CN113549916B - Shot blasting blade forming method based on 3D printing technology and capable of achieving partition structure performance - Google Patents
Shot blasting blade forming method based on 3D printing technology and capable of achieving partition structure performance Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/52—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with cobalt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/56—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.7% by weight of carbon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
- C23C24/106—Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
A shot blasting blade forming method based on partition structure performance of a 3D printing technology comprises blade base body forming and is characterized in that: the raw material of the blade matrix is Cr12MoV; the method comprises the following steps of 1) preparing two kinds of cladding alloy powder; first and second cladding alloy powders; 2) before cladding, pretreating a blade substrate, and carrying out preheating treatment at 120 ℃; 3) performing ball milling, drying and laboratory gas atomization pretreatment on the prepared two kinds of cladding alloy powder respectively, and finally placing the two kinds of cladding alloy powder in a thermostat respectively for standby; 4) setting technological parameters of the selective laser cladding technology, and cladding in a closed cladding bin filled with argon; the cladding selection area is divided into a first cladding area, a second cladding area and a fourth cladding area; the distribution of the four cladding areas gradually shrinks from outside to inside; the same every other cladding areaCladding alloy powder and printing; and after the cladding is finished, leveling the surface of the cladding layer. The service performance and the service life of the blade under the original working condition can be obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of shot blasting machines, in particular to a shot blasting blade forming method.
Background
The shot blasting machine serving as a surface cleaning technology can effectively clean rusts, oxide layers and the like on the surface of a workpiece so as to achieve the purposes of eliminating surface residual stress and strengthening the surface, has the advantages of high efficiency, low energy and the like, and is widely applied to the industries of casting, ships and the like. The quality and the service life of the impeller head blades serving as key parts of the impeller head are main factors influencing the working efficiency of the impeller head blades.
In actual working conditions of the impeller head blades, the high-speed motor drives the impeller head blades to rotate, shot is firstly ejected from the directional window after being subjected to primary acceleration of the impeller head, and then is subjected to secondary acceleration of the impeller head blades rotating at high speed, so that the shot is ejected to the surface of a workpiece, and the purpose of cleaning the workpiece is achieved. The surface of the workpiece generates a pressing pit through impact of high-speed projectile throwing jet flow, so that a brittle deformation layer is generated on the surface layer of the workpiece, and instantaneous compressive stress is generated under the brittle deformation layer in the normal direction, so that the aim of shot blasting reinforcement is fulfilled, and the strength and the fatigue strength of the workpiece are improved.
The shot blasting blade is subjected to force analysis, the failure reason of the shot blasting blade is mainly that the blade is impacted by a shot and is abraded by the shot after secondary acceleration, meanwhile, a workpiece can fall off and an internal crack can occur due to fatigue abrasion and cutting abrasion, when the internal crack is deeply expanded, the workpiece can even break, in addition, when the shot under high impact strength is sprayed to the blade, severe plastic deformation can occur, when the plastic deformation pits are accumulated more, the peripheries of adjacent deformation pits in a unit area can be mutually extruded to generate a plowing phenomenon, and finally, under the conditions of repeated deformation and extrusion, the blade is subjected to work hardening and falls off.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a shot blasting blade forming method based on the partition structure performance of the 3D printing technology, which aims to solve the problems of the prior art, obviously improve the defects of the shot blasting blade, achieve the additive manufacturing and remanufacturing of the shot blasting device blade and obviously improve the service performance and the service life of the shot blasting device blade under the original working condition.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a shot blasting blade forming method based on partition structure performance of a 3D printing technology comprises blade base body forming and is characterized in that: selecting the raw material of the blade matrix as Cr12MoV；
Step 1), preparing two kinds of cladding alloy powder;
the first cladding alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 3% -3.2%, Si: 1% -2%, Cr: 29% -30%, Co: 4% -5%, Ni: 2% -3%, W: 4% -6%, Mo: 0.5% -1.5%, Mn: 0.4% -0.8%, Ti: 7% -8%, Fe: the balance; the first cladding alloy powder is based on iron-based powder and is doped with a ceramic phase with the mass percent of 25%;
the second cladding alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mg: 4.2%, Li: 2.9%, Ti: 4.17%, Al: the balance;
step 2), before cladding, preprocessing the blade matrix, including polishing to remove oxide skin, and performing preheating treatment; the preheating temperature is 120 ℃;
step 3) performing ball milling, drying and laboratory gas atomization pretreatment on the prepared two kinds of cladding alloy powder respectively, and finally placing the two kinds of cladding alloy powder in a thermostat respectively for standby;
step 4), setting technological parameters of selective laser cladding technology, wherein the cladding laser power is as follows: 2000W, powder feeding speed: 5.5L/min, the scanning speed is 500mm/min, the defocusing amount is 15mm, and the zone cladding delay is 30 s;
cladding in a closed cladding bin filled with argon to ensure that no redox reaction is generated in a molten pool; the cladding selection area is divided into a first cladding area, a second cladding area, a third cladding area and a fourth cladding area; the distribution of the four cladding areas gradually shrinks from outside to inside; cladding and printing by adopting the same cladding alloy powder every other cladding area;
and after the cladding is finished, leveling the surface of the cladding layer.
