CN111037144B - Method for regulating and controlling weld joint structure performance and residual stress based on mechanical vibration - Google Patents
Method for regulating and controlling weld joint structure performance and residual stress based on mechanical vibration Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for regulating and controlling the properties and residual stress of a welding seam structure based on mechanical vibration, which comprises the following steps: step 1, obtaining a mechanical vibration regulation and control weld joint structure performance mechanism by combining judgment and evaluation results of a weld joint metal strengthening mechanism based on an influence rule of mechanical vibration on a weld joint crystalline structure and an influence rule of mechanical vibration on a microstructure in a subsequent welding process; step 2, obtaining a mechanism of adjusting the residual stress of the welding line by mechanical vibration based on the relationship between dislocation and the residual stress; and 3, regulating the microstructure performance of the welding line and the distribution of the welding residual stress by combining the welding process parameter regulation welding residual stress mechanism and the welding heat cycle regulation welding line structure performance mechanism based on the mechanical vibration regulation welding line structure performance mechanism and the mechanical vibration regulation welding line residual stress mechanism. The invention can ensure the effect of regulating and controlling the structure performance of the welding seam.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-strength aluminum alloy welding, and particularly relates to a method for regulating and controlling the structure performance and residual stress of a welding line based on mechanical vibration.
Background
Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy is an aluminum alloy structural material with highest strength at room temperature, and is widely applied to various fields of ship manufacturing, military equipment, traffic and transportation engineering and the like which concern China and civilian life. Along with the improvement of the light weight level and the technological content of equipment, the demand of the series of aluminum alloy materials is increased day by day, and the number of retired structural members of the series of alloy is increased day by day, so that the manufacturing and remanufacturing technology of the series of alloy has wide application prospect and must generate huge social and economic benefits. The technologies of connecting, preventing abrasion, preventing corrosion covering or repairing mechanical parts by using a welding method are collectively called as maintenance welding technologies. The thick plate high-strength aluminum alloy repair welding requires high energy utilization rate, high efficiency, portable equipment, low cost, good welding accessibility and simple control. The narrow-gap consumable electrode gas shielded welding is particularly suitable for assembly welding, maintenance welding and rapid welding forming manufacturing of thick plate aluminum alloy structural parts, and when the thick plate welding working condition is limited to single-side welding, single-side narrow-gap MIG multi-layer multi-pass welding is often preferred.
The performance regulation and control of the thick plate multilayer multi-pass welding joint must be based on the welding thermal cycle process research, the welding material design, the joint mechanical property evaluation and the joint tissue evolution theory.
The complex welding thermal cycle law is the basic attribute of a multilayer multi-pass welded joint, and the attribute necessarily causes the difference of organization characteristics among different thermal cycle characteristic areas in the joint. Even if the same thermal cycle characteristic region, such as a welding seam region, the subsequent welding pass carries out uneven repeated heating on the finished welding seam, so that the dilution rate, the grain size, the distribution characteristic of the strengthening phase and the like of the welding seam region all show unevenness along the plate thickness direction, and the difference of the mechanical property of the welding seam along the plate thickness direction is caused. The nonuniformity of the mechanical properties of the welding seam metal increases the difficulty of judging weak links of the joint and regulating and controlling the mechanical properties.
The condition of postweld heat treatment is often not provided after the maintenance and welding of the thick plate high-strength aluminum alloy. The periodical mechanical excitation force is applied to the welding piece in the welding process, so that the nucleation quantity in the crystallization process can be increased, and dendritic crystals are broken, and the effect of refining the structure is achieved; dislocation slip and annihilation can also be promoted, thereby reducing welding residual stress. In the welding seam crystallization process and the subsequent welding heat cycle process, the mechanical vibration technological parameters matched with the welding heat cycle conditions are the precondition for realizing the regulation and control of the welding seam structure performance, and the combination of the welding and mechanical vibration technological parameters needs to be optimized to ensure the regulation and control effect of the welding seam structure performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for regulating and controlling the structure performance and the residual stress of a welding seam based on mechanical vibration, so as to solve the technical problems.
