CN113875534A

CN113875534A - Moss greening method for steep rock slope

Info

Publication number: CN113875534A
Application number: CN202111193641.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 任惠; 陈珂; 类延宝; 孙庚�; 黄仁华; 薛颖欣; 夏红霞; 朱大林
Original assignee: Chengdu Institute of Biology of CAS; Southwest University of Science and Technology
Current assignee: Chengdu Institute of Biology of CAS; Southwest University of Science and Technology
Priority date: 2021-10-13
Filing date: 2021-10-13
Publication date: 2022-01-04
Anticipated expiration: 2041-10-13
Also published as: CN113875534B

Abstract

The invention discloses a moss greening method for a steep rock slope, which comprises the following steps: cleaning a rock slope to be constructed, and installing a protection component on the top of the cleaned region to be constructed so as to limit and obtain a corresponding construction region; step two, mounting a first foundation auxiliary mechanism on the construction area; thirdly, spraying a culture medium layer to the construction area provided with the first foundation auxiliary mechanism; step four, inserting a second fixed base auxiliary mechanism on the first fixed base auxiliary mechanism; and fifthly, spraying a moss layer to the construction area provided with the second fixed-base auxiliary mechanism. The invention provides a moss greening method for a steep rock slope, which combines frame installation and spraying greening, so that the spraying thickness of the moss greening method can be obviously reduced, the airing time after spraying can be effectively reduced, meanwhile, the moss layer has better attachment effect through structural limitation, the moss layer and the moss layer have higher matching degree and higher survival rate.

Description

Moss greening method for steep rock slope

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of environmental management. More particularly, the invention relates to a moss greening method for steep rock slopes.

Background

The moss has the habit of clumping and dormancy, has strong water absorption capacity, high growth speed and strong cold resistance, is not easy to get ill, causes insect pests, and can absorb substances such as dust particles and the like in accumulated air to form soil, change indexes such as ambient humidity, PH and the like, form soil suitable for the survival of other higher plants and improve the environment incapable of growing vegetation.

For the high and steep rock slope which is formed by road development and is in a special environment, because the angle of the inclined plane is too large and no soil layer exists, the existing greening method technology usually adopts wire netting, batten assistance and the like to fix the green-covered layer, and the defect is that the operation is complex, in order to solve the technical problem, the existing patent technology such as naked rock moss ecological restoration construction and maintenance process and moss green-covering method for the high and steep rock slope adopts the following problems that the base layer and the transplanting layer are directly sprayed on the construction surface by adopting a pneumatic spraying machine and/or a handheld spraying machine, but the two methods are ubiquitous:

firstly, the adhesion stability of the base layer and the construction surface depends on the surface cleaning effect of the exposed rock surface, if the cleaning effect is better, and no foreign object falls in the construction process, the effect is not affected, and if the base layer slips off sand, the stability of the base layer is limited;

secondly, the base layer and the transplanting layer are sprayed, and a scaffold or other equipment capable of lifting the operating personnel to a preset position is still required to be built in the spraying process;

thirdly, the basic unit, the transplanting layer all adopts the spraying operation, but in actual operation, the thickness of basic unit is great usually, this makes to need to make its surface drying for a large amount of time after the operation, otherwise the transplanting layer of secondary spraying can lead to the fact the impact influence to the basic unit surface under the effect to the spraying, make it drop, influence last processing effect, and at the basic unit, under the not good condition of transplanting layer, but because the existence of rock matter side slope profile, produce the soil layer landing easily or a large amount of soil loss with spraying planting layer rush down, so later maintenance is troublesome, and seriously influences the survival rate of moss.

Disclosure of Invention

An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and/or disadvantages and to provide at least the advantages described hereinafter.

To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the purpose of the invention, there is provided a moss greening method for steep rock slopes, comprising the steps of:

cleaning a rock slope to be constructed, and installing a protection component on the top of the cleaned region to be constructed so as to limit and obtain a corresponding construction region;

step two, mounting a first foundation auxiliary mechanism on the construction area;

thirdly, spraying a culture medium layer to the construction area provided with the first foundation auxiliary mechanism;

step four, inserting a second fixed base auxiliary mechanism on the first fixed base auxiliary mechanism;

spraying a moss layer on the construction area provided with the second fixed-base auxiliary mechanism;

and step six, inserting a maintenance mechanism covering the construction area on the second fixed base auxiliary mechanism.

