CN109735843A - It is a kind of increase laser melting coating high hardness alloy thickness degree process and its laser melting coating reparation product - Google Patents
It is a kind of increase laser melting coating high hardness alloy thickness degree process and its laser melting coating reparation product Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The process disclosed by the invention for increasing laser melting coating high hardness alloy thickness degree, stress distribution is obtained by finite element analysis according to technical requirements, and then the cutting line position and size in cladding region are designed, it determines melting and coating process, carries out piecemeal cladding and cutting line cladding filling.The defects of laser melting and coating process of such method can effectively increase alloy layer thickness, be not likely to produce crackle fundamentally improves production efficiency, has huge economic benefit without keeping the temperature process.Under conditions of equal performance, process costs/life of product numeric ratio can be reduced using this process.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Laser Surface Modification Technology fields, and in particular, to a kind of increase laser melting coating high hardness alloy
The process of thickness degree and its product of laser melting coating reparation.
Background technique
Laser melting coating is the laser beam using high-energy density, excellent to obtain by dusty material cladding on the surface of part
A kind of Laser Surface Modification Technology of good mechanical property coating.The liquid alloy that laser beam is formed after melting powder is due to matrix
Material rapid thermally conductive and generate high cooling velocity and quick solidification and crystallization, not only generate secured, good metallurgical bonding,
But also the microscopic structure (i.e. coating microstructure is excellent) of fine uniform is obtained, therefore can get with very excellent mechanical
It can be with wear-resisting, corrosion resisting property surface covering.
Laser melting coating can be divided into Process of Powder Feeding Laser Cladding and preset laser cladding two major classes.Process of Powder Feeding Laser Cladding technique
With the advantages that easy realization automation control, laser energy absorption rate is high, no internal porosity, but dedicated laser melting coating must be used
Spray head, powder feeding mechanism and high power laser, thus equipment cost is high.Meanwhile relative to preset laser cladding technique,
Molded surface is more coarse, needs more post-processing processing.Preset laser cladding, which has, not to be limited by material, is easy to carry out
The advantages that cladding of composite parts powder, simple process, flexible operation.
Laser melting and coating technique refers to the coating material for placing selection on being coated matrix surface in a manner of different fillers,
It is allowed to and matrix surface a thin layer while melting through laser irradiation, and form that dilution is extremely low and and basis material after quickly solidifying
At the surface covering of metallurgical bonding, so that wear-resisting, anti-corrosion, heat-resisting, the anti-oxidant and electric appliance for significantly improving substrate material surface is special
The process of property etc..Due to being used as heat source using laser so that molten metal when solidifying with high temperature gradient, from
And there is biggish internal stress after causing alloy-layer to solidify, and crackle tendency increases, alloy layer process is prepared compared to other melting welding,
Same alloy layer material, there are larger disadvantages in terms of thickness for laser melting and coating process.In order to improve alloy layer thickness, using transition
Layer and preheating insulation are two kinds of more common processes, but both methods still remains respective problem: using transition
Although seeing the thickness for increasing alloy-layer on the method surface of layer, the service life of alloy-layer can not be fundamentally improved；
Although the method for preheating insulation can increase to a certain extent the thickness of alloy-layer, while improve equipment and time cost, drop
Low production efficiency.
It through retrieving, does not find that temporarily the alloy thickness of laser melting coating can be effectively increased and increases processing step, save life
Produce cost, the method for improving production efficiency.
Summary of the invention
Present invention solves the technical problem that being to overcome the deficiencies of existing technologies, a kind of increase laser melting coating high rigidity is provided
The process of alloy layer thickness, a kind of new process that this method is continuously improved based on device intelligence level and is innovated are thought
Road；With to cladding material the number of clad layers and cladding with a thickness of starting point, determine laser melting and coating process scheme according to technical requirements,
Finite element analysis is carried out, stress distribution is obtained by the method for finite element software model analysis；And then determine cladding substrate
The region of material determines the parameter of cutting line；The position for determining cladding region, cutting line and cladding path, first divides cutting line,
The laser melting coating in cladding region is carried out again, finally carries out the filling of cutting line.The laser melting coating of such method, can be according to cladding work
The defects of skill effectively increases alloy layer thickness, is not likely to produce crackle fundamentally improves alloy-layer without keeping the temperature process
Service life improves production efficiency, has huge economic benefit.
The technique side for increasing laser melting coating high hardness alloy thickness degree is utilized another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of
The cladding product of method reparation.Under conditions of equal performance, using this process can reduction process cost and life of product ratio
Value.
