CN1970797A - Surface quenching process based on grinding - Google Patents
Surface quenching process based on grinding Download PDFInfo
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- CN1970797A CN1970797A CNA200610135286XA CN200610135286A CN1970797A CN 1970797 A CN1970797 A CN 1970797A CN A200610135286X A CNA200610135286X A CN A200610135286XA CN 200610135286 A CN200610135286 A CN 200610135286A CN 1970797 A CN1970797 A CN 1970797A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a surface quenching technique based on abrading, which is characterized by the following: adopting cutting-typed abrasion and reciprocal abrasion pattern; setting the abrading speed between 20m/s and 35m/s with abrading depth between 0.2mm and 1.0mm; making the giving speed of working piece between 0.2m/min and 1.4m/min; freezing at dried pattern.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of grinding quench hardening complete processing, particularly relate to a kind of quenching technology for surfaces, belong to the integrated manufacturing technology of ground finish and hard surfacing field based on grinding.
Background technology
In the manufacturing processed of electromechanical components, for the performance of improving material, wear resistance and the fatigue strength that improves part, and the overall flexibility of assurance part, often need to carry out surface heat and handle it.Working accuracy and the surface quality of part after the thermal treatment in order to obtain to be scheduled to need be carried out ground finish usually.Yet existing machinofacture flow process remains in following problem: (1) mechanical workout and surface heat are handled and are difficult to realize that operation is concentrated, influence and restricted the raising of atomization degree; (2) heat that is produced in the Grinding Process, mechanical effect are with the surface quality of injuring part and influence its use properties; (3) Chang Gui surface heat treatment process has increased the pollution to ecotope of special-purpose Equipment for Heating Processing and personnel's the consumption of input, resource and the energy and thermal treatment discharge.Therefore, the heat effect of how scientifically utilizing in the Grinding Process to be produced, and, become one of Technology primary study problem that domestic and international mechanical engineering expert and scholars pay close attention in the energy consumption and the pollution that realize minimizing thermal treatment process on the basis of mechanical workout and the integrated manufacturing of hard surfacing.
So-called grinding quench hardening is to utilize the heat, the mechanical effect that produce in the Grinding Process directly workpiece to be carried out hard-faced machining new technology.The damage that it has not only avoided the heat effect the Grinding Process to cause hardened face from the source has effectively changed the negative influence of grinding heat and has realized ground finish and hard-faced integrated; And the piece surface quench-hardened case behind the grinding quench hardening can reach the effect of surface heat treatment process such as induction quenching, nitriding, shot-peening, laser surface hardening, thereby reduced Equipment for Heating Processing and personnel's the consumption of input, resource and the energy and the pollution of environment.Show by assessment, adopt grinding quench hardening technology can reduce processing charges 10%～50% oil motor dispensing dish and two kinds of parts of armature axle.This shows, the grinding quench hardening processing technology has very wide application prospect aspect the ground finish of metallic substance and the surface modification, and will bring good technical economic benefit and remarkable social benefit, become change and " given up " to " treasured " and realize one of effective way of green processing.Since the mid-90 in 20th century, industrially developed country has carried out the grinding quench hardening Study on Processing Technology in succession, and has obtained some innovation achievements.
In the Grinding Technology field, people generally believe, the grinding heat that produces in the grinding process, mechanical effect very easily cause hardened the damage on top layer of workpiece.Therefore, external relevant grinding quench hardening Study on Processing Technology mainly adopts one way plunge-cutting mode.Yet, when adopting the one way plunge-cutting, because the variation of grinding depth in the process is cut and cut out to emery wheel, cause grinding heat and workpiece surface Heating temperature to change, and then make that the depth of hardening zone of emery wheel incision section and the section of cutting out changes on the workpiece, directly influence the homogeneity of workpiece surface depth of hardening zone, the engineering that has seriously restricted grinding quench hardening technology is used.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of performance of workpiece surface quench-hardened case and the degree of depth thereof uniformly based on the quenching technology for surfaces of grinding.This technology has that technology is simple, with low cost, operation is concentrated, the advantage of realistic production requirement.
