CN113875480A - Wetland vegetation ecological restoration method based on soil seed bank water activation - Google Patents
Wetland vegetation ecological restoration method based on soil seed bank water activation Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 118
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007226 seed germination Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005059 dormancy Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
Abstract
A wetland vegetation ecological restoration method based on soil seed bank water activation relates to a wetland vegetation ecological restoration method, in particular to a northern river land-water staggered zone wetland vegetation ecological restoration method. The method aims to solve the problems of large artificial interference and low vegetation recovery speed of the conventional wetland vegetation recovery method. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, selecting an experimental object; secondly, determining the characteristics of a recovery region seed library: 1. sampling in 4 late ten months per year; 2. sampling; 3. processing a sample; 4. plant species survey, recording plant species and density within each sample; and thirdly, carrying out drip irrigation according to the plant types in the soil seed bank, wherein the specific irrigation time is divided into 2 times, and controlling the surface water level and the soil water content of the degraded wetland area. The method has the advantages of small artificial waste, low investment, high vegetation recovery speed and remarkable improvement of the biomass and the number of target plant populations after recovery. The invention is used for the field of wetland vegetation ecological restoration.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a wetland vegetation ecological restoration method, in particular to a wetland vegetation ecological restoration method for an amphibious alternate zone of a northern river.
Background
Wetlands are a transitional ecosystem type between land and water that can provide well-being to humans at multiple levels, such as flood peak reduction, contaminant purification, food supply, silt promotion, land reclamation, and the like. In the past 100 years, under the dual influence of climate change and human activity interference, 80% of wetlands are degraded to different degrees in the world, and degraded wetland restoration becomes a hot spot of global attention.
The vegetation is used as an engineer of a wetland ecosystem and is an important mark for success or failure of wetland restoration. The wetland vegetation restoration mainly comprises two types of natural restoration and artificial restoration, and a corresponding restoration technology is formed. The artificial restoration is mainly to artificially introduce plant propagules to carry out vegetation restoration, such as a seeding method, a nutrient body transplanting method, a turf transplanting method and the like, and on the basis of following a community succession rule, the wetland vegetation is quickly restored to a top-level community to reach a stable state, so that the process of restoring the vegetation and reconstructing the vegetation is adopted in the artificial restoration, a large amount of manpower, financial resources and material resources are consumed, and the interference and the influence on a natural ecological system are large.
The natural restoration is mainly to apply a soil seed bank to carry out natural restoration of vegetation. The soil seed bank refers to the sum of all plant propagules in soil under a specific time and space, and comprises seeds in the true plant morphology sense, and plant organs with reproductive capacity such as bulbs, tubers, root tubers and rootstocks of plants. Due to the particularity of the living environment of the wetland vegetation, the soil animal group has fewer species and quantity compared with the land environment, the seed ingestion rate is lower, the soil seed bank is greatly maintained, and a good material foundation is laid for the natural recovery of the wetland vegetation. The natural restoration of vegetation by applying a soil seed bank is also a current popular restoration technology, for example, the wetland is enclosed to carry out natural restoration succession. The technology has the advantages that the interference to a natural ecosystem is small, manual intervention is not performed on a recovery process, and only external interference conditions are artificially removed, so that the vegetation can be ensured to perform secondary succession spontaneously, and the recovery purpose is achieved.
In comparison, the artificial restoration and the natural restoration have respective advantages and disadvantages, the vegetation restoration speed of the artificial restoration technology is high, the succession direction, the succession speed and the initial stage of the community can be artificially controlled, but the interference on the natural ecosystem is large, and the money and the labor are consumed. The natural restoration is a natural succession process of a plant community, interference on the natural community is small, but the succession process is long, factors such as the direction of succession, the speed of succession and the like cannot be controlled manually, and the succession can even occur in a reverse direction along with environmental changes, so that the top-level community stage is difficult to achieve in a short time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a wetland vegetation ecological restoration method based on soil seed bank water activation, aiming at solving the problems of large artificial interference and low vegetation restoration speed of the conventional wetland vegetation restoration method.
