CN111112868A - Welding seam structure performance regulation and control method based on welding thermal cycle and mechanical vibration - Google Patents
Welding seam structure performance regulation and control method based on welding thermal cycle and mechanical vibration Download PDFInfo
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- CN111112868A CN111112868A CN201911411642.XA CN201911411642A CN111112868A CN 111112868 A CN111112868 A CN 111112868A CN 201911411642 A CN201911411642 A CN 201911411642A CN 111112868 A CN111112868 A CN 111112868A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/12—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to investigating the properties, e.g. the weldability, of materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/173—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of high-strength aluminum alloy welding, and discloses a welding seam structure performance regulation and control method based on welding thermal cycle and mechanical vibration, which comprises the following steps: step 1, obtaining a welding heat cycle rule and a weld joint residual force evolution process by adopting a numerical simulation method based on an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu series aluminum alloy narrow-gap MIG welding heat source model and a material constitutive model; and 2, obtaining an influence rule of welding process parameters on welding heat cycle characteristics, an influence rule of welding heat cycles on residual stress evolution, subsequent welding heat cycle characteristics and crystallization welding heat cycle characteristics based on the obtained welding heat cycle rules and the weld joint residual force evolution process. The invention realizes the narrow-gap MIG multilayer multi-channel weld structure and performance regulation of thick plate Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy by regulating the welding thermal cycle and mechanical vibration, and can ensure the effect of weld structure performance regulation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-strength aluminum alloy welding, in particular to a welding seam structure performance regulating method based on welding thermal cycle and mechanical vibration.
Background
Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy is an aluminum alloy structural material with highest strength at room temperature, and is widely applied to various fields of ship manufacturing, military equipment, traffic and transportation engineering and the like which concern China and civilian life. Along with the improvement of the light weight level and the technological content of equipment, the demand of the series of aluminum alloy materials is increased day by day, and the number of retired structural members of the series of alloy is increased day by day, so that the manufacturing and remanufacturing technology of the series of alloy has wide application prospect and must generate huge social and economic benefits. The technologies of connecting, preventing abrasion, preventing corrosion covering or repairing mechanical parts by using a welding method are collectively called as maintenance welding technologies. The thick plate high-strength aluminum alloy repair welding requires high energy utilization rate, high efficiency, portable equipment, low cost, good welding accessibility and simple control. The narrow-gap consumable electrode gas shielded welding is particularly suitable for assembly welding, maintenance welding and rapid welding forming manufacturing of thick plate aluminum alloy structural parts, and when the thick plate welding working condition is limited to single-side welding, single-side narrow-gap MIG multi-layer multi-pass welding is often preferred.
The performance regulation and control of the thick plate multilayer multi-pass welding joint must be based on welding thermal cycle process research, welding material design, joint mechanical property evaluation and joint tissue evolution theory, the complex welding thermal cycle rule is the basic attribute of the multilayer multi-pass welding joint, and the attribute necessarily causes the difference of the tissue characteristics between different thermal cycle characteristic areas in the joint. Even if the same thermal cycle characteristic region, such as a weld zone, subsequent welding passes carry out uneven repeated heating on the finished weld, so that the dilution rate, the grain size, the distribution characteristics of the strengthening phase and the like of the weld zone all show unevenness along the plate thickness direction, and the difference of the mechanical property of the weld along the plate thickness direction is caused. The nonuniformity of the mechanical property of the welding seam metal increases the difficulty of judging weak links of the joint and regulating and controlling the mechanical property.
The condition of postweld heat treatment is often not provided after the maintenance and welding of the thick plate high-strength aluminum alloy. The periodic mechanical excitation force is applied to the welding piece in the welding process, so that the nucleation quantity in the crystallization process can be increased, and dendritic crystals are broken, and the effect of refining the structure is achieved; dislocation slip and annihilation can also be promoted, thereby reducing welding residual stress. In the welding seam crystallization process and the subsequent welding thermal cycle process, the mechanical vibration technological parameters matched with the welding thermal cycle conditions are the precondition for realizing the regulation and control of the welding seam tissue performance, and the combination of the welding and mechanical vibration technological parameters needs to be optimized to ensure the regulation and control effect of the welding seam tissue performance, so that the welding seam tissue performance regulation and control method based on the welding thermal cycle and the mechanical vibration is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a welding seam structure performance regulation and control method based on welding thermal cycle and mechanical vibration, so as to solve the technical problems.
