CN106475733A - A kind of subregion builds bionic coupling surface reconditioning Waste machine tool guide rail and its method - Google Patents
A kind of subregion builds bionic coupling surface reconditioning Waste machine tool guide rail and its method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of subregion builds the regenerating waste used machine tool guideway of bionic coupling surface reconditioning, this guide rail surface is divided into tri- regions of A, B, C according to not preprosthetic hardness is descending；A area, B area, C area surface are machined with that strip bionical coupling unit, point bar assembled bionic coupling be first, netted bionical coupling unit respectively；Each region is divided into multiple fine setting regions according to preprosthetic hardness respectively, and respectively fine setting region is ascending with preprosthetic hardness, thereon the ascending change of spacing of bionical coupling unit.The present invention mates corresponding bionic coupling model in different hardness subregion guide rail surface, breaches the non-homogeneous difficult problem repairing homogeneity, after enabling reparation, lathe meets or exceeds the length of service of new machine；The service life repairing rear rail can reach 8～12 years, drastically increases the utilization periods of guide rail and lathe, it is to avoid the scrapping of whole lathe, and it also avoid the resource consumption of manufacture new machine, has saved substantial amounts of resource.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Waste machine tool guide rail reparative regeneration field, it is related to a kind of structure using laser processing subregion and imitates
Raw coupled surface, the method that homogeneity reparation is carried out to degree of wear Waste machine tool heterogeneous guide rail.
Background technology
Machine tool guideway is to move along certain track with guide member for supporting or play clamping and positioning to make on lathe
Track.Lathe routine part of damage can be changed, and the lathe that guide rail and lathe bed are connected as a single entity, when guide rail seriously grinds
Damage to reach and scrap it is meant that scrapping of whole lathe, cause the very big wasting of resources.If discarded guide rail is carried out repairing again
Raw, just can effectively extend the service life of whole lathe, save ample resources.But surface is being scrapped through the guide rail of quenching
When often remain the thick remaining quenching layer of 2～5mm, through analysis, one side knife rest due to long-term along the non-homogeneous work of guide pass,
Another aspect guide rail quenching hardness through-thickness is graded, leads to the degree of wear of remaining hardened face non-homogeneous.
If using hardness as measurement index directly perceived, that is, entirely the hardness of remaining hardened face each several part is different, and its wearability is also different.As
Fruit removes remaining quenching layer to obtain uniform outer surface, then guide rail size and precision can be made not to reach the use demand of lathe, and disappear
Consume substantial amounts of manpower and materials；If retaining remaining quenching layer, because existing mode is all to repair on uniform surface, this is accomplished by one
Kind can repair and non-homogeneous to reach the homogeneous new method of wearability.
In order to preferably improve efficiency and reduce environmental pollution, scientific and technological sight is increasingly turned to nature.By observation analysis,
The evolution of 1 years makes biology have optimal composition structure, that is, the energy consuming minimum reaches the result of optimum, then bionical
Arise at the historic moment.By the research to nature biotechnology, select suitable living model according to actual needs and carry out form, structure
With the research of material, and Transformation Application.
Chinese patent publication discloses a kind of " laser bionic coupling guide rail and its renovation process " (application number：
2015106122948；Publication date：On November 25th, 2015) and " a kind of different machine with cast track away from bionic surface combination of many structures and
Its renovation process " (application number：20151062123048；Publication date：On December 2nd, 2015).First method is along guide rail
On frame tool feeding direction thereon during real work, guide rail surface is divided into heavy wear area and mild wear area, utilizes
Laser processes the bionic surface of the coupling bionical cell cube of different shape respectively in two kinds of different regions of the degree of wear, and then obtains
Hardness, stress distribution are uniformly and wear resistance tends to the guide rail surface of many bionic couplings surface combination of uniformity, realize
Its regeneration；Difference of hardness interval is only divided into twoth area by this method, does not account for the difference of interval hardness number, thus every after repairing
The uneven problem of wear resistance is yet suffered from individual interval.Second method pass through different degree of wear regions hardness or
Stress distribution situation, double coupling units bionic surface of design specific two kinds of spacing change, by the two of the bionical cell cube of double couplings unit
The interaction of kind of coupling unit, with body collectively form the intercoupling of multifactor many structures, interact couple bionical region,
To improve the wearability of rail plate；The shortcoming of the method is that in every kind of difference of hardness interval, pair bionical cell cube of coupling unit is all identical
Spacing, thus in each interval, there is also the uneven problem of wear resistance.
Content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide one kind can accomplish that entirety is unified with details, realizes machine tool guideway
The subregion that abrasion heterogeneous surface homogeneity is repaired builds the renovation process of the regenerating waste used machine tool guideway of bionic coupling surface reconditioning.
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the subregion of the present invention builds the regenerating waste used lathe of bionic coupling surface reconditioning and leads
Rail is it is characterised in that described guide rail surface is divided into tri- regions of A, B, C according to not preprosthetic hardness is descending；A area, B area,
C area surface is machined with that strip bionical coupling unit, point bar assembled bionic coupling be first, netted bionical coupling unit respectively；Each region is respectively according to repairing
Hardness before multiple is divided into multiple fine setting regions, and respectively fine setting region is ascending with preprosthetic hardness, thereon bionical coupling unit
The ascending change of spacing.
Described A area, B area, the preprosthetic case hardness in C area are respectively 650HV～750HV, 550HV～650HV, 450HV
～550HV.