The invention provides a method for regulating and controlling the structure performance and the residual stress of a welding seam based on mechanical vibration, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, obtaining a mechanical vibration regulation and control weld joint structure performance mechanism by combining judgment and evaluation results of a weld joint metal strengthening mechanism based on an influence rule of mechanical vibration on a weld joint crystalline structure and an influence rule of mechanical vibration on a microstructure in a subsequent welding process;
step 2, obtaining a mechanism of adjusting the residual stress of the welding line by mechanical vibration based on the relationship between dislocation and the residual stress;
and 3, regulating the microstructure performance of the welding seam and the distribution of the welding residual stress by combining welding process parameters and welding thermal circulation based on a mechanical vibration regulation and control welding seam structure performance mechanism and a mechanical vibration regulation and control welding seam residual stress mechanism.
Further, in step 1, the rule of the influence of the mechanical vibration on the weld crystallized structure and the rule of the influence of the mechanical vibration on the microstructure in the subsequent welding process include:
and (3) the rule of influence of mechanical vibration on crystal grain nucleation and growth, second phase precipitation and dislocation distribution in the welding seam crystallization process and the subsequent welding thermal cycle process.
Further, in step 1, the method for judging and evaluating the weld metal strengthening mechanism includes:
measuring the grain sizes of different characteristic areas by adopting a line intercept method;
under a transmission electron microscope, selecting more than 10 fields at random in the selected weld joint characteristic region, and analyzing the average size and distribution characteristics of second phase particles;
detecting a phase analysis spectrum and a lattice constant of a region to be detected based on an X-ray diffraction test, calculating dislocation density of the region to be detected, and analyzing the contribution of dislocation reinforcement to the weld strength;
observing dislocation distribution characteristics by adopting a high-resolution transmission electron microscope test;
and calculating the matrix phase solute atomic concentration according to the lattice constant, and evaluating the solid solution strengthening effect.
Further, the step 3 comprises:
optimizing mechanical vibration technological parameters matched with welding technological parameters;
establishing a mapping from welding process parameters and mechanical vibration process parameters to welding seam mechanical properties to obtain an optimal combination of the welding process parameters and the vibration process parameters;
and regulating and controlling the microstructure performance of the welding line and the distribution of welding residual stress based on the optimal combination of welding process parameters and vibration process parameters.
Further, the welding process parameter adjusting weld residual stress mechanism and the welding thermal cycle adjusting weld structure performance mechanism are obtained according to the following methods:
1) based on an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy narrow-gap MIG welding heat source model and a material constitutive model, obtaining a welding heat cycle rule and a weld joint residual force evolution process by adopting a numerical simulation method;
2) based on the obtained welding heat cycle rule and the evolution process of the residual force of the welding seam, obtaining an influence rule of welding process parameters on welding heat cycle characteristics, an influence rule of welding heat cycle on residual stress evolution, subsequent welding heat cycle characteristics and crystallization welding heat cycle characteristics;
3) and obtaining a welding process parameter adjusting weld joint residual stress mechanism based on the influence rule of the welding process parameter on the welding heat cycle characteristic and the influence rule of the welding heat cycle on the residual stress evolution.
4) Based on the weld crystalline structure characteristics and the microstructure characteristics after subsequent welding thermal cycle, obtaining weld microstructure nonuniformity characteristics, and judging and evaluating a weld metal strengthening mechanism;
5) based on the subsequent welding thermal cycle characteristics, the crystallization welding thermal cycle characteristics and the welding seam microstructure heterogeneity characteristics, the welding thermal cycle regulation and control welding seam structure performance mechanism is obtained by combining the judgment and evaluation results of the welding seam metal strengthening mechanism;
6) based on the mechanical property characteristics of the multilayer multi-channel welding line, the non-uniformity characteristics of the mechanical property of the welding line and the weak links of the mechanical property of the welding line are obtained, and the welding process parameters are optimized.
