CN109226933A - A kind of more pass weld techniques of big thickness Hi-Stren steel multilayer determine method - Google Patents
A kind of more pass weld techniques of big thickness Hi-Stren steel multilayer determine method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109226933A CN109226933A CN201811009898.3A CN201811009898A CN109226933A CN 109226933 A CN109226933 A CN 109226933A CN 201811009898 A CN201811009898 A CN 201811009898A CN 109226933 A CN109226933 A CN 109226933A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/0026—Arc welding or cutting specially adapted for particular articles or work
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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- B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of big more pass weld techniques of thickness Hi-Stren steel multilayer to determine method, specific to using the big thickness Hi-Stren steel test specimen of double V-groove, the more pass weld techniques of the multilayer containing rare earth element, including on welding finite element software selection simulation welding material, carry out Simulation of welding temperature field, carry out welding stress field simulation, sunykatuib analysis is carried out to the phase transformation of welding bead using Visual Environment software, determine final welding procedure.This big more pass weld technique of thickness Hi-Stren steel multilayer determines that method welds finite element software and Visual Environment software for the more pass weld production processes progress coupled simulations of big thickness Hi-Stren steel multilayer to replace largely testing by Sysweld, the quality of welding point can be effectively predicted, cost can be substantially reduced, improve productivity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of determination method of welding procedure, it is specifically a kind of be suitable for for big thickness such as Q345,
The determination method of the more pass weld techniques of the multilayer of the Hi-Stren steels such as Q390, belongs to welding technology field.
Background technique
Welding point is the significant points of weldment, is made of weld seam, fusion area, heat affected area and base metals.When being welded
When the weldment connect is not long straight weld seam, Lincoln weld cannot be used, the side using the more welding bead welding electrode arc welding of multilayer is needed
Method.When welding, in order to reduce welding deformation, heat input is usually reduced in production, but be not easy to penetrate；But if in order to penetrate,
When using biggish heat input, deformation can but be brought to increase, the tendency of weld overheated zone coarse grains reduces deposited metal
Mechanical property.
Hi-Stren steel refers to that a small amount of alloy element is added in mild steel makes the surrender for rolling state or normalizing state
Intensity is more than the low-alloy engineering steel of 275MPa.Hi-Stren steel is added on a small quantity on the basis of structural carbon steel
Mn, Si and the alloying elements such as micro Nb, V, Ti, Al and a kind of Kind of Steels Used in Engineering Structures for growing up.So-called low-alloy is
Refer to that alloying element total amount is no more than 3% in steel, high intensity is for carbon Kind of Steels Used in Engineering Structures.Hi-Stren steel
It is to obtain comprehensive mechanical property as high as possible using alloying element as few as possible, is used with reaching satisfaction, is low-cost
Purpose.Hi-Stren steel can satisfy various structures (such as large bridge, pressure vessel and ship) in engineering and require to hold
It carries greatly, while requiring to mitigate dead load again, improve reliability and save the requirement of material and resource.This kind of steel is mainly used to make
Make the higher engineering structure of various requirement intensity, such as bridge, ship, vehicle, high-pressure bottle, oil and gas pipeline, Large Steel
Structure etc..By taking Q345 as an example, 1%Mn, which is only added, just in Q235 steel becomes Q345 steel, and its intensity increases nearly 40%, reaches
345MPa, good combination property, low temperature performance well, cold stamping performance, welding performance and machinability are good, are widely used in bridge
Beam, vehicle, ship, building, pressure vessel, special equipment etc..When Q345 steel plate is welded, for thin plate without preheating, base material is thick
Degree then needs to be preheated to 100 DEG C or more in 30mm or more.It, should also be using multilayer even multilayer multiple tracks when mother metal thickness is greater than 6mm
The defects of welding bead is welded, and not weld penetration, crackle, welding deformation otherwise will be generated.Compared with type I groove, double V-groove can be with
The bonding strength for improving workpiece, can more be suitably adjusted penetration ratio.But due to the asymmetry of groove, weldment is easily deformed,
If weldment is oversized, due to the limitation of heat-treated heat size, heat can not be carried out to the component of deformation after also will cause welding
The problem of processing.Guarantee the welding procedure side that the weld overheated zone crystal grain of the Hi-Stren steel of big thickness is tiny and can penetrate
The problem of method is always welding insider's concern.