As a further technical scheme of the invention: in the step 3), the ball-material ratio of the two cladding alloy powders during ball milling is 1:5, the ball milling is carried out for 6h, wherein the ball milling is carried out for 20min and then the ball milling tank is vacuumized before the ball milling.
Further: the first cladding area is positioned at the outermost periphery, and the first cladding area and the third cladding area both adopt first cladding alloy powder; and the second cladding area and the fourth cladding area both adopt second cladding alloy powder.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: the cladding powder feeding mode can be synchronous, coaxial or prefabricated.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method can obviously improve the defects of the blades, and achieves the purposes of additive manufacturing and remanufacturing of the impeller head blades, so that the service performance and the service life of the impeller head blades are obviously improved under the original working condition. Two kinds of alloy powder are cladded on the surface of the impeller head blade by utilizing a selective laser cladding (SLM) technology, and the two different physical properties of cladding layers are utilized to supplement each other, so that the blade meets the use requirements under various working conditions, and the service life is prolonged.
Drawings
The invention will be further explained and explained with reference to the drawings and examples:
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of cladding during cladding selection;
FIG. 2 is a left side view of FIG. 1;
in the figure: 1. the first cladding area, 2, the second cladding area, 3 the third cladding area, 4 the fourth cladding area.
Detailed Description
The shot blasting blade forming method with partition structure performance comprises the step of forming a blade substrate, wherein the blade substrate is made of Cr12MoV; the specific implementation comprises the following steps:
step 1), preparing two kinds of cladding alloy powder;
the first cladding alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 3% -3.2%, Si: 1% -2%, Cr: 29% -30%, Co: 4% -5%, Ni: 2% -3%, W: 4% -6%, Mo: 0.5% -1.5%, Mn: 0.4% -0.8%, Ti: 7% -8%, Fe: the balance; the first cladding alloy powder is based on iron-based powder and is doped with a ceramic phase with the mass percent of 25%; the main purpose is to enhance the hardness, and at the same time, the element C and the element Ti in the powder are used for in-situ self-generation of TiC as a reinforcing phase for supporting the hardness in the coating, as is known, the thermal physical properties of TiC ceramic particles are greatly different from those of metal powder, if TiC is directly added, the element segregation can be caused, and even the coating can crack, the quality of the cladding layer can be reduced, so that the in-situ self-generation molding can be realized through the configuration of the element powder. In addition, the first cladding alloy powder cladding layer is used as a transition layer which is an iron-based coating, the matching performance with the blade base material is good, and the second cladding alloy powder cladding is facilitated.
The second cladding alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mg: 4.2%, Li: 2.9%, Ti: 4.17%, Al: the balance; the cladding alloy powder is Ti-Al-Li-based alloy, is based on Al-based powder and is used as a plastic material, and has the outstanding advantages that the impact toughness is high, particularly the addition of Li element increases the wettability of a molten pool, so that the quality of a cladding layer is improved. However, Ti-Al-Li alloy powder is slightly expensive and has low economic adaptability, and is compatible with Cr12The matching performance of the MoV is poor,therefore, the selective laser cladding technology is used for preparing the coating, and the purpose of realizing the cladding of proper materials to proper positions is achieved, so that the purposes of reducing the processing cost and maximizing the resource utilization are achieved.
Step 2), before cladding, preprocessing the blade matrix, including polishing to remove oxide skin, and performing preheating treatment; the preheating temperature is 120 ℃;
step 3) performing ball milling, drying and laboratory gas atomization pretreatment on the prepared two kinds of cladding alloy powder respectively, and finally placing the two kinds of cladding alloy powder in a constant temperature box respectively for standby; in the step, the ball-material ratio of the two cladding alloy powders during ball milling is 1:5, the ball milling is carried out for 6h, wherein the ball milling is carried out for 20min and then the ball ink tank is vacuumized before the ball milling;
step 4), setting technological parameters of selective laser cladding technology, wherein the cladding laser power is as follows: 2000W, powder feeding speed: 5.5L/min, the scanning speed is 500mm/min, the defocusing amount is 15mm, and the zone cladding delay is 30 s;
cladding in a closed cladding bin filled with argon to ensure that no redox reaction is generated in a molten pool; the cladding selection area is divided into a first cladding area, a second cladding area, a third cladding area and a fourth cladding area; the distribution of the four cladding areas gradually shrinks from outside to inside; and cladding and printing by adopting the same cladding alloy powder every other cladding area. In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1-2, the first cladding region is located at the outermost periphery, and the first cladding region and the third cladding region both use the first cladding alloy powder; and the second cladding area and the fourth cladding area both adopt second cladding alloy powder. The cladding thickness of the four sections is consistent.
