CN113877943A

CN113877943A - Kitchen waste high-temperature aerobic composting system

Info

Publication number: CN113877943A
Application number: CN202111319473.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张燕; 孙燕; 雷强; 刘啟明
Original assignee: Nanchang Environmental Science Research Institute Co ltd
Current assignee: Nanchang Environmental Science Research Institute Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-11-09
Filing date: 2021-11-09
Publication date: 2022-01-04

Abstract

The invention discloses a kitchen waste high-temperature aerobic composting system which comprises a waste crushing component, an oil and salt removing component, an iron removing component and a composting system. The invention realizes the full pretreatment of the kitchen waste, completely crushes the treated waste, is beneficial to the subsequent aerobic composting process, greatly shortens the composting time, obviously improves the effect and realizes the recycling of the kitchen waste.

Description

Kitchen waste high-temperature aerobic composting system

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of garbage treatment equipment, in particular to a kitchen garbage high-temperature aerobic composting system.

Background

The kitchen waste refers to perishable organic waste such as discarded fruit and vegetable and food leftovers, melon and fruit peels and other wastes such as metal, glass and the like in daily life of a family. The kitchen waste has the characteristics of high organic matter content, high water content, high oil and salt content and the like, and needs to be properly treated.

The kitchen waste yield is gradually increased, and a heavy burden is caused on the self-repairing capability of the environment. How to effectively treat kitchen waste and green sustainable waste treatment become one of the current environmental problems.

The kitchen waste has the characteristics of harmfulness and resource, and can generate good environmental benefit and economic benefit when being treated properly; therefore, the suitable green and sustainable kitchen garbage disposal mode becomes a current difficult point and a hot point problem.

The resource utilization method of the kitchen waste mainly comprises anaerobic digestion, aerobic composting, biological feed, insect breeding, heat treatment technology, biological refining and production of high value-added chemicals and the like. Each technology has advantages and disadvantages, and the improvement and the update of the prior art are the main lines of kitchen garbage treatment in the future; many experts and scholars are also dedicated to reducing the risk of new environmental pollution brought by kitchen waste treatment technology.

The feed treatment technology has the advantages of high mechanization degree, high recycling degree, small occupied area and the like, but can not avoid the problem of protein homology, the industry disputes a lot, and the feed treatment technology is not used as a main push process for treating the kitchen waste before the uncertainty of the kitchen waste feed treatment in the policy level. The composting technology is simple; but easily produces bad smell, affects the surrounding environment and causes soil salinization. The aerobic biological treatment technology has the advantages of short treatment time, high automation degree and the like; but the investment cost is high, and the processing capacity of a single device is limited. The anaerobic fermentation treatment technology can realize harmlessness and recycling, accords with the national energy policy, maximally recovers the grease in the kitchen garbage, purifies or processes the grease into industrial raw materials, and simultaneously prevents the waste grease from returning to a dining table; however, the technology has large investment, relatively complex process and long investment recovery period, and has high requirement on the stability of equipment operation in the industrial utilization process, the treatment effect can be directly influenced by the crushing degree and the sufficiency of the garbage, but the currently used equipment has poor crushing and cleaning effects in the pretreatment of the garbage, and the subsequent fermentation treatment process is restricted.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a high-temperature aerobic composting system for kitchen waste, which comprises a waste crushing component, an oil and salt removing component, an iron removing component and a composting system;