Although being welded using the special welding material containing rare earth element can be improved welding quality, current welding
Technological parameter is all to be obtained by test, therefore the welding condition for adding rare earth element deposited metal does not obtain theory
Verifying；In addition, having much about rare earth element is probed on the test that deposited metal influences, there are also quantitative conclusions, still
Go to verify the record of the welding process reliability containing rare earth element not over the soldering test of addition rare earth element；Meanwhile
The optimum combination of the welding condition containing rare earth element is determined by largely testing, this to develop novel welding material
Cost greatly improves, and reduces the application space of rare earth element in the industrial production.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a kind of more pass weld techniques determinations of big thickness Hi-Stren steel multilayer
Method, for the big thickness Hi-Stren steel test specimen using double V-groove, the more pass weld works of the multilayer containing rare earth element
Skill can be realized under the premise of using double V-groove welding and reduce welding stress and distortion welding, reduce weld overheated zone crystal grain
Coarse problem, and then improve the welding quality of big thickness Hi-Stren steel.
To achieve the above object, this big more pass weld technique of thickness Hi-Stren steel multilayer determines the specific needle of method
It is specific to wrap to the big thickness Hi-Stren steel test specimen using double V-groove, the more pass weld techniques of the multilayer containing rare earth element
Include following steps:
The selection simulation welding material on welding finite element software: step 1 determines the welding number of plies and number of weld passes of test specimen
After amount using Sysweld weld finite element software and Visual Environment software carry out minimal deformation scheme determination and
The selection of heat source model, in the welding workpiece material depot of Sysweld software or Visual Environment software choose with
The identical material of Hi-Stren steel test specimen ingredient is as simulation material, if low without correspondence in software welding workpiece material depot
The material of alloy high strength steel test specimen is then selected to point similar material as stimulated replacement material；
Step 2 carries out Simulation of welding temperature field: being arranged according to the technique guide of Visual Environment software and is welded
Voltage, electric current, external environment and bite welding condition are connect as Pretreatment, selects corresponding welding machine and electric arc
The input heat of heat source is calculated after welding heat efficiency with weld heat input and inputs the technique guide of Visual Environment software
The cooling duration being spaced between the welding duration and each layer of per pass in multi-pass welding is generated, postwelding is without heat treatment, finally
Welding condition is completely filled in technique guide according to Pretreatment and carries out simulated thermal cycles curve；
Step 3 carries out welding stress field simulation: being simulated using Sysweld welding finite element software with simulation material
The welding stress field simulated is welded, if the warpage angle of two pieces of base materials of test specimen is greater than the warpage of welding standard after simulation welding
Angle then repeats step 1 and step 2；
Step 4 quantifies the phase transformation of the deposited metal containing rare earth element using Visual Environment software
Sunykatuib analysis: if the ferritic ratio after simulation welding in test specimen deposited metal phase transformation exceeds welding standard, repeat
Step 1 and step 2；
Step 5 determines final welding procedure:, will be in step 2 if step 3 and step 4 are all satisfied welding standard
Welding procedure is determined as final welding procedure.
The input heat that heat source is calculated in step 2 is calculated by the following formula
Q=η UI=4050J；
Weld heat input q/v is calculated to be calculated by the following formula
Q/v=η LI/v (kJ/cm)
In formula: U-weldingvoltage (V)；
I-welding current (A)；
V-speed of welding (cm/s)；
η-coefficient of thermal efficiency.
It is 0.5%, CeO that the rare earth element type and percentage being added in step 2, which are La,2It is 0.1%.
Pretreatment in step 2 further includes postwelding without heat treatment.