Goal of the invention of the invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
A kind of process increasing laser melting coating high hardness alloy thickness degree is disclosed, comprising the following steps:
S1. it is determined according to the number of clad layers and cladding thickness to cladding baseplate material by finite element software model analysis
Alloy-layer stress distribution；
S2. baseplate material cladding region is split according to the stress distribution, determine cutting line position and
Size；Baseplate material surface is set to form cladding block；
S3. melting and coating process is determined；
S4. according to the melting and coating process of step S3, piecemeal cladding is first carried out, then fill to cutting line cladding, completion meets skill
The alloy-layer cladding that art requires.
Further, the finite element software model analysis is carried out by thermodynamics sysweld simulation softward.
Further, the cutting line is a plurality of orthogonal straight line；The cutting line divides the surface of baseplate material
It is cut into bulk of different sizes.
It is further preferred that the width of the cutting line is 2~5mm, the cladding block edge is in " Y type " groove shape.
Further, the melting and coating process uses multilayer cladding, and the cutting line of adjacent two layers cladding block is not overlapped；Even level
Cutting line side ratio odd-level the wide 1~3mm of cutting line side length.
Further, the laser of the melting and coating process selects optical fiber laser, and power is 100~1000W, laser facula
Diameter is 1~5mm, and powder feeder powder sending quantity range is 0~10g/min, and laser melting coating scanning speed is 8~12mm/s, overlapping rate
It is 35%~50%.
Further, it is the TC of 10%~50%WC particle containing mass fraction that the melting and coating process, which selects cladding material,4Powder
End, the granularity of WC particle are 53 μm~150 μm.
Further, the finite element software model analysis specific steps are as follows:
Y1. comprehensively consider the factor shadow of the thermophysical property of cladding material and baseplate material, conduction, convection current and latent heat of phase change
It rings, utilizes the mathematical model of sysweld simulation softward simulated laser cladding；
Y2. mobile 3 D Gauss heat source is loaded by software, and FInite Element is selected to carry out at discretization 3D Gauss heat source
Reason；
Y3. laser melting coating numerical model is established, LOAD FOR is applied, data point are carried out to the mechanics parameter that step Y1 is obtained
Analysis, induction-arrangement obtain systematicness, comprehensive mechanics problem and optimization guiding, form design object；
Y4. according to gained finite element stress analysis as a result, for different zones in product to the difference requirements of mechanical property,
Using the temperature field of finite element analysis software simulating cutting process, heat source motion track is determined, select laser parameter.
Another object of the present invention is to disclose a kind of technique by above-mentioned increase laser melting coating high hardness alloy thickness degree
The cladding product of method laser melting coating reparation.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
Present invention solves the technical problem that being to overcome the deficiencies of existing technologies, a kind of increase laser melting coating high rigidity is provided
The process of alloy layer thickness, a kind of new process that this method is continuously improved based on device intelligence level and is innovated are thought
Road；With to cladding material the number of clad layers and cladding with a thickness of starting point, determine laser melting and coating process scheme according to technical requirements,
Finite element analysis is carried out, stress distribution is obtained by modeling；And then determine the region of cladding baseplate material, determine cutting line
Parameter；The position for determining cladding region, cutting line and cladding path first divides cutting line, then carries out the laser in cladding region
Cladding finally carries out the filling of cutting line.The laser melting coating of such method can effectively increase alloy-layer according to melting and coating process
Thickness, the defects of being not likely to produce crackle, fundamentally improve the service life of alloy-layer without keeping the temperature process, improve production effect
Rate has huge economic benefit.
The present invention will from laser cladding process, molten metal in solidification with high temperature gradient, so as to cause
After alloy-layer solidification there is the problem of biggish internal stress, crackle tendency increases to set out, by modeling analysis, from the molten of internal stress
On the crack-type of coating and cracking direction, cladding path and cladding region are adjusted, in conjunction with the characteristics of planar products, adjusts cladding
Sequentially, it fundamentally solves the cladding demand of laser melting coating high hardness alloy thickness degree, improves the service life of alloy-layer.
The technique side for increasing laser melting coating high hardness alloy thickness degree is utilized another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of
The cladding product of method reparation.Under conditions of equal performance, using this process can reduction process cost and life of product ratio
Value.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is pressing to cladding baseplate material for the process of increase laser melting coating high hardness alloy thickness degree of the invention
Stress distribution be split after schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the cutting line and cladding block of the process of increase laser melting coating high hardness alloy thickness degree of the invention
Structural schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated With reference to embodiment.Wherein, attached drawing only for illustration,
What is indicated is only schematic diagram, rather than pictorial diagram, should not be understood as the limitation to this patent；Reality in order to better illustrate the present invention
Example is applied, the certain components of attached drawing have omission, zoom in or out, and do not represent the size of actual product；To those skilled in the art
For, the omitting of some known structures and their instructions in the attached drawings are understandable.
