CN110841913A - Pretreatment system and method for household garbage - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a pretreatment system for household garbage, which includes a multifunctional manual sorting belt conveyor for picking out large items, glass and metal objects, and the remaining garbage enters a household garbage breaking bag breaking device; The broken bag breaking device is used to take out the garbage from the packaging bag and break it up and send it to the domestic waste crusher; the domestic waste crusher is used to crush the garbage and send it to the domestic waste drum screen; the domestic waste drum screen is used for It is used to send the under-screen obtained by garbage screening to the domestic waste air separation and separation device; and the domestic waste air separation and separation device, which is used for air separation of inorganic, organic, plastic and combustible substances in the garbage and sent to the subsequent process. use. The present invention has been proved to be effective in practice, has a high degree of pretreatment and classification, can be used for industrialization in the domestic waste treatment industry, and is suitable for a daily waste treatment capacity of 100-300 tons.

Description

A kind of pretreatment system and method of domestic garbage

technical field

The invention relates to the field of domestic waste treatment, in particular to a system and method for pretreatment of domestic waste.

Background technique

For a long time, my country's urban waste has mainly been consumed by sanitary landfill or simple composting; with the increase of population and the rapid expansion of urban scale, the landfill land in many cities has become more and more tight, and local municipal departments have also begun to put The attention turned to the method of landfill after incineration with a large degree of reduction. However, due to the high cost of construction and operation of incineration projects, the harmful gases generated are difficult to control, and we have to find another way out; After several years of development, it has become more and more mature, and it will become the only way to deal with domestic waste and agricultural and animal husbandry waste in the future. The comprehensive treatment process of domestic waste recycling first requires sorting and classifying domestic waste, that is, pre-sorting domestic waste into several categories: metal, glass, plastic, organic matter, inorganic matter and combustible matter, and then treating and utilizing them separately.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a household garbage pretreatment system and method with a high degree of classification.

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

The present invention provides a pretreatment system for household garbage, comprising:

Multifunctional manual sorting belt conveyor is used to pick up large items, glass and metal objects, and the remaining garbage enters the household garbage broken bag breaking device;

The household garbage bag breaking device is used to take out the garbage from the packaging bag and break it up and send it to the household garbage crusher;

Domestic waste shredder, which is used to crush the waste and send it to the domestic waste trommel screen;

A domestic waste trommel screen, which is used to send the under-screen obtained by screening the waste into a domestic waste air separation device; and

The domestic waste air separation and separation device is used to separate the inorganic, organic, plastic and combustible substances in the waste by air separation, and send them to the subsequent process for utilization.

Preferably, the multifunctional manual sorting belt conveyor includes a frame, a permanent magnet drum, a driven drum, a belt, a bouncing roller and a cleaner; the belt is sleeved on the permanent magnet drum and the driven drum; The bouncing roller is fixed on the frame, the bouncing roller includes a cam shaft and a cam, the cam is axially fixed on the cam shaft; the cam is in contact with the surface of the belt in a certain angle range; the cleaning device is fixed The frame includes a splint shaft, a splint and a rubber plate, the splint is axially fixed on the splint shaft, the rubber plate is fixed between the two splints and protrudes from the splint, the rubber plate is at a certain angle with the belt surface touch.

Preferably, the multifunctional manual sorting belt conveyor further includes a guard plate and a rubber guard plate, the guard plates are fixed on the racks on both sides, and the rubber guard plate is connected to the guard plate on one side, and the other side is connected to the guard plate. contact with the belt.

Preferably, the household garbage bag breaking device includes a frame, a box body, a feed port, a discharge port, a combined blade and an airflow return plate; the box body is arranged on the frame, and the combined blade is fixed On the drive shaft, the drive shaft is rollingly connected to the box body, the airflow return plate is arranged on the side wall of the feed port, and the combined blade is composed of a plurality of tool holders and blades hinged at both ends of the tool holder composition.

Preferably, the household garbage bag breaking device does not contain a fixed knife.

Preferably, the domestic waste crusher includes a box body, a feeding end, a discharging end, a transmission device, a transmission shaft, a rotating blade and a fixed knife; the transmission shaft is rotatably fixed on the box body and is driven by the transmission device; The rotating blade is fixed on the transmission shaft and cooperates with the fixed knife, the fixed knife is fixed on the box body, the transmission device can be rotated forward and reverse, and the rotating blade is provided with a reverse cutting edge.

Preferably, there are two transmission shafts, and the transmission device is a double motor, which respectively drives the two transmission shafts, and the rotational speed of the two shafts is different.

Preferably, the domestic waste trommel screen includes a frame, a plurality of screens connected in sequence and a first transmission device; the plurality of screens are supported by a plurality of pairs of supporting rollers arranged on both sides of the lower part of the screen, so The support rollers are fixed on the frame; the plurality of screens are driven by the first transmission device; along the running direction of the material, the apertures of the plurality of screens are increased, and the plurality of screens are provided with a spiral advance A friction wheel is arranged on the output shaft of the first transmission device; a friction ring is arranged on the screen corresponding to the friction wheel and the support roller.

