CN113860675A - Method for controlling alkali by adopting solid combined reagent red mud - Google Patents
Method for controlling alkali by adopting solid combined reagent red mud Download PDFInfo
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- CN113860675A CN113860675A CN202111111044.8A CN202111111044A CN113860675A CN 113860675 A CN113860675 A CN 113860675A CN 202111111044 A CN202111111044 A CN 202111111044A CN 113860675 A CN113860675 A CN 113860675A
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- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001061264 Astragalus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010110 Astragalus glycyphyllos Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000000111 Saccharum officinarum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000006533 astragalus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 244000166124 Eucalyptus globulus Species 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012458 free base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/004—Sludge detoxification
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the alkali control effect of red mud by using a solid combined medicament of magnesium chloride, ferric chloride and gypsum powder, and backfilling a mining pit for reclamation and greening after the red mud is subjected to soil treatment with slime. The mixture ratio (dry weight) of the ore mud and the red mud is as follows: 60-95% of slime and 5-40% of red mud. The total mass (dry weight) of the three powders accounts for 0.30-1.0% of the dry weight of the red mud (wherein, the total mass comprises 25-50% of magnesium chloride, 20-50% of ferric trichloride and 10-25% of gypsum powder). The three combined medicaments are respectively and uniformly scattered on the red mud after being metered, and are stirred, mixed, dissolved, aged, reacted and alkali-controlled, the alkali-controlled red mud is subjected to chemical treatment with dehydrated ore mud soil, and the similar soil is sent to a mine pit for landfill, reclamation and greening planting. The invention adopts the combined medicament, supplements essential elements of plants compared with a single medicament, inhibits the activation of aluminum and heavy metal elements in materials, improves the alkali control effect of red mud and reduces the medicament consumption cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of weathering bauxite mine reclamation, in particular to a method for backfilling mining pits for reclamation by controlling alkali with composite reagent red mud and treating with slime soil.
Background
Aluminum is a non-ferrous metal with the largest yield, but the exploitation and smelting of bauxite can bring about a great deal of ecological environment problems such as the disposal of red mud and slime, and the lack of sufficient soil source filling in a bauxite goaf. The residues after washing and extracting aluminum from red mud and ore mud bauxite are derived from weathered residual slope deposits in the mining area and have chemical components similar to those of slope lands and farmland soil around the mining area. According to the natural law of 'from where to go back to where' red mud is added with ferric trichloride for alkali reduction modification at the early stage, is mixed with slime for backfilling into the original pit after reaction aging, and carries out corresponding engineering demonstration (application number 202010219284.9), but later agricultural development finds that: the alkali-control modification effect of a single chemical component still has a certain promotion space; the mineral area soil and red mud and slime soil treatment soil seriously lack magnesium and sulfur elements due to long-term subtropical leaching of the residual slope deposits and cultivated land soil matrix, and the plant growth of the green-recovering and land-reclaiming land is seriously influenced; the farmland soil on the peripheral slope of the goaf of the mining area and the soil for the soil chemical treatment of red mud and slime often contain heavy metal elements such As As and Cd and need to be passivated and fixed; meanwhile, engineering cost needs to be considered in the process of treating the red mud and the ore mud soil, so that a compound medicament needs to be adopted to adjust alkali for modifying the red mud so as to supplement essential elements (such as magnesium and sulfur) for crop growth, which are lacked in reclaimed land, control activation of amphoteric element aluminum and passivation of heavy metal elements, improve the alkali control effect of the red mud and reduce the cost of medicament consumption.
According to the invention, on the basis of only adopting ferric chloride red mud alkali control, magnesium chloride, ferric chloride and gypsum powder combined reagent are adopted, the alkali control effect of red mud is improved, and then the alkali control effect is treated with dehydrated ore mud in a soil way to reclaim and restore mined-out areas in mining areas.
Disclosure of Invention
A method for improving the alkali control effect of red mud by using magnesium chloride, ferric chloride and gypsum powder combined reagents, and backfilling mining pits for reclamation and greening after the red mud is subjected to soil treatment with slime.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) the raw materials are proportioned according to the following weight percentage (dry weight): 60-95% of mineral mud, 5-40% of red mud and a plurality of red mud alkali-controlling agents, namely magnesium chloride, ferric trichloride and gypsum.
(2) Firstly, the slime is coagulated and dehydrated to the water content of below 50 percent; dehydrating the red mud until the water content is 30 percent or less.
