CN113877947A - Method for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil by using willow-alfalfa configuration mode - Google Patents
Method for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil by using willow-alfalfa configuration mode Download PDFInfo
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- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 241000219823 Medicago Species 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 241000124033 Salix Species 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 235000017587 Medicago sativa ssp. sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 241000218998 Salicaceae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009342 intercropping Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 4
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- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003321 atomic absorption spectrophotometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009343 monoculture Methods 0.000 description 2
- TVBSSDNEJWXWFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid perchloric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O.OCl(=O)(=O)=O TVBSSDNEJWXWFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 2
- DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N (R)-camphor Chemical compound C1C[C@@]2(C)C(=O)C[C@@H]1C2(C)C DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000723346 Cinnamomum camphora Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004212 Combretum erythrophyllum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000375329 Combretum erythrophyllum Species 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011201 Ginkgo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000194101 Ginkgo biloba Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008100 Ginkgo biloba Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000219000 Populus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000218682 Pseudolarix amabilis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000646858 Salix arbusculoides Species 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005370 electroosmosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003802 soil pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003900 soil pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for remedying heavy metal contaminated soil in a willow-alfalfa configuration mode, namely, shrub willows with strong heavy metal tolerance and alfalfa are configured and combined to be planted (the density is 1:20-1:40 plants/m)2) In the soil polluted by heavy metals (cadmium, arsenic and lead), the enrichment of heavy metals (cadmium, arsenic and lead) in willow and alfalfa is promoted through the synergistic effect of the rhizosphere and root systems of the two plants; the greening plant combination fixing and repairing technology is simple to operate, low in cost, green and environment-friendly, has a landscape effect and has high popularization and application values.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of heavy metal contaminated soil phytoremediation, in particular to a method for remedying cadmium, arsenic and lead contamination in soil by using a willow-alfalfa configuration mode.
Background
Soil heavy metal pollution directly affects the environment quality of a production area of a cultivated land, causes ecological dysfunction of the production area environment, loss of biodiversity and harm to human health, and has been generally concerned by the society. Particularly, the heavy metal pollution of agricultural products producing areas in China is solved, the quality safety of the agricultural products is guaranteed, and the safety level of ecological environment is improved, which is very slow.
The soil heavy metal restoration technology mainly comprises a physical restoration technology, a chemical restoration technology, an electric restoration technology and a biological restoration technology. The physical soil repairing method mainly comprises a soil-moving method, a soil-changing method, a deep ploughing and turning method, an isolation embedding method and a thermal recovery method. The chemical remediation mechanism is that chemical substances are added to change the chemical properties of soil, so that the heavy metal form and the biological effectiveness thereof are directly or indirectly changed, and the absorption of plants to heavy metals is inhibited or reduced, and the chemical remediation mechanism mainly comprises a chemical modifier method, a chemical leaching method, a chemical grid method and the like. The electric restoration means that an electrode pair is inserted into the polluted soil, low direct current is applied, heavy metal ions are transported to an electrode chamber through two mechanisms of electroosmosis and electromigration under the action of an electric field, and are intensively treated through an engineered collection system, so that pollutants are finally enriched near an electrode area or enter an electrolytic bath. The bioremediation technology is to utilize plants and animals, particularly a method of adding microorganisms to degrade soil pollutants, so as to achieve the purpose of relieving or removing environmental pollutants. The problems of poor economic applicability, poor ecological friendliness, difficulty in large-scale application and the like exist in physical, chemical and electric remediation, so that a biological remediation method represented by phytoremediation becomes a main research direction for remedying the heavy metal pollution of soil.