The invention relates to a wetland vegetation ecological restoration method based on soil seed bank water activation, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selection of the subject
Selecting a degraded land-water staggered belt lobular chapter wetland with soil water content lower than 40%;
step two: determining recovery region seed library characteristics
1. Sampling time: sampling in 4 late ten months per year;
2. the sampling method comprises the following steps: 3-5 sample belts are arranged at the wetland investigation sample points, the width of each sample belt is 20-40m, 3-5 sample parties are randomly arranged on each sample belt, and each sample party is kept complete;
3. sample treatment: dividing each sample prescription into 100 parts of small samples, and dividing the small samples into 3 sample blocks; randomly selecting 30 small samples from 100 small samples in each sample prescription, taking 1 sample block from each small sample, and uniformly mixing 30 sample blocks in the same sample prescription to be used as a soil sample to be detected;
4. plant species survey, recording plant species and density within each sample:
A. carrying out soil sample concentration treatment and high-temperature treatment, pre-filling vermiculite without seeds or cleaned sand at the bottom of the germination container, and then uniformly paving the soil sample in the germination container;
B. then carrying out germination test on the germination container filled with the soil sample, wherein the soil sample is subjected to natural illumination;
C. identifying plant species 25 days after seed germination, counting the plant germination type and number in each germination container, and obtaining 1m by the following formula2The number of wetland plant seeds germinated in the selected wetland is as follows:
y is X X1 m2/[(100/3)×30]
Wherein, the X grains are the total number of the seeds germinated by the wetland plants in the germination container; y is 1m2The number of wetland plant seeds in the selected wetland is germinated;
thirdly, carrying out drip irrigation according to the plant types in the soil seed bank, wherein the specific irrigation time is divided into 2 times, and controlling the surface water level and the soil water content of the degraded wetland area, specifically as follows:
1) when submerged plants are used as dominant plants in a soil seed bank of the degraded wetland area, irrigating until the water depth is 70-100 cm, and controlling the water content of the soil to be 100% -120%;
2) when floating-leaf plants are used as dominant plants in a soil seed bank of the degraded wetland area, irrigating until the water depth is 30-70 cm, and controlling the water content of the soil to be 90-100%;
3) when emergent aquatic plants are taken as dominant plants in a soil seed bank of the degraded wetland area, irrigating until the water depth is 20-30 cm, and controlling the water content of soil to be 75-90%;
4) when the soil seed bank in the degraded wetland area takes the hygrophyte as the dominant plant, the water is irrigated to the depth of 10-15 cm, and the water content of the soil is controlled to be 60% -75%.
Further, the interval between each sample belt in the second step is 50-200 m.
Further, in the second step, the size of each sample is (1-3) m X (1-3) m, and the depth of each sample is 30-35 cm.
Further, in the step two, the soil sample concentration treatment is to screen the soil sample by using a small mesh screen, wherein the mesh size is 0.2-0.3 mm.
Further, the treatment temperature of the high-temperature treatment in the step two is 30-35 ℃.
Further, the thickness of the vermiculite or the sand in the second step is 4-8 cm.
Further, the temperature of the germination experiment in the second step is 20-25 ℃.
Further, the germinated wetland plant seeds are classified into submerged plants, floating plants, emergent aquatic plants and hygrophytes.
Further, the first drip irrigation in the third step is carried out in spring.
Further, the second drip irrigation in the third step is carried out before the autumn plants start to winter in the withered and yellow period.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
the wetland has three essential elements in the true sense, namely long-term or seasonal surface water, water soil or submerged soil and wetland vegetation adaptive to water and soil. Obviously, in the three elements, soil and vegetation all depend on the existence of moisture, the soil moisture condition directly determines the succession speed and the succession direction of the vegetation, and if the proper human intervention is carried out on the soil moisture condition, the rapid wetland vegetation recovery process can be realized under the condition of minimally interfering the natural ecosystem.
The method of the invention is used for semi-natural restoration of the wetland vegetation, can obviously improve the productivity on the wetland vegetation land and the population quantity of target plants through reasonable spring drip irrigation and autumn soil moisture conservation, and has the advantages of small artificial interference, low investment, high vegetation restoration speed and the like.