Further, the step 1) comprises:
constructing a single-sided narrow-gap MIG multi-layer multi-pass welded columnar Gaussian heat source model, optimizing the heat source model by referring to the measured value of the molten pool morphological characteristic parameter, and obtaining the error of the calculation result of the molten pool morphological characteristic parameter;
establishing constitutive equations of welding filling materials and welding base materials, wherein in the setting of the constitutive equations of welding seams and base materials, the relationship among stress, strain rate and temperature is represented by adopting a modified constitutive equation, and each parameter in the equations is determined according to the test result of high-temperature tensile mechanical properties;
establishing a three-dimensional finite element model for numerically simulating welding thermal cycle and welding residual stress evolution in the forming process of the multilayer multi-channel welding seam;
simulating the thermal cycle process and the residual stress evolution process of each welding bead under the condition of different process parameters of multilayer and multi-pass welding by adopting a numerical simulation method, and establishing mapping from the welding process parameters to the peak temperature and the average cooling rate of a welding thermal cycle curve in the crystallization process, and the peak temperature and the distribution of the welding residual stress in the subsequent welding thermal cycle process;
and analyzing the influence rule of the subsequent welding heat circulation on the welding residual stress of the finished weld according to the welding heat circulation process of the bottom, the middle and the upper parts of the weld and the evolution process of the welding stress and the strain.
Further, the step 1) further comprises:
adjusting process parameters, and extracting welding thermal cycle curves of different characteristic regions and residual stress evolution curves of different characteristic regions in the welding joint;
and detecting the accuracy of the simulation result by adopting an infrared high-temperature camera, an X-ray method and a pinhole method.
Further, in the step 4), the weld crystalline structure characteristics and the microstructure characteristics after the subsequent welding thermal cycle comprise grain size, second phase grain size and density, solid solution matrix phase solute concentration, dislocation configuration and density, and element distribution characteristics; the weld microstructure inhomogeneity characteristics include a difference in microstructure between a bottom, middle, and upper portion of the weld, a difference between a middle and near-fusion zone of the weld, and an inter-layer difference.
Further, in the step 6), the weld mechanical property nonuniformity characteristics include a weld cross section microhardness distribution rule, static tensile mechanical properties of upper, middle and bottom laminate slice samples of the weld, tensile fracture morphology characteristics and an element distribution rule.
Further, the step 6) includes:
analyzing the composition and distribution characteristics of the weld metal phase by adopting a metallographic test, a scanning electron microscope test, an X-ray energy spectrum analysis, an X-ray diffraction test and a high-resolution transmission electron microscope test;
detecting microhardness distribution by using a microhardness meter, and detecting mechanical properties by using a static tensile test;
and obtaining a multi-layer multi-channel welding seam weak link in mechanical property by adopting a fracture analysis method.
By means of the scheme, the method for regulating and controlling the structural performance and the residual stress of the welding seam based on the mechanical vibration can ensure the regulating and controlling effect of the structural performance of the welding seam.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood and to implement them in accordance with the contents of the description, the following detailed description is given with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for regulating weld properties and residual stress based on mechanical vibration according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the embodiment provides a method for regulating and controlling weld joint structure performance and residual stress based on mechanical vibration, which includes the following steps:
step S1, based on the rule of the influence of mechanical vibration on the weld crystalline structure and the rule of the influence of mechanical vibration on the microstructure in the subsequent welding process, the judgment and evaluation results of the weld metal strengthening mechanism are combined to obtain the mechanical vibration regulation weld structure performance mechanism;
step S2, obtaining a mechanism of adjusting the residual stress of the welding seam by mechanical vibration based on the relationship between dislocation and residual stress;
and step S3, regulating the microstructure property and the welding residual stress distribution of the welding seam based on the mechanism of regulating the welding seam structure property by mechanical vibration and the mechanism of regulating the welding seam residual stress by mechanical vibration and by combining the welding process parameter regulation welding seam residual stress mechanism and the welding thermal cycle regulation welding seam structure property mechanism.