the garbage crushing assembly comprises a group of crushing wheel drums, two crushing wheel drums are arranged close to each other and used for extruding moisture in kitchen garbage, a rotating shaft of each crushing wheel drum is connected with a first motor through a gear box, and the two crushing wheel drums are driven by the first motor to rotate to realize extrusion; a shredding box is arranged under the crushing wheel drum, at least two groups of rotating cutters are arranged in the shredding box, each rotating cutter comprises a rotating rod and a blade, the rotating rods are connected with a second motor, the rotating rods are driven by the second motor to rotate, the blades are arranged on the rotating rods, the blades are driven in the rotating process of the rotating rods to cut and crush garbage, the upper end and the lower end of the shredding box are both open, an upper cover plate and a lower cover plate are respectively arranged at the upper end opening and the lower end opening of the shredding box, the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate are respectively connected with a hydraulic cylinder, and the hydraulic cylinder drives the upper cover plate or the lower cover plate to move so as to open or close the upper end opening or the lower end opening; the shredding box is also internally provided with a hot air nozzle which is externally connected with a hot air blower; the garbage crushing assembly further comprises a crushed material reworking subassembly, the crushed material reworking subassembly comprises two rotating rings which are parallel to each other, a garbage tray is arranged between the two rotating rings, the garbage tray is hinged to the two rotating rings in a hinged mode, a ratchet wheel is arranged at the hinged position of the garbage tray and the rotating rings, a waist-shaped through hole groove is machined in the garbage tray, the waist-shaped through hole groove extends obliquely upwards, a clamping rod is arranged in the waist-shaped through hole groove, a gravity hammer is hung on the clamping rod, and the clamping rod is erected on the ratchet wheel; the rotating ring is also provided with an annular rod, an annular through hole matched with the annular rod is processed on the garbage tray, and the annular rod can extend into the annular through hole in the rotating process of the garbage tray; one end of the annular rod is hinged with a fixed clamping block, and the other end of the annular rod is provided with a rubber cushion block; the bottom of the garbage tray is also fixedly provided with a heavy object block, so that the gravity center of the whole garbage tray is positioned below the rotating ring, the bottom of the garbage tray is provided with an electric screen, the garbage tray can be driven by the rotating ring to rotate to the position right below the shredding box, the axis of the rotating ring is connected with a servo motor, the servo motor drives the rotating ring to rotate, and the servo motor is connected with a controller; a concave conveying belt is arranged under the crushed aggregate reworking subassembly and comprises conveying wheels and conveying belts which are arranged on two sides, and the outer sides of the conveying wheels on the two sides are tilted to form inclined planes; the two sides of the conveying belt are conveying areas, the middle part of the conveying belt is a water permeable area, the conveying areas are tensioned on the conveying wheels and used for driving the conveying belt to move forward, and the water permeable areas are made of filter cloth; the transmission wheel is connected with a third motor, and the third motor drives the transmission belt to transmit; an oil and salt removing assembly is further arranged between the two transmission wheels;

the oil and salt removing assembly comprises a cleaning oil removing pipe, a waste liquid tank, a liquid pump and a hot air blower, and the cleaning oil removing pipe is positioned right above the concave conveying belt; the inner cavity of the cleaning oil pipe is divided into a front end cavity and a rear end cavity, the rear end cavity is divided into an upper layer cavity and a lower layer cavity, the lower layer cavity is connected with the liquid pump through a pipeline, the liquid pump is connected with the waste liquid box, and the waste liquid box is positioned right below the concave conveying belt; the upper layer cavity is connected with the hot air blower through a pipeline; the lower surface of the cleaning oil removing pipe is provided with a nozzle; the front end cavity is communicated with the upper layer cavity; the part of the concave conveying belt extending out of the waste liquid tank forms an iron removing part, and the iron removing component is arranged right above the iron removing part;

the iron removing assembly comprises an electromagnet and a transmission part, the transmission part comprises a belt pulley and a belt, the belt pulley is connected with a fourth motor, and the fourth motor drives the belt pulley to transmit; the front end of the transmission part is partially overlapped with the concave transmission belt in the vertical direction, the electromagnet is arranged right above the front end of the transmission part and is connected with the controller, and the controller controls the electromagnet to supply power; an iron material collecting box is arranged right below the rear end of the transmission part;

the composting system is arranged right below the tail end of the concave conveying belt and is used for further composting the treated garbage;

the first motor, the second motor, the hydraulic cylinder, the electric screen, the servo motor, the third motor, the fourth motor, the hot air blower, the liquid pump and the hot air blower are respectively connected with the controller through leads.

Furthermore, four garbage trays are arranged, and the garbage trays are arranged at equal intervals along the annular array of the central axis of the rotating ring.

Furthermore, a slope groove is arranged above the crushing wheel drums and is used for intensively guiding the garbage between the two crushing wheel drums for crushing.