(II) technical scheme
The invention provides the following technical scheme: a welding seam structure performance regulation and control method based on welding thermal cycle and mechanical vibration comprises the following steps:
step 1, obtaining a welding heat cycle rule and a weld joint residual force evolution process by adopting a numerical simulation method based on an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu series aluminum alloy narrow-gap MIG welding heat source model and a material constitutive model;
step 2, based on the obtained welding heat cycle law and the evolution process of the residual force of the welding seam, obtaining an influence law of welding process parameters on welding heat cycle characteristics, an influence law of welding heat cycle on residual stress evolution, subsequent welding heat cycle characteristics and crystallization welding heat cycle characteristics;
step 3, obtaining a welding process parameter adjusting weld joint residual stress mechanism based on an influence rule of welding process parameters on welding heat cycle characteristics and an influence rule of welding heat cycles on residual stress evolution;
step 4, obtaining the heterogeneity characteristic of the microstructure of the welding seam based on the crystalline structure characteristic of the welding seam and the microstructure characteristic after subsequent welding heat circulation, and judging and evaluating a metal strengthening mechanism of the welding seam;
step 5, obtaining a welding heat cycle regulation and control weld structure performance mechanism by combining the judgment and evaluation results of a weld metal strengthening mechanism based on the subsequent welding heat cycle characteristics, the crystallization welding heat cycle characteristics and the weld microstructure heterogeneity characteristics;
step 6, based on the mechanical property characteristics of the multilayer multi-channel welding seam, obtaining the mechanical property nonuniformity characteristics of the welding seam and weak links of the welding seam and the mechanical property, and optimizing welding process parameters;
step 7, obtaining a mechanical vibration regulation and control weld joint structure performance mechanism by combining the judgment and evaluation results of a weld joint metal strengthening mechanism based on the influence rule of mechanical vibration on the weld joint crystalline structure and the influence rule of mechanical vibration on the microstructure in the subsequent welding process;
step 8, obtaining a mechanism for adjusting the residual stress of the welding line by mechanical vibration based on the relationship between dislocation and the residual stress;
and 9, regulating the residual stress mechanism of the welding seam, regulating the structural performance mechanism of the welding seam through welding thermal circulation, regulating the structural performance mechanism of the welding seam through mechanical vibration and regulating the residual stress mechanism of the welding seam through mechanical vibration, and regulating the microstructure performance and the welding residual stress distribution of the welding seam based on the obtained welding process parameters.
Preferably, the step 1 specifically comprises the following steps:
①, constructing a single-sided narrow-gap MIG multilayer multi-pass welded columnar Gaussian heat source model, optimizing the heat source model by referring to the measured value of the morphological characteristic parameter of the molten pool, and obtaining the error of the calculation result of the morphological characteristic parameter of the molten pool;
②, establishing constitutive equations of welding filling materials and welding base materials, wherein in the setting of the constitutive equations of welding seams and base materials, the relationship among stress, strain rate and temperature is represented by modified constitutive equations, and parameters in the equations are determined according to the test result of high-temperature tensile mechanical properties;
③, establishing a three-dimensional finite element model for numerically simulating welding heat cycle and welding residual stress evolution in the forming process of the multilayer multi-pass welding seam;
④, simulating the thermal cycle process and residual stress evolution process of each welding bead under the condition of multilayer multi-pass welding with different process parameters by adopting a numerical simulation method, and establishing a mapping from the welding process parameters to the peak temperature and average cooling rate of the welding thermal cycle curve in the crystallization process, and the peak temperature and residual stress distribution in the subsequent welding thermal cycle process;
⑤ analyzing the influence rule of the subsequent welding heat circulation on the welding residual stress of the finished welding seam according to the welding heat circulation process of the bottom, the middle and the upper parts of the welding seam and the evolution process of the welding stress and the strain.