For achieving the above object, technical solution of the present invention is:
Ground finish equipment adopts surface grinding machine.The white fused alumina of emery wheel employing ceramic bond or corundum sand wheel, grinding wheel graininess are between 46#～100#, and emery wheel hardness is between K～M.Workpiece material adopts hard surfacing steel commonly used both at home and abroad, comprises middle and high structural carbon steel and medium carbon alloy steel etc.; Its pre-treatment state is quenched and tempered state, tempering attitude or annealed state, and workpiece material hardness is between 20～35HRC.
Grinding condition adopt plunge-cutting and back and forth grinding method, grinding speed between 20m/s～35m/s, grinding depth between 0.2mm～1.0mm, the workpiece speed of feed between 0.2m/min～1.4m/min, the type of cooling is the dry type air cooling.
Back and forth grinding method adopts " contrary mill+down grinding+contrary mill ...+contrary mill ", " down grinding+contrary mill+down grinding ...+contrary mill ", " contrary mill+down grinding+contrary mill ...+down grinding " or array modes such as " down grindings+contrary mill+down grinding ...+down grinding ", and the grinding stroke number is between 2 times～10 times.
After adopting such scheme, the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) the present invention adopts reciprocal grinding method, because grinding for the second time belongs to the quenched steel grinding, thermal value is bigger in the grinding process; The reciprocal heat accumulation of emery wheel and workpiece during grinding in addition, grinding temperature raises, thereby causes the degree of depth and the homogeneity thereof of the workpiece surface quench-hardened case of reciprocal grinding all to be improved; Simultaneously, also make the microhardness of workpiece surface quench-hardened case and wear resistance be higher than one way grinding skin quenched case.
(2) utilize the grinding heat that produces in the Hardened Steel Workpiece corase grind process not directly it to be carried out hard surfacing, the damage that both can avoid grinding heat to cause hardened face effectively, changed the negative influence of grinding heat, can realize ground finish and hard-faced integrated manufacturing again, reduce the manufacturing procedure of part;
(3) utilize the grinding heat that produces in the Hardened Steel Workpiece corase grind process not directly it to be carried out hard surfacing, both can reduce Equipment for Heating Processing and personnel's etc. input, can reduce the consumption of the resource and the energy and the pollution of environment again, promote the Sustainable development of machinery manufacturing industry;
(4) described quenching technology for surfaces based on grinding can guarantee that not only it is main hardened structure that the workpiece surface layer has martensite, and the existence residual compressive stress state similar to the high-frequency induction hardening layer;
(5) described quenching technology for surfaces based on grinding is introduced conveniently, invest for a short time, adopts the emery wheel of using always in the actual production to realize on the common plane grinding machine.
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with subordinate list, accompanying drawing and specific examples.
The subordinate list explanation
Table 1 is the specimen coding table of the different grindings combination adopted in the specific examples of the present invention;
Table 2 is the depth of hardening zone tabulations at workpiece surface different positions place in the specific examples of the present invention.
Description of drawings
Figure 1A is a 1# workpiece surface quench-hardened case of the present invention micro-organization chart;
Figure 1B is a 3# workpiece surface quench-hardened case of the present invention micro-organization chart;
Fig. 2 is a workpiece surface quench-hardened case microhardness issue graphic representation of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a workpiece surface depth of hardening zone saturation value comparison diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a workpiece surface quench-hardened case residual stress distribution graphic representation of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a workpiece surface quench-hardened case of the present invention cut resistance test comparison diagram as a result.
Specific implementation method
Ground finish equipment adopts M7130 type surface grinding machine with horizontal spindle and rectangular table, and workpiece material adopts domestic hard surfacing to use steel---40Cr steel always, and the pre-treatment state is a quenched and tempered state, and hardness value is 28～32HRC.It is 46# that emery wheel adopts white fused alumina flat-faced wheel, the grinding wheel graininess of ceramic bond, and hardness is L, is of a size of 350 (external diameter) * 40 (width) * 127 (internal diameter).Embodiment 1:
Adopt the processing of hardening of the reciprocal grinding skin of round trip, grinding speed is that 26.3m/s, grinding depth are that 0.5mm, workpiece speed of feed are 1.3m/min, and the type of cooling is an air cooling.