On the basis of fully knowing the life history characteristics, the water demand difference and the seed bank characteristics of the wetland plants, the method can reduce the economic investment of vegetation recovery and the interference to natural vegetation in the recovery process through proper artificial interference, can quickly realize the directional recovery succession of the wetland vegetation, and has wide application prospect in the wetland vegetation recovery.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the wetland vegetation recovery speed is fast: through reasonable drop irrigation, the water content of the soil is regulated and controlled, the germination of wetland plant seeds and the population recovery are promoted, the germination of the seeds of the drought-bearing and middle-bearing plants is inhibited, and compared with a pure natural recovery technology, the recovery succession speed of a community can be obviously accelerated.
2. The aboveground biomass of the restored plant community and the number of the target plant population are obviously improved: by implementing the method, the vegetation degradation condition of the wetland can be effectively improved, the vegetation coverage reaches more than 65% (about 40% before recovery), and the vegetation biomass is increased by more than 20%.
3. The artificial interference degree to the natural ecosystem is low: in the existing artificial vegetation recovery process, plant propagules need to be artificially introduced, and although rapid vegetation recovery can be realized, in the propagule sowing process, the planting processes such as ditching, sowing and the like are needed, so that wetland vegetation and soil biological community structures are seriously interfered, and the influence on a natural ecosystem is great. The method of the invention has small artificial interference, and can not excessively influence other components of the wetland ecosystem on the premise of realizing rapid recovery.
4. The method only relates to drip irrigation equipment for soil moisture regulation and control, and does not relate to a large-scale propagule sowing process, so the implementation cost of the method is low.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments, but includes any combination of the specific embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows: the wetland vegetation ecological restoration method based on the soil seed bank water activation comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selection of the subject
Selecting a degraded land-water staggered belt lobular chapter wetland with soil water content lower than 40%;
step two: determining recovery region seed library characteristics
1. Sampling time: sampling in 4 late ten months per year;
2. the sampling method comprises the following steps: 3-5 sample belts are arranged at the wetland investigation sample points, the width of each sample belt is 20-40m, 3-5 sample parties are randomly arranged on each sample belt, and each sample party is kept complete;
3. sample treatment: dividing each sample prescription into 100 parts of small samples, and dividing the small samples into 3 sample blocks; randomly selecting 30 small samples from 100 small samples in each sample prescription, taking 1 sample block from each small sample, and uniformly mixing 30 sample blocks in the same sample prescription to be used as a soil sample to be detected;
4. plant species survey, recording plant species and density within each sample:
A. carrying out soil sample concentration treatment and high-temperature treatment, pre-filling vermiculite without seeds or cleaned sand at the bottom of the germination container, and then uniformly paving the soil sample in the germination container;
B. then carrying out germination test on the germination container filled with the soil sample, wherein the soil sample is subjected to natural illumination;
C. identifying plant species 25 days after seed germination, counting the plant germination type and number in each germination container, and obtaining 1m by the following formula2The number of wetland plant seeds germinated in the selected wetland is as follows:
Y＝x particle is multiplied by 1m2/[(100/3)×30]
Wherein, the X grains are the total number of the seeds germinated by the wetland plants in the germination container; y is 1m2The number of wetland plant seeds in the selected wetland is germinated;
thirdly, carrying out drip irrigation according to the plant types in the soil seed bank, wherein the specific irrigation time is divided into 2 times, and controlling the surface water level and the soil water content of the degraded wetland area, specifically as follows:
1) when submerged plants are used as dominant plants in a soil seed bank of the degraded wetland area, irrigating until the water depth is 70-100 cm, and controlling the water content of the soil to be 100% -120%;
2) when floating-leaf plants are used as dominant plants in a soil seed bank of the degraded wetland area, irrigating until the water depth is 30-70 cm, and controlling the water content of the soil to be 90-100%;
3) when emergent aquatic plants are taken as dominant plants in a soil seed bank of the degraded wetland area, irrigating until the water depth is 20-30 cm, and controlling the water content of soil to be 75-90%;
4) when the soil seed bank in the degraded wetland area takes the hygrophyte as the dominant plant, the water is irrigated to the depth of 10-15 cm, and the water content of the soil is controlled to be 60% -75%.