Preferably, the step 1 further comprises:
adjusting process parameters, and extracting welding thermal cycle curves of different characteristic regions and residual stress evolution curves of different characteristic regions in the welding joint;
and detecting the accuracy of the simulation result by adopting an infrared high-temperature camera, an X-ray method and a pinhole method.
Preferably, the weld crystalline structure characteristics and microstructure characteristics after subsequent welding thermal cycles in step 4 include grain size, second phase particle size and density, solid solution matrix phase solute concentration, dislocation configuration and density, and element distribution characteristics.
Preferably, the weld microstructure non-uniformity characteristics in step 4 include microstructure differences between the bottom, middle and top portions of the weld, between the middle and near-fusion regions of the weld, and between layers.
Preferably, the weld mechanical property nonuniformity characteristics in the step 6 include a weld cross section microhardness distribution rule, static tensile mechanical properties of upper, middle and bottom laminate section samples of the weld, tensile fracture morphology characteristics and an element distribution rule.
Preferably, the step 6 includes:
analyzing the composition and distribution characteristics of the weld metal phase by adopting a metallographic test, a scanning electron microscope test, an X-ray energy spectrum analysis, an X-ray diffraction test and a high-resolution transmission electron microscope test;
detecting microhardness distribution by using a microhardness meter, and detecting mechanical properties by using a static tensile test;
and obtaining a multi-layer multi-channel welding seam weak link in mechanical property by adopting a fracture analysis method.
Preferably, the rule of the influence of the mechanical vibration on the weld crystallized structure and the rule of the influence of the mechanical vibration on the microstructure in the subsequent welding process in the step 7 include:
and (3) the rule of influence of mechanical vibration on crystal grain nucleation and growth, second phase precipitation and dislocation distribution in the welding seam crystallization process and the subsequent welding thermal cycle process.
Preferably, in step 5 and step 7, the method for determining and evaluating the weld metal strengthening mechanism includes:
measuring the grain sizes of different characteristic areas by adopting a line intercept method;
under a transmission electron microscope, selecting more than 10 fields at random in the selected weld joint characteristic region, and analyzing the average size and distribution characteristics of second phase particles;
detecting a phase analysis spectrum and a lattice constant of a region to be detected based on an X-ray diffraction test, calculating dislocation density of the region to be detected, and analyzing the contribution of dislocation reinforcement to the weld strength;
observing dislocation distribution characteristics by adopting a high-resolution transmission electron microscope test;
and calculating the matrix phase solute atomic concentration according to the lattice constant, and evaluating the solid solution strengthening effect.
Preferably, the step 9 includes:
optimizing mechanical vibration technological parameters matched with welding technological parameters;
establishing mapping from welding process parameters and mechanical vibration process parameters to welding seam mechanical properties to obtain the optimal combination of the welding process parameters and the vibration process parameters;
and regulating and controlling the microstructure property of the welding seam and the distribution of welding residual stress based on the optimal combination of welding process parameters and vibration process parameters.