Preferably, the domestic waste trommel screen further comprises a screen cleaning device and an auxiliary screen cleaning device respectively disposed on both sides of the screen;

The screen cleaning device includes a second transmission device, a support shaft, a wire wheel fixed on the support shaft, a wire brush fixed on the wire wheel, and a wire wheel adjustment device, and the support shaft is driven by the second transmission device, so the The wire wheel adjustment device includes a third transmission device, a third transmission device base, a gear and a rack, the third transmission device is fixed on the frame through the third transmission device base, and the wire wheel is fixed on the rack. On the upper side, the third transmission device drives the wire wheel to slide back and forth through the gear and rack;

The auxiliary cleaning screen device includes an air inlet, a fan, an air duct, an air outlet and a bracket, the auxiliary cleaning screen device is fixed on the frame through the bracket, and the air duct gradually narrows toward the air outlet.

Preferably, the domestic waste air separation and separation device includes a feeder, a box body, a fan, a 1# feeding trough, and a 2# feeding trough, and the fan is arranged below the feeder, and is characterized in that: the The 1# material receiving trough and the 2# material receiving trough are arranged on the right side of the fan in turn; the fan includes two upper and lower air outlet plates and a side plate connecting the two air outlet plates, and the air outlet plates are fan-shaped, Arranged obliquely upward, the distance between the two air outlet plates gradually decreases, and the end forms an air outlet, the air outlet is narrow and elongated, and the air outlet is located below the outlet of the feeder, and the air is supplied obliquely upward.

The present invention also provides a method for pretreatment of household waste, which uses any of the above-mentioned household waste pretreatment systems to process according to the following steps:

Step 1: Use the multi-functional manual sorting belt conveyor to pick out large items, glass and metal, and the remaining garbage enters the household garbage broken bag breaking device;

Step 2: Use the household waste bag breaking device to take out the garbage from the packaging bag and break it up and send it to the household waste crusher;

Step 3: Use a domestic garbage crusher to crush the garbage and send it to the domestic garbage trommel screen;

Step 4: Use the domestic garbage trommel sieve to send the under-screen obtained by the garbage screening to the domestic garbage air separation device;

Step 5: The domestic waste air separation and separation device is used to separate the inorganic, organic, plastic and combustible substances in the waste by air separation, and send them to the subsequent process for utilization.

Preferably, after being processed by the multifunctional manual sorting belt conveyor in step 1, 90% of large objects, 90% of glass objects, and 90% of metal objects are removed in the garbage.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The present invention provides a system and method for pretreatment of domestic garbage. After the domestic garbage passes through a multi-functional manual sorting belt conveyor, 90% of large objects, 90% of glass objects, and 90% of metal objects are removed in the garbage. The remaining garbage enters the household garbage breaking bag breaking device, breaks open the packaging bag covering the garbage, takes out the garbage from the packaging bag and breaks it up, and then uses the belt conveyor to enter the household garbage crusher to crush the garbage and then use the belt conveyor. The conveyor enters the domestic garbage trommel screen, and after the domestic garbage passes through the trommel screen, it is sorted into the overscreen (plastic, combustible) and the underscreen (inorganic, organic, plastic, combustible), and the sieve obtained by screening the garbage The lower material is sent to the domestic waste air separation and separation device, and the inorganic, organic, plastic and combustible substances in the waste are air-separated and sent to the subsequent process for use. The invention has a high degree of pretreatment and classification, can be used for industrialization in the domestic waste treatment industry, and is suitable for a daily waste treatment capacity of 100-300 tons.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a front view of the multifunctional manual sorting belt conveyor.

FIG. 3 is a top view of FIG. 2 .

FIG. 4 is the A-A view of FIG. 2 .

Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of the bounce roller.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of the cleaner.

FIG. 7 is a front view of the device for breaking broken bags of household garbage.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 9 .

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 8 .

Figure 10 is an enlarged view of the blade assembly.

FIG. 11 is a plan view of FIG. 10 .

Fig. 12 is a front view of the household waste shredder.

FIG. 13 is a plan view of FIG. 12 .

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 12 .

Figure 15 is an enlarged view of the moving knife.

Fig. 16 is a front view of the domestic waste trommel.

FIG. 17 is a left side view of FIG. 16 .

Figure 18 is an enlarged view of the screen cleaning device.

FIG. 19 is a K-direction view of FIG. 18 .

FIG. 20 is a B-B view of FIG. 18 .

Figure 21 is an enlarged view of the auxiliary cleaning screen device.

Fig. 22 is a front view of the domestic waste winnowing and separating device.

FIG. 23 is a left side view of FIG. 22 .

Fig. 24 is an enlarged view of the air outlet plate.

FIG. 25 is a plan view of FIG. 24 .