On the basis of knowing and mastering the characteristics of the soil seed bank in the recovery area, the invention utilizes different germination and adaptation characteristics of different species to water, changes the vegetation structure of the degraded wetland through water regulation and control, and tends to natural undegraded vegetation, thereby realizing the ecological recovery of the degraded wetland in the water-land staggered zone of the northern river.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: and in the second step, the interval between every two sample belts is 50-200 m. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment differs from the first or second embodiment in that: in the second step, the size of each sample is (1-3) mx (1-3) m, and the depth of each sample is 30-35 cm. The other is the same as in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment mode and one of the first to third embodiment modes is: and in the step two, the soil sample concentration treatment is to screen the soil sample by adopting a small mesh screen, wherein the mesh size is 0.2-0.3 mm. The others are the same as in one of the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fourth embodiments is: the treatment temperature of the high-temperature treatment in the second step is 30-35 ℃. The other is the same as one of the first to fourth embodiments.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fifth embodiments is: and in the second step, the thickness of the vermiculite or the sand is 4-8 cm. The other is the same as one of the first to fifth embodiments.
The seventh embodiment: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to sixth embodiments is: the temperature of the germination experiment in the second step is 20-25 ℃. The other is the same as one of the first to sixth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the present embodiment differs from one of the first to seventh embodiments in that: germinated wetland plant seeds are classified into submerged plants, floating plants, emergent plants and hygrophytes. The other is the same as one of the first to seventh embodiments.
The specific implementation method nine: the present embodiment differs from the first to eighth embodiments in that: the first drip irrigation in the third step is carried out in spring. The rest is the same as the first to eighth embodiments.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the present embodiment differs from one of the first to ninth embodiments in that: the second drip irrigation in the third step is carried out before the autumn plants fall into winter in the withered and yellow period. The other is the same as one of the first to ninth embodiments.
The following examples are given to illustrate the present invention, and the following examples are carried out on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and give detailed embodiments and specific procedures, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1: the ecological recovery method of the vegetation of the water-land staggered wetland in the north river based on the water activation of the soil seed bank comprises the following steps:
selection of experimental objects
Selecting a degraded land-water staggered belt lobular chapter wetland with soil water content lower than 40%;
secondly, determining the characteristics of a recovery area seed database
The purpose of this step is to find out which plant species are mainly present in the recovery area, and the method is realized by the steps of sampling time, sampling method, sample treatment, moisture regulation, plant species investigation and the like.
1) Sampling time: sampling in late 4 months (before the plants turned green);
the composition and size of the soil seed bank show obvious seasonal variation with time, and the number of species in the seed bank is reduced due to seed germination, death and the like with the time; when the seeds of the local vegetation are mature, the species composition and size of the seed bank can be recovered. The sampling time chosen for this embodiment is to study the seed pool that survives the winter dormancy;
2) the sampling method comprises the following steps: 3-5 sample belts are arranged at the wetland investigation sample points, the interval between every two sample belts is 50-200m, the width of every sample belt is 20-40m, 3-5 sample squares are randomly arranged on every sample belt, the size of every sample square is (1-3) mx (1-3) m, the depth of every sample square is 30cm, and every sample square is required to be kept complete; the embodiment selects the sampling method, so that the sampling error can be reduced, and the sampling accuracy is improved;
3) sample treatment: dividing each sample prescription into 100 small samples (100 samples of 10cm multiplied by 10 cm), and dividing the small samples into 3 sample blocks; randomly selecting 30 small samples from 100 small samples in each sample prescription, taking 1 sample block from each small sample, and uniformly mixing 30 sample blocks in the same sample prescription to be used as a soil sample to be detected;
4) plant species survey, recording plant species and density within each sample.
A. Soil sample pretreatment: removing large gravels and coarse heels in the soil sample, then carrying out soil sample concentration treatment, and screening the soil sample by using a small mesh screen, wherein the mesh size is 0.2 mm; then, carrying out high-temperature treatment on the soil sample, wherein the treatment temperature is 30-35 ℃, and breaking the dormancy of the soil seeds through certain high-temperature treatment; pre-filling 5 cm-thick non-seed vermiculite or cleaned sand at the bottom of the plastic flowerpot, and then uniformly paving the soil sample in the plastic flowerpot for germination;
B. germination test: and then placing the flowerpot filled with the soil sample in an appropriate environment with the temperature of 20-25 ℃ for germination test, wherein the soil sample is subjected to natural illumination, timely replenishing water in the seed germination period and meeting different water level requirements of the soil sample, counting the seedling emergence conditions, marking the plants with seedling emergence of each plant and making relevant statistics. And carrying out plant statistics and species identification when the seeds in the soil sample germinate and grow until morphological characteristics are obvious.