In this embodiment, in step S1, the rule of the influence of the mechanical vibration on the weld crystallized structure and the rule of the influence of the mechanical vibration on the microstructure in the subsequent welding process include:
and (3) the rule of influence of mechanical vibration on crystal grain nucleation and growth, second phase precipitation and dislocation distribution in the welding seam crystallization process and the subsequent welding thermal cycle process.
In this embodiment, in step S1, the method for determining and evaluating the weld metal strengthening mechanism includes:
measuring the grain sizes of different characteristic areas by adopting a line intercept method;
under a transmission electron microscope, randomly selecting more than 10 fields of view from the selected weld characteristic region, and analyzing the average size and distribution characteristics of second phase particles;
detecting a phase analysis spectrum and a lattice constant of a region to be detected based on an X-ray diffraction test, calculating dislocation density of the region to be detected, and analyzing the contribution of dislocation reinforcement to the weld strength;
observing dislocation distribution characteristics by adopting a high-resolution transmission electron microscope test;
and calculating the matrix phase solute atomic concentration according to the lattice constant, and evaluating the solid solution strengthening effect.
In this embodiment, the step S3 includes:
optimizing mechanical vibration technological parameters matched with welding technological parameters;
establishing mapping from welding process parameters and mechanical vibration process parameters to welding seam mechanical properties to obtain the optimal combination of the welding process parameters and the vibration process parameters;
and regulating and controlling the microstructure property of the welding seam and the distribution of welding residual stress based on the optimal combination of welding process parameters and vibration process parameters.
In this embodiment, the welding process parameter adjustment weld residual stress mechanism and the welding thermal cycle adjustment weld structure performance mechanism are obtained according to the following methods:
1) based on an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy narrow-gap MIG welding heat source model and a material constitutive model, obtaining a welding heat cycle rule and a weld joint residual force evolution process by adopting a numerical simulation method;
2) based on the obtained welding heat cycle rule and the evolution process of the residual force of the welding seam, obtaining an influence rule of welding process parameters on welding heat cycle characteristics, an influence rule of welding heat cycle on residual stress evolution, subsequent welding heat cycle characteristics and crystallization welding heat cycle characteristics;
3) and obtaining a welding process parameter adjusting weld joint residual stress mechanism based on the influence rule of the welding process parameter on the welding heat cycle characteristic and the influence rule of the welding heat cycle on the residual stress evolution.
4) Based on the weld crystalline structure characteristics and the microstructure characteristics after subsequent welding thermal cycle, obtaining weld microstructure nonuniformity characteristics, and judging and evaluating a weld metal strengthening mechanism;
5) based on the subsequent welding thermal cycle characteristics, the crystallization welding thermal cycle characteristics and the welding seam microstructure heterogeneity characteristics, the welding thermal cycle regulation and control welding seam structure performance mechanism is obtained by combining the judgment and evaluation results of the welding seam metal strengthening mechanism;
6) based on the mechanical property characteristics of the multilayer multi-channel welding line, the non-uniformity characteristics of the mechanical property of the welding line and the weak links of the mechanical property of the welding line are obtained, and the welding process parameters are optimized.