Chinese patent application No. CN 20091002458.6 discloses the remediation of soil contaminated with heavy metal cadmium with willow (suzux J1011) and the use of synthetic chelating agents such as EDTA to improve phytoremediation efficiency. The addition of the chelating agent increases the available state of heavy metals and promotes cadmium enrichment of willows, but the addition of the chelating agent also destroys the structure of soil. Chinese patent application No. CN201710328899.3 discloses an application of goldenlarch configuration combination in fixing heavy metals in soil, which gives consideration to landscape and economic benefits while repairing heavy metals, but the used greening plants such as ginkgo, cinnamomum camphora, poplar, etc. have low concentration of enriched heavy metals and do not form a mode of high-low collocation to fully utilize space, and the concentration of cadmium enrichment is lower than 2 mg/kg, the patent has low concentration of cadmium enrichment, and cannot meet practical application. Therefore, providing a high-efficiency soil heavy metal (cadmium, arsenic, lead) bioremediation method has become an urgent technical problem to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for repairing cadmium, arsenic and lead pollution in soil by using a willow-alfalfa configuration mode, aiming at the problem of repairing heavy metal pollution in soil. The configuration mode can promote the enrichment of heavy metals cadmium, arsenic and lead by rhizosphere synergistic action of willow and alfalfa, and has the characteristics of good heavy metal removal effect, good economic applicability and high landscape value.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
1. ploughing and crushing the heavy metal contaminated soil to form ridges of 2m multiplied by 10 m, and forming drainage channels between the ridges to facilitate drainage.
2. Selecting clonal willow branches, cutting into 5 cm long sticks with diameter of about 1-3 cm. And (3) placing the cut skewers in a Hoagland culture solution (conventional culture solution) for seedling culture for 4 weeks to grow into seedlings with the height of 15-20 cm.
3. Planting the grown sapling in the ploughed soil polluted by heavy metals of cadmium, arsenic and lead, and sowing alfalfa seeds. After one month, thinning out seedlings, and enabling the planting density of the willow and the alfalfa to be 1:20-1: 40/square meter. After 1 year, the willow grows to 4-5m, the alfalfa is about 0.5-1.2m, and willow and alfalfa plants can synergistically enrich heavy metals in soil so as to realize the restoration of the soil polluted by the heavy metals.
In the application, the term "heavy metal contaminated soil" refers to soil with cadmium, arsenic and lead concentrations higher than screening values in management and control standards (trial) for soil pollution risk in agricultural land of soil environmental quality (GB 15618-.
The willow-alfalfa configuration mode provided by the invention is used in a method for restoring heavy metal (cadmium, arsenic and lead) polluted soil, the willow and the alfalfa form a high-low matched space structure, the space is reasonably utilized, and a landscape for viewing is formed. Furthermore, the willow is shrub willow (the shrub willow has the characteristics of short overground part, multiple branches and beautiful shape compared with arbor willow and is more suitable for greening), and the alfalfa is alfalfa (has the characteristic of beautiful color compared with other alfalfa varieties).
In practical application, after planting for 1 year by using the willow-alfalfa configuration mode, yao cutting is carried out on willow and alfalfa, and centralized treatment (such as power plant incineration, landfill and the like) after leaving the field is carried out, so that heavy metal pollutants are treated.
The method utilizes a willow-alfalfa configuration mode to repair heavy metal (cadmium, arsenic and lead) polluted soil, and the principle is that the nitrogen fixation effect of the alfalfa root system and the organic acid secreted by the willow root system form a synergistic effect, so that the enrichment of heavy metals in willow and alfalfa plants is promoted. This synergistic effect is manifested in particular as: the alfalfa root system provides a nitrogen source for the willow through nitrogen fixation so as to promote the growth of the willow and increase the enrichment of heavy metals in the willow; the micromolecular organic acid secreted by the willow root system can promote the activation of the heavy metal in the soil, thereby promoting the enrichment of the heavy metal in the alfalfa. Thereby enriching the heavy metal in the soil into plants, reducing the free heavy metal in the soil and realizing the restoration of the soil polluted by the heavy metal. Under the configuration mode of the willow-alfalfa, the plant has high heavy metal tolerance and enrichment capacity, the concentration of cadmium in the willow and the alfalfa is 41.58-155.18 mg/kg and 7.59-14.49 mg/kg respectively, the concentration of cadmium in the willow and the alfalfa is far higher than the concentration of cadmium in the plant in the current bioremediation report, the ornamental value is considered, and the large-scale popularization value is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the concentration of cadmium in roots, stems and leaves of willow in single-cropping mode and intercropping mode.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the concentration of cadmium in roots, stems and leaves in the alfalfa single cropping mode and the intercropping mode.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the concentration of lead in roots, stems and leaves of willow in the single cropping mode and the intercropping mode.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the concentration of lead in roots, stems and leaves in the alfalfa single cropping mode and the intercropping mode.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the concentration of arsenic in roots after planting in low, medium and high arsenic contaminated soil in a willow single cropping mode and an intercropping mode.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the arsenic concentration in roots after planting in low, medium and high arsenic contaminated soil in alfalfa single cropping mode and intercropping mode.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The experimental position is located in the Xueshan town of Yixing city of Jiangsu province, and the farmland soil contains various heavy metal pollutants such as cadmium, lead, arsenic and the like. This example performed a remediation test for cadmium in soil: through detection, the cadmium content in the heavy metal contaminated farmland in the embodiment is 9.62 mg/kg (determined according to GB/T17141-1997).