Diameter Bd, B area strip bionical coupling unit of width Aw, B area point-like bionical coupling unit of described A area strip bionical coupling unit
Width Bw and C area netted bionical coupling unit width C w is 1～1.6mm, depth Ah, the B area point-like of A area strip bionical coupling unit and bar
Depth B h of shape bionical coupling unit and C area netted bionical coupling unit width depth Ch is 500～1000 μm.
Be divided in described A area n1 fine setting region, respectively A1, A2 ... Ai ... An1, to arbitrary fine setting region Ai,
The interval S of strip bionical coupling unit thereonAi=(AAi/700)SA, wherein AAiFor finely tuning the preprosthetic hardness of region Ai, SAFor A area bar
The normal pitch of shape bionical coupling unit, SA=3.2～3.6mm.
Be divided in described B area n2 fine setting region, respectively B1, B2 ... Bi ... Bn2, to arbitrary fine setting region Bi,
The interval S of point bar assembled bionic coupling unit thereonBi=(BBi/600)SB, wherein BBiFor finely tuning the preprosthetic hardness of region Bi, SBFor B
The normal pitch of point bar assembled bionic coupling unit of area, SB=6.1～7.1mm.
Be divided into n3 to finely tune region in described C interval, respectively C1, C2 ... Ci ... Cn3, to arbitrary fine setting region
Ci, the interval S of netted bionical coupling unit thereonCi=(CCi/500)SC, wherein CCiFor finely tuning the preprosthetic hardness of region Ci, SCFor C
The normal pitch of point bar assembled bionic coupling unit of area, SC=3.8～4.5mm.
It is an object of the invention to discarded machine tool guideway, retaining its abrasion remaining quenching layer heterogeneous, different hard
Build corresponding bionic coupling model on degree guide pass, make the different region of wearability through each self-corresponding bionic coupling model
After reparation, the wearability of its whole guide rail reaches unanimously, realizes the homogeneity reparation of the abrasion heterogeneous surface of machine tool guideway.For
The non-homogeneous homogeneity that reaches of reparative regeneration provides new approaches.
The above-mentioned subregion of the present invention builds the renovation process of the regenerating waste used machine tool guideway of bionic coupling surface reconditioning, its feature
It is that step is as follows：
Step one, removing Waste machine tool guide rail residue hardened face greasy dirt and wear trace, and make it show to planarize；
Step 2, guide rail surface is divided into multiple rectangular region, diagonal along rectangular two in rectangular region
Line carries out hardness measurement and averages, as the hardness number of this rectangular region；Carried out according to each rectangular region hardness number
Subregion；Region in 650HV～750HV for the hardness number is designated as A area, using 700HV as A area standard hardness；Hardness number is in 550HV
Region in～650HV is designated as B area, using 600HV as B area standard hardness；By region in 450HV～550HV for the hardness number
It is designated as C area, using 500HV as C area standard hardness；Wherein A divide into n1 fine setting region, be respectively labeled as A1, A2 ...
Ai ... An1, B divide into n2 fine setting region, be respectively labeled as B1, B2 ... Bi ... Bn2, C divide into n3 finely tune area
Domain, be labeled as C1, C2 ... Ci ... Cn3；
Step 3, diameter Bd, B area strip of width Aw, B area point-like bionical coupling unit setting A area strip bionical coupling unit are imitated
The width Bw of raw coupling unit and C area netted bionical coupling unit width C w is 1～1.6mm, depth Ah, the B area of A area strip bionical coupling unit
Depth B h of point-like and strip bionical coupling unit and C area netted bionical coupling unit width depth Ch is 500～1000 μm；It is then determined that
The actual pitch of bionical coupling unit in A area, B area, bionical coupling unit's shape in C area and its each fine setting region；
Step 4, bionical in the A area being determined according to step 3, B area, bionical coupling unit's shape in C area and its each fine setting region
The actual pitch of coupling unit, bionical in guide rail surface A area, B area, C area preparation respective shapes and spacing using laser processing
Coupling unit.
Bionical coupling unit in A area, B area, bionical coupling unit's shape in C area and its each fine setting region determining in described step 3
Actual pitch is as follows：For fine setting region Ai arbitrary in A area, the interval S of strip bionical coupling unit thereonAi=(AAi/700)SA,
Wherein AAiFor finely tuning the preprosthetic hardness of region Ai, SAFor the normal pitch of A area strip bionical coupling unit, SA=3.2～3.6mm；
For fine setting region Bi arbitrary in B area, the interval S of point bar assembled bionic coupling unit thereonBi=(BBi/600)SB, wherein BBiFor
The fine setting preprosthetic hardness of region Bi, SBFor the normal pitch of B area point bar assembled bionic coupling unit, SB=6.1～7.1mm；For C
Arbitrary fine setting region Ci in interval, the interval S of netted bionical coupling unit thereonCi=(CCi/500)SC, wherein CCiFor finely tuning region
The preprosthetic hardness of Ci, SCFor the normal pitch of C area point bar assembled bionic coupling unit, SC=3.8～4.5mm.