(3) And (3) mixing the red mud obtained in the step (2) with magnesium chloride, anhydrous ferric trichloride and gypsum powder. Calculating the dry weight of the red mud according to the water content of the red mud; determining the adding amount of powder of magnesium chloride, ferric trichloride and gypsum according to the dry weight of the red mud and the pH value thereof, wherein the total adding amount (dry weight) of the magnesium chloride, the ferric trichloride and the gypsum accounts for 0.30-1.0% of the dry weight of the red mud (wherein, the magnesium chloride accounts for 35-55%, the anhydrous ferric trichloride accounts for 20-35% and the gypsum powder accounts for 10-25%); when the pH value of the red mud is 11 or above, adding the three combined medicaments according to 0.40-1.0% of the mass of the red mud, adding the three combined medicaments according to 0.35-0.85% of the red mud when the pH value is 10.5-11, adding the three combined medicaments according to 0.30-0.65% when the pH value is below 10.5, and weighing various medicaments according to the quantity (wherein when the magnesium chloride and the ferric trichloride are weighed according to the weight of the anhydrous magnesium chloride and the anhydrous ferric trichloride, if the magnesium chloride and the ferric trichloride contain water, the corresponding water content is correspondingly increased).
(4) The red mud alkali control is stirred and mixed by a digging machine, or is mixed by stirring equipment (such as a horizontal stirring tank and a vertical stirrer). When the digger is adopted for mixing, large red mud needs to be beaten and smashed by a digging bucket, then the red mud is spread on a red mud yard or an aging yard according to the height of 1-2m, then the three metered medicaments are respectively and uniformly scattered on the red mud by the digger, then the three medicaments are respectively mixed and turned over for 1 time by the digger, and then the three medicaments are stacked in a high stacking manner of 2-3 m; when horizontal and vertical stirring equipment is adopted for mixing and stirring, the red mud is crushed to the particle size of 100mm or less, and then magnesium chloride, ferric trichloride and gypsum powder are respectively added according to the feeding mass of the red mud. The three medicaments are added in the order of magnesium chloride, ferric trichloride and gypsum powder.
(5) And (3) piling the mixed material or the alkali-controlling red mud obtained in the step (4) for 10-15 days, and then turning the pile for 2 times so as to fully disperse, uniformly mix, dissolve and react the three medicaments in the red mud, and continuously piling for 10-15 days so as to further age, react and stabilize the alkali-controlling red mud.
(6) And (3) transporting the ore mud obtained in the step (2) and the red mud obtained in the step (5) to a pit needing to be reclaimed or a mixing and stirring station in the process. The mixing and stirring facility can be a digging machine, and can also be equipment with stirring function, such as a horizontal shaftless stirrer, a stirring tank, a vertical stirring tank and the like.
The ratio of the dehydrated slurry and the alkali-controlling red mud is 60-95% of the slurry in the step (2) and 5-40% of the alkali-controlling red mud in the step (5). Before mixing the two materials, the dehydrated slime needs to be crushed to the particle size of 100mm or less.
If the two materials are mixed by the excavator, the materials need to be repeatedly mixed and stacked for 3-5 times; if the slurry is a horizontal shaftless stirrer or stirring tools such as a stirring tank, a vertical stirring tank and the like, stirring is required for 5-10 min, and the dehydrated slurry and the alkali-control red mud are uniformly dispersed to become the slurry and the soil-type soil for treating the red mud.
(7) And (4) conveying the uniformly mixed materials or soil treatment soil in the step (6) to a pit needing to be buried and reclaimed, and then leveling and compacting the materials or the soil treatment soil by a forklift in a layering manner (one layer is 1.5-2.0 m). If the local area lacks stripping surface soil, the soil treatment soil in the step (6) needs to be pushed flat and compacted to be 0.4-1.0 m above the ground elevation at the periphery of the pit (if the depth of the pit is less than 3m, the superelevation is preferably 0.4-0.5 m; the depth of the pit is more than 6m, the superelevation is preferably 1.0 m; the depth of the pit is 3-6 m, and the superelevation is preferably 0.5-1.0 m), humic acid fertilizer or organic fertilizer (1-2 tons per mu) is spread on the surface, mechanical tillage is carried out for 1 time, common re-greening plants (such as green manure plants such as sponish needles, milk vetches and the like) or sugar cane, pasture and the like are adopted for ecological re-greening, and then the soil is gradually transformed into cultivated land through soil improvement for 2-3 years.