The specific repair mode (intercropping mode) is as follows:
1. soil is ploughed and crushed in the spring of 2018 (in 3 months) to form ridges of 2m multiplied by 10 m, and drainage channels are formed among the ridges to facilitate drainage.
2. Selecting clonal shrub willow branches, and cutting into 5 cm long sticks with the diameter of about 1-3 cm. Willow skewers are from the experimental base of the eight diagrams of Nanjing university (118.785846 DEG E, 32.180635 DEG N, bush willow). The cut skewers are placed in a Howland culture solution (purchased from Nanjing Hertz Biotechnology Limited) for seedling culture for 4 weeks to grow into seedlings with the height of 15-20 cm.
3. Planting the grown sapling in the ploughed soil polluted by heavy metal cadmium, and sowing alfalfa seeds (purchased in Jiangsu Yaju breed). After one month, thinning out the seedlings, and enabling the density of the willow and the alfalfa to be 1:20 per square meter. The planting density of the single crop willow is 1 square meter per plant, and the planting density of the single crop alfalfa is 1 square meter and 20 plants. The willow grows to 4-5m after 1 year, and the alfalfa grows to about 0.5-1.2 m.
In this example, comparative examples were set up as willow and alfalfa alone.
Heavy metal cadmium in plants is determined by using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry after being digested by nitric acid perchloric acid (GB/T5009.15-2014). Growth between intercropping and monoculture mode did not show significant differences during the experiment due to reasonable planting density arrangement.
The cadmium content in the roots, stems and leaves of willows and alfalfa planted in the single cropping mode and the intercropping mode is detected, and the result is shown in a figure 1 and a figure 2. The average concentration of cadmium in roots, stems and leaves of the single crop willow is respectively as follows: 30.54 mg/kg, 59.16 mg/kg, 225.45 mg/kg; the average concentration of the root, stem and leaf in the intercropping willow is 41.58 mg/kg, 78.56 mg/kg and 155.18 mg/kg respectively; the average concentration of cadmium in the root, stem and leaf of the single-crop alfalfa is as follows: 11.07 mg/kg, 7.78 mg/kg, 5.53 mg/kg; the average concentration of roots, stems and leaves in the intercropping alfalfa is 14.49 mg/kg, 10.82 mg/kg and 7.59 mg/kg respectively. Therefore, the intercropping mode of willow and alfalfa promotes the enrichment of cadmium in roots and stems of willow, and simultaneously promotes the enrichment of cadmium in roots, stems and leaves of alfalfa.
Example 2
This example addresses remediation of contaminant lead in soil. The lead content in the soil is 282.58 mg/kg (determined according to GB/T17141-1997).
The planting mode and the implementation place of the embodiment are the same as those of the embodiment 1, except that the planting density ratio of the willow and the alfalfa in the embodiment is 1: 30.
Heavy metal lead in plants was determined by digestion with nitric acid perchloric acid (GB/T5009.15-2014) followed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Growth between intercropping and monoculture mode did not show significant differences during the experiment due to reasonable planting density arrangement.