Preferably, in step one, the guard assembly is configured to include:

a fixing sleeve inserted into the interior of the rock slope and configured in a conical structure;

one end of the supporting piece is a columnar limiting section matched with the fixing sleeve, and the other end of the supporting piece is configured into a flat supporting section;

an expansion member disposed between the fixing sleeve and the support member;

a shielding plate with lower radian;

the center of the fixed sleeve is provided with a fixed groove for the limited section to extend into, the supporting section is provided with a plurality of fixed holes, and the baffle plate is provided with fixed columns matched with the fixed holes.

Preferably, the first fixed-base assistance mechanism is configured to include:

the fixing piece is inserted into the rock slope and has a cross-shaped section, and a cross-shaped limiting groove is formed in the end face of the fixing piece;

the limiting strips are inserted in the limiting grooves, and the limiting strips form a mounting surface of the frame structure on the construction surface in a longitudinal and transverse inserting mode;

the base material is arranged in the frame structure through clamping and/or bonding;

wherein, the center of the fixing piece is provided with a fixing groove for the second fixed base auxiliary mechanism to insert.

Preferably, the substrate is configured to include:

the bonding layer is matched with the surface of the rock slope;

a base layer disposed on the bonding layer and configured to include a first felt layer and a second felt layer disposed opposite to each other;

the substrate layer is arranged between the two felt layers;

wherein the first felt layer thickness located below is configured to be 0.55-1mm, and the second felt layer thickness located above is configured to be 2-7 mm.

Preferably, the substrate layer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:

150-250 parts of planting soil, 45-75 parts of humus, 17-25 parts of straws, 15-25 parts of organic fertilizer, 16-22 parts of sugar residues and 17-30 parts of microbial fertilizer.

Preferably, the preparation method of the matrix layer comprises the following steps:

step one, adding water to all raw materials of the matrix layer according to parts by weight, mixing and stirring to obtain a pasty mixture;

step two, laying a first non-woven fabric layer on the processing surface;

thirdly, spraying the mixture on the first non-woven fabric layer by using a spray gun;

and step four, covering a second non-woven fabric layer matched with the sprayed mixture layer, and obtaining a solid matrix layer in a natural air drying or low-temperature cooling mode.

Preferably, the second footing assisting mechanism is configured to include:

the plug connector is matched with the fixed groove on the second fixed base auxiliary mechanism and has a dry-shaped section;

the flexible layer with the holes is fixed on the plug connector through the rubber ring.

Preferably, the second felt layer is provided with sinking grooves distributed in a grid manner on one side matched with the flexible layer;

the flexible layer is provided with a roughened attachment part on one side matched with the sprayed moss layer, the flexible layer is provided with a plurality of protruding limiting strips matched with the sinking grooves on one side matched with the second felt layer, and the length of each limiting strip is configured to be larger than the width of the flexible layer.

Preferably, the raw material of the medium layer is configured to include: matrix layer material, reinforcing liquid and water;

the moss layer is prepared from raw materials including moisture absorbing particles, water retaining particles, pretreated moss stem and leaf bodies, water and a starch compound adhesive.

The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:

firstly, the matched protection mechanism is arranged at the top of the area to be constructed, so that fallen soil, fallen stones and the like on the slope surface can be blocked before moss is green-covered, the moss which is not planted dry or can not meet the requirement of the moss attached to the slope surface can be prevented from being protected, the stability is ensured, and the survival rate is increased.

Secondly, the existing frame installation and spraying greening are combined, so that compared with the prior art, the frame size can be enlarged, the early-stage preparation work is reduced, the sprayed culture medium layer and moss layer are maintained and limited under the action of the first fixed base auxiliary mechanism and the second fixed base auxiliary mechanism, the spraying thickness of the culture medium layer can be remarkably reduced, the airing time after the spraying is effectively reduced, the moss layer is better in adhesion effect due to the structural limitation, the matching degree of the moss layer and the moss layer is higher, and the survival rate is higher.

Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a shield assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a mating section of a fixing member and a plug member according to another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a substrate according to another embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of a flexible layer in another embodiment of the invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.

It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.