The invention also discloses a method for performing composting pretreatment on the kitchen waste by using the kitchen waste high-temperature aerobic composting system, which comprises the following steps:

(1) crushing garbage: a system power supply is started, the controller is started to control the system to start working, the controller outputs instructions to the first motor, the third motor, the fourth motor, the hot air blower, the liquid pump, the electromagnet and the hydraulic cylinder, the first motor and the third motor are controlled to rotate, the crushing wheel drum is driven to rotate, and power is supplied to the electromagnet to generate magnetism; simultaneously controlling the hydraulic cylinder to open the upper cover plate, wherein the lower cover plate is in a covering state; pouring kitchen waste into the slope groove, crushing hard waste when the waste enters between the two crushing wheel drums, and extruding and dehydrating the waste with moisture; the rolled garbage falls into the shredding box, the hydraulic cylinder is controlled by a controller manually to cover the upper cover plate, the second motor is started to rotate, the rotary cutter starts to rotate to cut and crush the garbage in the shredding box, the hot air blower is controlled by the controller to be started in the cutting process, and certain drying and dewatering effects are performed on the garbage in the cutting process; after cutting, outputting an instruction to the hydraulic cylinder manually through a controller, and simultaneously opening the electric screen, the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate to enable the garbage scraps in the cutting box to fall into the garbage tray, wherein the garbage scraps with good cutting property and small granularity fall onto the concave conveying belt after being screened by the electric screen on the garbage tray, and the garbage with insufficient cutting property and large granularity stays in the garbage tray; after screening is finished, the servo motor is controlled by the controller to rotate for a certain angle, so that the rear garbage tray rotates to a position right below the shredding box, and the garbage tray with residual large-particle garbage rotates upwards; in the process that the garbage tray with the residual large-particle garbage rotates upwards, the garbage tray always rotates around the hinged part under the action of the heavy object blocks, so that the garbage tray is always kept balanced when rotating out, and the garbage in the garbage tray is prevented from being poured out; the ratchet wheel prevents the garbage tray from shaking violently in the rotating process; on the other hand, when the garbage tray is positioned under the shredding box, the fixed clamping blocks hinged to the end parts of the annular rods naturally droop under the action of gravity, so that the fixed clamping blocks are flush with the annular rods, and the annular rods can be accommodated into the annular through holes; therefore, in the process of rolling out the garbage tray, the garbage tray rotates relative to the hinged position of the garbage tray and the rotating ring, so that the annular rod is accommodated in the annular through hole; when the garbage tray at the rear rotates to a position right below the shredding box, the garbage tray with residual large-particle garbage is just positioned at the leftmost side of the rotating ring, the servo motor stops rotating and transmits a signal to the controller, the controller controls the hydraulic cylinder to open the upper cover plate, the lower cover plate is in a covering state, and the garbage of the next batch is crushed; at the moment, the rubber cushion block at the other end of the annular rod props against the bottom of the garbage tray, so that the garbage tray is gradually inclined in the process of continuously upwards rotating along with the rotating ring; when the garbage tray is positioned at the leftmost side of the rotating ring, an operator can add new garbage to be treated into the garbage tray; when the garbage tray gradually rotates to the position above the slope groove, the inclination of the garbage tray is larger, garbage in the garbage tray falls into the slope groove under the action of gravity, and new garbage and the garbage which is not completely crushed in the previous batch are poured into the next batch of garbage for treatment; when the garbage tray rotates to a position which is on the right side of the highest point of the rotating ring, the gravity hammer pulls down the clamping rod under the action of gravity to enable the clamping rod to be separated from the ratchet wheel, the garbage tray can normally rotate clockwise around a hinge point, at the moment, under the action of the heavy object block, the garbage tray rotates clockwise gradually, when the clamping rod moves to the side wall of the ratchet wheel, the clamping rod cannot move continuously, the garbage tray stops rotating, and the garbage tray is in a horizontal state; in the rotation process of the garbage tray, the annular rod gradually extends out of the annular through hole; when the garbage tray stops rotating, the tail end of the annular rod is separated from the annular through hole, and the fixed clamping block is rotationally clamped outside the annular through hole due to the action of gravity, so that the annular rod is prevented from being accommodated into the annular through hole; when the garbage tray rotates to a position right below the shredding box again, the fixed clamping block naturally sags due to the action of gravity, so that the fixed clamping block is flush with the annular rod, and the annular rod can be retracted into the annular through hole again for next material receiving;