Embodiment 1
The process of the increase laser melting coating high hardness alloy thickness degree of the present embodiment, comprising the following steps:
S1. it is determined according to the number of clad layers and cladding thickness to cladding baseplate material by finite element software model analysis
Alloy-layer stress distribution；
S2. baseplate material cladding region is split according to the stress distribution, determine cutting line position and
Size；Baseplate material surface is set to form cladding block；
S3. melting and coating process is determined；
S4. according to the melting and coating process of step S3, piecemeal cladding is first carried out, then fill to cutting line cladding, completion meets skill
The alloy-layer cladding that art requires.
Wherein, finite element analysis is carried out by thermodynamics sysweld simulation softward, and finite element analysis passes through Thermodynamic Simulation
Software carries out, the specific step of the finite element analysis are as follows:
Y1. comprehensively consider the factor shadow of the thermophysical property of cladding material and baseplate material, conduction, convection current and latent heat of phase change
It rings, utilizes the mathematical model of sysweld simulation softward simulated laser cladding；Transient state temperature field heat source mould in laser cladding process
The governing equation of type is:
Wherein, ρ is density；cpFor specific heat capacity；K thermal coefficient；Inner heat source intensity (heat and phase including Laser shock loading
Become latent heat)；T is temperature；T is the time.In above-mentioned parameter, ρ, cp, k can occur certain variation with the time.
1) primary condition: when t=0, the temperatures so even of sample, the generally environment temperature of surrounding.
T=T0 (2)
2) boundary condition: the heat exchange of borderline object and surrounding medium:
Wherein, TaFor ambient temperature；TsSpecimen surface temperature；nx、ny、nzFor the boundary cosine of boundary exterior normal；β is
The heat transfer coefficient of total surface: β=βc+βr, wherein βcFor convective heat-transfer coefficient；βrFor radiation heat transfer coefficient.
Y2. mobile 3 D Gauss heat source is loaded by software, and FInite Element is selected to carry out at discretization 3D Gauss heat source
Reason；
The heat flow density expression formula of 3D Gauss heat source model are as follows:
In formula, Q is energy input rate；Q (x, y, z, t) is heat flow of the t moment in the position (x, y, z)；The concentration of heat source
Coefficient；V is cladding speed；τ is the time factor of position of source lag.Powder to laser energy absorption rate range be 85%~
95%, overlapping rate is 40% under normal conditions.
Y3. laser melting coating numerical model is established, LOAD FOR is applied, data point are carried out to the mechanics parameter that step Y1 is obtained
Analysis, induction-arrangement obtain systematicness, comprehensive mechanics problem and optimization guiding, form design object；
(1) foundation of physical model:
Baseplate material material of the TC4 titanium alloy as laser melting coating is selected, TC4 titanium alloy powder mixing WC particle is as laser
The cladding material of cladding, the TC4 titanium alloy chemical component and table 2 of table 1 are TC4 titanium alloy physical property.
Table 1
Table 2
(2) foundation of geometrical model
1) model include upper and lower two parts, model upper layer be powder part, size be 200mm × 100mm ×
0.8mm；Model lower layer is substrate portion, and size is 204mm × 104mm × 10mm.
2) division of network facet is directed in laser melting coating simulation process using such form: in the thickness of base material
Molten bath quasi- selection nearby on direction uses the network of very little；Meanwhile relatively sparse grid is used in the place far from molten bath,
Cladding powder thickness selects 0.8mm, and selects the method for mean allocation to make corresponding division.
It is quasi- to take method of killing activating elements in order to make simulation be consistent with actual process condition when handling laser melting coating simulation,
In modeling, cladding layer is modeled together and carries out grid division；Whole cladding layer powder units are first killed before solving, and are solved
In the process, heat source walk where, the part cladding unit that heat source can cover is activated by, until heat source leaves cladding area.
Apply LOAD FOR, to step Y1 obtain mechanics parameter carry out data analysis, induction-arrangement, obtain systematicness,
Comprehensive mechanics problem and optimization guiding, form design object；
Y4. according to gained finite element stress analysis as a result, for different zones in product to the difference requirements of mechanical property,
Using the temperature field of finite element analysis software simulating cutting process, heat source Gauss moving heat source, heat source motion track is selected
Laser parameter.