And synchronously performing a seed germination test on each investigation sample according to the method, and repeating the test for each sample for 3 times.
C. Identification of plant species:
based on the seed germination test, the plant seeds are identified 25 days after the seeds germinate, and the types and the number of the plant germination in each plastic flowerpot for germination are counted.
The dominant plant type was determined by: and counting the types and the number of the wetland plant seeds germinated in the soil seed bank of each sample prescription and sample belt, and classifying according to submerged plants, floating-leaf plants, emergent aquatic plants and hygrophytes. And (3) determining the type of plant as the dominant plant type when the number of the plant of the type is the most and the number of seeds is more by combining the corresponding sample prescription of the degraded wetland area and the vegetation investigation result in the sample zone, and controlling the water level according to the water level requirement of the type of plant as much as possible during water supplement.
The number of the germinated seeds in the plastic flowerpot is counted to obtain 1m through the following formula2The number of wetland plant seeds germinated in the selected wetland is as follows:
y is X X1 m2/[(100/3)×30]；
Wherein, the X grains are the total number of the seeds germinated by the wetland plants in the plastic flowerpot; y is 1m2The number of wetland plant seeds germinated in the selected wetland.
According to the formula, the germination quantity of the wetland plant seeds in unit area in each sample can be calculated, and further the germination quantity of the wetland plant seeds on the sample belt selected from a certain sample point in the degraded wetland area is determined.
And thirdly, carrying out water regulation and control on the basis of completing the investigation of the soil seed bank in the recovery area. The plant types in the soil seed bank include submerged plants, floating plants, emerging plants and hygrophytes. According to the actual situation, drip irrigation is carried out, and the surface water level and the soil water content of the degraded wetland area are controlled, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) when submerged plants are used as dominant plants in a soil seed bank of the degraded wetland area, irrigating until the water depth is 70-100 cm, and controlling the water content of the soil to be 100% -120%;
2) when floating-leaf plants are used as dominant plants in a soil seed bank of the degraded wetland area, irrigating until the water depth is 30-70 cm, and controlling the water content of the soil to be 90-100%;
3) when emergent aquatic plants are taken as dominant plants in a soil seed bank of the degraded wetland area, irrigating until the water depth is 20-30 cm, and controlling the water content of soil to be 75-90%;
4) when the soil seed bank in the degraded wetland area takes the hygrophyte as the dominant plant, irrigating until the water depth is 10-15 cm, and controlling the water content of the soil to be 60% -75%;
the specific irrigation time is as follows: and carrying out primary drip irrigation in spring, and carrying out secondary drip irrigation before winter of autumn plants in a withered and yellow period, so as to promote soil moisture conservation and improve the germination capacity of target plant seeds in spring of the next year.
The specific characteristics of the soil seed bank water activation ecological restoration method in the embodiment can be seen in the following table.
TABLE 1 comparison of soil seed bank moisture activated ecological restoration method with general artificial restoration method and natural restoration method
The ecological restoration method for the vegetation in the northern river land-water staggered zone based on the water activation of the soil seed bank, provided by the invention, is guided by taking the secondary succession of the vegetation as a theory, and accelerates the progress of the succession of the restoration of the vegetation in the wetland by artificially regulating and controlling the soil water condition in the vegetation restoration process. The method carries out vegetation recovery by drip irrigation in the germination period of spring plant seeds and soil moisture conservation in the withered and yellow period of autumn plants. The method has the advantages of small man-made interference, low investment, high vegetation recovery speed and the like. The aboveground biomass of the restored plant community and the number of the target plant population are obviously improved.
By implementing the method, the degradation condition of the vegetation in the wetland can be effectively improved, the vegetation coverage reaches more than 65% (about 40% before recovery), and compared with the method before implementation, the vegetation in the wetland is obviously increased, and the vegetation biomass is increased by more than 20%.