Description of reference numbers:

11, frame; 12, belt; 13, bounce roller; 14, transmission device; 15, permanent magnet drum; 16, metal hopper; 17, cleaner; 18, cleaning sludge tank; 19, bounce sludge tank; 111, metal receiving chute; 112, guard plate; 113, rubber plate; 114, rubber plate; 115, splint; 116, splint shaft; 117, cam; 118, cam shaft; 119, manual sorting platform; 120 , driven roller.

20. Box body; 21. Combined blade; 22. Feed inlet; 23. Outlet; 24. Frame; 25. Transmission device; 26. Air flow return plate; 29, belt drive combination; 211, lock nut; 212, pin; 213, blade; 214, tool holder; 215, shear groove.

31, box body; 32, feeding end; 33, rotating blade; 34, fixed knife; 35, discharge end; 36, connecting seat bearing; 37, transmission shaft; 38, transmission device.

41. Feeding port; 42, 1# screen; 43, 2# screen; 44, 3# screen; 45, material discharge port; 46, support roller; 47, frame; 48, cleaning Screen device; 49. Auxiliary cleaning screen device; 311, Friction ring; 312, First transmission device; 313, Outer cover; 314, Material conveying plate; 2nd transmission device; 483, wire wheel; 484, third transmission device; 485, gear; 486, rack; 487, third transmission device base; 488, connecting seat bearing; 489, support shaft; 49, auxiliary cleaning Screen device; 491, air inlet; 492, air duct; 493, air outlet; 494, bracket.

51, feeder, 52, fan, 53, filter screen, 54, 1# receiving chute, 55, 2# receiving chute, 56, dust chamber, 57, box, 521, air outlet plate, 522, outlet tuyere.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The invention provides a pretreatment system for household garbage, which includes a multifunctional manual sorting belt conveyor for picking out large items, glass and metal objects, and the remaining garbage enters a household garbage breaking bag breaking device; The broken bag breaking device is used to take out the garbage from the packaging bag and break it up and send it to the domestic waste crusher; the domestic waste crusher is used to crush the garbage and send it to the domestic waste drum screen; the domestic waste drum screen is used for It is used to send the under-screen obtained by garbage screening to the domestic waste air separation and separation device; and the domestic waste air separation and separation device, which is used for air separation of inorganic, organic, plastic and combustible substances in the garbage and sent to the subsequent process. use.

The multifunctional manual sorting belt conveyor includes: frame 11, belt 12, bounce roller 13, transmission device 14, permanent magnet drum 15, metal hopper 16, cleaner 17, cleaning sludge tank 18, bounce sludge tank 19 , Metal receiving slot 111, guard plate 112, rubber plate 113, rubber plate 114, splint 115, splint shaft 116, cam 117, cam shaft 118, manual sorting platform 119, driven roller 120. The permanent magnet drum 15 is fixed on the frame 11 through the bearing seats at both ends, and the inner surface is equipped with a permanent magnet, which is fixed to the inner side of the permanent magnet drum 15 by bolts. The shafts of the magnetic drum 15 are assembled; the permanent magnet drum 15 is installed on the right end of the frame 11 as the driving drum, the driven drum 120 is installed on the left end of the frame 11, the belt 12 is wound on the driving drum and the driven drum 120, and the permanent magnet drum 15 Driven by the transmission device 14 mounted on it to rotate, the driving drum drives the belt 12 and the driven drum 120 to rotate when the driving drum rotates; the positions of the permanent magnet drum 15 and the driven drum 120 can also be exchanged. The cleaner 17 is installed under the driven drum and includes a splint shaft 116, a rubber plate 114 and a splint 115; the cleaner 17 is connected to the frame 11 using bearing seats at both ends, the splint 115 is axially fixed on the splint shaft 116, and the rubber The plate 114 is fixed between the two clamping plates 115 by bolts and protrudes from the clamping plates 115. The rubber plate 114 contacts the belt surface 12 at a certain angle when the clamping plate shaft 116 rotates once; a rubber plate of the cleaner 114 and the two splints 115 holding it are a group, and there are 4 groups in total, which are evenly distributed along the circumference. The bouncing roller 13 is arranged on the inner surface of the lower belt 12, and is connected to the frame 11 by bearing seats at both ends. The bouncing roller 13 includes a cam shaft 118 and a cam 117, and the cam 117 is axially fixed on the cam shaft 118, The cam 117 is fixed on the camshaft 118 and is in contact with the surface of the belt 12 within a certain angle range, and can be in contact with the surface of the belt 12 at some or all angles of one rotation of the cam 117, causing the belt to vibrate periodically; The cams are evenly distributed in at least three groups along the axial direction of the camshaft. The cover includes a guard plate 112 and a guard rubber plate 113 ; the guard plate 112 is fixed on the frame 11 on both sides. The bounce roller 13 and the cleaner 17 are driven to rotate by the sprocket drive mechanism on the drum.