Embodiment 2:
Adopt the processing of hardening of the reciprocal grinding skin of round trip, grinding speed is that 20.3m/s, grinding depth are that 0.2mm, workpiece speed of feed are 0.2m/min, and the type of cooling is an air cooling.
Embodiment 3:
Adopt the processing of hardening of the reciprocal grinding skin of round trip, grinding speed is that 34.3m/s, grinding depth are that 1mm, workpiece speed of feed are 1.2m/min, and the type of cooling is the dry type air cooling.
Embodiment 4:
Adopt the processing of hardening of the reciprocal grinding skin of round trip, grinding speed is that 30m/s, grinding depth are that 0.8mm, workpiece speed of feed are 0.8m/min, and the type of cooling is the dry type air cooling.
The one way plunge-cutting surface hardening complete processing result of implementation contrast that the reciprocal grinding skin of round trip of the present invention hardens processing and commonly uses:
Specific examples adopts the reciprocal grinding skin of round trip to harden and the processing of one way plunge-cutting, and its grinding stroke and grinding method are made up, and array mode and corresponding specimen coding see Table 1.
The specimen coding of the different grinding combinations of table 1
| Specimen coding | The |
| 1# 2# 3# 4# | The reciprocal grinding of one way incision down grinding one way incision contrary mill round trip, (1. contrary mill+2. down grinding) reciprocal grinding of round trip, (1. down grinding+2. contrary mill) |
Fig. 1 is a workpiece surface quench-hardened case microstructure.As seen from the figure, compare with the one way plunge-cutting, back and forth the surface hardening layer tissue and the pattern thereof of grinding there is no noticeable change, and both organizing all is based on lath martensite and the hardened structure of a small amount of undissolved carbide is arranged.
Fig. 2 is the issue curve of workpiece surface quench-hardened case microhardness.As seen from the figure, one way grinding skin quench-hardened case has identical variation tendency with the microhardness of the reciprocal grinding skin quench-hardened case of round trip along the depth of hardening zone direction.In the high rigidity district, the average hardness value of one way grinding skin quench-hardened case is 670HV, a little less than the 700HV of the reciprocal grinding skin quench-hardened case of round trip.
Fig. 3 is a workpiece surface depth of hardening zone saturation value.As seen from the figure, the depth of hardening zone saturation value of 3#, 4# sample increases about 0.1mm than the depth of hardening zone saturation value of 1#, 2# sample respectively.And, the grinding method that is adopted when back and forth the workpiece surface depth of hardening zone of grinding depends primarily on its 2nd grinding, promptly contrary mill or down grinding.
Table 2 is the depths of hardening zone at workpiece surface different positions place.By table as seen, in the reciprocal grinding skin quench-hardened case of round trip, the depth of hardening zone minimum value and the saturation value degree of depth of emery wheel incision end only differ 0.1mm; In one way grinding skin quench-hardened case, the depth of hardening zone minimum value of emery wheel incision end and the difference of the saturation value degree of depth are up to 0.85mm.Reference literature " thermal treatment association of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society; " thermal treatment handbook editorial committee compiles. thermal treatment handbook-thermal treatment quality control and check (the 3rd edition). Beijing: China Machine Press; 2002 " in " induced surface hardening effective case depth fluctuation range " as can be known, the surface hardening layer depth of the reciprocal grinding of round trip meets its degree of depth fluctuation range that provides (when being single-piece effective case depth≤1.5mm, degree of depth fluctuation range is not more than 0.2mm).
Fig. 4 is a workpiece surface quench-hardened case residual stress distribution graphic representation.As seen from the figure, the unrelieved stress of one way grinding skin quench-hardened case and the reciprocal grinding skin quench-hardened case of round trip has the distribution similar to the high-frequency induction hardening layer along the penetration of hardness direction, and is residual compressive stress.Wherein, the residual compressive stress on the reciprocal grinding skin quench-hardened case of round trip surface is-336Mpa maximum residual stress-367Mpa, the about 0.75mm of the action of compressive stress degree of depth.
Fig. 5 is workpiece surface quench-hardened case cut resistance test result.As seen from the figure, after loading 30min, the abrasion loss of 1#, 3# sample is respectively 0.0039g and 0.0027g; And in entire test, the abrasion loss of 3# sample is all the time less than the 1# sample.Wherein, after loading 120min, 3# sample wear resistance has improved 20% than the 1# sample.
The depth of hardening zone (mm) at table 2 workpiece surface different positions place
| Specimen coding | The incision end | The |
| 1# 2# 3# 4# | 0.25 0.15 1.1 0.8 | 1.1 0.85 1.2 0.9 |
Of the present invention focusing on: adopt round trip or the reciprocal grinding method of multipass, not only can improve the microhardness and the depth of hardening zone of workpiece surface quench-hardened case, the more important thing is the homogeneity that can improve the workpiece surface depth of hardening zone greatly, make it satisfy requirements of actual production fully.
So all employing surface grinding machines, vitrified bonded grinding wheel also adopt reciprocal grinding method and the corase grind consumption carries out hard surfacing to hard surfacing steel commonly used and all belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (4)
1, based on the quenching technology for surfaces of grinding, it is characterized in that: adopt plunge-cutting and reciprocal grinding method, grinding speed between 20m/s～35m/s, grinding depth between 0.2mm～1.0mm, the workpiece speed of feed between 0.2m/min～1.4m/min, the type of cooling is the dry type air cooling.
2, the quenching technology for surfaces based on grinding according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the grinding stroke number of described reciprocal grinding method is between 2 times～10 times.
3, the quenching technology for surfaces based on grinding according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described workpiece material adopts hard surfacing steel commonly used both at home and abroad, comprises middle and high structural carbon steel and medium carbon alloy steel etc.; Its pre-treatment state is quenched and tempered state, tempering attitude or annealed state, and workpiece material hardness is between 20～35HRC.
4, the quenching technology for surfaces based on grinding according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the used emery wheel of grinding adopts the white fused alumina or the corundum sand wheel of ceramic bond, and grinding wheel graininess is between 46#～100#, and emery wheel hardness is between K～M.
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| CNA200610135286XA CN1970797A (en) | 2006-12-04 | 2006-12-04 | Surface quenching process based on grinding |
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| CNA200610135286XA CN1970797A (en) | 2006-12-04 | 2006-12-04 | Surface quenching process based on grinding |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103014303A (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2013-04-03 | 内蒙古北方重工业集团有限公司 | Production method of thin and long thin-plate type part |
| CN103213049A (en) * | 2013-03-19 | 2013-07-24 | 东北大学 | Prestressed quench hardening and grinding composite processing method |
| CN107617930A (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2018-01-23 | 湖南大学 | A kind of grinding and strengthening layer uniformity improves processing method |
| CN111390655A (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-07-10 | 中国航发动力股份有限公司 | High-speed large-cutting-depth grinding method for mounting end face of high-pressure turbine disc |
-
2006
- 2006-12-04 CN CNA200610135286XA patent/CN1970797A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103014303A (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2013-04-03 | 内蒙古北方重工业集团有限公司 | Production method of thin and long thin-plate type part |
| CN103213049A (en) * | 2013-03-19 | 2013-07-24 | 东北大学 | Prestressed quench hardening and grinding composite processing method |
| CN103213049B (en) * | 2013-03-19 | 2015-02-25 | 东北大学 | Prestressed quench hardening and grinding composite processing method |
| CN107617930A (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2018-01-23 | 湖南大学 | A kind of grinding and strengthening layer uniformity improves processing method |
| CN111390655A (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-07-10 | 中国航发动力股份有限公司 | High-speed large-cutting-depth grinding method for mounting end face of high-pressure turbine disc |
| CN111390655B (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2021-11-09 | 中国航发动力股份有限公司 | High-speed large-cutting-depth grinding method for mounting end face of high-pressure turbine disc |
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