Claims (10)
1. A wetland vegetation ecological restoration method based on soil seed bank water activation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selection of the subject
Selecting a degraded land-water staggered belt lobular chapter wetland with soil water content lower than 40%;
step two: determining recovery region seed library characteristics
1. Sampling time: sampling in 4 late ten months per year;
2. the sampling method comprises the following steps: 3-5 sample belts are arranged at the wetland investigation sample points, the width of each sample belt is 20-40m, 3-5 sample parties are randomly arranged on each sample belt, and each sample party is kept complete;
3. sample treatment: dividing each sample prescription into 100 parts of small samples, and dividing the small samples into 3 sample blocks; randomly selecting 30 small samples from 100 small samples in each sample prescription, taking 1 sample block from each small sample, and uniformly mixing 30 sample blocks in the same sample prescription to be used as a soil sample to be detected;
4. plant species survey, recording plant species and density within each sample:
A. carrying out soil sample concentration treatment and high-temperature treatment, pre-filling vermiculite without seeds or cleaned sand at the bottom of the germination container, and then uniformly paving the soil sample in the germination container;
B. then carrying out germination test on the germination container filled with the soil sample, wherein the soil sample is subjected to natural illumination;
C. identifying plant species 25 days after seed germination, counting the plant germination type and number in each germination container, and obtaining 1m by the following formula2The number of wetland plant seeds germinated in the selected wetland is as follows:
y is X X1 m2/[(100/3)×30]
Wherein, the X grains are the total number of the seeds germinated by the wetland plants in the germination container; y is 1m2The number of wetland plant seeds in the selected wetland is germinated;
thirdly, carrying out drip irrigation according to the plant types in the soil seed bank, wherein the specific irrigation time is divided into 2 times, and controlling the surface water level and the soil water content of the degraded wetland area, specifically as follows:
1) when submerged plants are used as dominant plants in a soil seed bank of the degraded wetland area, irrigating until the water depth is 70-100 cm, and controlling the water content of the soil to be 100% -120%;
2) when floating-leaf plants are used as dominant plants in a soil seed bank of the degraded wetland area, irrigating until the water depth is 30-70 cm, and controlling the water content of the soil to be 90-100%;
3) when emergent aquatic plants are taken as dominant plants in a soil seed bank of the degraded wetland area, irrigating until the water depth is 20-30 cm, and controlling the water content of soil to be 75-90%;
4) when the soil seed bank in the degraded wetland area takes the hygrophyte as the dominant plant, the water is irrigated to the depth of 10-15 cm, and the water content of the soil is controlled to be 60% -75%.
2. The method for ecological restoration of wetland vegetation based on water activation of the soil seed bank according to claim 1, characterized in that the interval between each sample band in the second step is 50-200 m.
3. The wetland vegetation ecological restoration method based on soil seed bank water activation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the second step, the size of each sample is (1-3) mx (1-3) m, and the depth of each sample is 30-35 cm.
4. The method for ecological restoration of wetland vegetation based on water activation of a soil seed bank according to claim 3, characterized in that the soil sample concentration treatment in the second step is to screen the soil sample by a small mesh screen, and the mesh size is 0.2-0.3 mm.
5. The method for ecological restoration of wetland vegetation based on water activation of a soil seed bank according to claim 1, 2 or 4, characterized in that the treatment temperature of the high-temperature treatment in the second step is 30-35 ℃.
6. The wetland vegetation ecological restoration method based on soil seed bank water activation is characterized in that the thickness of vermiculite or sand in the second step is 4-8 cm.
7. The wetland vegetation ecological restoration method based on soil seed bank water activation according to claim 6, characterized in that the temperature of germination experiments in the second step is 20-25 ℃.
8. The method for ecological restoration of wetland vegetation based on water activation of a soil seed bank according to claim 1, 2 or 4, characterized in that the germinated wetland plant seeds are classified into submerged plants, floating leaves, emergent plants and hygrophytes.
9. The method for ecological restoration of wetland vegetation based on water activation of a soil seed bank according to claim 8, characterized in that the first drip irrigation in the third step is carried out in spring.
10. The method for ecological restoration of wetland vegetation based on water activation of a soil seed bank according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the second drip irrigation in the third step is carried out before winter of autumn plants in the dry and yellow period.
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| ZA2021/09348A ZA202109348B (en) | 2021-10-27 | 2021-11-22 | Method for ecological restoration of wetland vegetation based on water activation of soil seed bank |
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| CN102301873A (en) * | 2011-06-21 | 2012-01-04 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for activating soil seed bank in large area of arid desert area |
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