Compared with prior art, this big more pass weld technique of thickness Hi-Stren steel multilayer determines the specific needle of method
To the big thickness Hi-Stren steel test specimen using double V-groove, the more pass weld techniques of the multilayer containing rare earth element, pass through
Sysweld welds finite element software and Visual Environment software and welds more for big thickness Hi-Stren steel multilayer
Road welding production process carries out coupled simulation to replace largely testing, and can carry out to the content of the metallographic structure of deposited metal
The quality of welding point is effectively predicted in quantitative simulation, and postwelding solves large-scale weldment and be not easy to be heat-treated without heat treatment
Problem, can substantially reduce cost, improve productivity.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is V-butt welding bead arrangement schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is test specimen grid model schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the first paths of thermal cycling curve；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of thermal cycling curve the second paths and third path；
Fig. 5 is thermal cycling curve of the characteristic point in entire welding process of the first paths；
Test specimen upper surface deformation pattern when Fig. 6 is 5951 seconds；
Test specimen base material tilts angle figure when Fig. 7 is 7451 seconds；
Fig. 8 is that pearlite changes with time figure；
Fig. 9 is the metallographic structure figure of test specimen welding deposition area and overheated zone.
Specific embodiment
With the development of technology, welding technique, which has become, integrates the subjects such as materialogy, mechanics, metallurgy, ecsomatics
The comprehensive branch of learning.
Welding material directly influences welded mechanical property, and the technology content of welding material determines welding industry
Technical level.Rare earth element is referred to as the strategic element of 21 century, is lanthanide series and and lanthanum in the periodic table of chemical element
The closely related scandium (Sc) and yttrium (Y) of 15 elements of system totally 17 kinds of elements, referred to as rare earth element.Rare earth element is divided into light, again
Two groups of rare earth or it is light, in, three groups of heavy rare earth.There is the special welding material containing rare earth element on the market at present, with common weldering
It connects material to compare, the deposited metal mechanical property welded using proprietary material is greatly improved.In recent years, with
The continuous enhancing of computer calculated performance, domestic and international Welder author have developed a variety of FEM calculations for welding process
Program and numerical simulation software.The addition of rare earth element is so that the tissue of welding point produces variation, the microstructure of variation
Meeting is so that the mechanical property of welding point generates very big difference, therefore is directed to the welding numerical value of the residual stress containing rare earth element
Simulation is distinct from the welding analog using common material.
The application is exactly to simulate to generate the welding condition containing rare earth element to improve greatly using numerical simulation software
The welding quality of thickness Hi-Stren steel.
Below by taking Q345B steel plate welding procedure determines method as an example, in conjunction with attached drawing, the present invention will be further described.
Base material used in soldering test is Q345B, and test plate (panel) size is 300mm × 100mm × 20mm, and two pieces of test plate (panel)s are assembled into
Double V-groove, and bottom fitting is at a distance of 6mm.Test is multi-pass welding, and a total of 12 welding bead, the electric arc in each road is for welding
Deformation influence is very big, through comprehensively considering, selects in four kinds of heat source models that Visual Environment software carries double ellipse
Ball heat source model.Welding bead arrangement is as shown in Figure 1, sample is welded using six layers, and each layer of welding bead number is all twice.It establishes
Grid model is as shown in Figure 2.In order to avoid weldment postwelding oversized the problem of can not being heat-treated, first set without weldering
The Pretreatment being heat-treated afterwards.
Step 1, the selection simulation welding material on welding finite element software:
In order to reduce welding cost, finite element software is welded first with Sysweld and Visual Environment is soft
The determination of part progress minimal deformation scheme.From the point of view of the content of the material depot shown from software, the material of Sysweld software offer
In there is no Q345B, it is therefore desirable to Visual Environment soft material library find ingredient it is identical as Q345B or at
Material similar in point is as welding workpiece material as stimulated replacement material.S355J2G3 is selected to substitute existing workpiece material
Q345B, the ingredient of two kinds of materials is as shown in table 1, table 2.
The ingredient (%) of 1 S355J2G3 of table
The ingredient (%) of 2 Q345B of table
Step 2 carries out Simulation of welding temperature field:
Pretreatment is set, addition is arranged according to the technique guide of Visual Environment software step by step
Rare earth element type and a series of welding conditions such as percentage, weldingvoltage, electric current, external environment and bite.
Soldering test is using the inversion AC/DC argon arc welder of model WSE-315, and test current is above or below 180A
It floats, voltage floats up and down in 30V.To the thermal efficiency (η) value 75% of welding electrode arc welding.