(III) advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
based on the nonuniformity characteristics of a narrow-gap MIG multi-layer multi-channel weld, a weld metal strengthening mechanism and a multi-layer multi-channel weld residual stress forming mechanism, the invention realizes the structure and performance regulation of the thick plate Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy narrow-gap MIG multi-layer multi-channel weld by adjusting the welding thermal cycle and the mechanical vibration, and can ensure the effect of regulating the structure and performance of the weld.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a method for regulating weld joint structure performance based on welding thermal cycle and mechanical vibration includes the following steps:
step 1, obtaining a welding heat cycle rule and a weld joint residual force evolution process by adopting a numerical simulation method based on an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu series aluminum alloy narrow-gap MIG welding heat source model and a material constitutive model;
step 2, based on the obtained welding heat cycle law and the evolution process of the residual force of the welding seam, obtaining an influence law of welding process parameters on welding heat cycle characteristics, an influence law of welding heat cycle on residual stress evolution, subsequent welding heat cycle characteristics and crystallization welding heat cycle characteristics;
step 3, obtaining a welding process parameter adjusting weld joint residual stress mechanism based on an influence rule of welding process parameters on welding heat cycle characteristics and an influence rule of welding heat cycles on residual stress evolution;
step 4, obtaining the heterogeneity characteristic of the microstructure of the welding seam based on the crystalline structure characteristic of the welding seam and the microstructure characteristic after subsequent welding heat circulation, and judging and evaluating a metal strengthening mechanism of the welding seam;
step 5, obtaining a welding heat cycle regulation and control weld structure performance mechanism by combining the judgment and evaluation results of a weld metal strengthening mechanism based on the subsequent welding heat cycle characteristics, the crystallization welding heat cycle characteristics and the weld microstructure heterogeneity characteristics;
step 6, based on the mechanical property characteristics of the multilayer multi-channel welding seam, obtaining the mechanical property nonuniformity characteristics of the welding seam and weak links of the welding seam and the mechanical property, and optimizing welding process parameters;
step 7, obtaining a mechanical vibration regulation and control weld joint structure performance mechanism by combining the judgment and evaluation results of a weld joint metal strengthening mechanism based on the influence rule of mechanical vibration on the weld joint crystalline structure and the influence rule of mechanical vibration on the microstructure in the subsequent welding process;
step 8, obtaining a mechanism for adjusting the residual stress of the welding line by mechanical vibration based on the relationship between dislocation and the residual stress;
and 9, regulating the residual stress mechanism of the welding seam, regulating the structural performance mechanism of the welding seam through welding thermal circulation, regulating the structural performance mechanism of the welding seam through mechanical vibration and regulating the residual stress mechanism of the welding seam through mechanical vibration, and regulating the microstructure performance and the welding residual stress distribution of the welding seam based on the obtained welding process parameters.
Further, step 1 specifically includes the following steps:
①, constructing a single-sided narrow-gap MIG multi-layer multi-pass welded columnar Gaussian heat source model, optimizing the heat source model by referring to the measured value of the molten pool morphological characteristic parameter, and obtaining the error of the calculation result of the molten pool morphological characteristic parameter;
②, establishing constitutive equations of welding filling materials and welding base materials, wherein in the setting of the constitutive equations of welding seams and base materials, the relationship among stress, strain rate and temperature is represented by modified constitutive equations, and parameters in the equations are determined according to the test result of high-temperature tensile mechanical properties;
③, establishing a three-dimensional finite element model for numerically simulating welding heat cycle and welding residual stress evolution in the forming process of the multilayer multi-pass welding seam;
④, simulating the thermal cycle process and residual stress evolution process of each welding bead under the condition of multilayer multi-pass welding with different process parameters by adopting a numerical simulation method, and establishing a mapping from the welding process parameters to the peak temperature and average cooling rate of the welding thermal cycle curve in the crystallization process, and the peak temperature and residual stress distribution in the subsequent welding thermal cycle process;
⑤ analyzing the influence rule of the subsequent welding heat circulation on the welding residual stress of the finished welding seam according to the welding heat circulation process of the bottom, the middle and the upper parts of the welding seam and the evolution process of the welding stress and the strain.
Further, step 1 further comprises:
adjusting process parameters, and extracting welding thermal cycle curves of different characteristic regions and residual stress evolution curves of different characteristic regions in the welding joint;
and (3) detecting the accuracy of the simulation result by adopting an infrared high-temperature camera (the highest temperature can be accurately detected to be 1500 ℃), an X-ray method and a pinhole method.
Further, the weld crystalline structure characteristics and the microstructure characteristics after the subsequent welding thermal cycle in the step 4 include grain size, second phase grain size and density, solid solution matrix phase solute concentration, dislocation configuration and density, and element distribution characteristics.
Further, the weld microstructure non-uniformity characteristics in step 4 include microstructure differences between the bottom, middle and top of the weld, between the middle and near-fusion zones of the weld, and between layers.
Further, the weld mechanical property nonuniformity characteristics in the step 6 comprise a weld cross section microhardness distribution rule, static tensile mechanical properties of upper, middle and bottom laminate section samples of the weld, tensile fracture morphology characteristics and an element distribution rule.