In this embodiment, the step 1) includes:
constructing a single-side narrow-gap MIG multi-layer multi-pass welded columnar Gaussian heat source model, optimizing the heat source model by referring to the measured value of the shape characteristic parameter of the molten pool, and obtaining the error of the calculation result of the shape characteristic parameter of the molten pool;
establishing constitutive equations of welding filling materials and welding base materials, wherein in the setting of the constitutive equations of welding seams and base materials, the relationship among stress, strain rate and temperature is represented by adopting a modified constitutive equation, and each parameter in the equations is determined according to the test result of high-temperature tensile mechanical properties;
establishing a three-dimensional finite element model for numerically simulating welding thermal cycle and welding residual stress evolution in the forming process of the multilayer multi-channel welding seam;
simulating the thermal cycle process and the residual stress evolution process of each welding bead under the condition of different process parameters of multilayer and multi-pass welding by adopting a numerical simulation method, and establishing mapping from the welding process parameters to the peak temperature and the average cooling rate of a welding thermal cycle curve in the crystallization process, and the peak temperature and the distribution of the welding residual stress in the subsequent welding thermal cycle process;
and analyzing the influence rule of the subsequent welding thermal cycle on the welding residual stress of the finished welding seam according to the welding thermal cycle process of the bottom, the middle and the upper parts of the welding seam and the evolution process of the welding stress and the strain.
In this embodiment, the step 1) further includes:
adjusting process parameters, and extracting welding thermal cycle curves of different characteristic regions and residual stress evolution curves of different characteristic regions in the welding joint;
and detecting the accuracy of the simulation result by adopting an infrared high-temperature camera, an X-ray method and a pinhole method.
In this embodiment, in step 4), the weld crystalline structure characteristics and the microstructure characteristics after the subsequent welding thermal cycle include grain size, second phase grain size and density, solid solution matrix phase solute concentration, dislocation configuration and density, and element distribution characteristics; the weld microstructure inhomogeneity characteristics include a difference in microstructure between a bottom, middle, and upper portion of the weld, a difference between a middle and near-fusion zone of the weld, and an inter-layer difference.
In this embodiment, in step 6), the weld mechanical property nonuniformity characteristics include a weld cross-section microhardness distribution rule, static tensile mechanical properties of upper, middle and bottom laminate slice samples of the weld, a tensile fracture morphology characteristic, and an element distribution rule.
In this embodiment, the step 6) includes:
analyzing the composition and distribution characteristics of the weld metal phase by adopting a metallographic test, a scanning electron microscope test, an X-ray energy spectrum analysis, an X-ray diffraction test and a high-resolution transmission electron microscope test;
detecting microhardness distribution by using a microhardness meter, and detecting mechanical properties by using a static tensile test;
and obtaining the multi-layer multi-channel welding seam weak link in mechanical property by adopting a fracture analysis method.
Based on the nonuniformity characteristics of a narrow-gap MIG multi-layer multi-channel welding seam, a welding seam metal strengthening mechanism and a multi-layer multi-channel welding seam residual stress forming mechanism, the invention realizes the structure and performance regulation and control of the narrow-gap MIG multi-layer multi-channel welding seam of the thick plate Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy by adjusting the welding thermal cycle and the mechanical vibration.
The invention establishes a novel columnar Gaussian heat source model for numerically simulating a response field of a thick plate narrow gap welding process, calculates a temperature field of a multilayer and multichannel welding process to obtain a thermal cycle rule inside a joint, and verifies the accuracy of a numerical calculation result by adopting an infrared temperature measurement experimental method; based on the influence of the three-dimensional temperature field change rule of the thick plate Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy single-side welding process on the tissue characteristics and the mechanical property of a welding joint, a foundation is provided for regulating and controlling the tissue and the mechanical property of the thick plate joint; the non-uniformity of the mechanical properties of the multilayer multi-pass welding seam of the thick plate and the softening mechanism of the joint are disclosed, and a foundation is provided for predicting and preventing the joint from failing. The method comprises the following key technical contents:
1) establishing internal connection between multilayer multi-pass welding thermal cycle and weld microstructure evolution
And combining numerical simulation and experimental measurement, the heat cycle characteristic curve of any point in the welding seam can be obtained. The microstructure inside the welding seam adopts advanced detection and analysis means such as SEM, EDS, HR-TEM and the like to complete the accurate analysis of the weld seam structure; the intrinsic relationship between the thermal cycling law and the structure evolution can be established by means of the thermodynamics and kinetics of the weld crystallization.