The input heat of heat source is
Q=η UI=4050J
Weld heat input q/v is
Q/v=η UI/v (kJ/cm)
In formula: U-weldingvoltage (V)；
I-welding current (A)；
V-speed of welding (cm/s)；
η-coefficient of thermal efficiency.
The cooling duration being spaced between the welding duration and each layer of per pass in multi-pass welding is as shown in table 3.When specifying
After the arrangement of time of welding process and the numerical value of heat input heat input, welding procedure ginseng is completely filled in technique guide
Number.The welding condition of 12 welding beads is provided in technique guide.
3 weld interval calendar (s) of table
When simulated thermal cycles curve, multiple groups characteristic point is chosen on three paths respectively.First paths are (in Fig. 3
Abcdef line) it is center line of the weld seam upper surface along welding direction；Second paths (ghi line in Fig. 4) are in the cross section of weld seam
On along short transverse center line；Third path (jkmn line in Fig. 4) is the center line on the cross section of weld seam along width,
This path and Article 2 path orthogonal.First paths are as shown in Figure 5 in the thermal cycling curve of entire welding process.
Step 3 carries out welding stress field simulation:
When time t=5951s, i.e., when welding process terminates, since bite is applied with constraint where it
Constraint, to prevent the generation of welding deformation, therefore welding deformation amount is zero.From fig. 6, it can be seen that maximum distortion occurs
The edge of base material is 1.75mm.It is because the presence of bite to weld why in base material edge generation maximum distortion
The metal of metal and base material edge in seam region generates different deformations.As shown in fig. 7, when being cooled to 7451s, weldering
Connect on deformation general characteristic that no change has taken place, but maximum deformation quantity increased, and be 1.9mm, the warpage angle of two pieces of base materials
It is 2.48 °, meets the requirement of actual production.
Step 4, using Visual Environment software to first welding bead (multiple tracks welding bead forms deposited metal)
Phase transformation carries out sunykatuib analysis:
As shown in Figure 8.As selection node temperature sharply declines, apparent change is also had occurred in the phase at node.Ovshinsky
Body content is eventually increased to 11%.It is cooled to room temperature, becomes pearlite, at the same time, ferritic ratio is in welding process
In be kept approximately constant.
Step 5 determines welding procedure and carries out test specimen welding:
It is welded using the welding condition of simulation as welding electrode arc welding technological parameter.Using welding electrode arc welding into
Row welding, weldment material are Q345B, thickness 20mm.It is 4.0mm containing La, CeO that welding material, which selects diameter,2Ilmenite type
(it is 0.5%, CeO that rare earth La is added in the electrode coating of E4301 type welding rod to welding rod2It is 0.1%, core wire is H08A standard
Core wire), hereinafter referred to as 4301 type welding rod of new E.Welding current guarantees in 175~185A, arranges welding bead according to Fig. 1.Layer is 6,
Every layer of 2 welding bead, 12 welding bead altogether, temperature control is in 110~130 DEG C between road.
Test specimen is assembled according to Fig. 1, it is uniformly electric in welding bead 206mm length using welding electrode arc welding spot welding double V-groove lower part
Weld at 4 points；All welding materials and welding assembly will carry out the pre-heat treatment before welding；The pre-heat treatment specifically: will be novel
E4301 type welding rod is heated to 350 DEG C in an oven, keeps the temperature 2 hours rears and uses, to avoid welding material from making moist.In tack welding
It connects with before double V-groove welding, is preheated using oxy-acetylene flame butt-welding fitting, preheating temperature is 120 DEG C.Weldment envelope is cut off with gas cutting
After the attachment of bottom, the surface is polished with grinding wheel, without heat treatment after welding.
The final deformation result of workpiece is measured after the completion of welding.After welding has been completed, welding workpiece both ends by
It gradually tilts, using the angle of workpiece and horizontal plane as the reference quantity of welding deformation, and the angle and mould measured in test
Quasi- result compares.Measurement it is found that production in workpiece maximum deformation quantity be 2.5 °, 2.48 ° of phases of warpage angle with simulation
It coincide.