Further, step 6 comprises:
analyzing the composition and distribution characteristics of the weld metal phase by adopting a metallographic test, a scanning electron microscope test (SEM), an X-ray energy spectrum analysis (EDS), an X-ray diffraction test (XRD) and a high-resolution transmission electron microscope test (HR-TEM);
detecting microhardness distribution by using a microhardness meter, and detecting mechanical properties by using a static tensile test;
and obtaining a multi-layer multi-channel welding seam weak link in mechanical property by adopting a fracture analysis method.
Further, the rule of the influence of the mechanical vibration on the weld crystallized structure in the step 7 and the rule of the influence of the mechanical vibration on the microstructure in the subsequent welding process include:
and (3) the rule of influence of mechanical vibration on crystal grain nucleation and growth, second phase precipitation and dislocation distribution in the welding seam crystallization process and the subsequent welding thermal cycle process.
Further, in step 5 and step 7, the method for judging and evaluating the weld metal strengthening mechanism includes:
measuring the grain sizes of different characteristic areas by adopting a line intercept method;
under a transmission electron microscope, selecting more than 10 fields at random in the selected weld joint characteristic region, and analyzing the average size and distribution characteristics of second phase particles;
detecting a phase analysis spectrum and a lattice constant of a region to be detected based on an X-ray diffraction test, calculating dislocation density of the region to be detected, and analyzing the contribution of dislocation reinforcement to the weld strength;
observing dislocation distribution characteristics by adopting a high-resolution transmission electron microscope test;
and calculating the matrix phase solute atomic concentration according to the lattice constant, and evaluating the solid solution strengthening effect.
Further, step 9 comprises:
optimizing mechanical vibration technological parameters matched with welding technological parameters;
establishing mapping from welding process parameters and mechanical vibration process parameters to welding seam mechanical properties to obtain the optimal combination of the welding process parameters and the vibration process parameters;
and regulating and controlling the microstructure property of the welding seam and the distribution of welding residual stress based on the optimal combination of welding process parameters and vibration process parameters.
In summary, the following steps: based on the nonuniformity characteristics of a narrow-gap MIG multi-layer multi-channel weld, a weld metal strengthening mechanism and a multi-layer multi-channel weld residual stress forming mechanism, the invention realizes the structure and performance regulation of the thick plate Al-Zn-Mg-Cu series alloy narrow-gap MIG multi-layer multi-channel weld by adjusting the welding thermal cycle and mechanical vibration.
The invention establishes a novel columnar Gaussian heat source model for numerically simulating a response field of a thick plate narrow gap welding process, calculates a temperature field of a multilayer and multichannel welding process to obtain a thermal cycle rule inside a joint, and verifies the accuracy of a numerical calculation result by adopting an infrared temperature measurement experimental method; based on the influence of the three-dimensional temperature field change rule of the thick plate Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy single-side welding process on the tissue characteristics and the mechanical property of a welding joint, a foundation is provided for regulating and controlling the tissue and the mechanical property of the thick plate joint; the nonuniformity of the mechanical properties of the multilayer multi-channel welding seam of the thick plate and the mechanism of joint softening are disclosed, and a foundation is provided for predicting and preventing joint failure. The method comprises the following key technical contents:
1) establishing internal connection between multilayer multi-pass welding thermal cycle and weld microstructure evolution
And combining numerical simulation and experimental measurement, the heat cycle characteristic curve of any point in the welding seam can be obtained. The microstructure inside the welding seam adopts advanced detection and analysis means such as SEM, EDS, HR-TEM and the like to complete accurate analysis of the welding seam structure; the intrinsic relationship between the thermal cycling law and the structure evolution can be established by means of the thermodynamics and kinetics of the weld crystallization.
2) Intrinsic connection of weld microstructure and mechanical properties
According to the L.Vigard law, the lattice constant of the solid solution and the concentration of solute atoms are in a linear relation, so that the lattice constant and the concentration of solute atoms can be obtained through a micro-area XRD detection result. Average grain size d of XRD coherent diffraction zoneXRDLattice strain<e>Width at half maximum delta 2 theta, peak position at maximum of each diffraction peak theta0The relationship between the X-ray wavelengths λ is shown as function (2):
linear regression analysis (delta 2 theta)2/tan2θ0And (δ 2 θ)/(tan θ)0sinθ0) The relationship between d can be foundXRDAnd<e>. Average grain size d of XRD coherent diffraction zoneXRDAnd average lattice strain<e2>1/2Calculating the dislocation density, as shown in formula (3),
based on the results of the investigation of solute-derived concentration, dislocation density, weld grain size and second phase particle size and distribution, the mechanical property evaluation based on weld microstructure can be obtained by combining formula (1).