It is to be understood that in the description of the present invention, the terms indicating orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplification of the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specifically stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "sleeved/connected," "connected," and the like are used in a broad sense, and for example, "connected" may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, an integral connection, a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, a direct connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and a communication between two elements.

According to the invention, the implementation form of the moss greening method for the steep rock slopes comprises the following steps:

cleaning a rock slope to be constructed, installing a protection assembly at the top of the cleaned region to be constructed to limit and obtain a corresponding construction region, and in the structure, setting a matched protection mechanism at the top of the region to be constructed to block fallen soil, fallen stones and the like on a slope surface before moss is green-covered so as to prevent moss which is not dry planted or can not meet the requirement of moss attached to the slope surface from being protected, ensure the stability and increase the survival rate;

step two, mounting a first foundation auxiliary mechanism on the construction area, wherein in the structure, the first foundation auxiliary mechanism is arranged, so that the combination stability of the culture medium layer is better compared with the prior art that the culture medium layer is directly sprayed on a slope surface when the culture medium layer is sprayed;

step six, a maintenance mechanism for covering a construction area is inserted on the second fixed base auxiliary mechanism, the maintenance mechanism can select non-woven fabrics according to the requirements of different environments and application scenes, the non-woven fabrics can protect and moisturize the sprayed moss layer, in the actual operation, the non-woven fabrics can be fixed on the second fixed base auxiliary mechanism through a limiting hole matched with the second fixed base auxiliary mechanism in a bolt-like manner, in the scheme, the first fixed base auxiliary mechanism and the second fixed base auxiliary mechanism are matched with the sprayed culture base layer and the moss layer, so that the greening method is combined by frame installation and spraying greening, compared with the prior art, the size of the frame can be enlarged, the preparation work in the previous period is reduced, and the working hours are effectively saved, further the effect through first base complementary unit and second base complementary unit is decided to the culture medium layer and the moss layer of spraying and is maintained and inject for the spraying thickness of culture medium layer can show and reduce, effectively reduces the time of drying after its spraying, and it is better to inject the adhesion effect that makes the moss layer through the structure simultaneously, and the two degree of cooperation is higher, and the survival rate is higher.

In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, in step one, the shield assembly is configured to include:

the fixing sleeve 1 is inserted into the rock slope and is configured into a conical structure, the fixing sleeve is directly arranged on the rock slope to be processed, the installation position of the fixing sleeve can be adaptively adjusted according to actual installation and ground environment requirements, and the frame structure is not limited to a rectangular structure;

a support 2, one end of which is a column-shaped limiting section matched with the fixing sleeve, and the other end of which is configured into a flat support section;

the expansion piece 3 is arranged between the fixed sleeve and the supporting piece, can be arranged into a rubber structure as required, and can also be arranged into a metal structure as required, when in actual operation, a matched step is arranged in the fixed groove, the expansion piece is structurally in a conical structure, and one side matched with the step is provided with a plurality of notches, so that in the feeding process of the expansion piece, after the end surface of the expansion piece is contacted with the step, one side of the expansion piece with the notches is deformed by the later acting force, the gap between the fixed groove and the limited section is filled, and the stability of matching between structural pieces is ensured;

a shielding plate 4 with lower radian;

the center of the fixed sleeve is provided with a fixed groove 5 for the limited section to extend into, the supporting section is provided with a plurality of fixed holes 6, and the shielding plate is provided with fixed columns 7 matched with the fixed holes. In actual operation, squeeze into to rock side slope inside with fixed cover earlier, then penetrate the inflation piece from injecing the section, insert fixed cover with support piece, after inflation piece and fixed slot contact, through applying the effort on the inflation piece support piece, make support piece card inside fixed cover, the cooperation that passes through fixed column and fixed orifices with the shielding plate accomplishes the connection of the two, form on the processing of executing and shelter from the region, effectively block falling rocks, reduce the effect trade personnel at the during operation, falling rocks or falling soil are to the damage that the personnel caused, the security is better, the later stage can be maintained the moss district simultaneously, guarantee its survival rate and structural stability.