The household garbage bag breaking device includes: a box body 20, a combined blade 21, a feeding port 22, a discharging port 23, a frame 24, a transmission device 25, an airflow return plate 26, a connecting seat bearing 27, a transmission shaft 28, The belt drive assembly 29 , the lock nut 211 , the pin shaft 212 , the blade 213 , the blade holder 214 , and the shearing groove 215 . The box body 20 is arranged on the frame 24, the upper and lower structures of the box body 20 are connected by bolts, the upper part can be opened during maintenance, and the lower part is fixed to the ground after being welded to the frame. The transmission device 25 and the motor reducer are fixed on the frame 24 by means of bolts, and the transmission shaft 28 is driven by the belt transmission assembly 29 . The transmission shaft 28 is connected to the casing 20 through the connecting seat bearings 27 at both ends. The combined blade 21 is fixed on the transmission shaft 28 , and the combined blade 21 is composed of a plurality of tool holders and blades 213 . A plurality of tool holders are evenly assembled on the transmission shaft 28 along the circumferential direction through their central holes, pin holes are arranged at both ends of the tool holder, pin shafts 212 are arranged in the pin shaft holes, and two ends of the pin shafts 212 are provided with one The blade 213 is locked by the locking nut 211, and the blade and the blade holder are hinged, and the blade 213 can be bent by itself when it encounters a hard object in the process of breaking the bag, allowing it to pass through, preventing the blade from being damaged. The center hole of the tool holder of the combined blade 21 is inlaid with a copper sleeve to be assembled with the transmission shaft 28, and the pin shaft holes at both ends of the tool holder are also inlaid with a copper sleeve to be assembled with the pin shaft. The blade 213 is made of wear-resistant material, the surface is heat-treated, and a symmetrical shearing groove is provided at the end of the blade 213 . The feeding port 22 is arranged on the right side of the top surface of the box body 20 and extends in the lower left direction. The right side wall of the feeding port 22 is provided with an air flow return plate 26, and the air flow return plate 26 reduces the intake air. The right side wall of the material port 22 is divided into upper and lower parts, wherein the lower part of the right side wall protrudes outwards; the air flow return plate 26 restrains the overflow of the air flow along the feed port 22 and the garbage generated when the combined blade 21 rotates splash. The discharge port 23 is arranged on the lower left side of the box body 20 . The feeding port 22 can also be arranged in the upper right corner area such as the upper right wall of the box body 20 , and the material outlet 23 can also be arranged in the lower left corner area such as the left side of the bottom surface of the box body 20 . The combination blades 21 are preferably used in groups of 7-11 assembled along the axial direction of the transmission shaft 28 , and should be arranged at an angle staggered in the circumferential direction when assembled with the transmission shaft 28 .

The domestic garbage crusher includes: a box body 31 , a feeding end 32 , a rotating blade 33 , a fixed knife 34 , a discharging end 35 , a connecting seat bearing 36 , a transmission shaft 37 , a transmission device 38 , and a cutting edge 39 . The box body 31 is a metal profile structure and is fixed to the ground by bolts. There are two transmission shafts 37 , which are a transmission shaft and a transmission shaft respectively, and the rotation speed of the two shafts is different. The transmission device 38 adopts dual motors, which drive the two transmission shafts 37 respectively. The motor is connected to the reducer and directly connected to the transmission shaft 37 for transmission through the coupling. The material is too concentrated, which can effectively prevent the equipment from being stuck. The rotary blade 33 is fixed on the transmission shaft 37, please refer to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, one transmission shaft is equipped with 12 rotary blades 33, and two transmission shafts are equipped with 11 rotary blades 33, arranged in a staggered manner; the fixed blade 34 is fixed to the box 31 by bolts Above, the fixed knife 34 is located under the rotating blade 33, and 23 moving knife grooves are opened on the fixed knife 34, the rotating blade 33 is arranged in the moving knife groove, and the moving knife corresponding to the rotating blade 33 on the The knife grooves and the movable knife grooves corresponding to the rotating blades 33 on the two transmission shafts are also staggered correspondingly, and the crushing effect is good. The rotary blade 33 has 4 cutting edges 39, the upper two cutting edges are arranged horizontally and symmetrically, and the lower two cutting edges are arranged vertically and symmetrically in a figure-eight shape. When the object is turned around, the device reverses several times, and the reverse cutting edge of the rotating blade 33 cuts off the wound object, which can effectively prevent the moving knife from winding.