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A welding seam structure performance regulation and control method based on welding thermal cycle and mechanical vibration is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, obtaining a welding heat cycle rule and a weld joint residual force evolution process by adopting a numerical simulation method based on an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu series aluminum alloy narrow-gap MIG welding heat source model and a material constitutive model;
step 2, based on the obtained welding heat cycle law and the evolution process of the residual force of the welding seam, obtaining an influence law of welding process parameters on welding heat cycle characteristics, an influence law of welding heat cycle on residual stress evolution, subsequent welding heat cycle characteristics and crystallization welding heat cycle characteristics;
step 3, obtaining a welding process parameter adjusting weld joint residual stress mechanism based on an influence rule of welding process parameters on welding heat cycle characteristics and an influence rule of welding heat cycles on residual stress evolution;
step 4, obtaining the heterogeneity characteristic of the microstructure of the welding seam based on the crystalline structure characteristic of the welding seam and the microstructure characteristic after subsequent welding heat circulation, and judging and evaluating a metal strengthening mechanism of the welding seam;
step 5, obtaining a welding heat cycle regulation and control weld structure performance mechanism by combining the judgment and evaluation results of a weld metal strengthening mechanism based on the subsequent welding heat cycle characteristics, the crystallization welding heat cycle characteristics and the weld microstructure heterogeneity characteristics;
step 6, based on the mechanical property characteristics of the multilayer multi-channel welding seam, obtaining the mechanical property nonuniformity characteristics of the welding seam and weak links of the welding seam and the mechanical property, and optimizing welding process parameters;
step 7, obtaining a mechanical vibration regulation and control weld joint structure performance mechanism by combining the judgment and evaluation results of a weld joint metal strengthening mechanism based on the influence rule of mechanical vibration on the weld joint crystalline structure and the influence rule of mechanical vibration on the microstructure in the subsequent welding process;
step 8, obtaining a mechanism for adjusting the residual stress of the welding line by mechanical vibration based on the relationship between dislocation and the residual stress;
and 9, regulating the residual stress mechanism of the welding seam, regulating the structural performance mechanism of the welding seam through welding thermal circulation, regulating the structural performance mechanism of the welding seam through mechanical vibration and regulating the residual stress mechanism of the welding seam through mechanical vibration, and regulating the microstructure performance and the welding residual stress distribution of the welding seam based on the obtained welding process parameters.
2. The weld joint structure performance regulating method based on the welding thermal cycle and the mechanical vibration as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the step 1 specifically comprises the following steps:
①, constructing a single-sided narrow-gap MIG multilayer multi-pass welded columnar Gaussian heat source model, optimizing the heat source model by referring to the measured value of the morphological characteristic parameter of the molten pool, and obtaining the error of the calculation result of the morphological characteristic parameter of the molten pool;
②, establishing constitutive equations of welding filling materials and welding base materials, wherein in the setting of the constitutive equations of welding seams and base materials, the relationship among stress, strain rate and temperature is represented by modified constitutive equations, and parameters in the equations are determined according to the test result of high-temperature tensile mechanical properties;
③, establishing a three-dimensional finite element model for numerically simulating welding heat cycle and welding residual stress evolution in the forming process of the multilayer multi-pass welding seam;
④, simulating the thermal cycle process and residual stress evolution process of each welding bead under the condition of multilayer multi-pass welding with different process parameters by adopting a numerical simulation method, and establishing a mapping from the welding process parameters to the peak temperature and average cooling rate of the welding thermal cycle curve in the crystallization process, and the peak temperature and residual stress distribution in the subsequent welding thermal cycle process;
⑤ analyzing the influence rule of the subsequent welding heat circulation on the welding residual stress of the finished welding seam according to the welding heat circulation process of the bottom, the middle and the upper parts of the welding seam and the evolution process of the welding stress and the strain.
3. The weld joint structure performance regulating method based on the welding thermal cycle and the mechanical vibration as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the step 1 further comprises:
adjusting process parameters, and extracting welding thermal cycle curves of different characteristic regions and residual stress evolution curves of different characteristic regions in the welding joint;
and detecting the accuracy of the simulation result by adopting an infrared high-temperature camera, an X-ray method and a pinhole method.
4. The weld joint structure performance regulating method based on the welding thermal cycle and the mechanical vibration as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: and 4, the weld crystalline structure characteristics and the microstructure characteristics after subsequent welding thermal cycle comprise grain size, second phase particle size and density, solid solution matrix phase solute concentration, dislocation configuration and density and element distribution characteristics.
5. The weld joint structure performance regulating method based on the welding thermal cycle and the mechanical vibration as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: and 4, the weld joint microstructure heterogeneity characteristics in the step 4 comprise the difference of microstructures among the bottom, the middle and the upper part of the weld joint, the difference between the middle and the near-fusion zone of the weld joint and the difference between layers.
6. The weld joint structure performance regulating method based on the welding thermal cycle and the mechanical vibration as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: and 6, the welding seam mechanical property nonuniformity characteristics comprise a welding seam cross section microhardness distribution rule, static tensile mechanical properties of upper, middle and bottom laminated slice samples of the welding seam, tensile fracture morphology characteristics and an element distribution rule.
7. The weld joint structure performance regulating method based on the welding thermal cycle and the mechanical vibration as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the step 6 comprises the following steps:
analyzing the composition and distribution characteristics of the weld metal phase by adopting a metallographic test, a scanning electron microscope test, an X-ray energy spectrum analysis, an X-ray diffraction test and a high-resolution transmission electron microscope test;
detecting microhardness distribution by using a microhardness meter, and detecting mechanical properties by using a static tensile test;
and obtaining a multi-layer multi-channel welding seam weak link in mechanical property by adopting a fracture analysis method.
8. The weld joint structure performance regulating method based on the welding thermal cycle and the mechanical vibration as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: and 7, the rule of the influence of the mechanical vibration on the welding seam crystalline structure and the rule of the influence of the mechanical vibration on the microstructure in the subsequent welding process comprise:
and (3) the rule of influence of mechanical vibration on crystal grain nucleation and growth, second phase precipitation and dislocation distribution in the welding seam crystallization process and the subsequent welding thermal cycle process.
9. The weld joint structure performance regulating method based on the welding thermal cycle and the mechanical vibration as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in step 5 and step 7, the method for judging and evaluating the weld metal strengthening mechanism comprises the following steps:
measuring the grain sizes of different characteristic areas by adopting a line intercept method;
under a transmission electron microscope, selecting more than 10 fields at random in the selected weld joint characteristic region, and analyzing the average size and distribution characteristics of second phase particles;
detecting a phase analysis spectrum and a lattice constant of a region to be detected based on an X-ray diffraction test, calculating dislocation density of the region to be detected, and analyzing the contribution of dislocation reinforcement to the weld strength;
observing dislocation distribution characteristics by adopting a high-resolution transmission electron microscope test;
and calculating the matrix phase solute atomic concentration according to the lattice constant, and evaluating the solid solution strengthening effect.
10. The weld joint structure performance regulating method based on the welding thermal cycle and the mechanical vibration as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the step 9 comprises:
optimizing mechanical vibration technological parameters matched with welding technological parameters;
establishing mapping from welding process parameters and mechanical vibration process parameters to welding seam mechanical properties to obtain the optimal combination of the welding process parameters and the vibration process parameters;
and regulating and controlling the microstructure property of the welding seam and the distribution of welding residual stress based on the optimal combination of welding process parameters and vibration process parameters.
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| CN112643176A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-04-13 | 新兴际华集团有限公司 | Method for regulating and controlling structure performance of MIG (metal-inert gas) multilayer multi-channel weld joint with narrow spacing of high-strength aluminum alloy |
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