In another embodiment, the first fixed-base assistance mechanism is configured to include:

the fixing piece 8 is inserted into the rock slope and has a cross-shaped section, a cross-shaped limiting groove 9 is formed in the end face of the fixing piece, in the structure, the fixing of the structure is completed through the matching of the fixing piece and the slope, meanwhile, the installation time of the limiting strip and the fixing piece is reduced through the limiting groove formed in the surface, and the fixing of the structure of the limiting strip and the fixing piece can be completed by directly clamping the limiting strip into the limiting groove in actual operation;

limiting strips (not shown) inserted in the limiting grooves, wherein the limiting strips form a mounting surface of a frame structure on a construction surface in a longitudinal and transverse inserting mode, a plurality of mounting models which can be used for clamping a base material are formed on the construction surface by the limiting strips, in the actual operation, a preformed base plate is clamped into each frame, the base material and the frame are fixed, an adhesive can be further coated on the bottom surface of the base material, or the base material is clamped after the adhesive is sprayed on the construction surface in the frame by a handheld spray gun, the base material can be ensured to be combined with an applying surface through extrusion under the condition of inconsistent flatness, the stability of structural combination of the base material and the applying surface can be ensured, the limiting strips can be a whole strip, can be a split type multi-section structure, the limiting strips are provided with matched fixing holes, and the limiting strips can be spatially overlapped under the condition of inconsistent flatness, the connection is completed through the fixed columns through the matched connecting pieces, namely when the slope surface is uneven up and down, the frame limitation of uneven zones is completed by respectively arranging a limiting strip on the upper space and the lower space and longitudinally connecting the limiting strips, so that the frame has better matching degree with the construction surface compared with the prior art;

a substrate 10 arranged inside the frame structure by clamping and/or bonding;

the center of the fixing piece is provided with a fixing groove 11 for the second fixed base auxiliary mechanism to be inserted, the fixing groove is used for fixing the second fixed base auxiliary mechanism without secondary punching, and the spatial matching degree and the spatial height between layers are ensured, namely under the ordinary condition, the surface of the base material can exceed the preset height of the surface of the fixing piece after the base material is installed.

In another embodiment, the substrate is configured to include:

the bonding layer 12 matched with the surface of the rock slope is made of a material with better bonding degree with the surface of the stone, the roughness of the bonding layer is ensured, so that the matching degree with the bonding agent on the construction surface is better, the stability after bonding is better, compared with the prior art that the bonding layer is directly clamped or directly sprayed, the bonding layer 12 has the advantages of being good in reliability and capable of being directly clamped or directly sprayed;

the base layer is arranged on the bonding layer and is configured to comprise a first felt layer 13 and a second felt layer 14 which are oppositely arranged, the thickness of the base layer is increased, the base layer is protected and molded, and the base layer can be maintained in the using process;

the substrate layer 15 is arranged between the two felt layers and is used for being fully combined with the surface of the rock slope in the later period to maintain the rock slope, and meanwhile, the substrate layer is also used as a substrate for moss to grow in the later period, so that the later spraying amount is reduced;

wherein, the thickness of the first felt layer at the lower part is configured to be 0.55-1mm, the thickness of the second felt layer at the upper part is configured to be 2-7mm, in the structure, the thickness of the first felt layer is limited, so that after the first felt layer is combined with the substrate layer, the first felt layer can limit the substrate layer, and simultaneously the first felt layer has the capability of being deformed, but can not be scattered, and simultaneously, because of the problem of the construction progress, the water can be preserved through the setting of the felt layer, but the structure of the substrate layer can not be damaged by external force.

In another embodiment, the substrate layer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:

the organic fertilizer comprises, by weight, 150-250 parts of planting soil, 45-75 parts of humus soil, 17-25 parts of straws, 15-25 parts of organic fertilizer, 16-22 parts of sugar residues and 17-30 parts of microbial fertilizer.

In another embodiment, the preparation method of the matrix layer comprises:

step two, laying a first non-woven fabric layer on the processing surface;

and step four, covering a second non-woven fabric layer matched with the mixture layer after spraying, and obtaining a solid matrix layer in a natural air drying or low-temperature cooling mode.

In another embodiment, the second footing aid is configured to include:

a plug connector 16 which is matched with the fixed groove on the second fixed base auxiliary mechanism and has a dry-shaped section;

fix flexible layer 17 with hole on the plug connector through the rubber circle, in actual operation, lay the flexible layer behind the construction face, fix the flexible layer through matched with rubber circle, can push down the spatial position of flexible layer simultaneously, make its gap with the culture medium layer in the space littleer, the moss layer of being convenient for forms the integral type structure with the culture medium layer under the effect of spraying, and the hole design on the flexible layer, make the moss layer can direct action in the culture medium layer, the combination degree and the cooperation degree of the two are better.