In described step 3, determine bionical coupling unit in A area, B area, bionical coupling unit's shape in C area and its each fine setting region
The method of actual pitch is as follows：
(1) N group and untreated guide rail C area identical sample, are chosen, specimen surface hardness is 500HV, and every group comprises 5
Sample, wear height is H0；1-5 specimen surface at first group prepares point-like, strip, point net combination shape, point respectively first
Bar combination shape, netted bionical coupling unit, and the gross area of each specimen surface bionical coupling unit is equal, then carries out in each specimen surface
Wear test, measures wear height, is calculated the abrasion slip on 1-5 sample bionic coupling surface using formula (1)；So
Point-like, strip, point net combination shape, point bar combination shape, netted bionical coupling unit are prepared respectively on the 1-5 sample organized at other afterwards,
And prepare the various sample of same shape bionical coupling unit, the spacing of bionical coupling unit is different thereon；Formula (1) is recycled to calculate
The corresponding bionic coupling surface abrasion reduction rate of same shape different spacing bionical coupling unit, simulates bionical coupling unit's interval S and mill
Damage the relational expression of slip △ Xs-F%；△XF%=(H0- HF)/H0× 100% (1)
Wherein HFBe bionical coupling unit is prepared on guide rail after, the wear height that experience wear test obtains；
(2), the bionical coupling unit of same shape is processed on different hardness matrix, carries out wear test, using indentation face
Amass and calculate wear height, matching draws the regression equation of matrix hardness X and wear height Y：Y=-0.0016X+1.335；With
Wear height H at C area standard hardness 500HV0It is reference, go out at A area standard hardness 700HV using regression equation calculation, B area
Corresponding wear height at standard hardness 600HV, recycles formula (1) to calculate standard hardness 700HV, B area of A area hardness standard
600HV corresponding abrasion slip is respectively △ A=59.8%, △ B=29.9%, that is, prepare the bionical coupling of identical bionical coupling unit
Close surface, after reparation, the wear height in A area is C area wear height (1-59.8%), the wear height in B area is that the abrasion of C area is high
(1-29.9%) of degree；
(3), set wear height at untreated samples C area standard hardness 500HV as H0If making the abrasion of C area subtract after reparation
Few rate is equal to K%, and according to formula (1), then after repairing, C area wear height is HC=H0(1-K%)；Make C area standard hardness 500HV
Place, the bionic coupling surface abrasion at B area standard hardness 600HV, at A area standard hardness 700HV is highly HC=H0(1-
K%)；Theoretical wear height after C area repairs is H0[1- (△ XFC%+ △ Xs-FC%)]=H0(1-K%), derive K=△
XFC+△Xs-FC；Wherein △ XFCFor the abrasion slip on the bionic coupling surface of C area sample, △ Xs-FCFor this bionic coupling surface
Corresponding spacing abrasion slip；Theoretical wear height after B area repairs is H0[1- (△ XFB%+ △ Xs-FB%)] (1-
29.9%)=H0(1-K%) 1.426 (K-29.9)=△ X, are derivedFB+△Xs-FB；Wherein △ XFBBionical for B area sample
Coupled surface abrasion slip, △ Xs-FBAbrasion slip for the corresponding spacing in this bionic coupling surface；Theory after the reparation of A area
Wear height is H0[1- (△ XFA%+ △ Xs-FA%)] (1-59.8%)=H0(1-K%) 2.487 (K-59.8), are derived
=△ XFA+△Xs-FA, wherein △ XFAFor the bionic coupling surface abrasion slip of A area sample, △ Xs-FAFor this bionic coupling table
The abrasion slip of the corresponding spacing in face；If K% value 83%, △ XFC+△Xs-FC=83, △ XFB+△Xs-FB=75.7206, △
XFA+△Xs-FA=57.6984；Each area standard hardness bionic coupling surface abrasion slip of being obtained according to step (2) and same
The computing formula of the abrasion slip of shape corresponding difference couplings unit spacing, selects coupling unit's shape in A, B, C area and corresponding respectively
Coupling unit normal pitch SA、SB、SCAs follows：A area is strip coupling unit, coupling unit normal pitch SAFor 3.4mm；B area is point bar combination coupling
Unit, coupling unit normal pitch SBFor 6.7mm；C area is netted coupling unit, coupling unit normal pitch SCFor 4.2mm；
(4), calculate the first actual pitch of the bionical coupling finely tuned in A, B, C area in region according to formula (2), (3), (4)；
SAi=(AAi/700)SA(2)
SBi=(BBi/600)SB(3)
SCi=(CCi/500)SC(4)
Wherein AAiFor the preprosthetic hardness of fine setting region Ai arbitrary in A area, SAStandard room for A area strip bionical coupling unit
Away from BBiFor the preprosthetic hardness of fine setting region Bi arbitrary in B area, SBFor the normal pitch of B area point bar assembled bionic coupling unit, CCiFor
The preprosthetic hardness of arbitrary fine setting region Ci, S in C areaCNormal pitch for C area point bar assembled bionic coupling unit.
The technique effect of the present invention：The present invention utilizes laser bionic coupling technology, directly non-homogeneous in remaining quenching abrasion
Wear extent is carried out on surface and reaches homogeneous reparation, different hardness subregion guide rail surface mates corresponding bionic coupling mould
Type, breaches the non-homogeneous difficult problem repairing homogeneity；Remaining quenching layer in a large number need not be removed, the supplement without additional materials adds
Plus, you can realize the reparative regeneration of Waste machine tool guide rail, it is to avoid the whole lathe that caused scrapped because guide rail lost efficacy.Typically new
The service life of guide rail is 8～10 years, can reach 8～12 years, after making reparation using the service life that the present invention repairs rear rail
Lathe can meet or exceed the length of service of new machine, drastically increases the utilization periods of guide rail and lathe.Show to imitate
Raw coupled surface can reach the purpose repaired with regenerating waste used machine tool guideway, it is to avoid scrapping of whole lathe, it also avoid
Manufacture the resource consumption of new machine, save substantial amounts of resource.
The present invention utilizes bionic theory, according to slightly smooth process after scrap guide rail surface hardness, stress distribution situation,
On frame tool feeding direction thereon when along guide rail real work, by guide rail surface be divided into heavy wear area (C area), in
Degree worn area (B area) and mild wear area (A area), and utilize laser, form different the imitating of wear resistance in its Surface Machining
Raw surface.Process, in three kinds of different regions of the degree of wear, the bionical table being coupled with the bionical cell cube of different shape respectively
Face, and then obtain hardness, stress distribution uniformly and wear resistance tends to leading of many bionic couplings surface combination of uniformity
Track surface, realizes its regeneration.The present invention not only makes the uneven surface of mechanical property distribution recover again to be uniformly distributed, acceptable
Form the bionic surface of the overall long-term unification of wear resistance by the combination of different wear resistance bionic surfaces.Effectively keep away
Exempt from due to the larger caused concentrated wear serious phenomenon of local pressure.The present invention has broken traditional equal to mechanical property distribution
The uniform repair mode that even surface is carried out, but to be more suitable for the angle of its real work, to the cast iron through high-frequency quenching
The non-homogeneous Regeneration and Repair mode of many bionic couplings surface combination is directly implemented on the concentrated wear surface of guide rail, fundamentally solves
Such scraps guide rail surface due to being difficult to regeneration issues caused by abrasion inequality.
Brief description
With reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is machine tool guideway concrete subregion instrumentation plan.
Fig. 2 a is A area hardness is 700HV region bionical coupling meta-model schematic diagram；Fig. 2 b is the sectional view of bionical coupling unit.
Fig. 3 a is B area hardness is 600HV region bionical coupling meta-model schematic diagram；Fig. 3 b is the section view of point-like bionical coupling unit
Figure, Fig. 3 c is the sectional view of strip bionical coupling unit.
Fig. 4 a is C area hardness is 500HV region bionical coupling meta-model schematic diagram；Fig. 4 b is the sectional view of bionical coupling unit.
Fig. 5 a is C area wear height schematic diagram, and Fig. 5 b is bionic coupling surface abrasion high-level schematic.
Fig. 6 is machine tool guideway bionic coupling surface entirety top view.
Specific embodiment
The biological grand master pattern that the present invention chooses is Catharsii molossi head, plant leaf blade and shell surface, typically all from biology
To inspiration, and then carry out implementing to optimize, convert combination according to practical situation, bionic, non-smooth structure can be divided into point-like, bar
Shape, netted, point bar combination, point net combination.And be found through experiments, Waste machine tool guide rail residue hardened face through laser plus
There is thing phase transfer in the bionical cell cube of work, metallographic structure from perlitic transformation for high rigidity martensite.Bionic coupling unit
Body can provide intensity and hardness as hard phase, and guide material itself, as soft phase, provides toughness and damping property, both
The bionic coupling surface of soft and hard alternation cooperates and can improve the wearability of machine tool guideway.
The remaining hardened face of the discarded machine tool guideway that the present invention is connected as a single entity to lathe bed and guide rail, because the degree of wear is non-
Uniformly, first cross measure guide way hardness, carries out zone marker according still further to hardness scoping rules, and different subregions builds different imitating
Raw coupling model, bionic coupling model includes shape coupling unit and its characteristic quantity, laser machines out bionic coupling table reasonable in design
The residue hardened face abrasion of Waste machine tool guide rail, so that the wearability of whole guide rail after repairing reaches unanimously, is realized non-equal in face
Even homogeneity reparation.
Different bionic coupling models is combined with different hardness and can obtain different degrees of wearability, and the present invention passes through imitative
Raw principle relation calculates the bionic coupling model corresponding to different hardness subregion, to reach the homogeneous purpose of wearability.A
Area, B area, space fine-adjusting is carried out according to hardness number in C area, accomplish the unification of entirety and details.Breach heterogeneous surface reparation
Become a difficult problem for homogeneity, greatly saved resource and maintenance cost, reach the purpose of Waste machine tool guide rail recycling.
Described guide rail surface is divided into tri- regions of A, B, C according to not preprosthetic hardness is descending；As Fig. 2 a, 3a, 4a
Shown, A area, B area, C area surface are machined with that strip bionical coupling unit, point bar assembled bionic coupling be first, netted bionical coupling unit respectively；A area
Normal pitch S of bionical coupling unitANormal pitch S of bionical coupling unit of=3.4mm, B areaBThe standard room of bionical coupling unit of=6.7mm, C area
Away from SC=4.2mm.As shown in Figure 2 b, the width Aw=1.4mm of A area strip bionical coupling unit, depth Ah=1000 μm；As Fig. 3 b institute
Show, the diameter Bd=1.4mm of B class mark shape bionical coupling unit, depth Bh=1000 μm, as shown in Figure 3 c, strip bionical coupling unit
Width Bw=1.4mm, Bh=1000 μm；As shown in Figure 4 b, netted bionical coupling unit width C w=1.4mm, depth C in C areah=
1000μm.
Described A area, B area, the preprosthetic case hardness in C area are respectively 650HV～750HV, 550HV～650HV, 450HV
～550HV；Described A area contain n1 fine setting region, be designated as respectively A1, A2 ... Ai ... An1, to arbitrary fine setting region Ai,
The interval S of strip bionical coupling unit thereonAi=(AAi/700)SA, wherein AAiFor finely tuning the preprosthetic hardness of region Ai, SAFor A area bar
The normal pitch of the bionical cell cube of shape, SA=3.4mm.