If the land is reclaimed for cultivated land, the filling height of the soil treatment soil in the pit is equal to or more than the ground elevation around the pit: when the depth of the pit is lower than 3m, the landfill height is preferably the elevation of the ground around the pit; the depth of the pit exceeds more than 6m, and the filling height is preferably 0.5m higher than the ground at the periphery of the pit; the depth of the pit is 3 m-6 m, and the filling height is 0.2 m-0.5 m higher than the ground around the pit). And then backfilling surface soil stripped from the original mine pit by 0.5m or more above the soil chemical treatment soil, compacting, leveling, and plowing and loosening the surface layer to serve as reclaimed land. And during agricultural cultivation, fertilization and agricultural management are carried out according to the types and types of crops to be planted.
The red mud is waste residue generated after metal aluminum is smelted by bauxite ore;
the slurry is a slurry-water mixture generated by washing weathered bauxite ore;
the ferric trichloride is qualified industrial grade anhydrous ferric trichloride or hydrous ferric trichloride sold in the market;
the magnesium chloride is commercially-available qualified industrial grade anhydrous magnesium chloride or hydrous magnesium chloride;
the gypsum powder is qualified agricultural gypsum powder sold in the market;
the humic acid fertilizer and the organic fertilizer are organic fertilizers or biological organic fertilizers which meet the national organic fertilizer quality standard.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the method fully follows the natural law of 'from where to go', and backfills the slime and the red mud formed by the dressing and smelting of the weathered bauxite into the original pit after the treatment of the soil, so that the soil is reconstructed, and the red mud and the slime which are piled up in a large amount are digested, thereby not only protecting the ecological environment, but also regenerating the natural resources, being beneficial to the sustainable development of the bauxite industry, and having good ecological benefit, environmental benefit and sustainable economic benefit.
(2) Three combined solid medicaments respectively contain Mg2+、Ca2+、Fe3+All three ions can react with OH in red mud-Free base, HCO3 -、CO3 2-Reacting to consume alkaline substances or alkalinity in the red mud, realize the alkali reduction of the red mud, and avoid the reaction of similar strong acid substances with amphoteric substances aluminum oxide/aluminate while quickly neutralizing the alkaline substances; the activation and dissolution of heavy metal components in the red mud and the slime are avoided; the high cost of adopting organic acid substances to neutralize the alkaline substances of the red mud is avoided, and the technical cost of the red mud alkali reduction process is effectively controlled.
(3) The red mud is subjected to alkali control and aging and then is subjected to chemical treatment with dehydrated slime soil to form similar soil with components very close to the soil around the mine pit. Not completely reacted and stabilized in alkali-controlling red mudThe residual alkaline substance can continue to react with silicate, incompletely weathered calcium carbonate and other components in the slime, and can also react with alkalescent or neutral soil minerals around the pit, so that the final pH of the similar soil is reduced to 8.5 or below, the particle size is properly increased, the volume weight or relative density is properly reduced and approaches to 1.6g/cm3The shear strength is enhanced, the permeability coefficient is improved, the physical and chemical properties and the soil physical properties of the final similar soil are basically the same as those of the soil around the mine pit, and the soil reconstruction of the soil similar to the treatment of the slimes and red mud in a soil treatment manner and the reclamation and greening of the backfilled mine pit are realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the preparation method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1: construction of reclamation site by soil treatment of ore mud and red mud in ore pit of bauxite in Guangxi Pingguo county
(1) Controlling alkali in the red mud. The water content of the dehydrated red mud is 31 percent, and the pH value is 10.9. The alkali-controlling adding agent is measured according to the dry weight percentage of the red mud: 0.5 percent of anhydrous magnesium chloride, 0.15 percent of anhydrous ferric trichloride and 0.15 percent of gypsum.
The red mud alkali control is implemented in an alkali control workshop beside a red mud yard, and 30 x 30m is arranged outside the workshop2The leveling field is used as a red mud alkali control stacking and aging place.
