CN106021795A - Solidification temperature gradient controllable method for 3D printing of metal material - Google Patents
Solidification temperature gradient controllable method for 3D printing of metal material Download PDFInfo
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- CN106021795A CN106021795A CN201610385461.4A CN201610385461A CN106021795A CN 106021795 A CN106021795 A CN 106021795A CN 201610385461 A CN201610385461 A CN 201610385461A CN 106021795 A CN106021795 A CN 106021795A
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- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
- G06F30/23—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
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Abstract
The invention relates to a solidification temperature gradient controllable method for 3D printing of a metal material. The method comprises the steps of 1, building a CAD model of a metal material part; 2, selecting a processing technique; 3, conducting a single-track fusion covering experiment; 4, conducting model slicing and processing track designing; 5, simulating the temperature field during processing with software of finite element analysis; 6, dividing processing areas; 7, fitting the temperature-time curve of a feature point; 8, setting temperature gradient; 9, solving control signals of resistance wires on a platform; 10, conducting laser 3D printing. By the adoption of the method, temperature gradient in the forming process can be controlled during processing, a metal material low in residual stress and high in mechanical property can be obtained, and cost is saved greatly; temperature gradient during processing can be set as needed, so that the metal material can be prepared in a targeted mode.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method that the controlled 3D of a kind of solidification processing temperature gradient prints metal material, specifically beat at laser 3D
During print, calculated the temperature field of forming process by simulation in advance, then according to calculating the acquired results a series of control of generation
Signal processed, controls the temperature in each region of substrate surface, and then controls the temperature of metal solidification process in conjunction with substrate heating system
Gradient.The invention belongs to 3D printing technique field.
Background technology
3D printing technique is that the processing method of a kind of and traditional reduction material is completely contradicted, based on three-dimensional CAD model data, logical
Cross and increase the mode that successively manufactures of material to manufacture the process of product.Compared with tradition processing, 3D prints has raw material
Utilization rate is high, designs with short production cycle, can be with advantages such as once-forming complex parts, and 3D print procedure environmental protection, nothing
Industrial waste produces, and is a kind of environmentally friendly process technology.
3D print procedure, especially laser 3D print procedure, be the course of processing along with complicated phase transformation.Processing
Time, along with high-energy-density line (laser, electron beam, ion beam etc.) inject, surface of the work bath temperature steeply rise and
Decline so that there is huge thermograde inside sample, and violent thermograde makes material produce in forming process
The biggest raw thermal stress, this drastically influence the mechanical property of material.
At present, researcher typically uses the method for basal plate preheating to be adjusted the temperature of the course of processing, this way
Although processing thermal stress can be reduced, the growth of micro-crack in the suppression course of processing, but this way does not accounts for processed
The difference of the thermograde of zones of different in journey, it is difficult to control the thermograde of zones of different in the course of processing, and along with in advance
The raising of hot temperature, the advantage brought because of the characteristic of the laser 3D fast hot rapid cooling of printing is gradually reduced, and easily produces bigger crystal grain.
This patent proposes a kind of temperature control scheme by point-to-point (an actually territory, circular cell), in conjunction with Finite element analysis results
Control machining area thermograde, and then improve the thermal stress distribution situation even controlling 3D metallic print part, optimize crystal grain
Growing environment, thus promote the mechanical property of metallic print part.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the thermal stress issues brought in metal 3D print procedure because of thermograde acute variation, the invention provides one
The method planting high-efficient simple controls the thermograde in the course of processing.During using finite element analysis software to carry out simulating cutting
Change of temperature field, then selected characteristic point, simulate the temperature-time curve of these characteristic points, and formulate on this basis
A series of control signals control the resistance wire of substantially respective regions, use the high energy beam current of input in 3D print procedure (to swash
Optical, electrical sub-bundle, ion beam etc.) and processing platform (see figure 2) on distribution individual resistors silk the two thermal source control 3D print
During thermograde, part process equipment be distributed as shown in Figure 1.