And after cladding, leveling the surface of the cladding layer to ensure the roughness of the cladding layer.
The cladding powder feeding mode adopted by the method can be synchronous, coaxial or prefabricated.
By applying a sample of the raw material (Cr)12MoV), a sample for completely cladding first cladding alloy powder, a sample for completely cladding second cladding alloy powder and a selected-area cladding sample in the test are subjected to a friction wear test and a shear strength detection for 30min, and cladding test parametersIdentical, it was found that:
the wear volume of the raw material is 0.358mm3The cladding sample abrasion volume of the first cladding alloy powder is 0.209mm3The cladding sample abrasion volume of the second cladding alloy powder is 0.340mm3The abrasion volume of the selective cladding sample by adopting the method is 0.221mm3；
The shear strength of the raw materials is 207Mpa, the shear strength of a cladding sample for completely cladding the first cladding alloy powder is 191Mpa, the shear strength of a cladding sample for completely cladding the second cladding alloy powder is 262Mpa, and the shear strength of a selective cladding sample adopting the method is 239 Mpa.
Therefore, in conclusion, the preparation result of the selective cladding coating meets the expected performance requirement, the problems of wear resistance and the like can be effectively solved, the process is simple and convenient, the material utilization degree is high, and the actual industrial production is met.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, which is defined by the claims.
Claims (4)
1. A shot blasting blade forming method based on partition structure performance of a 3D printing technology comprises blade base body forming and is characterized in that: selecting the raw material of the blade matrix as Cr12MoV；
Step 1), preparing two kinds of cladding alloy powder;
the first cladding alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 3% -3.2%, Si: 1% -2%, Cr: 29% -30%, Co: 4% -5%, Ni: 2% -3%, W: 4% -6%, Mo: 0.5% -1.5%, Mn: 0.4% -0.8%, Ti: 7% -8%, Fe: the balance; the first cladding alloy powder is based on iron-based powder and is doped with a ceramic phase with the mass percent of 25%;
the second cladding alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mg: 4.2%, Li: 2.9%, Ti: 4.17%, Al: the balance;
step 2), before cladding, preprocessing the blade matrix, including polishing to remove oxide skin, and performing preheating treatment; the preheating temperature is 120 ℃;
step 3) performing ball milling, drying and laboratory gas atomization pretreatment on the prepared two kinds of cladding alloy powder respectively, and finally placing the two kinds of cladding alloy powder in a constant temperature box respectively for standby;
step 4), setting technological parameters of selective laser cladding technology, wherein the cladding laser power is as follows: 2000W, powder feeding speed: 5.5L/min, the scanning speed is 500mm/min, the defocusing amount is 15mm, and the zone cladding delay is 30 s;
cladding in a closed cladding bin filled with argon to ensure that no redox reaction is generated in a molten pool; the cladding selection area is divided into a first cladding area, a second cladding area, a third cladding area and a fourth cladding area; the distribution of the four cladding areas gradually shrinks from outside to inside; cladding and printing by adopting the same cladding alloy powder every other cladding area;
and after the cladding is finished, leveling the surface of the cladding layer.
2. The shot blasting blade forming method based on the partition structure performance of the 3D printing technology, as recited in claim 1, wherein: in the step 3), the ball-material mass ratio of the two cladding alloy powders during ball milling is 1:5, the ball milling is carried out for 6 hours, wherein the ball milling is carried out for 20min and then the ball ink tank is vacuumized before the ball milling.
3. The shot blasting blade forming method based on partition structure performance of the 3D printing technology and based on the claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: the first cladding area is positioned at the outermost periphery, and the first cladding area and the third cladding area both adopt first cladding alloy powder; and the second cladding area and the fourth cladding area both adopt second cladding alloy powder.
4. The shot blasting blade forming method based on the partition structure performance of the 3D printing technology, as recited in claim 3, wherein: the cladding powder feeding mode can be synchronous, coaxial or prefabricated.
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