Metallographic sampling is carried out to deposited metal and its overheated zone, successively with 500 mesh, 1000 mesh, 1500 mesh, 1800 mesh and
The sand paper of 2000 mesh polishes to the surface to be observed, and polishing is completed on polishing machine.With 5% nital
Corrosion carries out metallographic observation to deposited metal and overheated zone using BX51M Metallographic Analysis system, as shown in figure 9, overheated zone crystal grain
It is relatively fine.
Quantitative analysis is carried out using photo of the ImageJ software to deposited metal captured by BX51M Metallographic Analysis system.
It obtains ferrite and pearlite proportion is 87:13.This is close with the Phase Proportion result 89:11 of software simulation.
It can be seen that this kind of method does not have to post weld heat treatment, production cost is reduced, large-scale weldment is solved and is not easy hot place
The problem of reason.Especially, by simulating not only instead of multiple test weld but also the metallographic structure to the deposited metal containing rare earth element
Content carried out quantitative simulation, by waste product eliminate in the dummy run phase, avoid the increasing of man power and material caused by multiple test weld
Add.Small with the more pass weld method welding deformations of big thickness Hi-Stren steel multilayer, weld overheated zone crystal grain is tiny, is suitble to
The welding for the double V-groove weldment being easily deformed.This kind of method can be in other low-alloy steel, Hi-Stren steel.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of more pass weld techniques of big thickness Hi-Stren steel multilayer determine method, which is characterized in that specific to
Using the big thickness Hi-Stren steel test specimen of double V-groove, the more pass weld techniques of the multilayer containing rare earth element, specifically include
Following steps:
Step 1, the selection simulation welding material on welding finite element software: after determining the welding number of plies and welding bead quantity of test specimen
Finite element software is welded using Sysweld and Visual Environment software carries out determination and the heat source of minimal deformation scheme
The selection of model is chosen and low conjunction in the welding workpiece material depot of Sysweld software or Visual Environment software
The identical material of golden high strength steel test specimen ingredient is as simulation material, if without corresponding low-alloy in software welding workpiece material depot
The material of high strength steel test specimen is then selected to point similar material as stimulated replacement material；
Step 2 carries out Simulation of welding temperature field: being added according to the setting of the technique guide of Visual Environment software
Rare earth element type and percentage, weldingvoltage, electric current, external environment and bite welding condition are as pre-treatment item
Part selects the input heat for calculating heat source after corresponding welding machine and the arc welding thermal efficiency and weld heat input and inputs Visual
When the cooling being spaced between the welding duration and each layer of per pass in the Process Planning Wizard multi-pass welding of Environment software
It is long, welding condition is finally completely filled in technique guide according to Pretreatment and carries out simulated thermal cycles curve；
Step 3 carries out welding stress field simulation: carrying out simulation welding with simulation material using Sysweld welding finite element software
The welding stress field simulated, if the warpage angle of two pieces of base materials of test specimen is greater than the warped fault block of welding standard after simulation welding
Degree, then repeat step 1 and step 2；
Step 4 carries out sunykatuib analysis to the phase transformation of welding bead using Visual Environment software: if trying after simulation welding
Ferritic ratio in part welding bead phase transformation exceeds welding standard, then repeats step 1 and step 2；
Step 5 determines final welding procedure: if step 3 and step 4 are all satisfied welding standard, by the welding in step 2
Technique is determined as final welding procedure.
2. the more pass weld techniques of big thickness Hi-Stren steel multilayer according to claim 1 determine method, special
Sign is that the input heat that heat source is calculated in step 2 is calculated by the following formula
Q=η UI=4050J；
Weld heat input q/v is calculated to be calculated by the following formula
Q/v=η UI/v (kJ/cm)
In formula: U-weldingvoltage (V)；
I-welding current (A)；
V-speed of welding (cm/s)；
η-coefficient of thermal efficiency.
3. the more pass weld techniques of big thickness Hi-Stren steel multilayer according to claim 1 determine method, special
Sign is that it is 0.5%, CeO that the rare earth element type and percentage being added in step 2, which are La,2It is 0.1%.
4. the more pass weld techniques of big thickness Hi-Stren steel multilayer according to claim 1 determine method, special
Sign is that the Pretreatment in step 2 further includes postwelding without heat treatment.
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