The controlled 3D of the present invention a kind of solidification processing temperature gradient prints the method for metal material and takes following steps:
1) modeling
Set up the cad model of metal material part；
2) selected processing technique
Use laser as processing input thermal source, selected dusty material, determine that adding laser parameter in man-hour has power P, spot diameter
D, hot spot movement speed v and powder feed rate δ；
3) single track cladding experiment
Use copper coin or corrosion resistant plate to make substrate processing, use step 2) in machined parameters carry out single track cladding experiment, and right
The single track of cladding measures, and its width w and height are h；
4) model slice and machining locus design
Model is carried out slicing delamination, and thickness is determined by the height h measured, and thickness is (h-0.2) ~ h；According to setting 20% ~
The overlapping rate of 30% and add the molten road width b in man-hour, by Slice Software partition graph, and generates machining locus line, adjacent lines
Distance is 0.6*b ~ 0.8*b, and described Slice Software uses open source software slic 3；
5) finite element analysis software simulating cutting process temperature field is used
Use the temperature field of finite element analysis software simulating cutting process, heat source Gauss moving heat source, thermal source motion track
Identical with the trajectory in step 4), Heat-Source Parameters is step 2) in selected laser parameter；
6) machining area is divided
According to processing platform, dividing processing territory, each machining area is square, and selects the central point of each machining area
As characteristic point；
7) temperature-time curve of fit characteristic point
According to the temperature field data of gained in step 5), simulate the temperature-time curve of characteristic point, select fusing-solidification zone
Between, it is 10 minizones interval subdivision, calculates the thermograde of each minizone according to temperature-time curve；
8) design temperature gradient
During Design and Machining, temperature at 10 minizone end points on each provincial characteristics point temperature-time curve, calculates phase
The thermograde of adjacent characteristic point；
9) control signal of each resistance wire on platform is solved
Setting up each resistance wire calorifics equation when heating on platform, each machining area is by this machining area correspondence processing platform
On resistance wire control, integrating step 8) in the thermograde that sets, use the method for finite element analysis to solve the control of resistance wire
Signal processed；
10) laser 3D prints
Fix substrate processing, according to step 2) in set working process parameter print, the resistance wire in platform according to
9) control signal solved in is operated；When printing the dusty material that high-temperature oxydation occurs, processing platform need to be moved to
It is full of in the atmosphere room of argon.
Described dusty material be particle diameter be metal dust or the alloy powder of 0.01 ~ 0.20mm.
Described metal dust is Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, Mn, Cu, Al, Ti, Mo, W or V, and their mixed-powder.
Described alloy powder is 304/304L rustless steel, 316/316L rustless steel, Ni-Cr alloy, Ni718 alloy, TC4
Alloy or TC9 alloy.
It is an advantage of the current invention that: this patent proposes a kind of by the temperature control in point-to-point (an actually territory, circular cell)
Scheme processed, controls machining area thermograde in conjunction with Finite element analysis results, reduces fast hot rapid cooling in laser 3D print procedure
Bring thermal stress, thus promote the mechanical property of metal 3D printout；The thermograde of the course of processing can be controlled, optimize
The growing environment of crystal grain, reaches directional solidification at regional area, promotes the mechanical behavior under high temperature of metal 3D printout；Use particle diameter
It is that metal dust or the metal alloy powders of 0.01 ~ 0.20mm is readily available as raw material, raw material, reasonable price, become
This is low；Using Nd:YAG optical fiber laser as input thermal source, hot spot is the least and the most controlled.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is process equipment schematic diagram;
In figure: 1, laser head and coaxial powder-feeding shower nozzle；2, substrate processing；3, processing platform；4, control chamber;
Fig. 2 is processing platform schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is finite element analysis flow chart.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with instantiation, process Ni718 alloy material, describe the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Scheme prepared by Ni718 alloy material part:
1) modeling
Set up Ni718 alloy material part model, cuboid model, length × width × height: 100mm × 20mm × 10mm.