The stress distribution obtained by above-mentioned modeling, in the alloy-layer of laser melting coating preparation, in solidification shrinkage stress accounts for
The overwhelming majority of stress, by the way that by the alloy-layer piecemeal cladding region of monolith, each piece of shrinkage stress is given by edge
Release, then every piece of connection is integral, to reduce the internal stress in Integral alloy layer, reduce crackle tendency, Jin Erzeng
Add alloy-layer can cladding thickness.Obtain scanning direction and the direction of internal stress with it is parallel.
According to the number of clad layers and cladding thickness to cladding material, laser is successively carried out to the whole of cladding material to described
Cladding, crack-type and cracking direction according to cladding layer, cutting line is a plurality of orthogonal straight line；The cutting line is by base
The surface segmentation of plate material is at bulk of different sizes.
Melting and coating process uses multilayer cladding, and cladding material is the TC of 10%~50%WC particle containing mass fraction4Powder, WC
The granularity of particle is 53 μm~150 μm.
The cutting line of adjacent two layers cladding block is not overlapped；The cutting line side length of the cutting line side ratio odd-level of even level is wide
1~3mm.The laser of melting and coating process selects optical fiber laser, and power is 100~1000W, and laser spot diameter is 1~5mm,
Powder feeder powder sending quantity range is 0~10g/min, and laser melting coating scanning speed is 8~12mm/s, and overlapping rate is 35%~50%.
Concrete operations are as follows:
1) it determines technological parameter and needs 2 layers of cladding to reach 2mm thickness；
2) determine that internal stress direction is the tensile stress in parallel sweep direction；
3) alloy layer model 200mm*100mm*2mm is established, uniform 8 pieces of 25mm*100mm*2mm are transversely divided into,
Respectively first area, second area ... ..., Section Eight domain；
4) increasing cutting line width is 2mm, and cutting line 2 separates along longitudinal direction, the different size of blocky cutting region of formation
1, cutting line 2 is in groove shape, as shown in Figure 2.In the present embodiment, odd zone cuts that the region to be formed is identical and even number region is cut
Cut that the region to be formed is identical, odd zone is divided into two pieces that area is 1:1, and even number region area is three pieces of 1:2:1；After division
Region entirety central symmetry；Fig. 1 is a part of region of 200mm*100mm*2mm alloy-layer.Its area is 25mm*100mm*
8 pieces of 2mm；And multilayer cladding is used, the cutting line of adjacent two layers cladding block is not overlapped；The cutting line side ratio of even level is odd
Several layers of the wide 1~3mm of cutting line side length, the present embodiment is preferably 2mm, i.e., even level (such as two layers) block cladding side length inside contracts 1mm,
Corresponding even level (such as two layers) cutting line side length extends out 1mm.
5) the cladding path procedure of block and cutting line 2 is generated respectively using software；
6) program is imported into manipulator and carries out two layers piece of cladding according to the parameter determined in 1), then carry out two layers of cutting line
Cladding, using multilayer cladding, the cutting line of adjacent two layers cladding block is not overlapped；The cutting line side ratio odd-level of even level is cut
Wide 1~the 3mm of secant side length, the present embodiment are preferably 2mm, i.e., even level (such as two layers) block cladding side length inside contracts 1mm, corresponding even number
Layer (such as two layers) cutting line side length extends out 1mm.
Such as Fig. 2, the width of the cutting line of the present embodiment is 2~5mm, and preferable width 2mm, cladding block edge is in " Y type "
Groove shape." Y type " groove shape angle is 60 °；The height of cladding block is 2.2mm.
Comparative example 1
By the identical titanium alloy (TC of embodiment 24) plate carry out surface cladding, the particle of 10%WC containing mass fraction with a thickness of
The TC of 2mm4Alloy-layer, wherein the granularity of WC particle is 53 μm~150 μm；TC4Board size is 200mm*100mm*20mm.
Specific melting and coating process are as follows: use identical equipment, identical parameters, road spacing: 0.8mm, laser select optical-fiber laser
Device, power 500W, laser spot diameter are 1~5mm, and powder feeder powder sending quantity range is 5~10g/min, laser melting coating scanning
Speed is 12mm/s, and overlapping rate is 35%~50%.Select TC4Plate is to cladding material, and cladding material is containing mass fraction
The TC of 10%~50%WC particle4Powder, the granularity of WC particle are 53 μm~150 μm.Cladding track is that the unidirectional straight line of sequence is taken
It connects.