The alkali control step of the red mud comprises the following steps: taking the load capacity of red mud yard transport vehicles as a basic measurement unit, namely 24m of each vehicle3Or about 43 tons of wet red mud (about 30 tons dry weight) as 1 mixing and stirring amount; discharging the red mud from a feeding hopper, mechanically crushing the red mud until the particle size is below 100mm, and conveying the crushed red mud through a conveying belt; and thirdly, adding three kinds of combined powder of 150 kg of anhydrous magnesium chloride, 45 kg of ferric trichloride and 45 kg of gypsum powder according to the measurement of the red mud of each car. The three combined medicaments are metered and added by a feeder, the adding point is about 200mm above the conveyer belt, and the adding sequence is magnesium chloride, ferric chloride and gypsum powder which are sequentially and uniformly scattered on the crushed red mud of the conveyer belt. Feeding the crushed red mud and the combined reagent thereof into a horizontal stainless steel stirring tank through a conveyer belt, stirring for 5-10 min through a shaftless spiral way, and then stirring and mixing all the materialsThe alkali-control red mud is centrally stacked in a stack manner or in a conical manner according to the stacking height of 2-3 m; and fourthly, after aging for 10 days, turning over the pile for 2 times by using a forklift so as to fully disperse and uniformly mix the three medicaments in the red mud, and continuing piling and aging for 15 days in a pile type or cone type.
(2) After the alkali-control red mud is aged and stabilized, the alkali-control red mud and dehydrated slime are subjected to soil chemical treatment to form similar soil, the similar soil is sent to a mine pit goaf to be buried, and reclamation and greening are carried out.
The treatment of the alkali-control red mud and the dehydrated slime in soil is 25 percent by weight (dry weight): and (5) mixing the components in percentage by weight. The volume of the reclamation pit is 10000m3The amount of the similar soil (dry weight) to be treated by soil treatment is about 17900 tons. 4475 tons of alkali-controlled red mud (dry weight) is required or 5967 tons of alkali-controlled red mud with the water content of 30 percent is required according to the material balance calculation; 13425 tons of slime (dry weight) are needed, or 26850 tons of dehydrated slime with 50 percent of water content are needed.
After 25 days, 5967 tons of the aged alkali-control red mud (with the water content of 30%) are transported to a disposal station for converting the red mud into soil, which is near a backfilling reclamation site; and meanwhile, 26850 tons of dehydrated ore mud (with the water content of 50%) are transported to an ore mud and red mud soil treatment station near a backfilling reclamation site, and the dehydrated ore mud is crushed, wherein the crushed particle size is 100mm or less.
In a sludge red mud soil chemical treatment station, 25 percent of alkali-control red mud and crushed sludge are respectively treated by a feeder according to the weight percentage (dry weight): and (5) feeding 75% of the raw materials in a metering manner, and stirring the raw materials in a stirring tank through a conveyer belt for 10 min.
And (4) conveying the similar soil formed by the soil chemical treatment to a nearby goaf by a conveying vehicle for landfill reclamation. After the similar soil is dumped into the goaf, the forklift is pushed to be flat and compacted according to a layer of 1.5m until the buried layer reaches the elevation of the peripheral ground. And then, backfilling 0.65m of original stripped surface soil above the soil, leveling the soil, and loosening the surface reclaimed soil by using a mechanical tillage machine to form reclaimed land which is handed over to local villagers.
Example 2: construction of site for treating ore pit slime of bauxite ore area and red mud in Baise City in Guangxi province in soil-based manner and recovering green
(1) Controlling alkali in the red mud. The water content of the dehydrated red mud is 30 percent, and the pH value is 11.1. The alkali-controlling adding agent is measured according to the dry weight percentage of the red mud: 0.5 percent of anhydrous magnesium chloride, 0.30 percent of anhydrous ferric trichloride and 0.15 percent of gypsum.
The alkali control of the red mud is implemented in a red mud yard. Flatly flattening a block of 25 x 40m by a forklift2The field is used as a field for alkali-controlling mixing, stacking and aging of the red mud. The alkali control step of the red mud comprises the following steps: taking the load capacity of red mud yard transport vehicles as a basic measurement unit, namely 24m of each vehicle3Or about 43 tons of wet red mud (about 30 tons dry weight) as 1 mixing and stirring amount; secondly, breaking the blocky red mud in the unloaded wet red mud by using an excavator bucket, and flattening the blocky red mud according to the height of 1-2 m; thirdly, respectively and uniformly scattering 150 kilograms of anhydrous magnesium chloride, 90 kilograms of ferric trichloride and 45 kilograms of gypsum powder on the red mud by using an excavator, turning the pile by using the excavator for two times, and then intensively stacking all the alkali-controlling red mud after stirring and mixing in a stacking manner or in a conical body manner according to the pile height of 2-3 m; and fourthly, after aging for 12 days, turning over the pile for 2 times by using a forklift so as to fully disperse and uniformly mix the three medicaments in the red mud, and continuing piling and aging for 15 days in a pile type or cone type.