2) selected processing technique
Select processing technique, laser power P=300W ~ 500W, laser spot diameter d=1mm, hot spot movement speed v=0.005m/s
~ 0.05m/s, powder feed rate δ=0.1mm3/s~2mm3/s。
3) single track cladding experiment
Select suitable substrate processing according to concrete material, select 304 stainless sheet steels herein, use 2) in selected processing work
Skill parameter carries out single track cladding experiment, measures single track cladding width 1.0mm ~ 1.5mm and single track height 0.2mm ~ 0.5mm.
4) model slice and machining locus design
Model is carried out slicing delamination, thickness 0.2mm ~ 0.5mm；According to the overlapping rate 20% ~ 30% set and add the molten of man-hour
Road width 1.0mm ~ 1.5mm, is divided into machining locus line by layer pattern, and live width is generally 1.0mm ~ 1.5mm.
5) finite element analysis software simulating cutting process temperature field is used
According to 2) in technological parameter and 4) in trajectory parameters, use finite element analysis software simulating cutting process temperature field.
6) machining area is divided
According to processing platform, dividing machining area, each machining area is square, divides 20 machining areas altogether, each
Machining area is 10mm × 10mm, and selects the central point of each machining area as characteristic point.
7) temperature-time curve of fit characteristic point
According to 5) in gained temperature field data, simulate the temperature-time curve of characteristic point, choose fusing-freezing range, and
It is 10 minizones interval subdivision, calculates the thermograde of each minizone according to temperature-time curve.
8) design temperature gradient
During Design and Machining, temperature at 10 minizone end points on each provincial characteristics point temperature-time curve, calculates phase
The thermograde of adjacent characteristic point.
9) control signal of each resistance wire on platform is solved
Setting up each resistance wire calorifics equation when heating on platform, in order to simplify process, each machining area is by this processing district
Resistance wire on the correspondence processing platform of territory controls, in conjunction with 8) the middle thermograde set, use the method for finite element analysis to solve
The control signal of resistance wire.
10) laser 3D prints
Fix substrate processing, according to 2) in set working process parameter print, the resistance wire in processing platform according to
9) control signal solved in is operated.
Claims (4)
1. the method that the 3D that a solidification processing temperature gradient is controlled prints metal material, it is characterised in that: described method is adopted
Take following steps:
1) modeling
Set up the cad model of metal material part；
2) selected processing technique
Use laser as processing input thermal source, selected dusty material, determine that adding laser parameter in man-hour has power P, spot diameter
D, hot spot movement speed v and powder feed rate δ；
3) single track cladding experiment
Use copper coin or corrosion resistant plate to make substrate processing, use step 2) in machined parameters carry out single track cladding experiment, and right
The single track of cladding measures, and its width is w and height is h；
4) model slice and machining locus design
Model is carried out slicing delamination, and thickness is determined by the height h measured, and thickness is (h-0.2) ~ h；According to setting 20% ~
The overlapping rate of 30% and add the molten road width b in man-hour, by Slice Software partition graph, and generates machining locus line, adjacent lines
Distance is 0.6*b ~ 0.8*b, and described Slice Software uses open source software slic 3；
5) finite element analysis software simulating cutting process temperature field is used
Use the temperature field of finite element analysis software simulating cutting process, heat source Gauss moving heat source, thermal source motion track
Identical with the trajectory in step 4), Heat-Source Parameters is step 2) in selected laser parameter；
6) machining area is divided
According to processing platform, dividing processing territory, each machining area is square, and selects the central point of each machining area
As characteristic point；
7) temperature-time curve of fit characteristic point
According to the temperature field data of gained in step 5), simulate the temperature-time curve of characteristic point, select fusing-solidification zone
Between, it is 10 minizones interval subdivision, calculates the thermograde of each minizone according to temperature-time curve；
8) design temperature gradient
During Design and Machining, temperature at 10 minizone end points on each provincial characteristics point temperature-time curve, calculates phase
The thermograde of adjacent characteristic point；
9) control signal of each resistance wire on platform is solved
Setting up each resistance wire calorifics equation when heating on platform, each machining area is by this machining area correspondence processing platform
On resistance wire control, integrating step 8) in the thermograde that sets, use the method for finite element analysis to solve the control of resistance wire
Signal processed；
10) laser 3D prints
Fix substrate processing, according to step 2) in set working process parameter print, the resistance wire in platform according to
The control signal solved in step 9) is operated；When printing the dusty material that high-temperature oxydation occurs, need to be by processing platform
Move to be full of in the atmosphere room of argon.