Described B area contain n2 fine setting region, respectively B1, B2 ... Bi ... Bn2, to arbitrary fine setting region Bi, its
The interval S of upper bar assembled bionic coupling unitBi=(BBi/600)SB, wherein BBiFor finely tuning the preprosthetic hardness of region Bi, SBFor B area
The normal pitch of point bar assembled bionic coupling unit, SB=6.7mm.
Described C area contain n3 fine setting region, respectively C1, C2 ... Ci ... Cn3, to arbitrary fine setting region Ci, its
The interval S of upper netted bionical coupling unitCi=(CCi/500)SC, wherein CCiFor finely tuning the preprosthetic hardness of region C i, SCFor C area point
The normal pitch of bar assembled bionic coupling unit, SC=6.7mm.
The numerical value of wherein n1, n2, n3 is uncertain, as long as rectangular average hardness is just labeled as in which interval
Any area.And when guide rail is different, the quantity of its rectangle subregion is also different, so n1, n2, n3 simply represent genus here
A mark in the unknown number in A, B, C area.
The reparation Waste machine tool guide rail method of the present invention is specific as follows：
Knife rest leads to the degree of wear of guide rail surface non-homogeneous due to long-term along the non-homogeneous work of guide pass, conventional work
Area from be different very with working area and zone line with the usage frequency of marginal area and wear condition.Send out by analysis
Existing, due to long-term along the non-homogeneous work of guide pass, another aspect guide rail quenching hardness through-thickness is ladder to one side knife rest
Degree change, lead to the guide rail residue hardened face degree of wear everywhere non-homogeneous, if using hardness as measurement index directly perceived, that is,
Entirely the hardness of remaining hardened face each several part is different, and its wearability is also different.This is accomplished by first carrying out region division.Because hard
Degree can intuitively measure, and the present invention is using hardness as degree of wear scoping rules heterogeneous.To wearing and tearing, residue heterogeneous is quenched
Energy meter face carries out hardness measurement, and typically between 450HV～750HV, scoping rules are defined below hardness number：Hardness is in 650HV
～750HV is designated as A area, and 700HV is as A area standard hardness；Hardness is designated as B area in 550HV～650HV, and 600HV marks as B area
Quasi- hardness；Hardness is designated as C area in 450HV～550HV, and 500HV is as C area standard hardness.It is embodied as subregion measurement as follows：For
Guide rail surface hardness accurately measured, guide pass is first laterally divided into two from centre, as shown in figure 1, first overall
Region approximate for hardness according to the difference of lateral stiffness, is more longitudinally probably divided into an area every 50mm by cross measure hardness, will
Guide pass is divided into several rectangular region；Carry out hardness measurement along rectangular two diagonal in each rectangular region,
Finally hardness number is carried out the hardness meansigma methodss that averagely, obtain as the hardness number of place rectangular region.Measured according to above
Hardness number guide rail surface is divided into A area, B area and C area.Then n1 of A area fine setting region will be belonged to, be respectively labeled as A1,
A2 ... Ai ... An, belong to n2 of B area fine setting region, be respectively labeled as B1, B2 ... Bi ... Bn, belong to C area
N3 fine setting region, be labeled as C1, C2 ... Ci ... Cn；Wherein n1, n2, n3 can not be able to be waited with equal.
Prepare bionical coupling unit on A area, B area, C area surface, the bionical coupling of shape and each fine setting region of the bionical coupling unit in each region
The actual pitch of unit determines that method is specific as follows：
Because C area hardness is minimum, wear height is maximum, therefore can be with untreated guide rail C area case hardness 500HV at
Wear height H0On the basis of, as shown in Fig. 5 a, 5b, in figure H, H ' it is respectively former rail height and prepare the guide rail having bionical coupling unit
Highly；Calculate the abrasion slip △ X on the bionic coupling surface preparing variously-shaped bionical coupling unit using formula (1)F%；
△XF%=(H0- HF)/H0× 100% (1)
Wherein HFBe bionical coupling unit is prepared on guide rail after, the wear height that experience wear test obtains.
Circular is as follows：
Choose N group and untreated guide rail C area identical sample, (span of N is at least 6 groups), specimen surface hardness
For 500HV, every group comprises 5 samples, and wear height is H0.First the 1-5 specimen surface at first group prepare respectively point-like,
Strip, point net combination shape, point bar combination shape, netted bionical coupling unit, and the gross area of each specimen surface bionical coupling unit is equal, this
The gross area is taken to be 320mm in invention2.Then carry out wear test in each specimen surface, measure wear height, using formula (1)
It is calculated the abrasion slip on 1-5 sample bionic coupling surface.Result of calculation is respectively：No. 1 sample bionic coupling surface
Abrasion slip be △ Xsp%=18.6%, the abrasion slip on No. 2 sample bionic coupling surfaces is △ Xst%=
33.7%, the abrasion slip on No. 3 sample bionic coupling surfaces is △ Xsp-re%=60.2%, No. 4 sample bionic coupling tables
The abrasion slip in face is △ Xsp-st%=65.0%, and the abrasion slip on No. 5 sample bionic coupling surfaces is △ Xre%=
68.2%.Slip is bigger, and wear resistance is better.
Point-like, strip are prepared on the 1-5 sample that other are organized, point net combines shape, point bar combines shape, netted bionical respectively
Coupling unit.The various sample of preparation same shape bionical coupling unit, the spacing of bionical coupling unit is different thereon.Then calculate each shape not
With the corresponding bionic coupling surface abrasion reduction rate of spacing bionical coupling unit, simulate bionical coupling unit interval S and abrasion slip △
The relation of Xs-F% is as follows：The corresponding bionic coupling surface abrasion reduction rate △ Xs-sp=-0.44758 of point-like bionical coupling unit ×
Ssp+8.1956, S sp is the actual pitch of point-like bionical coupling unit；The corresponding bionic coupling surface abrasion of strip bionical coupling unit subtracts
Little rate △ Xs-st=-12.93 × Sst+68.089, S st are the actual pitch of strip bionical coupling unit；Netted bionical coupling unit is right
The bionic coupling surface abrasion reduction rate △ Xs-re=-14.7899 × S re+77.115 answering, S re are netted bionical coupling unit
Spacing；The corresponding bionic coupling surface abrasion reduction rate △ Xs-sp-st=-5.9975 × Ssp- of point bar assembled bionic coupling unit
St+51.083, Ssp-st are an actual pitch for bar assembled bionic coupling unit；The corresponding bionic coupling table of point net assembled bionic coupling unit
Surface wear reduction rate △ Xs-sp-re=-13.287 × Ssp-re+68.048, S sp-re are a reality for net assembled bionic coupling unit
Border spacing.
In bionic coupling sample, the contribution degree of many coupling units is also relevant with the hardness of this subregion, adds on different hardness matrix
Work goes out bionical coupling unit (point-like, strip or netted) of same shape, carries out wear test, calculates mill using indentation area change
Damage height, matching draws the regression equation of matrix hardness X and wear height Y：Y=-0.0016X+1.335 is hard with C area standard
Wear height H at degree 500HV0It is reference, H0=-0.0016 × 500+1.335=0.535；Go out A using regression equation calculation
Corresponding wear height, H at area's standard hardness 700HV, at B area standard hardness 600HVA=-0.0016 × 700+1.335=
0.215, HB=-0.0016 × 600+1.335=0.375；Formula (1) is recycled to calculate standard hardness 700HV, B area of A area
Hardness standard 600HV corresponding abrasion slip is respectively △ A=59.8%, △ B=29.9%, that is, prepare identical bionical coupling unit
Bionic coupling surface, after reparation, the wear height in A area is C area wear height (1-59.8%), and the wear height in B area is C
(1-29.9%) of area's wear height；
Assume that the wear height at untreated samples C area standard hardness 500HV is H0If making the abrasion of C area reduce after reparation
Rate is equal to K%, and according to formula (1), then after repairing, C area wear height is HC=H0(1-K%).For making wear resistance homogeneous
Change, then after repairing, A area, the wear height in B area are also H0(1-K%).At first with C area standard hardness 500HV, B area standard is hard
Spend at 600HV, the wearability at A area standard hardness 700HV is unanimously listed and met formula, then derives last simplification relation
Formula, as the selection gist of the bionic coupling model in A, B, C tri- area.C area target wear height is H0(1-K%), after reparation
Theoretical wear height is H0[1- (△ XFC%+ △ Xs-FC%)], both are equal obtains：H0(1-K%)=H0[1- (△ XFC%+
△Xs-FC%)], derive K=△ XFC+△Xs-FC；Wherein △ XFCBionic coupling surface selected by C area standard hardness 500HV
Abrasion slip, △ Xs-FCAbrasion slip for this bionic coupling surface correspondence bionical coupling unit spacing.B area target wear height
For H0(1-K%), the theoretical wear height after reparation is H0[1- (△ XFB%+ △ Xs-B%)] (1-29.9%), Liang Zhexiang
Etc. can obtain：H0(1-K%)=H0[1- (△ XFB%+ △ Xs-FB%)] (1-29.9%), derive 1.426 (K-29.9)=
△XFB+△Xs-FB.Wherein △ XFBBionic coupling surface abrasion slip selected by B area standard hardness 600HV, △ Xs-FBFor this
The abrasion slip of bionic coupling surface correspondence bionical coupling unit spacing.A area target wear height is H0(1-K%), bionic coupling
Theoretical wear height after surface reconditioning is H0[1- (△ XFA%+ △ Xs-FA%)] (1-59.8%).Both are equal to obtain：H0
(1-K%)=HC[1- (△ XA%+ △ Xs-FA%)] (1-59.8%), derives 2.487 (K-59.8)=△ XFA+△
Xs-FA, wherein △ XFABionic coupling surface abrasion slip selected by A area standard hardness 700HV, △ Xs-FAFor this bionical coupling
Close the abrasion slip of surface correspondence bionical coupling unit spacing.Through comprehensive analysis, if K value is too small, after allowing for repairing
The guide rail life-span is not high, does not reach reparation purpose；If K value is excessive, the shape coupling unit of bionic coupling model will be made to trend towards
Single, just lose the meaning that different bionic coupling model division are repaired.According to practical significance, set K% value 83%, then 3rd area
The relational expression meeting is C area 83=△ XFC+△Xs-FC, B area 75.7206=△ XFB+△Xs-FB, A area 57.6984=△ XFA+△
Xs-FA, the computing formula of the abrasion slip of and same shape corresponding difference couplings unit spacing first according to different shape coupling above,
Select coupling unit's shape and corresponding coupling unit normal pitch S in A, B, C area respectivelyA、SB、SCAs follows：A area is strip coupling unit, coupling unit mark
Quasi- interval SAFor 3.4mm；B area is point bar combination coupling unit, coupling unit normal pitch SBFor 6.7mm；C area is netted coupling unit, coupling unit standard
Interval SCFor 4.2mm.