(2) After the alkali-control red mud is aged and stabilized, the alkali-control red mud and dehydrated slime are subjected to soil chemical treatment to form similar soil, the similar soil is sent to a mine pit goaf to be buried, and reclamation and greening are carried out.
The alkali-control red mud and dehydrated slime are subjected to soil treatment according to the weight percentage (dry weight) of 30%: and (4) mixing the components in percentage by weight of 70%. The volume of the reclamation pit is 8000m3The amount of the soil to be treated (dry weight) is 14400 tons. Calculated according to the material balance, 4320 tons of alkali-control red mud (dry weight) is needed, or 6171 tons of alkali-control red mud with the water content of 30 percent is needed; 100 tons of slime (dry weight) or 20160 tons of dewatered slime with 50% of water content are needed.
After 27 days, 6171 tons (with the water content of 30%) of the aged alkali-control red mud is transported to a disposal station for converting the red mud into soil, which is near a backfill reclamation site; and simultaneously transporting 20160 tons of dehydrated ore mud (with the water content of 50%) to an ore mud and red mud soil treatment station near a backfilled reclamation site, and crushing the dehydrated ore mud, wherein the crushed particle size is 100mm or less.
30 percent of alkali-control red mud and 30 percent of broken slime in percentage by weight (dry weight) are respectively treated by a feeder in a slime red mud soil treatment station: feeding 70% of the raw materials, and stirring in a stirring tank via a conveyer belt for 10 min.
And (4) conveying the similar soil formed by the soil chemical treatment to a nearby goaf by a conveying vehicle for landfill reclamation. After the similar soil is dumped into the goaf, the forklift is pushed to be flat and compacted according to 2.0m layers until the buried layer reaches 0.5m above the elevation of the peripheral ground, and the mechanical tillage machine is adopted to loosen the surface similar soil after the buried layer is flat, so that the similar soil is delivered to local villagers as a eucalyptus planting green-recovering field.
Claims (7)
1. A method for controlling alkali by using solid combined reagent red mud comprises the following specific steps:
(1) the raw materials are proportioned according to the following weight percentage (dry weight): 60-95% of mineral mud, 5-40% of red mud, and a plurality of red mud alkali-controlling agents, namely magnesium chloride, ferric trichloride and gypsum;
(2) firstly, the slime is coagulated and dehydrated to the water content of below 50 percent; dehydrating the red mud until the water content is 30% or below;
(3) mixing the red mud obtained in the step (2) with magnesium chloride, anhydrous ferric trichloride and gypsum powder; calculating the dry weight of the red mud according to the water content of the red mud; determining the adding amount of powder of magnesium chloride, ferric trichloride and gypsum according to the dry weight of the red mud and the pH value thereof, wherein the total adding amount (dry weight) of the magnesium chloride, the ferric trichloride and the gypsum accounts for 0.30-1.0% of the dry weight of the red mud (wherein, the magnesium chloride accounts for 35-55%, the anhydrous ferric trichloride accounts for 20-35% and the gypsum powder accounts for 10-25%); when the pH value of the red mud is 11 or above, adding the three combined medicaments according to 0.40-1.0% of the mass of the red mud, adding the three combined medicaments according to 0.35-0.85% of the red mud when the pH value is 10.5-11, adding the three combined medicaments according to 0.30-0.65% when the pH value is below 10.5, and weighing various medicaments according to the quantity (wherein the magnesium chloride and the ferric trichloride are weighed according to the weight of the anhydrous magnesium chloride and the anhydrous ferric trichloride, and if the magnesium chloride and the ferric trichloride contain water, the corresponding water content is correspondingly increased);
(4) the red mud alkali control is stirred and mixed by an excavator, or is mixed by stirring equipment (such as a horizontal stirring tank and a vertical stirrer); when the digger is adopted for mixing, large red mud needs to be beaten and smashed by a digging bucket, then the red mud is spread on a red mud yard or an aging yard according to the height of 1-2m, then the three metered medicaments are respectively and uniformly scattered on the red mud by the digger, then the three medicaments are respectively mixed and turned over for 1 time by the digger, and then the three medicaments are stacked in a high stacking manner of 2-3 m; when horizontal and vertical stirring equipment is adopted for mixing and stirring, the red mud is crushed to the particle size of 100mm or less, and then magnesium chloride, ferric trichloride and gypsum powder are respectively added according to the feeding mass of the red mud; the three medicaments are added in the order of magnesium chloride, ferric trichloride and gypsum powder;