Product obtained in embodiment 1 and comparative example 1 is tested for the property, by the measurement of vernier caliper, is being implemented
Same position takes 5 regions to measure in example 1 and the resulting cladding product 1 of comparative example 1 and cladding product 2.Its experimental result
It is shown in Table 3.
Table 3
It places it on wear-resisting experimental machine model MLS-225 type wet type rubber wheel wear tester, titanium alloy substrate
Exemplar production carries out laser melting coating in (sample standard size needed for the equipment) face exemplar 26.5mm*57mm, and powder is to mix WC
The TC4 powder of grain, cladding thickness 2mm.Cladding exemplar and substrate exemplar carry out abrasion comparison, and data see the table below 4.
Table 4
It can be seen from the experiment that the process of increase laser melting coating high hardness alloy thickness degree of the invention can effectively increase
The defects of alloy layer thickness, coating is uniform, is not likely to produce crackle fundamentally improves the use of alloy-layer without keeping the temperature process
Service life improves production efficiency, has huge economic benefit.
It will be apparent from, above-described embodiment is only intended to clearly illustrate technical solution of the present invention example, and is not
It is the restriction to embodiments of the present invention.For those of ordinary skill in the art, on the basis of the above description
It can also make other variations or changes in different ways.There is no necessity and possibility to exhaust all the enbodiments.It is all
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc. within the spirit and principles in the present invention should be included in right of the present invention
It is required that protection scope within.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of process for increasing laser melting coating high hardness alloy thickness degree, which comprises the following steps:
S1. the number of clad layers and cladding thickness of the basis to cladding baseplate material,
By finite element software model analysis, alloy-layer stress distribution is determined；
S2. baseplate material cladding region is split according to the stress distribution, determines position and the size of cutting line；
Baseplate material surface is set to form cladding block；
S3. melting and coating process is determined；
S4. according to the melting and coating process of step S3, piecemeal cladding is first carried out, then fill to cutting line cladding, completion meets technology and wants
The alloy-layer cladding asked.
2. increasing the process of laser melting coating high hardness alloy thickness degree according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Finite element software model analysis is carried out by thermodynamics sysweld simulation softward.
3. increasing the process of laser melting coating high hardness alloy thickness degree according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Cutting line is a plurality of orthogonal straight line；The cutting line is by the surface segmentation of baseplate material at bulk of different sizes.
4. increasing the process of laser melting coating high hardness alloy thickness degree according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Melting and coating process uses multilayer cladding, and the cutting line of adjacent two layers cladding block is not overlapped；The cutting line side ratio odd-level of even level
The wide 1~3mm of cutting line side length.
5. increasing the process of laser melting coating high hardness alloy thickness degree according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
The width of cutting line is 2~5mm, and the cladding block edge is in " Y type " groove shape.
6. increasing the process of laser melting coating high hardness alloy thickness degree according to claim 5, which is characterized in that described
The laser of melting and coating process selects optical fiber laser,
Power is 100~1000W, and laser spot diameter is 1~5mm, and powder feeder powder sending quantity range is 0~10g/min, and laser is molten
Covering scanning speed is 8~12mm/s, and overlapping rate is 35%~50%.
7. increasing the process of laser melting coating high hardness alloy thickness degree according to claim 6, which is characterized in that described
It is the TC of 10%~50%WC particle containing mass fraction that melting and coating process, which selects cladding material,4Powder, the granularity of WC particle are 53 μm
~150 μm.
8. increase the process of laser melting coating high hardness alloy thickness degree described in any one according to claim 1~7, it is special
Sign is, the finite element software model analysis specific steps are as follows:
Y1. comprehensively consider thermophysical property, conduction, convection current and the factor influence of latent heat of phase change of cladding material and baseplate material,
Utilize the mathematical model of sysweld simulation softward simulated laser cladding；
Y2. mobile 3 D Gauss heat source is loaded by software, and FInite Element is selected to carry out sliding-model control to 3D Gauss heat source；
Y3. establish laser melting coating numerical model, apply LOAD FOR, to the mechanics parameter that step Y1 is obtained carry out data analysis,
Induction-arrangement obtains systematicness, comprehensive mechanics problem and optimization guiding, forms design object；
Y4. according to gained finite element stress analysis as a result, being used for different zones in product to the difference requirements of mechanical property
The temperature field of finite element analysis software simulating cutting process, determines heat source motion track, selectes laser parameter.
9. increasing the process of laser melting coating high hardness alloy thickness degree described in a kind of any one according to claim 1~8
The product of reparation.
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|---|---|
| CN109735843B (en) | 2021-06-29 |
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