In another embodiment, the second felt layer is provided with sinking grooves 18 distributed in a grid manner on the side matched with the flexible layer, the sinking grooves are used for enabling the culture layer to further penetrate into the substrate layer, and after the culture layer is fixed at the later stage, the flexible whole culture medium can be fixed through grid type culture medium protruding parts extending into the sinking grooves, so that the structural matching stability of the culture medium and the substrate layer is ensured;

the flexible layer is provided with a roughened attachment part 19 at one side matched with the sprayed moss layer, the flexible layer is provided with a plurality of protruding limiting strips 20 matched with the sink grooves at one side matched with the second felt layer, the structural stability of the flexible layer is well regulated through the protruding structural design, the flexible layer can be stretched in operation without influencing the physical structural stability of the flexible layer, no damage is caused, the length of each limiting strip is configured to be larger than the width of the flexible layer, the flexible layer can be prepared from degradable rubber materials in the structure, the moss layer can be conveniently attached through roughening, the design of the limiting strips is communicated, the flexible layer can be further in close contact with the culture substrate layer, meanwhile, the two ends of the limiting strips can be provided with matched connecting rings as required, and in actual operation, the fixing columns can be arranged on the limiting strips, two parts of the limiting strip are wound on the fixing column, and then the connecting ring is sleeved on the fixing column to ensure the tightness of the structural matching.

In another embodiment, the raw material of the medium layer is configured to include: the matrix layer material, the reinforcing liquid and the water are adopted, and in addition, for example, 40-50 parts by weight of the matrix layer material, 60-75 parts by weight of the reinforcing liquid and 125-135 parts by weight of the water are adopted during actual preparation, so that compared with the prior art, the use proportion of the reinforcing liquid can be obviously reduced, but the first auxiliary mechanism is matched to have better adhesion effect with the side slope of the rock to be treated, the stability is better, the falling problem caused by gravity loss after spraying can be obviously reduced, and the forming is easier;

the moss layer is prepared from raw materials comprising moisture absorbing particles, water retaining particles, pretreated moss stems and leaves, water and starch compounded adhesive, the proportion of the moss layer is not different from that of the moss layer in the prior art, so that the proportion is not described, and the size and variety of the moss stems and leaves can be adaptively selected according to different regions so as to adapt to the local environmental growth characteristics.

The above scheme is merely illustrative of a preferred example, and is not limiting. When the invention is implemented, appropriate replacement and/or modification can be carried out according to the requirements of users.

The number of apparatuses and the scale of the process described herein are intended to simplify the description of the present invention. Applications, modifications and variations of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not intended to be limited to the uses set forth in the specification and examples. It can be applied to all kinds of fields suitable for the present invention. Additional modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art. It is therefore intended that the invention not be limited to the exact details and illustrations described and illustrated herein, but fall within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. A moss greening method for steep rock slopes is characterized by comprising the following steps:

2. The moss greening method for steep rock slopes of claim 1, wherein in step one, the shield assembly is configured to include:

an expansion member disposed between the fixing sleeve and the support member;

a shielding plate with lower radian;

3. The moss greening method for steep rock slopes of claim 1, wherein the first foundation assist mechanism is configured to include:

4. The moss greening method for steep rock slopes of claim 3, wherein the substrate is configured to include:

the bonding layer is matched with the surface of the rock slope;

the substrate layer is arranged between the two felt layers;

5. The moss greening method for steep rock slopes of claim 4, wherein the matrix layer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:

6. The moss greening method for steep rock slopes according to claim 5, wherein the preparation method of the matrix layer comprises:

step two, laying a first non-woven fabric layer on the processing surface;

7. The moss greening method for steep rock slopes of claim 4, wherein the second footing assisting mechanism is configured to include:

8. The moss greening method for steep rock slopes according to claim 4, wherein the second felt layer is provided with sink grooves distributed in a grid on the side matched with the flexible layer;

9. The moss greening method for steep rock slopes of claim 1, wherein the raw material of the medium layer is configured to include: matrix layer material, reinforcing liquid and water;