(2) oil and salt removal of garbage: the garbage fragments screened by the electric screen mesh fall into the concave conveying belt, and the concave conveying belt is conveyed forwards slowly to drive the garbage fragments to be conveyed forwards slowly; simultaneously, the liquid pump pumps the ethanol solution in the waste liquid tank into a cleaning and desalting oil pipe, and then the ethanol solution is sprayed out of a water permeable area in the middle of the concave conveying belt through a nozzle of the cleaning and desalting oil pipe to carry out oil and salt removing treatment on garbage on the concave conveying belt; the cleaned ethanol solution permeates through a middle water permeable area and then falls back into the waste liquid tank; after the garbage scraps are conveyed to the front end cavity section of the cleaning and oil removing pipe and enter the rear end cavity section, hot air sprayed from the rear end cavity section dries the oil-removed garbage;

(3) iron removal: when the dried garbage scraps enter the front end electromagnet part of the transmission part, ferromagnetic substances are attracted and attached to the belt by the electromagnet, and the ferromagnetic substances are gradually separated from the electromagnet area in the forward transmission process of the belt and finally fall into the iron material collecting box to complete the separation of the ferromagnetic substances in the garbage;

(4) composting and fermenting: and non-ferromagnetic garbage is conveyed on the concave conveying belt and finally falls into the composting system for composting and fermentation.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention realizes the full pretreatment of the kitchen waste, completely crushes the treated waste, is beneficial to the subsequent aerobic composting process, greatly shortens the composting time, obviously improves the effect and realizes the recycling of the kitchen waste.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of the concave conveying belt according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the hinge joint of the garbage tray and the rotating ring (not containing heavy objects);

fig. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the end of the annular rod.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described with reference to the following embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Example 1