The domestic waste trommel screen includes: feeding port 41; 1# screen 42; 2# screen 43; 3# screen 44; 48; Auxiliary cleaning screen device 49; Friction ring 311; First transmission device 312; Cover 313; The lower material discharge port 317; the connecting plate 481; the second transmission device 482; the wire wheel 483; the third transmission device 484; the gear 485; the rack 486; the third transmission device base 487; ; Auxiliary cleaning screen device 49; Air inlet 491; Air duct 492; Air outlet 493; The screen is divided into three sections, namely 1# screen 42, 2# screen 43, 3# screen 44, and the screens are connected in turn by flanges; the screen mesh is designed with rectangular holes, which is more conducive to the passage of materials ; The mesh sizes of the three-stage screens are different. Along the running direction of the material, the apertures of the multiple screens increase to obtain different undersize objects; wherein, the aperture of the 1# screen is 16x30mm, and the aperture of the 2# screen is 16x30mm. The aperture of the #screen is 42x60mm, and the aperture of the 3# screen is 78x90mm. There are 6 material conveying plates 314 inside the screen to complete the material conveying. The material conveying plates 314 are welded on the rib plate of the sieve cylinder and start from the feeding port 41 to the discharging port 45 of the material on the screen at a helical angle of 600. The starting point It is evenly distributed at 600 in the circumferential direction and is used to transport materials. The screen is supported by supporting rollers 46. A pair of supporting rollers 46 are provided at the left end of the 1# screen 42 and the lower part of the connection between the 2# screen 43 and the 3# screen 44. The supporting roller 46 adopts The bolts are fixed on the frame 47, and a friction ring 311 is provided on the screen corresponding to the supporting roller 46; the first transmission device 312 is fixed on the frame 47 and is located at the connection between the 1# screen and the 2# screen, The friction wheel is assembled with the output shaft of the first transmission device 312, and the first transmission device 312 forms a friction transmission through the friction wheel and the friction ring 311 arranged at its corresponding position on the screen to drive the screen to rotate; Made of wear-resistant rubber, running smoothly and without noise, the friction ring 311 is made of steel. The outer cover 313 is disposed outside the screen. The side of the screen is designed with a screen cleaning device 48 and an auxiliary cleaning screen device 49 for use when needed. The screen cleaning device 48 includes a second transmission device 482, a support shaft 489 connected to and driven by the second transmission device 482, a connecting seat bearing 488, a plurality of wire wheels 483 fixed on the support shaft 489, and a plurality of wire wheels 483 fixed on the support shaft 489. The wire brush on 483; one end of the support shaft 489 is connected to the second transmission device 482, and the other end is connected to the connecting seat bearing 488, and the cleaning screen device 48 passes through the connecting seat bearing 488 at both ends and the second transmission device. The connecting plate 481 is fixed on the frame 47; activating the second transmission device 482 can drive the wire wheel 483 of the screen cleaning device 48 to rotate to clean the screen. The second transmission device 482 and the connecting seat bearing 488 are slidably connected to the frame 47; for example, the bottom of the connecting plate 481 of the second transmission device 482 and the connecting seat bearing 488 are designed in the shape of a dovetail plate, and a dovetail slot is provided at the corresponding position of the frame; Another example is the way through the ball screw. The screen cleaning device 48 is also designed with a wire wheel adjustment device. The wire wheel adjustment device includes a third transmission device 484, a third transmission device base 487, a gear 485 and a rack 486; the third transmission device 484 passes through the third transmission device 484. The three transmission device base 487 is fixed on the frame 47 ; the wire wheel 483 is fixed on the rack 486 . Since the screen cleaning device 48 is slidably connected to the frame 47, the third transmission device 484 can drive the wire wheel 483 to slide back and forth through the gear 485, rack 486 mechanism, so that the wire wheel 483 can be fully contacted with the screen, so as to obtain the best quality Screen cleaning effect; when there is no need to clean the screen, the wire wheel 483 is kept away from the screen to reduce the wear of the wire wheel 483. The other side of the screen is provided with an auxiliary cleaning screen device 49. The auxiliary cleaning screen device 49 includes an air inlet 491, a fan, an air duct 492, an air outlet 493 and a bracket 494. The auxiliary cleaning screen device 49 It is fixed on the frame 47 by the bracket 494 ; the air duct 492 of the auxiliary cleaning screen device gradually narrows toward the air outlet 493 . Activate the air switch on the auxiliary cleaning screen device 49 to blow off the residual material after cleaning the screen to achieve further cleaning effect.

The domestic waste air separation and separation device includes: feeder 51, fan 52, filter screen 53, 1# receiving chute 54, 2# receiving chute 55, dust chamber 56, box 57, air outlet plate 521, air outlet 522 . The feeder 51 may be a drop port, a belt conveyor, or other conveying devices. The fan 52 is fixed on the ground, is arranged below the feeder 51 and supplies air obliquely upward. The plate 521 is fan-shaped and arranged obliquely upward. The distance between the two air outlet plates 521 gradually decreases, and an air outlet 522 is formed at the end. The air outlet 522 is in the shape of a long and narrow rectangle. Below, the air is supplied obliquely upward. The fan 52 adopts frequency conversion speed regulation; according to the wind selection, the air volume and wind force are adjusted to obtain the best wind selection effect. The 1# material receiving chute 54 and the 2# material receiving chute 55 are arranged on the right side of the fan 52 in turn, and are made of plates and then fixed on the ground in the box 57, and a conveying device can be set to convey the materials. The filter screen 53 is fixed on the box body 57 on the right side of the 2# feeding chute, and is made of 10 mesh stainless steel wire mesh.