(5) stacking the mixed material or the alkali-control red mud obtained in the step (4) for 10-15 days, then turning the pile for 2 times so as to fully disperse, uniformly mix, dissolve and react the three medicaments in the red mud, and continuously stacking for 10-15 days so as to further age, react and stabilize the alkali-control red mud;
(6) transporting the ore mud in the step (2) and the red mud in the step (5) to a pit needing to be backfilled and reclaimed or a mixing and stirring station in the process; the mixing and stirring facility can be a digging machine, and can also be equipment with stirring function, such as a horizontal shaftless stirrer, a stirring tank, a vertical stirring tank and the like; the ratio of the dehydrated slurry and the alkali-control red mud is 60 to 95 percent of the slurry in the step (2) and 5 to 40 percent of the alkali-control red mud in the step (5); before mixing the two materials, crushing the dehydrated slime to a particle size of 100mm or less; if the two materials are mixed by the excavator, the materials need to be repeatedly mixed and stacked for 3-5 times; if the sludge is a horizontal shaftless stirrer or stirring tools such as a stirring tank, a vertical stirring tank and the like, stirring is required for 5-10 min, and the dehydrated sludge and the alkali-control red mud are uniformly dispersed to become sludge and red mud soil treatment soil;
(7) conveying the uniformly mixed materials or soil treatment type soil in the step (6) to a pit needing to be buried and reclaimed, and then leveling and compacting the materials or the soil treatment type soil by a forklift in a layering manner (one layer is 1.5-2.0 m); if the local area lacks stripping surface soil, the soil treatment soil in the step (6) needs to be pushed flat and compacted to be 0.4-1.0 m above the ground elevation at the periphery of the pit (if the depth of the pit is less than 3m, the superelevation is preferably 0.4-0.5 m; the depth of the pit is more than 6m, the superelevation is preferably 1.0 m; the depth of the pit is 3-6 m; and the superelevation is preferably 0.5-1.0 m), humic acid fertilizer or organic fertilizer (1-2 tons per mu) is spread on the surface, mechanical tillage is carried out for 1 time, common re-greening plants (such as green manure plants such as sponish needles, milk vetches and the like) or sugar cane, pasture and the like are adopted for ecological re-greening, and then the soil is gradually transformed into cultivated land through 2-3 years soil improvement; if the land is reclaimed for cultivated land, the filling height of the soil treatment soil in the pit is equal to or more than the ground elevation around the pit: when the depth of the pit is lower than 3m, the landfill height is preferably the elevation of the ground around the pit; the depth of the pit exceeds more than 6m, and the filling height is preferably 0.5m higher than the ground at the periphery of the pit; the depth of the pit is 3 m-6 m, and the filling height is 0.2 m-0.5 m higher than the ground around the pit; then backfilling surface soil stripped from the original pit by 0.5m or more above the soil chemical treatment soil, compacting, leveling, and plowing and loosening the surface layer to serve as reclaimed land; and during agricultural cultivation, fertilization and agricultural management are carried out according to the types and types of crops to be planted.
2. The method as claimed in claim, wherein the red mud is waste residue from bauxite ore smelting of aluminum metal.
3. The process of claim wherein the slurry is a mixture of slurries produced by washing weathered bauxite ore.
4. The method of claim, wherein the ferric trichloride is commercially acceptable technical grade anhydrous ferric trichloride or hydrous ferric trichloride.
5. The method as claimed in claim, wherein the magnesium chloride is commercially available qualified technical grade anhydrous magnesium chloride, hydrous magnesium chloride.
6. The method of claim wherein said gypsum powder is commercially acceptable agricultural gypsum powder.
7. The method as claimed in claim, wherein the humic acid fertilizer and organic fertilizer are organic fertilizers or bio-organic fertilizers meeting the national quality standards of organic fertilizers.
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