The lead content in the roots, stems and leaves of the willows and the alfalfa planted in the single cropping mode and the intercropping mode is detected, the result is shown in a figure 3 and a figure 4, and the average lead concentration in the roots, the stems and the leaves of the single cropping willows are respectively as follows: 30.92 mg/kg, 2.05 mg/kg, 3.39 mg/kg; the average concentration of the root, stem and leaf in the intercropping willow is 37.66 mg/kg, 3.37 mg/kg and 8.58 mg/kg respectively; the average lead concentration in the root, stem and leaf of the single-crop alfalfa is respectively as follows: 13.31 mg/kg, 3.27 mg/kg, 3.32 mg/kg; the average concentration of the root, stem and leaf in the intercropping alfalfa is 20.80 mg/kg, 4.06 mg/kg and 8.66 mg/kg respectively.
Therefore, the intercropping mode of willow and alfalfa promotes the enrichment of lead in roots, stems and leaves of willow, and simultaneously promotes the enrichment of lead in roots, stems and leaves of alfalfa.
Example 3
This embodiment restores to pollutant arsenic in the soil, and through the detection, arsenic content in the soil of different sampling points is as follows: the low concentration is 20.55 mg/kg, the medium concentration is 78.55 mg/kg, and the high concentration is 95.56 mg/kg (determined according to GB/T22105.2-2008).
The planting mode and the implementation place of the embodiment are the same as those of the embodiment 1, except that the planting density ratio of the willow and the alfalfa in the embodiment is 1: 40.
The arsenic content in the roots, stems and leaves of the willows and the alfalfa planted in the single cropping mode and the intercropping mode is detected, the results are shown in fig. 5 and fig. 6, and the experiments only detect the arsenic enrichment in the willows and the alfalfa because the willows and the alfalfa only enrich arsenic in the roots, and the stems and the leaves almost can be ignored.
The average arsenic concentrations in the roots of the single cropping willows planted in the low-concentration, medium-concentration and high-concentration polluted soil are respectively as follows: 0.52 mg/kg, 4.40 mg/kg, 5.26 mg/kg; the average arsenic concentrations in intercropping willow roots planted in low-concentration, medium-concentration and high-concentration polluted soil are respectively as follows: 1.52 mg/kg, 7.33 mg/kg, 44.70 mg/kg; the average concentration of arsenic in the alfalfa roots planted in the low-concentration, medium-concentration and high-concentration polluted soil is as follows: 0.16 mg/kg, 1.55 mg/kg, 1.59 mg/kg; the average concentration of arsenic in the alfalfa roots planted in the low-concentration, medium-concentration and high-concentration polluted soil is as follows: 0.33 mg/kg, 1.63 mg/kg, 2.89 mg/kg; therefore, the mode of intercropping the willow and the alfalfa promotes the enrichment of arsenic by the willow roots and simultaneously promotes the enrichment of arsenic by the alfalfa roots.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, and these modifications belong to the protective scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A willow-alfalfa configuration mode is used for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil, and is characterized in that willows are configured and planted in the heavy metal contaminated soil to enrich heavy metals in the soil;
the planting density of willow is 1/m2Alfalfa planting densityThe degree is 20-40 pieces/m2。
2. The willow-alfalfa configuration mode of claim 1, wherein the heavy metal comprises at least one of cadmium, arsenic and lead.
3. The method for remedying the heavy metal contaminated soil by using the willow-alfalfa configuration mode according to claim 1 or 2, which comprises the following specific steps:
1) cutting willow branches into 5 cm long cuttage branches with the diameter of 1-3 cm, and then placing the willow branches in a Howland culture solution to cultivate willow seedlings with the length of 15-20 cm;
2) planting willow seedling in heavy metal contaminated soil, and sowing alfalfa seeds, wherein the planting density ratio of willow to alfalfa is 1: 20-40/m2So as to realize the enrichment of heavy metals in the soil.
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Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
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| 卫泽斌等: "间套作体系在污染土壤修复中的应用研究进展", 《农业环境科学学报》 * |
| 施维林等: "《普通高等院校环境科学与工程类系列规划教材 土壤污染与修复》", 30 June 2018, 中国建材工业出版社 * |
| 杨涛等: "新疆杨树-紫花苜蓿林草复合系统中根系分布特征及生产力", 《干旱地区农业研究》 * |
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