working principle

Step 1: Multifunctional manual sorting belt conveyor. The domestic garbage enters the belt conveyor from the tail end above the belt conveyor and is conveyed in the direction of the permanent magnet drum 15. When passing through the manual sorting platform, the large objects and glass bottles in the domestic garbage are manually sorted out first, and the magnetic metal materials are When passing through the permanent magnet drum 15 , it is adsorbed on the permanent magnet drum 15 through the belt 12 . When the belt 12 leaves the permanent magnet drum 15 , the metal falls and is introduced into the metal hopper 111 through the metal hopper 16 . The remaining household waste above the belt conveyor is conveyed to the next process. The rubber baffles 113 are arranged on both sides of the conveyor, which can effectively prevent the leakage of domestic waste during the conveying process; when the soil adhering to the surface of the belt 12 passes through the bouncing roller 13, the bouncing roller 13 rotates every time it rotates. When the cam 117 rotates once, the lower part of the belt is knocked once, so that the lower part of the belt 12 keeps jumping up and down, so that the soil adhered to the surface of the belt 12 is bounced and dropped into the bouncing sludge tank 19; At 17:00, it was scraped off by the rubber plate 114 and fell into the cleaning sludge tank 18.

The second step: the household garbage broken bag dispersing device. The domestic garbage conveyed by the multi-functional manual sorting belt conveyor falls into the feed port 22 above the box body 20, and the drive shaft 28 drives the combined blade 21 to rotate at a high speed, first smashing the packaging bags of the domestic garbage, and then Then, the household garbage exposed in the packaging bag is scattered; at the same time, the combined blade 21 also transports the household garbage falling into the bottom of the box body 20 to the discharge port for discharge.

The box body is designed with an airflow return plate 26, which prevents the overflow of airflow along the feed port 22 and the splashing of garbage when the combined blade 21 rotates; The blade 213 can be bent by itself when the material is passed, which can prevent the damage of the tool; the present invention is not designed with a fixed knife, and the cavity of the box at the feeding port 22 is large, and no winding phenomenon is formed in the process of breaking the bag;

The third step: domestic waste shredder. The garbage conveyed by the household garbage bag breaking device is removed from the magnetic metal by the hanging iron suction device, and the household garbage falls from the feeding end 32 above the box body 31, and the two drive shafts 37 drive the rotating blades 33 to rotate in opposite directions at a high speed. Due to the staggered arrangement of the rotary blades on the first transmission shaft and the rotary blades on the second transmission shaft, the domestic waste is brought into the rotary blade 33 and the rotary blade 33, and between the rotary blade 33 and the fixed blade 34, and is subjected to strong shearing, squeezing, After the shredding action, it is broken into strips or blocks of less than 100mm and discharged from the discharge end. When encountering hard materials, the drive shaft 37 reverses several turns to relieve the excessive concentration of hard materials, which can effectively prevent the equipment from jamming; when encountering easily entangled objects, the drive shaft 37 reverses several turns, and the rotating blade 33 reverses the cutting edge to remove the wounds. Cut off, can effectively prevent the moving knife from entanglement. The first drive shaft 37 is equipped with 12 rotating blades, and the second transmission shaft 37 is equipped with 11 rotating blades. The rotating blade is designed with 4 cutting edges, which are suitable for forward and reverse cutting, and have high shear performance. The rotating blades are made of wear-resistant materials. Heat treated for durability. The fixed knife 34 is fixed on the box by bolts, and there are 23 movable knife grooves on the fixed knife 34, through which the material enters the discharge end. The rotating blades 33 on the two transmission shafts are arranged in a staggered manner, and the crushing effect is good.

Step 4: Domestic waste trommel screen. The garbage conveyed by the garbage crusher falls into the feed port 41, and moves to the direction of the material discharge port 45 under the conveyance of the conveying plate 314. When passing through the 1 ^# screen, the material with an aperture smaller than 16x30mm falls into the screen The lower material discharge port 315 (mainly inorganic materials), when passing through the 2 ^# screen, the material with a hole diameter of less than 42x60mm falls into the under sieve discharge port 316 (mainly organic matter), and when passing through the 3 ^# screen The hole diameter is less than 78x90mm The material falls into the under-sieve material discharge port 317 (mainly combustible materials), and the material larger than 78x90mm is finally discharged from the over-sieve material discharge port 45. In the sorting process, if the screen is blocked, the second transmission device 482 is activated, and the wire wheel 483 rotates to complete the cleaning of the screen; the third transmission device 484 is activated, and the gear 485 drives the rack 486 to perform linear motion. The wire wheel mounted on the rack 486 slides back and forth for optimum cleaning. There are 6 material conveying plates 314 inside the sieve cylinder to complete the material conveying. The material conveying plates 314 are welded on the rib plate of the sieve cylinder and start from the feeding port 41 to the discharging port 45 of the sieve at a helical angle of ⁶⁰ °. The starting points are uniformly distributed ^at 600 along the circumference. Activate the air switch on the auxiliary cleaning screen device 49 to blow off the residual material after cleaning the screen to achieve further cleaning effect.