A kitchen waste high-temperature aerobic composting system comprises a waste crushing component, an oil and salt removing component, an iron removing component and a composting system. The rubbish crushing unit includes a set of crushing wheel drum 1, crushing wheel drum 1 is equipped with two that are close to each other, and crushing wheel drum 1 is arranged in extruding the moisture in the rubbish from cooking, and crushing wheel drum 1's pivot is connected with first motor through the gear box, drives two crushing wheel drums 1 by first motor and rotates and realize the extrusion. And a slope groove 2 is arranged above the crushing wheel drum 1 and is used for intensively guiding the garbage between the two crushing wheel drums for crushing. Be equipped with shredding box 3 under crushing wheel drum 1, be equipped with two sets of rotary knives in shredding box 3, the rotary knife includes bull stick 4 and blade 5, and the second motor is connected to bull stick 4, drives the bull stick by the second motor and rotates, is equipped with blade 5 on the bull stick, and the bull stick rotates the in-process and drives the blade and cut rubbish breakage, shredding box 3's the equal opening of upper end and lower extreme, shredding box's upper end and lower extreme opening part are equipped with upper cover plate 6 and lower apron 7 respectively, upper cover plate 6 and lower apron 7 are connected with the pneumatic cylinder respectively, by the pneumatic cylinder drives upper cover plate 6 or lower apron 7 and removes the realization upper end or lower extreme open-ended are opened or closed. The shredding box 3 is also internally provided with a hot air nozzle 8, and the hot air nozzle 8 is externally connected with a hot air blower. The garbage crushing assembly further comprises a crushed material reworking subassembly, the crushed material reworking subassembly comprises two mutually parallel rotating rings 9, garbage trays 10 are arranged between the two rotating rings 9, the garbage trays 10 are erected and hinged on the two rotating rings 9, the garbage trays 10 are four, and the garbage trays 10 are arranged along the central axis annular array of the rotating rings 9 at equal intervals. The hinge joint of the garbage tray 10 and the rotating ring 9 is provided with a ratchet 11, a waist-shaped through hole groove 12 is processed on the garbage tray 10, the waist-shaped through hole groove 12 extends obliquely upwards, a clamping rod 13 is arranged in the waist-shaped through hole groove 12, a gravity hammer 14 is hung on the clamping rod 13, and the clamping rod 13 is erected on the ratchet 11. An annular rod 16 is further arranged on the rotating ring 9, an annular through hole 17 matched with the annular rod 16 is processed on the garbage tray 10, and the annular rod 16 can extend into the annular through hole 17 in the rotating process of the garbage tray 10; one end of the annular rod 16 is hinged with a fixed fixture block 18, and the other end is provided with a rubber cushion block 19. The bottom of rubbish tray 10 still is fixed with heavy object piece 20 and makes the focus of whole rubbish tray 10 be located the below of swivel becket 9, and the bottom of rubbish tray 10 is equipped with electronic screen cloth 21, rubbish tray 10 can be driven by swivel becket 9 and rotate under shredding box 3, the axle center of swivel becket 9 is connected with servo motor, is driven swivel becket 9 by servo motor and rotates. The servo motor is connected with the controller. Concave transmission band 22 is equipped with under the crushed aggregates subassembly of doing over again, concave transmission band 22 is including the transmission wheel 23 and the transmission band 24 that are located both sides, the transmission wheel 23 outside perk of both sides becomes the inclined plane. The both sides of transmission band 24 are transmission area 25, and the middle part is the district 26 of permeating water, transmission area 25 tensioning is in on the transmission wheel for drive the transmission band and advance, the district 26 of permeating water is made by filter cloth. The transmission wheel is connected with a third motor, and the third motor drives the transmission belt to transmit; and an oil and salt removing assembly is also arranged between the two transmission wheels. The oil and salt removing assembly comprises a cleaning oil removing pipe 27, a waste liquid tank 28, a liquid pump 29 and a hot air blower 30, and the cleaning oil removing pipe is positioned right above the concave conveying belt 22; the inner chamber that washs except that oil pipe 27 divide into front end chamber and rear end chamber, the rear end chamber divide into upper and lower two-layer chamber, lower floor's chamber 31 passes through the pipe connection liquid pump 29, liquid pump 29 connects waste liquid case 28, and waste liquid case 28 is located under spill transmission band 22. The upper chamber 33 is connected to the hot air blower 30 through a pipe. The lower surface of the cleaning oil removing pipe is provided with a nozzle 32. The front end chamber communicates with the upper chamber 33. The part that the spill transmission band stretches out the waste liquid case forms deironing portion 34, be equipped with directly over deironing portion 34 the deironing subassembly. The deironing subassembly includes electro-magnet 35 and transmission part, transmission part includes belt pulley 36 and belt 37, and belt pulley 36 is connected with the fourth motor, drives the belt pulley transmission by the fourth motor. The front end of the transport member overlaps the concave transport belt portion in the vertical direction, and the electromagnet 35 is provided directly above the front end of the transport member. The electromagnet 35 is connected with the controller, and the controller controls the electromagnet to supply power. An iron material collecting box 38 is arranged right below the rear end of the transmission part; the composting system 39 is arranged right below the tail end of the concave conveying belt and is used for further composting the treated garbage; the first motor, the second motor, the hydraulic cylinder, the electric screen, the servo motor, the third motor, the fourth motor, the hot air blower, the liquid pump and the hot air blower are respectively connected with the controller through leads.

The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail above, and for those skilled in the art, the ideas according to the embodiments of the present invention may be changed in the specific implementation manners and the application ranges, and in summary, the content of the present description should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A kitchen waste high-temperature aerobic composting system is characterized by comprising a waste crushing component, an oil and salt removing component, an iron removing component and a composting system;

2. The kitchen waste high-temperature aerobic composting system of claim 1 wherein there are four waste trays, each arranged in an annular array along the central axis of the rotating ring at equal intervals.

3. The kitchen waste high-temperature aerobic composting system as claimed in claim 2 wherein a sloping chute is provided above the crushing drum for intensively directing the waste between the two crushing drums for crushing.

4. The method for pre-composting kitchen waste by using a high-temperature aerobic composting system as claimed in claim 3, wherein the steps comprise: