WO2017152795A1 - Resource mine repairing method - Google Patents

Resource mine repairing method Download PDF

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WO2017152795A1
WO2017152795A1 PCT/CN2017/075107 CN2017075107W WO2017152795A1 WO 2017152795 A1 WO2017152795 A1 WO 2017152795A1 CN 2017075107 W CN2017075107 W CN 2017075107W WO 2017152795 A1 WO2017152795 A1 WO 2017152795A1
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tailings
resource
resources
land
area
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PCT/CN2017/075107
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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马跃
高树龙
李伟
张勇
王鞍山
路畅
韩洪鹏
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大连地拓重工有限公司
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Publication of WO2017152795A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017152795A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of environmental restoration, in particular to a resource mine repairing method.
  • the tailings pond, stripping area and dumping site formed during the mining development process cause great harm to the natural environment: 1 stockpiling and disposal of a large amount of waste rock, dumping and tailings produced after mining (usually open air Mining mining and stripping ratio is 5-10), which will occupy a large amount of land or forest land; 2 In mine production, oxidation and wind erosion cause the waste rock yard and tailings pond to form a periodic dust storm source, causing ambient air Serious impact; 3
  • the underground river tunnel excavation and the drainage of the mine bed can reduce the hydraulic impact radius of the pressure-reducing funnel sometimes up to tens of kilometers, causing regional hydrological environment damage, making the agriculture and animal husbandry water shortage and even affecting The surrounding residents' drinking water sources; 4 waste rock (dumping) and tailings after mining, if not properly treated, will become a source of pollution for underground and surface water environments; 5 people will be exploited to destroy ecosystems, water environment, and animals and plants.
  • the traditional mine repair modes include: strong engineering mode, strong ecological mode, strong biological mode, multi-composite mode, and ecological time-based governance mode.
  • the invention provides a resource mine repairing method, which solves the problem that the large-scale mineral resources in the tailings pond are not rationally utilized, resulting in waste of resources and harm to the ecological environment in the prior art.
  • a resource mine repair method includes the following steps:
  • the valuable elements in the step (1) include gold, iron, and copper.
  • the target product in the step (1) is applied to the ecological restoration in the step (3).
  • the target product in the step (1) includes a permeable paving material, a planting soil, a fertilizer, an autoclaved brick, a concrete block, a cement, a concrete, a glass ceramic, and a porous material.
  • planting soil and fertilizer are used for soil improvement;
  • the permeable paving material, autoclaved brick, concrete block, cement and concrete are used for land occupied by tailings pond, land occupied by stripping area/dumping site, Gob area/collapse area, slag wall construction of industrial site, slope reinforcement, road construction and mine park construction.
  • the detoxification treatment includes removal of heavy metal contamination and chemical contamination.
  • the invention realizes re-extraction of valuable elements in waste resources, realizes secondary utilization of tailings resources after re-extraction, eliminates heavy metal and chemical pollution, eliminates safety hazards caused by traditional reinforcement engineering, and reduces self-repair to soil. Secondary disasters, to maximize the value of land after restoration, to achieve mine-free, harmless, no hidden dangers and all-green repair effect, and low processing costs, good economic returns.
  • Figure 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
  • the resource mine repair method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
  • the target products are obtained after deep processing by harmless treatment, and the target products include Permeable paving materials, planting soil, fertilizer, autoclaved brick, concrete block, cement, concrete, glass-ceramic and porous materials; if not suitable for further processing, it is sent to the filling process after harmless treatment, filling to mining Empty area/collapsed area;
  • the previously mentioned decontamination treatment includes removal of heavy metal contamination and chemical contamination.
  • An abandoned gold mine including industrial sites, dumps, and tailings ponds, requires ecological restoration.
  • the gold content of the tailings resource of the tailings pond is 0.78g/t, and the valuable element can be extracted.
  • the gold content of the ore resource in the dumping site is 0.08g/t, and the extraction of valuable elements cannot be carried out.
  • tailings resources in the tailings pond are recovered through the water mining process, and then the valuable elements in the tailings resources are extracted by the spiral chute enrichment-fine grinding-flotation process to obtain gold concentrate with a gold grade of 25.03 g/t. ;
  • the abandoned mine covers a large area, with many residents and convenient transportation. There is a large reservoir 800 meters around the mine. The mine will be restored into a mine park. The mining park will be used as a tourist land in combination with the surrounding farmhouse and reservoir fishing projects.
  • the direction of deep processing is defined as building materials, such as aerated concrete blocks and concrete, which facilitates the recycling of mine park construction. Before the preparation of aerated concrete blocks, the heavy metal content of the tailings extracted with valuable elements was tested. The results of the test analysis are shown in Table 1.
  • the tailings extracted by valuable elements contain heavy metal pollution, and the main heavy metal pollution factors are Cu, Zn and Pb. Therefore, the tailings extracted by valuable elements need to be harmlessly treated.
  • microbial remediation techniques using 80's special microbial activators, through the use of biological aeration and mud reactors, utilizes the biological activity of microorganisms to affinity adsorb or convert to heavy metals, reducing the level of heavy metal contamination. After applying the microbial agent for 1 month, the contents of Cu, Zn and Pb all met the requirements for heavy metal content of building materials.
  • the weight percentage of each raw material is: gold tailings 70%, lime 20%, cement 8%, gypsum 2%, gold tailings, lime, cement and gypsum account for 100% of the weight percentage, select the gold tail Mineral, lime, cement, gypsum; according to the total weight of gold tailings, lime, cement and gypsum accounted for 0.07%, water to material ratio: 0.62, aluminum powder and water were selected for use.
  • Autoclaved curing The blank after the static stop curing is placed in an autoclave for autoclaving and curing, and the autoclave curing system is as follows: firstly, vacuuming at room temperature for 40 min, so that the pressure in the autoclave is 0 MPa; then at 1.5 In h, the temperature is raised to 190 °C for 8 h, and finally the temperature is lowered for 1.5 h, so that the pressure in the autoclave is reduced to 0 MPa, and the body of the autoclaved curing is taken out from the autoclave to obtain the gold tailings aerated concrete block.
  • the finished product of the gold tailings aerated concrete block is tested according to GB/T 11968-2006.
  • the average compressive strength is 2.5 MPa, which meets the strength requirement of A2.5.
  • An abandoned mine including goafs and tailings ponds, requires ecological restoration.
  • the gold grade of the tailings resource in the tailings pond is 0.6g/t, and the valuable element can be extracted.
  • tailings resources in the tailings pond are recovered by the water mining process to produce 25%-30% of the pulp, and then the valuable elements in the tailings resources are extracted and recovered by the spiral chute enrichment-fine grinding-leaching adsorption process.
  • the rate is 95.22%.
  • the cyanide-containing tailings extracted by the valuable elements are subjected to two stages of concentrated-calcium hypochlorite oxidation-paste filling process, which combines physical precipitation and dilution desorption technology, chemical oxidation technology and paste filling technology to cyanide-containing
  • the tailings are firstly treated harmlessly, and the tailings after the harmless treatment are prepared by a paste concentrator, the paste concentration is 70%, and then used for filling in the goaf after adding and processing. Includes the following steps:
  • the slurry is concentrated by two deep cones to obtain an underflow of 60% by mass.
  • the supernatant is reused, and the bottom stream is added with fresh water for secondary refining under stirring;
  • the slurry concentration is controlled at 42%, the pH value is 8-9, and the calcium hypochlorite 0.3kg/t is added under stirring, and the reaction is carried out for 30 minutes;
  • the oxidized pulp enters the paste concentrator and is concentrated to form a paste having a mass concentration of 70%, which is then used for filling in the goaf after being processed by adding ingredients.
  • the cyanide is less than 1.0 mg/L after being identified by cyanide leaching test, which belongs to general industrial waste.
  • An abandoned mine including goafs and dry heap molybdenum tailings ponds, requires ecological restoration.
  • the tailings resource in the dry heap molybdenum tailings pond has a K 2 O grade of 6.72% and a Na 2 O grade of 1.61%.
  • the potassium feldspar in the molybdenum tailings can be recovered, and the molybdenum tailings can also be directly used to prepare the mineral fertilizer.
  • the tailings resources of the molybdenum tailings are recovered by desilting-feldspar flotation-magnetic separation and fluorine-free process.
  • the feldspar concentrate has a K 2 O grade of 11.64% and a Na 2 O grade of 2.11%.
  • the recovery of K 2 O was 46.32%, and the recovery of Na 2 O was 41.01%.
  • Molybdenum tailings powder, iron tailings powder, phosphorus-containing siltstone powder and dolomite powder are uniformly mixed at a mass ratio of 3:5:2:1, humic acid and tap water are added, and the amount of humic acid added is molybdenum tailings powder. 0.5 times the total weight of iron tailings powder, phosphorus powder sandstone powder and dolomite powder, and the tap water is added 1.4 times the total weight of molybdenum tailings powder, iron tailings powder, phosphorus powder sandstone powder and dolomite powder. After mixing, it was placed in a rotary kiln and baked in a rotary kiln at a temperature of 200 ° C for 60 min to obtain a mixture.
  • the obtained mixture was granulated to obtain granules having a diameter of 3 mm, dried at 150 ° C, naturally cooled, and packaged to prepare a mineral fertilizer.
  • the prepared mineral fertilizer is used for soil improvement in the goaf, and can also be used for soil improvement in the ecological restoration process of other abandoned mines, such as the industrial site used in the first embodiment, the land occupied by the tailings pond and the land occupied by the dumping site. Soil improvement.

Abstract

Provided is a resource mine repairing method, comprising extracting valuable elements from a tailing resource in a tailing pond and/or a mineral resource in a rock stripping area/dumping site; deep-processing the tailing resource or filling the tailing resource into a goaf/subsidence area; subjecting the occupied land of the rock stripping area/dumping site and/or an industrial site to harmless processing; and performing ecological restoration on the occupied land of the rock stripping area/dumping site and/or the industrial site after the harmless processing and on the goaf/subsidence area after filling. The method achieves the maximization of the value of the repaired land and a tailing-free and harmless repairing effect of a mine.

Description

一种资源化矿山修复方法Resource mine repairing method 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及环境修复技术领域，具体是一种资源化矿山修复方法。The invention relates to the technical field of environmental restoration, in particular to a resource mine repairing method.
背景技术Background technique
矿业开发过程中形成的尾矿库、剥岩区、排土场等对自然环境造成极大的危害：①堆存和处置矿山开采后产出的大量废石、排土和尾砂(通常露天采矿采剥比为5～10)，将占用大量的土地或林地；②在矿山生产中，氧化、风蚀作用使废石堆场、尾矿库形成一个周期性的尘暴源，对周围环境空气造成严重影响；③地下开采矿山中井巷开掘、矿床排水疏干所形成的降压漏斗的水力影响半径有时可达数十公里之外，造成区域性的水文环境破坏，使农牧业缺水甚至影响周围居民饮用水源；④矿山开采后的废石(排土)、尾矿如不能妥善处理，将成为地下、地表水环境的污染源；⑤人为开采建设，破坏生态系统、水环境，使动植物失去了其适宜的生活、生长环境，致使某些物种在这一区域消失；⑥造成地面塌陷、地裂缝、滑坡、地面沉陷等地质灾害，引发山洪、泥石流等。The tailings pond, stripping area and dumping site formed during the mining development process cause great harm to the natural environment: 1 stockpiling and disposal of a large amount of waste rock, dumping and tailings produced after mining (usually open air Mining mining and stripping ratio is 5-10), which will occupy a large amount of land or forest land; 2 In mine production, oxidation and wind erosion cause the waste rock yard and tailings pond to form a periodic dust storm source, causing ambient air Serious impact; 3 The underground river tunnel excavation and the drainage of the mine bed can reduce the hydraulic impact radius of the pressure-reducing funnel sometimes up to tens of kilometers, causing regional hydrological environment damage, making the agriculture and animal husbandry water shortage and even affecting The surrounding residents' drinking water sources; 4 waste rock (dumping) and tailings after mining, if not properly treated, will become a source of pollution for underground and surface water environments; 5 people will be exploited to destroy ecosystems, water environment, and animals and plants. Losing its suitable living and growing environment, causing some species to disappear in this area; 6 causing geological disasters such as ground subsidence, ground fissures, landslides, ground subsidence, etc., causing flash floods and mud Stone flow and so on.
传统的矿山修复模式有：强工程模式、强生态模式、强生物模式、多元复合模式、生态时效治理模式。这些传统的矿山修复模式存在诸多问题：①尾矿库、剥岩区、排土场中含有大量有用矿物未被有效提取利用，造成大量资源浪费；②有毒有害元素依然存在，环境污染问题未被彻底解决；③传统闭库工程，废石堆加固工程有一定时效性，仍然存在安全隐患；④传统修复工程需要异地取土，进行客土种植，造成次生危害；⑤修复后土地使用方式较为单一，未最大化土地使用价值，在我国经济发展阶段，土地缺乏，增加土地使用方式，缓解土地缺乏压力，迫在眉睫。The traditional mine repair modes include: strong engineering mode, strong ecological mode, strong biological mode, multi-composite mode, and ecological time-based governance mode. There are many problems in these traditional mine repair modes: 1 A large amount of useful minerals in the tailings pond, stripping area and dumping site are not effectively extracted and utilized, resulting in a large amount of waste of resources; 2 toxic and harmful elements still exist, environmental pollution problems are not Completely solved; 3 traditional closed storage project, waste rock pile reinforcement project has a time-effect, there are still hidden dangers; 4 traditional restoration works need to borrow soil from different places, carry out local soil planting, causing secondary hazards; 5 land use after repair Single, not maximizing land use value, in the stage of China's economic development, lack of land, increasing land use patterns, and alleviating the lack of pressure on the land, is imminent.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明提出一种资源化矿山修复方法，解决了现有技术中闭库方法使尾矿库中的大量矿产资源没有得到合理利用，造成资源浪费；对生态环境造成危害的问题。The invention provides a resource mine repairing method, which solves the problem that the large-scale mineral resources in the tailings pond are not rationally utilized, resulting in waste of resources and harm to the ecological environment in the prior art.
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的：The technical solution of the present invention is implemented as follows:
一种资源化矿山修复方法，包括以下步骤：A resource mine repair method includes the following steps:
(1)对尾矿库中的尾矿资源和/或剥岩区/排土场的矿石资源进行检测及试验分析，如果尾矿资源和/或矿石资源中含有的有价元素有再提取价值，通过有价元素提取工序进行有价元素回收；(1) Detecting and testing the tailings resources in the tailings pond and/or the ore resources in the stripping area/discharge field, if the valuable elements contained in the tailings resources and/or ore resources have re-extracted value , the recovery of valuable elements by the valuable element extraction process;
对无再提取价值的尾矿资源和/或矿石资源、有价元素提取工序产生的尾矿进行检测及试验分析，如果适合深加工，则经无害化处理后进行深加工获得目标产品；如果不适合深加工，则经无害化处理后送入充填工序，充填至采空区/塌陷区；For tailings resources and/or ore resources without re-extraction value, and tailings produced by the extraction process of valuable elements, if it is suitable for deep processing, it will be further processed after harmless treatment to obtain the target product; if not suitable Deep processing, after innocuous treatment, is sent to the filling process and filled into the gob/collapse area;
(2)对剥岩区/排土场的占用土地和/或工业场地进行无害化处理；(2) Harmless treatment of occupied land and/or industrial sites in the stripping area/dumping site;
(3)对无害化处理后的剥岩区/排土场的占用土地和/或工业场地、充填后的采空区/塌陷区进行生态修复。(3) Ecological restoration of the occupied land and/or industrial site of the stripping area/dumping site after the harmless treatment, and the filled goaf/collapsed area after filling.
进一步地，所述步骤(1)中的有价元素包括金、铁和铜。 Further, the valuable elements in the step (1) include gold, iron, and copper.
进一步地，所述步骤(1)中的目标产品应用于步骤(3)中的生态修复。Further, the target product in the step (1) is applied to the ecological restoration in the step (3).
进一步地，所述步骤(1)中的目标产品包括透水铺装材料、种植土、肥料、蒸压砖、混凝土砌块、水泥、混凝土、微晶玻璃和多孔材料。Further, the target product in the step (1) includes a permeable paving material, a planting soil, a fertilizer, an autoclaved brick, a concrete block, a cement, a concrete, a glass ceramic, and a porous material.
进一步地，所述种植土和肥料用于土壤改良；所述透水铺装材料、蒸压砖、混凝土砌块、水泥和混凝土用于尾矿库占用土地、剥岩区/排土场占用土地、采空区/塌陷区、工业场地的挡渣墙建筑、坡面加固、道路修建及矿山公园建设。Further, the planting soil and fertilizer are used for soil improvement; the permeable paving material, autoclaved brick, concrete block, cement and concrete are used for land occupied by tailings pond, land occupied by stripping area/dumping site, Gob area/collapse area, slag wall construction of industrial site, slope reinforcement, road construction and mine park construction.
进一步地，所述无害化处理包括去除重金属污染和药剂污染。Further, the detoxification treatment includes removal of heavy metal contamination and chemical contamination.
本发明的有益效果为：The beneficial effects of the invention are:
本发明实现了废弃资源中有价元素再提取，实现了再提取后尾矿资源的二次利用，消除了重金属及药剂污染，消除了传统加固工程带来的安全隐患，自体修复减少对土壤的次生灾害，实现修复后土地价值最大化，实现矿山无尾化、无害化、无隐患及全绿色的修复效果，且处理成本低，经济效益好。The invention realizes re-extraction of valuable elements in waste resources, realizes secondary utilization of tailings resources after re-extraction, eliminates heavy metal and chemical pollution, eliminates safety hazards caused by traditional reinforcement engineering, and reduces self-repair to soil. Secondary disasters, to maximize the value of land after restoration, to achieve mine-free, harmless, no hidden dangers and all-green repair effect, and low processing costs, good economic returns.
附图说明DRAWINGS
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only It is a certain embodiment of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained from those skilled in the art without any creative work.
图1是本发明的工艺流程图。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts are within the scope of the present invention.
如图1所示，本发明中的资源化矿山修复方法，包括以下步骤：As shown in FIG. 1, the resource mine repair method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
(1)对尾矿库中的尾矿资源和/或剥岩区/排土场的矿石资源进行检测及试验分析，如果尾矿资源和/或矿石资源中含有的有价元素有再提取价值，通过有价元素提取工序进行有价元素回收，有价元素包括金、铁和铜等；(1) Detecting and testing the tailings resources in the tailings pond and/or the ore resources in the stripping area/discharge field, if the valuable elements contained in the tailings resources and/or ore resources have re-extracted value , through the valuable element extraction process for the recovery of valuable elements, including valuable elements such as gold, iron and copper;
对无再提取价值的尾矿资源和/或矿石资源、有价元素提取工序产生的尾矿进行检测及试验分析，如果适合深加工，则经无害化处理后进行深加工获得目标产品，目标产品包括透水铺装材料、种植土、肥料、蒸压砖、混凝土砌块、水泥、混凝土、微晶玻璃和多孔材料等；如果不适合深加工，则经无害化处理后送入充填工序，充填至采空区/塌陷区；For the tailings resources and/or ore resources without re-extraction value, and the tailings produced by the valuable element extraction process, if it is suitable for deep processing, the target products are obtained after deep processing by harmless treatment, and the target products include Permeable paving materials, planting soil, fertilizer, autoclaved brick, concrete block, cement, concrete, glass-ceramic and porous materials; if not suitable for further processing, it is sent to the filling process after harmless treatment, filling to mining Empty area/collapsed area;
(2)对剥岩区/排土场的占用土地和/或工业场地进行无害化处理；(2) Harmless treatment of occupied land and/or industrial sites in the stripping area/dumping site;
(3)对无害化处理后的剥岩区/排土场的占用土地和/或工业场地、充填后的采空区/塌陷区进行生态修复，步骤(1)中的目标产品应用于生态修复。所述种植土和肥料用于土壤改良；所述透水铺装材料、蒸压砖、混凝土砌块、水泥和混凝土用于尾矿库占用土地、剥岩区/排土场占用土地、采空区/塌陷区、工业场地的挡渣墙建筑、坡面加固、道路修建及矿山公园建设。 (3) Ecological restoration of the occupied land and/or industrial site of the stripping area/discharge yard after the harmless treatment, and the filled goaf/collapse area after the filling, and the target product in step (1) is applied to the ecology. repair. The planting soil and fertilizer are used for soil improvement; the permeable paving material, autoclaved brick, concrete block, cement and concrete are used for land occupied by tailings pond, land occupied by stripping area/dumping ground, gob area / Collapse area, industrial slag wall construction, slope reinforcement, road construction and mine park construction.
前面提到的无害化处理包括去除重金属污染和药剂污染。The previously mentioned decontamination treatment includes removal of heavy metal contamination and chemical contamination.
实施例1Example 1
某废弃金矿山包括工业场地、排土场、尾矿库需要进行生态修复。An abandoned gold mine, including industrial sites, dumps, and tailings ponds, requires ecological restoration.
(1)经化验分析可知，尾矿库的尾矿资源金含量0.78g/t，可进行有价元素提取，排土场矿石资源金含量0.08g/t，无法进行有价元素提取。(1) According to the analysis and analysis, the gold content of the tailings resource of the tailings pond is 0.78g/t, and the valuable element can be extracted. The gold content of the ore resource in the dumping site is 0.08g/t, and the extraction of valuable elements cannot be carried out.
(2)尾矿资源有价元素提取(2) Extraction of valuable elements from tailings resources
尾矿库中的尾矿资源通过水采工序回采，然后采用螺旋溜槽富集-细磨-浮选工艺对尾矿资源中的有价元素进行提取，获得金品位25.03g/t的金精矿；The tailings resources in the tailings pond are recovered through the water mining process, and then the valuable elements in the tailings resources are extracted by the spiral chute enrichment-fine grinding-flotation process to obtain gold concentrate with a gold grade of 25.03 g/t. ;
(2)该废弃矿山占地面积大，周围居民较多，交通方便，矿山周围800米有大型水库，将矿山修复成矿山公园，结合周边农家乐及水库钓鱼项目，将矿山公园做成旅游用地，深加工方向定为建材产品，如加气混凝土砌块和混凝土，便于矿山公园建设循环使用。在加气混凝土砌块制备之前，对有价元素提取后的尾矿进行重金属含量检测，化验分析结果见表1。(2) The abandoned mine covers a large area, with many residents and convenient transportation. There is a large reservoir 800 meters around the mine. The mine will be restored into a mine park. The mining park will be used as a tourist land in combination with the surrounding farmhouse and reservoir fishing projects. The direction of deep processing is defined as building materials, such as aerated concrete blocks and concrete, which facilitates the recycling of mine park construction. Before the preparation of aerated concrete blocks, the heavy metal content of the tailings extracted with valuable elements was tested. The results of the test analysis are shown in Table 1.
表1有价元素提取后的尾矿化验分析结果mg/kgTable 1 tailings analysis results after extraction of valuable elements mg/kg
Figure PCTCN2017075107-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2017075107-appb-000001
经化验结果分析可知，有价元素提取后的尾矿含有重金属污染，主要重金属污染因子是Cu、Zn、Pb，所以需要对有价元素提取后的尾矿进行无害化处理。According to the analysis of the test results, the tailings extracted by valuable elements contain heavy metal pollution, and the main heavy metal pollution factors are Cu, Zn and Pb. Therefore, the tailings extracted by valuable elements need to be harmlessly treated.
通过使用微生物修复技术，采用80’s special微生物活化剂，通过使用生物通气和泥浆反应器，利用微生物的生物活性对重金属亲和吸附或转化为低毒产物，降低了重金属污染程度。施用菌剂1个月后，Cu、Zn、Pb含量均达到了建材重金属含量要求标准。The use of microbial remediation techniques, using 80's special microbial activators, through the use of biological aeration and mud reactors, utilizes the biological activity of microorganisms to affinity adsorb or convert to heavy metals, reducing the level of heavy metal contamination. After applying the microbial agent for 1 month, the contents of Cu, Zn and Pb all met the requirements for heavy metal content of building materials.
(3)有价元素提取后的尾矿经无害化处理后制备加气混凝土砌块，包括以下步骤：(3) The aerated concrete block is prepared after the tailings extracted by the valuable element is harmlessly treated, including the following steps:
配料：各原料所占重量百分数为：金尾矿70％、石灰20％、水泥8％、石膏2％，金尾矿、石灰、水泥和石膏所占重量百分数之和为100％，选取金尾矿、石灰、水泥、石膏；按铝粉的加入量占金尾矿、石灰、水泥和石膏总重量的0.07％，水料比：0.62，选取铝粉和水，备用。Ingredients: The weight percentage of each raw material is: gold tailings 70%, lime 20%, cement 8%, gypsum 2%, gold tailings, lime, cement and gypsum account for 100% of the weight percentage, select the gold tail Mineral, lime, cement, gypsum; according to the total weight of gold tailings, lime, cement and gypsum accounted for 0.07%, water to material ratio: 0.62, aluminum powder and water were selected for use.
搅拌：按照水料比计量水重，分出其中的一部分水配制铝粉悬浮液，悬浮液浓度为5wt.％，将称量好的金尾矿、石灰、水泥和石膏加入剩余的水搅拌3min成为均匀的浆体，然后将悬浮液加入前述浆体中再搅拌5min，得到混合好的料浆。Stirring: According to the water-to-material ratio, the water weight is measured, and a part of the water is separated to prepare an aluminum powder suspension. The concentration of the suspension is 5wt.%, and the weighed gold tailings, lime, cement and gypsum are added to the remaining water and stirred for 3 minutes. A uniform slurry was obtained, and then the suspension was added to the slurry and stirred for 5 minutes to obtain a mixed slurry.
浇注与静停：将上述混合好的料浆放入模具进行浇注，然后在室温下静停养护2.5h，得到坯体。Pouring and static stop: The above mixed slurry was placed in a mold for pouring, and then kept at room temperature for 2.5 h to obtain a green body.
蒸压养护：将静停养护后的坯体放入蒸压釜内进行蒸压养护，蒸压养护制做为：首先在室温下抽真空40min，使蒸压釜内压力在0MPa；然后在1.5h内升温到190℃保温8h，最后降温降压1.5h，使得釜内压力降到0MPa，从釜内取出完成蒸压养护的坯体，即得到金尾矿加气混凝土砌块。Autoclaved curing: The blank after the static stop curing is placed in an autoclave for autoclaving and curing, and the autoclave curing system is as follows: firstly, vacuuming at room temperature for 40 min, so that the pressure in the autoclave is 0 MPa; then at 1.5 In h, the temperature is raised to 190 °C for 8 h, and finally the temperature is lowered for 1.5 h, so that the pressure in the autoclave is reduced to 0 MPa, and the body of the autoclaved curing is taken out from the autoclave to obtain the gold tailings aerated concrete block.
将所制的金尾矿加气混凝土砌块成品按照GB/T 11968-2006进行抗压强度测试，其抗压强度的平均值为2.5MPa，达到了A2.5的强度要求。 The finished product of the gold tailings aerated concrete block is tested according to GB/T 11968-2006. The average compressive strength is 2.5 MPa, which meets the strength requirement of A2.5.
(4)排土场矿石资源通过破碎工序，30％用于加气混凝土砌块的原料，70％用于混凝土制备；(4) The ore resources of the dumping site are passed through the crushing process, 30% is used for the raw materials of the aerated concrete block, and 70% is used for concrete preparation;
(5)对工业场地、尾矿库占用土地及排土场占用土地通过植物-微生物联合修复技术进行无害化处理，然后对无害化处理后的土地进行生态修复；(5) The industrial site, the land occupied by the tailings pond and the land occupied by the dumping site shall be harmlessly treated by the combined plant-microbial remediation technology, and then the ecologically restored land after the harmless treatment shall be carried out;
(6)深加工产品加气混凝土砌块及混凝土，用于生态修复过程中挡渣墙及道路修建，以及矿山公园的建设。(6) Deep-processed products, aerated concrete blocks and concrete, used for slag wall and road construction in the ecological restoration process, and construction of mine parks.
实施例2Example 2
某废弃矿山包括采空区和尾矿库，需要进行生态修复。An abandoned mine, including goafs and tailings ponds, requires ecological restoration.
(1)经化验分析可知，尾矿库中尾矿资源金品位0.6g/t，可进行有价元素提取。(1) According to the analysis of the test, the gold grade of the tailings resource in the tailings pond is 0.6g/t, and the valuable element can be extracted.
(2)尾矿资源有价元素提取(2) Extraction of valuable elements from tailings resources
尾矿库中的尾矿资源通过水采工序回采，制成25％～30％的矿浆，然后采用螺旋溜槽富集-细磨-浸出吸附工艺对尾矿资源中的有价元素进行提取，回收率95.22％。The tailings resources in the tailings pond are recovered by the water mining process to produce 25%-30% of the pulp, and then the valuable elements in the tailings resources are extracted and recovered by the spiral chute enrichment-fine grinding-leaching adsorption process. The rate is 95.22%.
(3)有价元素提取后的尾矿经化验分析可知，尾矿中重金属含量符合标准，但由于有价元素提取过程中使用了氰化物，所以氰化物含量为235.18mg/L，严重超标。所以需要对有价元素提取后的尾矿进行无害化处理。结合矿山生态修复的整体需求，决定将有价元素提取后的尾矿经无害化处理后充填至采空区。(3) After analysis of the tailings extracted by valuable elements, it is known that the heavy metal content in the tailings meets the standard, but since cyanide is used in the extraction process of valuable elements, the cyanide content is 235.18 mg/L, which is seriously exceeded. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out harmless treatment of the tailings after the extraction of valuable elements. Combined with the overall needs of mine ecological restoration, it was decided to fill the tailings after the extraction of valuable elements into the goaf through harmless treatment.
(4)无害化处理及充填采空区(4) Harmless treatment and filling of gobs
有价元素提取后的含氰尾矿通过两段浓缩-次氯酸钙氧化-膏体充填工艺，既物理沉降及稀释解吸技术、化学氧化技术及膏体充填技术相结合的方法，对含氰尾矿首先进行无害化处理，无害化处理后的尾矿通过膏体浓缩机制备膏体，膏体浓度70％，再经过加配料加工后用于采空区充填。包括以下步骤：The cyanide-containing tailings extracted by the valuable elements are subjected to two stages of concentrated-calcium hypochlorite oxidation-paste filling process, which combines physical precipitation and dilution desorption technology, chemical oxidation technology and paste filling technology to cyanide-containing The tailings are firstly treated harmlessly, and the tailings after the harmless treatment are prepared by a paste concentrator, the paste concentration is 70%, and then used for filling in the goaf after adding and processing. Includes the following steps:
尾矿矿浆经过一段深锥浓缩后，得到质量百分数55％的底流，上清液回用，底流在搅拌状态下加新水进行调浆；After the tailings slurry is concentrated by a deep cone, an underflow of 55% by mass is obtained, and the supernatant is reused, and the bottom stream is added with fresh water for stirring under stirring;
调浆后的矿浆经过二段深锥浓缩后，得到质量百分数60％的底流，上清液回用，底流在搅拌状态下加新水进行二次调浆；After the slurry is adjusted, the slurry is concentrated by two deep cones to obtain an underflow of 60% by mass. The supernatant is reused, and the bottom stream is added with fresh water for secondary refining under stirring;
二次调浆后矿浆浓度控制在42％，pH值8～9范围内，在搅拌状态下加入次氯酸钙0.3kg/t，反应30min；After the second slurry adjustment, the slurry concentration is controlled at 42%, the pH value is 8-9, and the calcium hypochlorite 0.3kg/t is added under stirring, and the reaction is carried out for 30 minutes;
氧化处理后的矿浆进入膏体浓缩机进行浓缩，制成质量浓度70％的膏体，再经过加配料加工后用于采空区充填。The oxidized pulp enters the paste concentrator and is concentrated to form a paste having a mass concentration of 70%, which is then used for filling in the goaf after being processed by adding ingredients.
无害化处理后的膏体，经氰化物浸出试验鉴别后，氰化物小于1.0mg/L，属于一般工业废弃物。After the harmless treatment, the cyanide is less than 1.0 mg/L after being identified by cyanide leaching test, which belongs to general industrial waste.
(5)对填充后的采空区、尾矿库占用土地进行修整、加固，并进行人工植被恢复。(5) Trimming and strengthening the occupied land in the goaf and tailings pond, and recovering the artificial vegetation.
实施例3Example 3
某废弃矿山包括采空区和干堆钼尾矿库，需要进行生态修复。An abandoned mine, including goafs and dry heap molybdenum tailings ponds, requires ecological restoration.
(1)经化验分析可知，干堆钼尾矿库中的尾矿资源K2O品位6.72％，Na2O品位为1.61％。可以对钼尾矿中钾长石进行回收，另外也可以将钼尾矿直接用于制备矿物肥料。根据经济分析及后期充填需求，确定将80％的钼尾矿用于有价元素提取，20％钼尾矿用于制备矿物肥料。(1) According to the analysis and analysis, the tailings resource in the dry heap molybdenum tailings pond has a K 2 O grade of 6.72% and a Na 2 O grade of 1.61%. The potassium feldspar in the molybdenum tailings can be recovered, and the molybdenum tailings can also be directly used to prepare the mineral fertilizer. According to economic analysis and post-filling requirements, it is determined that 80% of the molybdenum tailings are used for the extraction of valuable elements, and 20% of the molybdenum tailings is used for the preparation of mineral fertilizers.
(2)有价元素提取 (2) Valuable element extraction
钼尾矿的尾矿资源采用脱泥-长石浮选-磁选除杂无氟工艺回收长石。长石精矿中K2O品位11.64％，Na2O品位为2.11％。K2O回收率为46.32％，Na2O回收率为41.01％。The tailings resources of the molybdenum tailings are recovered by desilting-feldspar flotation-magnetic separation and fluorine-free process. The feldspar concentrate has a K 2 O grade of 11.64% and a Na 2 O grade of 2.11%. The recovery of K 2 O was 46.32%, and the recovery of Na 2 O was 41.01%.
(3)有价元素提取后的尾矿经化验分析可知，重金属元素及药剂污染符合规定，不需无害化处理。(3) After the analysis of the tailings extracted by the valuable elements, it is known that the heavy metal elements and the chemical pollution meet the requirements, and no harmless treatment is required.
(4)有价元素提取后的尾矿浆送到膏体浓缩机浓缩，制成浓度68％膏体，再经过加配料加工后用于采空区充填。(4) The tailings slurry after the extraction of the valuable elements is sent to a paste concentrator for concentration to prepare a paste with a concentration of 68%, which is then used for filling in the goaf after adding the ingredients.