2) Intrinsic connection of weld microstructure and mechanical properties
According to the L.Vigard law, the lattice constant of the solid solution and the concentration of solute atoms are in a linear relation, so that the lattice constant and the concentration of solute atoms can be obtained through a micro-area XRD detection result. Average grain size d of XRD coherent diffraction zone XRD Lattice strain<e>Width of half height peak delta 2 theta, and peak position theta of each diffraction peak 0 The relationship between the X-ray wavelengths λ is as described in function (2):
linear regression analysis (delta 2 theta) 2 /tan 2 θ 0 And (δ 2 θ)/(tan θ) 0 sinθ 0 ) The relationship between d can be found XRD And<e>. Average grain size d of XRD coherent diffraction region XRD And average lattice strain<e 2 > 1/2 Calculating the dislocation density, as shown in formula (3),
based on the results of the studies on solute-derived concentration, dislocation density, weld grain size, and second phase particle size and distribution, combined equation (1) allows mechanical property evaluation based on weld microstructure to be obtained.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, many modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for regulating and controlling the properties and residual stress of a weld joint tissue based on mechanical vibration is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, obtaining a mechanical vibration regulation and control weld joint structure performance mechanism by combining judgment and evaluation results of a weld joint metal strengthening mechanism based on an influence rule of mechanical vibration on a weld joint crystalline structure and an influence rule of mechanical vibration on a microstructure in a subsequent welding process;
the rule of the influence of the mechanical vibration on the welding seam crystalline structure and the rule of the influence of the mechanical vibration on the microstructure in the subsequent welding process comprise the following steps:
the law of influence of mechanical vibration on crystal grain nucleation and growth, second phase precipitation and dislocation distribution in the welding seam crystallization process and the subsequent welding thermal cycle process;
the method for judging and evaluating the weld metal strengthening mechanism comprises the following steps:
measuring the grain sizes of different characteristic areas by adopting a line intercept method;
under a transmission electron microscope, selecting more than 10 fields at random in the selected weld joint characteristic region, and analyzing the average size and distribution characteristics of second phase particles;
detecting a phase analysis spectrum and a lattice constant of a region to be detected based on an X-ray diffraction test, calculating dislocation density of the region to be detected, and analyzing the contribution of dislocation reinforcement to the weld strength;
observing dislocation distribution characteristics by adopting a high-resolution transmission electron microscope test;
calculating the matrix phase solute atomic concentration according to the lattice constant, and evaluating the solid solution strengthening effect;
step 2, obtaining a mechanism of adjusting the residual stress of the welding line by mechanical vibration based on the relationship between dislocation and the residual stress;
step 3, regulating and controlling the microstructure performance and the welding residual stress distribution of the welding seam based on a mechanism of regulating and controlling the structure performance of the welding seam by mechanical vibration and a mechanism of regulating the welding seam residual stress by mechanical vibration in combination with a welding process parameter and a welding thermal cycle, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
optimizing mechanical vibration technological parameters matched with welding technological parameters;
establishing mapping from welding process parameters and mechanical vibration process parameters to welding seam mechanical properties to obtain the optimal combination of the welding process parameters and the vibration process parameters;
regulating and controlling the microstructure performance of the welding line and the distribution of welding residual stress based on the optimal combination of welding process parameters and vibration process parameters;
the welding process parameter adjusting weld residual stress mechanism and the welding thermal cycle adjusting weld structure performance mechanism are obtained according to the following methods:
1) based on an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy narrow-gap MIG welding heat source model and a material constitutive model, a numerical simulation method is adopted to obtain a welding heat cycle rule and a welding seam residual force evolution process, and the method comprises the following steps:
constructing a single-sided narrow-gap MIG multi-layer multi-pass welded columnar Gaussian heat source model, optimizing the heat source model by referring to the measured value of the molten pool morphological characteristic parameter, and obtaining the error of the calculation result of the molten pool morphological characteristic parameter;