The fifth step: domestic waste air separation and separation device. In the present invention, there are three sets of domestic garbage air separation and separation devices, which are respectively arranged under the three discharge ports of the domestic garbage trommel screen.

At the outlet 315 of the 1 ^# screen, inorganic materials and a small amount of plastic and combustible materials are affected by the wind in the process of falling, and heavier materials such as bricks, tiles, glass ^, etc. 54; After the lighter materials such as plastics and combustibles fall into the farther filter 53, the dust enters the dust chamber 56, and the plastics and combustibles are blocked by the filter 53 and fall into the 2 ^# receiving chute 55;

At the discharge port 316 of the 2 ^# screen, the organic matter and a small amount of plastic and combustible materials are affected by the wind during the falling process, and the heavier materials such as melons, fruits and vegetables fall into the 1 ^# receiving chute 54; After light materials such as plastics and combustibles fall into the filter screen 53 at a distance, the dust enters the dust chamber 56, and the plastics and combustibles are blocked by the filter screen 53 and fall into the 2 ^# feeding chute 55;

At the outlet 317 of the 3 ^# screen, the plastic and combustibles are affected by the wind during the falling process, and the combustibles of the heavier materials fall into the 1 ^# receiving slot 54 nearby; the plastics of the lighter materials fall farther After the filter screen 53, the dust enters the dust chamber 56, and the plastic is trapped by the filter screen 53 and falls into the 2 ^# receiving chute 55.

The best cleaning effect can be obtained by adjusting the air volume of the fan.

The present invention also provides a method for pretreatment of household garbage, which is processed according to the following steps:

Step 1: Use the multi-functional manual sorting belt conveyor to pick out large items, glass and metal, and the remaining garbage enters the household garbage broken bag breaking device;

Step 2: Use the household waste bag breaking device to take out the garbage from the packaging bag and break it up and send it to the household waste crusher;

Step 3: Use a domestic garbage crusher to crush the garbage and send it to the domestic garbage trommel screen;

Step 4: Use the domestic garbage trommel sieve to send the under-screen obtained by the garbage screening to the domestic garbage air separation device;

Step 5: The domestic waste air separation and separation device is used to separate the inorganic, organic, plastic and combustible substances in the waste by air separation, and send them to the subsequent process for utilization.

Preferably, after being processed by the multifunctional manual sorting belt conveyor in step 1, 90% of large objects, 90% of glass objects, and 90% of metal objects are removed in the garbage.

To sum up, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of product which has been proved to be effective in practice, has a high degree of pretreatment and classification, and can be used for industrialization in the domestic waste treatment industry. A large-scale pretreatment system and method for domestic waste.

Claims (12)