After belonging to coupling unit's shape and the normal pitch determination of coupling unit in A, B, C area, because hardness can affect the effect of coupling unit
Effect, the actual pitch in each region needs for being finely adjusted.The derivation of the relational expression of fine setting just taking A area is as a example come at this
Carry out detailed step deduction.Hardness 700HV is as A area standard hardness AA, its coupling unit normal pitch is SA, appointing of A area will be belonged to
One fine setting zone hardness value is designated as AAi, its actual pitch is SAi.By analysis, for making wear height consistent, hardness and spacing
Change be accomplished by proportional, that is, hardness difference ratio should be equal to spacing difference ratio, 1-AAi/AA=1-SAi/SA, derive SAi=
(AAi/AA)SA=(AAi/700)SA.Can obtain in the same manner, the fine setting relational expression in B area is SBi=(BBi/600)SB, the fine setting relation in C area
Formula is SCi=(CCi/500)SC.
The method that a kind of described subregion builds the regenerating waste used machine tool guideway of bionic coupling surface reconditioning, in conjunction with Fig. 1～figure
4a, Fig. 4 b, comprises the following steps that：
Step one, removes Waste machine tool guide rail residue hardened face greasy dirt and wear trace, and makes it show to planarize；
Step 2, implements concrete subregion measurement markers according to hardness scoping rules.By guide pass first laterally from middle one point
For two, cross measure hardness, according to the difference of lateral stiffness, more longitudinally probably every 50mm, region approximate for hardness is divided into one
Area, guide pass is divided into several rectangular region, carries out hardness measurement along rectangular two diagonal, and hardness number is entered
Row is average, carries out Labelling Regions according to hardness scoping rules, standard is as follows：When hardness Z is designated as A area in 650HV≤Z≤750HV,
700HV is as A area standard；When hardness is designated as B area in 550HV≤Z ＜ 650HV, 600HV is as B area standard；When hardness exists
450HV≤Z ＜ 550HV is designated as C area, and 500HV is as C area standard.Wherein belong to the n1 fine setting region in A area, be respectively labeled as
A1, A2 ... Ai ... An1, belong to n2 of B area fine setting region, be respectively labeled as B1, B2 ... Bi ... Bn2, belong to C
N3 of area fine setting region, be labeled as C1, C2 ... Ci ... Cn3；
Step 3, determines A area, the actual pitch in B area, bionical coupling unit's shape in C area and its each fine setting region coupling unit；A area
For strip coupling unit, coupling unit normal pitch SAFor 3.4mm；B area is point bar combination coupling unit, coupling unit normal pitch SBFor 6.7mm；C area is
Netted coupling unit, coupling unit normal pitch SCFor 4.2mm.Further according to space fine-adjusting relational expression：SAi=(AAi/700)SA, ask respectively successively
Go out to belong to the n1 fine setting region corresponding coupling unit spacing in A area；Relational expression is finely tuned according to B Interval Distance：SBi=(BBi/600)SB, according to
Secondary obtaining respectively belongs to n2 of B area fine setting region corresponding coupling unit actual pitch；Relational expression is finely tuned according to C Interval Distance：SCi=
(CCi/500)SC, obtain n3 fine setting region corresponding coupling unit actual pitch belonging to C area successively respectively.With fine setting coupling unit of A area
Being exemplified below of spacing：Select several regions belonging to A area, hardness number is respectively 650HV, 670HV, 730HV, 750HV, according to
The coupling unit space fine-adjusting relational expression in A area：SAi=(AAi/700)SA, obtain corresponding coupling unit interval S respectivelyA1=(650/700) ×
3.4=3.2mm, SA2=(670/700) × 3.4=3.3mm, SA3=(730/700) × 3.4=3.5mm, SA4=(750/700)
× 3.4=3.6mm.
Step 4, utilizes Laser Processing Chu Ge area bionic coupling surface reasonable in design according to the parameter that step 3 determines,
And carry out process and make it surface flattening.The laser processing parameter of bionical coupling unit is：Laser current is 180A, and pulsewidth is 6ms, frequently
Rate is 7Hz, and defocusing amount is 12mm, and scanning speed is 25mm/min.
Table 1.CA6140 waste and old lathe guide rail reparative regeneration application example.
Note：Test examples data shown in table 1 retains a decimal place；Using laser melting parameter be following ginseng
Number：Laser current is 180A, and pulsewidth is 6ms, and frequency is 7Hz, and defocusing amount is 12mm, and scanning speed is 25mm/min.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of subregion build the regenerating waste used machine tool guideway of bionic coupling surface reconditioning it is characterised in that described guide rail surface according to
Not preprosthetic hardness is descending to be divided into tri- regions of A, B, C；A area, B area, C area surface are machined with the bionical coupling of strip respectively
First, point bar assembled bionic coupling is first, netted bionical coupling unit；Each region is divided into multiple fine setting regions according to preprosthetic hardness respectively,
And respectively fine setting region is ascending with preprosthetic hardness, the ascending change of spacing of bionical coupling unit thereon.
2. subregion according to claim 1 build the regenerating waste used machine tool guideway of bionic coupling surface reconditioning it is characterised in that
Described A area, B area, the preprosthetic case hardness in C area are respectively 650HV～750HV, 550HV～650HV, 450HV～550HV.
3. subregion according to claim 2 build the regenerating waste used machine tool guideway of bionic coupling surface reconditioning it is characterised in that
Described A area strip bionical coupling unit width Aw, B area point-like bionical coupling unit diameter Bd, B area strip bionical coupling unit width Bw and
Netted bionical coupling unit of C area width C w is 1～1.6mm, depth Ah, the B area point-like of A area strip bionical coupling unit and the bionical coupling of strip
Depth B h of unit and C area netted bionical coupling unit width depth Ch is 500～1000 μm.