establishing constitutive equations of welding filling materials and welding base materials, wherein in the setting of the constitutive equations of welding seams and base materials, the relationship among stress, strain rate and temperature is represented by adopting a modified constitutive equation, and each parameter in the equations is determined according to the test result of high-temperature tensile mechanical properties;
establishing a three-dimensional finite element model for numerically simulating welding thermal cycle and welding residual stress evolution in the forming process of the multilayer multi-channel welding seam;
simulating the thermal cycle process and the residual stress evolution process of each welding bead under the conditions of different process parameters of multilayer multi-pass welding by adopting a numerical simulation method, and establishing mapping from welding process parameters to the peak temperature and the average cooling rate of a welding thermal cycle curve in the crystallization process, and the peak temperature and the distribution of the welding residual stress in the subsequent welding thermal cycle process;
analyzing the influence rule of the subsequent welding heat circulation on the welding residual stress of the finished weld according to the welding heat circulation process of the bottom, the middle and the upper parts of the weld and the evolution process of the welding stress and the strain;
adjusting process parameters, and extracting welding thermal cycle curves of different characteristic regions and residual stress evolution curves of different characteristic regions in the welding joint;
detecting the accuracy of the simulation result by adopting an infrared high-temperature camera, an X-ray method and a pinhole method;
2) based on the obtained welding heat cycle rule and the evolution process of the residual force of the welding seam, obtaining an influence rule of welding process parameters on welding heat cycle characteristics, an influence rule of welding heat cycle on residual stress evolution, subsequent welding heat cycle characteristics and crystallization welding heat cycle characteristics;
3) obtaining a welding process parameter adjusting weld joint residual stress mechanism based on an influence rule of welding process parameters on welding heat cycle characteristics and an influence rule of welding heat cycles on residual stress evolution;
4) based on the weld crystalline structure characteristics and the microstructure characteristics after subsequent welding thermal cycle, obtaining weld microstructure nonuniformity characteristics, and judging and evaluating a weld metal strengthening mechanism; the weld crystalline texture characteristics and the microstructure characteristics after subsequent welding thermal cycle comprise grain size, second phase grain size and density, solid solution matrix phase solute concentration, dislocation configuration and density, and element distribution characteristics; the weld joint microstructure heterogeneity characteristics include microstructure differences at the bottom, middle and upper portions of the weld joint, and microstructure differences between the middle and near-fusion zones of the weld joint and between layers;
5) based on the subsequent welding thermal cycle characteristics, the crystallization welding thermal cycle characteristics and the welding seam microstructure heterogeneity characteristics, the welding thermal cycle regulation and control welding seam structure performance mechanism is obtained by combining the judgment and evaluation results of the welding seam metal strengthening mechanism;
6) based on the mechanical property characteristics of the multilayer multi-channel welding line, the non-uniformity characteristics of the mechanical property of the welding line and the weak links of the mechanical property of the welding line are obtained, and welding process parameters are optimized; the weld mechanical property nonuniformity characteristics comprise a weld cross section microhardness distribution rule, static tensile mechanical properties of slice samples at the upper part, the middle part and the bottom part of the weld, tensile fracture morphology characteristics and an element distribution rule;
the method comprises the following steps:
analyzing the composition and distribution characteristics of the weld metal phase by adopting a metallographic test, a scanning electron microscope test, an X-ray energy spectrum analysis, an X-ray diffraction test and a high-resolution transmission electron microscope test;
detecting microhardness distribution by using a microhardness meter, and detecting mechanical properties by using a static tensile test;
and obtaining a multi-layer multi-channel welding seam weak link in mechanical property by adopting a fracture analysis method.
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| CN112643176A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-04-13 | 新兴际华集团有限公司 | Method for regulating and controlling structure performance of MIG (metal-inert gas) multilayer multi-channel weld joint with narrow spacing of high-strength aluminum alloy |
| TWI802116B (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2023-05-11 | 財團法人金屬工業研究發展中心 | Method for analyzing multi-layer welding and method for evaluating multi-layer welding quality |
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