2. the method printing metal material according to the 3D that a kind of solidification processing temperature gradient described in claims 1 is controlled, its
Be characterised by: described dusty material be particle diameter be metal dust or the alloy powder of 0.01 ~ 0.20mm.
3. according to the metal dust described in claims 2, it is characterised in that: described metal dust is Fe, Co, Ni, Cr,
Mn, Cu, Al, Ti, Mo, W or V, and their mixed-powder.
4. according to the alloy powder described in claims 2, it is characterised in that: described alloy powder is that 304/304L is stainless
Steel, 316/316L rustless steel, Ni-Cr alloy, Ni718 alloy, TC4 alloy or TC9 alloy.
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Cited By (7)
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| CN106623930A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-05-10 | 西安电子科技大学 | Laser sintering curing method of ink-jet printing |
| CN107992649A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-05-04 | 西安铂力特增材技术股份有限公司 | A kind of method for numerical simulation of increasing material manufacturing post treatment line cutting process |
| CN108399307A (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-08-14 | 大连交通大学 | A kind of laser 3D printing Finite Element Method |
| CN109735843A (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2019-05-10 | 株洲辉锐增材制造技术有限公司 | It is a kind of increase laser melting coating high hardness alloy thickness degree process and its laser melting coating reparation product |
| CN110472355A (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2019-11-19 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of 3D printing method for previewing solved based on multi- scenarios method modeling and simulation |
| CN110976865A (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-04-10 | 西安增材制造国家研究院有限公司 | Solidification structure and forming stress regulation and control method for laser coaxial powder feeding additive manufacturing |
| CN111299584A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-06-19 | 吉林大学 | Preparation method of bionic impact-resistant multilayer composite gradient material based on amorphous alloy |
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106623930A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-05-10 | 西安电子科技大学 | Laser sintering curing method of ink-jet printing |
| CN106623930B (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2019-04-30 | 西安电子科技大学 | A kind of laser sintered curing method of inkjet printing |
| CN107992649A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-05-04 | 西安铂力特增材技术股份有限公司 | A kind of method for numerical simulation of increasing material manufacturing post treatment line cutting process |
| CN108399307A (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-08-14 | 大连交通大学 | A kind of laser 3D printing Finite Element Method |
| CN109735843A (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2019-05-10 | 株洲辉锐增材制造技术有限公司 | It is a kind of increase laser melting coating high hardness alloy thickness degree process and its laser melting coating reparation product |
| CN109735843B (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2021-06-29 | 株洲辉锐增材制造技术有限公司 | Process method for increasing thickness of laser cladding high-hardness alloy layer and laser cladding repaired product thereof |
| CN110472355A (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2019-11-19 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of 3D printing method for previewing solved based on multi- scenarios method modeling and simulation |
| CN110472355B (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2021-09-07 | 南京航空航天大学 | 3D printing preview method based on multi-field coupling modeling and simulation solving |
| CN111299584A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-06-19 | 吉林大学 | Preparation method of bionic impact-resistant multilayer composite gradient material based on amorphous alloy |
| CN111299584B (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2021-05-25 | 吉林大学 | Preparation method of bionic impact-resistant multilayer composite gradient material based on amorphous alloy |
| CN110976865A (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-04-10 | 西安增材制造国家研究院有限公司 | Solidification structure and forming stress regulation and control method for laser coaxial powder feeding additive manufacturing |
| CN110976865B (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2022-08-12 | 西安增材制造国家研究院有限公司 | Solidification structure and forming stress regulation and control method for laser coaxial powder feeding additive manufacturing |
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