4. the subregion according to Claims 2 or 3 builds the regenerating waste used machine tool guideway of bionic coupling surface reconditioning, and its feature exists
Be divided in described A area n1 fine setting region, respectively A1, A2 ... Ai ... An1, to arbitrary fine setting region Ai, bar thereon
The interval S of shape bionical coupling unitAi=(AAi/700)SA, wherein AAiFor finely tuning the preprosthetic hardness of region Ai, SABionical for A area strip
The normal pitch of coupling unit, SA=3.2～3.6mm.
5. the subregion according to Claims 2 or 3 builds the regenerating waste used machine tool guideway of bionic coupling surface reconditioning, and its feature exists
Be divided in described B area n2 fine setting region, respectively B1, B2 ... Bi ... Bn2, to arbitrary fine setting region Bi, point thereon
The interval S of bar assembled bionic coupling unitBi=(BBi/600)SB, wherein BBiFor finely tuning the preprosthetic hardness of region Bi, SBFor B area point bar
The normal pitch of assembled bionic coupling unit, SB=6.1～7.1mm.
6. the subregion according to Claims 2 or 3 builds the regenerating waste used machine tool guideway of bionic coupling surface reconditioning, and its feature exists
In described C interval in be divided into n3 finely tune region, respectively C1, C2 ... Ci ... Cn3, to arbitrary fine setting region Ci, thereon
The interval S of netted bionical coupling unitCi=(CCi/500)SC, wherein CCiFor finely tuning the preprosthetic hardness of region Ci, SCFor C area point bar group
Close the normal pitch of bionical coupling unit, SC=3.8～4.5mm.
7. a kind of subregion as claimed in claim 1 builds the regeneration side of the regenerating waste used machine tool guideway of bionic coupling surface reconditioning
Method is it is characterised in that step is as follows：
Step one, removing Waste machine tool guide rail residue hardened face greasy dirt and wear trace, and make it show to planarize；
Step 2, guide rail surface is divided into multiple rectangular region, enters along rectangular two diagonal in rectangular region
Row hardness measurement is simultaneously averaged, as the hardness number of this rectangular region；Subregion is carried out according to each rectangular region hardness number；
Region in 650HV～750HV for the hardness number is designated as A area, using 700HV as A area standard hardness；Hardness number 550HV～
Region in 650HV is designated as B area, using 600HV as B area standard hardness；By region note in 450HV～550HV for the hardness number
For C area, using 500HV as C area standard hardness；Wherein A divide into n1 fine setting region, be respectively labeled as A1, A2 ...
Ai ... An1, B divide into n2 fine setting region, be respectively labeled as B1, B2 ... Bi ... Bn2, C divide into n3 finely tune area
Domain, be labeled as C1, C2 ... Ci ... Cn3；
Step 3, the bionical coupling of diameter Bd, B area strip of width Aw, B area point-like bionical coupling unit of the bionical coupling unit of setting A area strip
The width Bw of unit and C area netted bionical coupling unit width C w is 1～1.6mm, depth Ah, the B area point-like of A area strip bionical coupling unit
Depth B h of bionical coupling unit and C area netted bionical coupling unit width depth Ch is 500～1000 μm with strip；It is then determined that A area,
The actual pitch of bionical coupling unit in B area, bionical coupling unit's shape in C area and its each fine setting region；
Step 4, bionical coupling unit in the A area being determined according to step 3, B area, bionical coupling unit's shape in C area and its each fine setting region
Actual pitch, prepare the bionical coupling unit of respective shapes and spacing in guide rail surface A area, B area, C area using laser processing.
8. subregion according to claim 7 builds the renovation process of the regenerating waste used machine tool guideway of bionic coupling surface reconditioning,
It is characterized in that bionical coupling unit in the A area determining in described step 3, B area, bionical coupling unit's shape in C area and its each fine setting region
Actual pitch as follows：For fine setting region Ai arbitrary in A area, the interval S of strip bionical coupling unit thereonAi=(AAi/700)
SA, wherein AAiFor finely tuning the preprosthetic hardness of region Ai, SAFor the normal pitch of A area strip bionical coupling unit, SA=3.2～
3.6mm；For fine setting region Bi arbitrary in B area, the interval S of point bar assembled bionic coupling unit thereonBi=(BBi/600)SB, wherein
BBiFor finely tuning the preprosthetic hardness of region Bi, SBFor the normal pitch of B area point bar assembled bionic coupling unit, SB=6.1～7.1mm；
For arbitrary fine setting region Ci in C interval, the interval S of netted bionical coupling unit thereonCi=(CCi/500)SC, wherein CCiFor micro-
Adjust the preprosthetic hardness of region Ci, SCFor the normal pitch of C area point bar assembled bionic coupling unit, SC=3.8～4.5mm.
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| CN109158522A (en) * | 2018-07-10 | 2019-01-08 | 吉林大学 | Large Crankshaft mold with coupling bionic surface |
| CN108188651B (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2020-01-10 | 吉林大学 | Strengthening repair method for chromium melting and carbon melting on surface of guide rail with non-uniform wear |
| CN111390136A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-07-10 | 江苏拜欧尼克智能科技有限公司 | Ductile iron punch with bionic gradient surface and processing method thereof |
| CN113878119A (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2022-01-04 | 航发优材(镇江)增材制造有限公司 | Laser direct deposition repair method for abrasion of tight-lock coupler for high-speed rail |
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| CN108188651B (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2020-01-10 | 吉林大学 | Strengthening repair method for chromium melting and carbon melting on surface of guide rail with non-uniform wear |
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