1. a pretreatment system of domestic garbage, is characterized in that: comprising: Multifunctional manual sorting belt conveyor is used to pick up large items, glass and metal objects, and the remaining garbage enters the household garbage broken bag breaking device; The household garbage bag breaking device is used to take out the garbage from the packaging bag and break it up and send it to the household garbage crusher; Domestic waste shredder, which is used to crush the waste and send it to the domestic waste trommel screen; A domestic waste trommel screen, which is used to send the under-screen obtained by screening the waste into a domestic waste air separation device; and The domestic waste air separation and separation device is used to separate the inorganic, organic, plastic and combustible substances in the waste by air separation, and send them to the subsequent process for utilization. 2. The household waste pretreatment system according to claim 1, wherein the multifunctional manual sorting belt conveyor comprises a frame (11), a permanent magnet drum (15), a driven drum (120), A belt (12), a bounce roller (13) and a cleaner (17); the belt (12) is sleeved on the permanent magnet drum (15) and the driven drum (120); the bounce roller (13) is fixed On the frame (11), the bounce roller (13) includes a cam shaft (118) and a cam (117), the cam (117) is axially fixed on the cam shaft (118); the cam (117) ) is in contact with the surface of the belt (12) within a certain angle range; the cleaner (17) is fixed on the frame (11), including the splint shaft (116), the splint (115) and the rubber plate (114), the splint (115) is axially fixed on the splint shaft (116), the rubber plate (114) is fixed in the two splints (115) and protrudes from the splint (115), the rubber plate (114) is at a certain angle with the The belt (12) is in contact with the surface. 3. The household waste pretreatment system according to claim 2, characterized in that: the multifunctional manual sorting belt conveyor further comprises a guard plate (112) and a protective rubber sheet (113), and the guard plate (113) 112) is fixed on the frame (11) on both sides, one side of the baffle rubber plate (113) is connected with the guard plate (112), and the other side is in contact with the belt (12). 4. The household waste pretreatment system according to claim 1, wherein the household waste bag breaking device comprises a frame (24), a box body (20), a feeding port (22), a discharging A port (23), a combined blade (21) and an airflow return plate (26); the box (20) is arranged on the frame (24), and the combined blade (21) is fixed on the drive shaft (28) , the drive shaft (28) is rollingly connected to the box body (20), the airflow return plate (26) is arranged on the side wall of the feed port (22), and the combined blade (21) is composed of multiple A tool holder (214) and a blade (213) hinged at both ends of the tool holder (214) are formed. 5 . The household waste pretreatment system according to claim 4 , wherein the household waste bag breaking device does not contain a fixed knife. 6 . 6. The household waste pretreatment system according to claim 1, wherein the household waste crusher comprises a box body (31), a feeding end (32), a discharging end (35), a transmission device (38) ), a transmission shaft (37), a rotary blade (33) and a fixed blade (34); the transmission shaft (37) is rotatably fixed on the box (31) and is driven by a transmission device (38); the rotary blade ( 33) It is fixed on the transmission shaft (37) and cooperates with the fixed knife (34), the fixed knife (34) is fixed on the box body (31), the transmission device (38) can be forward and reversed, and the rotation The blade (33) is provided with a reverse cutting edge. 7. The household waste pretreatment system according to claim 6, characterized in that: there are two transmission shafts (37), and the transmission device is a double motor, which respectively drives the two transmission shafts (37), The two shafts have different speeds. 8. The household waste pretreatment system according to claim 7, characterized in that: the household waste trommel screen comprises a frame (47), a plurality of screen meshes (42, 43, 44) connected in sequence and a first A transmission device (312); the plurality of screens are supported by a plurality of pairs of support rollers (46) arranged on both sides of the lower part of the screen, and the support rollers (46) are fixed on the frame (47); the The plurality of screens are driven by the first transmission device (312); along the running direction of the material, the apertures of the plurality of screens are increased, and the plurality of screens are provided with a spirally advancing material conveying plate (314); A friction wheel is arranged on the output shaft of the first transmission device (312); and a friction ring (311) is arranged on the screen corresponding to the friction wheel and the support roller (46). 9. The domestic waste pretreatment system according to claim 8, wherein the domestic waste drum screen further comprises a cleaning screen device (48) and an auxiliary cleaning screen device (49) respectively arranged on both sides of the screen. ); The screen cleaning device (48) includes a second transmission device (482), a support shaft (489), a wire wheel (483) fixed on the support shaft (489), and a wire brush fixed on the wire wheel (483) and a wire wheel adjustment device, the support shaft (489) is driven by a second transmission device (482), and the wire wheel adjustment device includes a third transmission device (484), a third transmission device base (487), a gear ( 485) and a rack (486), the third transmission (484) is fixed on the frame (47) through the third transmission base (487), and the wire wheel (483) is fixed on the rack (486) ), the third transmission device (484) drives the wire wheel (483) to slide back and forth through the gear (485) and the rack (486); The auxiliary cleaning screen device (49) includes an air inlet (491), a fan, an air duct (492), an air outlet (493) and a bracket (494), and the auxiliary cleaning screen device (49) passes through the bracket (494). ) is fixed on the frame (47), and the air duct (492) gradually narrows toward the air outlet (493). 10. The household waste pretreatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the household waste air separation and separation device comprises a feeder (51), a box body (57), a fan (52), a 1# connection Feed chute (54), 2# feed chute (55), the fan (52) is arranged below the feeder (51), the 1# feed chute (54) and the 2# feed chute (55) are arranged on the right side of the fan (52) in sequence; the fan (52) includes two upper and lower air outlet plates (521) and a side plate connecting the two air outlet plates (521). ) in the shape of a fan, arranged obliquely upward, the distance between the two air outlet plates (521) gradually decreases, and an air outlet (522) is formed at the end. Below the outlet of the feeder (51), the air is supplied obliquely upward. 11. A method for pretreatment of household garbage, characterized in that: using the household garbage pretreatment system according to any one of claims 1-10 to process according to the following steps: Step 1: Use the multi-functional manual sorting belt conveyor to pick out large items, glass and metal, and the remaining garbage enters the household garbage broken bag breaking device; Step 2: Use the household waste bag breaking device to take out the garbage from the packaging bag and break it up and send it to the household waste crusher; Step 3: Use a domestic garbage crusher to crush the garbage and send it to the domestic garbage trommel screen; Step 4: Use the domestic garbage trommel sieve to send the under-screen obtained by the garbage screening to the domestic garbage air separation device; Step 5: The domestic waste air separation and separation device is used to separate the inorganic, organic, plastic and combustible substances in the waste by air separation, and send them to the subsequent process for utilization. 12. The method for pretreatment of household waste according to claim 11, wherein after being processed by the multifunctional manual sorting belt conveyor in step 1, 90% of bulky objects, 90% of glass objects, and 90% of 90% metal removal.

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