(5)钼尾矿制备矿物肥料(5) Preparation of mineral fertilizer from molybdenum tailings
钼尾矿粉、铁尾矿粉、含磷粉砂岩粉和白云岩粉按质量比为3∶5∶2∶1混合均匀，加入腐殖酸和自来水，腐殖酸加入量是钼尾矿粉、铁尾矿粉、含磷粉砂岩粉和白云岩粉总重量的0.5倍，自来水的加入量是钼尾矿粉、铁尾矿粉、含磷粉砂岩粉和白云岩粉总重量的1.4倍，混合均匀后置于回转炉中，在200℃温度下经回转炉烘烤60min，得到混合物。Molybdenum tailings powder, iron tailings powder, phosphorus-containing siltstone powder and dolomite powder are uniformly mixed at a mass ratio of 3:5:2:1, humic acid and tap water are added, and the amount of humic acid added is molybdenum tailings powder. 0.5 times the total weight of iron tailings powder, phosphorus powder sandstone powder and dolomite powder, and the tap water is added 1.4 times the total weight of molybdenum tailings powder, iron tailings powder, phosphorus powder sandstone powder and dolomite powder. After mixing, it was placed in a rotary kiln and baked in a rotary kiln at a temperature of 200 ° C for 60 min to obtain a mixture.
将得到的混合物制粒，得到直径3mm的颗粒，在150℃烘干、自然冷却、包装制成矿物肥料。The obtained mixture was granulated to obtain granules having a diameter of 3 mm, dried at 150 ° C, naturally cooled, and packaged to prepare a mineral fertilizer.
将制成的矿物肥料用于采空区的土壤改良，也可用于其他废弃矿山生态修复过程中的土壤改良，比如应用于实施例1的工业场地、尾矿库占用土地及排土场占用土地的土壤改良。The prepared mineral fertilizer is used for soil improvement in the goaf, and can also be used for soil improvement in the ecological restoration process of other abandoned mines, such as the industrial site used in the first embodiment, the land occupied by the tailings pond and the land occupied by the dumping site. Soil improvement.
(6)对干堆钼尾矿库占用土地进行整平，并修复成商业用地。(6) Leveling the land occupied by the dry heap molybdenum tailings pond and repairing it into commercial land.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。 The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., which are included in the spirit and scope of the present invention, should be included in the present invention. Within the scope of protection.

Claims (6)

  1. 一种资源化矿山修复方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：A resource mine repairing method, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
    (1)对尾矿库中的尾矿资源和/或剥岩区/排土场的矿石资源进行检测及试验分析，如果尾矿资源和/或矿石资源中含有的有价元素有再提取价值，通过有价元素提取工序进行有价元素回收；(1) Detecting and testing the tailings resources in the tailings pond and/or the ore resources in the stripping area/discharge field, if the valuable elements contained in the tailings resources and/or ore resources have re-extracted value , the recovery of valuable elements by the valuable element extraction process;
    对无再提取价值的尾矿资源和/或矿石资源、有价元素提取工序产生的尾矿进行检测及试验分析，如果适合深加工，则经无害化处理后进行深加工获得目标产品；如果不适合深加工，则经无害化处理后送入充填工序，充填至采空区/塌陷区；For tailings resources and/or ore resources without re-extraction value, and tailings produced by the extraction process of valuable elements, if it is suitable for deep processing, it will be further processed after harmless treatment to obtain the target product; if not suitable Deep processing, after innocuous treatment, is sent to the filling process and filled into the gob/collapse area;
    (2)对剥岩区/排土场的占用土地和/或工业场地进行无害化处理；(2) Harmless treatment of occupied land and/or industrial sites in the stripping area/dumping site;
    (3)对无害化处理后的剥岩区/排土场的占用土地和/或工业场地、充填后的采空区/塌陷区进行生态修复。(3) Ecological restoration of the occupied land and/or industrial site of the stripping area/dumping site after the harmless treatment, and the filled goaf/collapsed area after filling.
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种资源化矿山修复方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(1)中的有价元素包括金、铁和铜。A resource mine repairing method according to claim 1, wherein the valuable elements in the step (1) comprise gold, iron and copper.
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种资源化矿山修复方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(1)中的目标产品应用于步骤(3)中的生态修复。A resource mine repairing method according to claim 1, wherein the target product in the step (1) is applied to the ecological restoration in the step (3).
  4. 如权利要求3所述的一种资源化矿山修复方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(1)中的目标产品包括透水铺装材料、种植土、肥料、蒸压砖、混凝土砌块、水泥、混凝土、微晶玻璃和多孔材料。The resource mine repairing method according to claim 3, wherein the target product in the step (1) comprises a permeable paving material, a planting soil, a fertilizer, an autoclaved brick, a concrete block, a cement, Concrete, glass-ceramics and porous materials.
  5. 如权利要求4所述的一种资源化矿山修复方法，其特征在于，所述种植土和肥料用于土壤改良；所述透水铺装材料、蒸压砖、混凝土砌块、水泥和混凝土用于尾矿库占用土地、剥岩区/排土场占用土地、采空区/塌陷区、工业场地的挡渣墙建筑、坡面加固、道路修建及矿山公园建设。A resource mine repairing method according to claim 4, wherein said planting soil and fertilizer are used for soil improvement; said permeable paving material, autoclaved brick, concrete block, cement and concrete are used for The tailings pond occupies land, the stripping area/dumping land, the goaf/collapse area, the slag wall construction of the industrial site, the slope reinforcement, the road construction and the construction of the mine park.
  6. 如权利要求1所述的一种资源化矿山修复方法，其特征在于，所述无害化处理包括去除重金属污染和药剂污染。 A resource mine repairing method according to claim 1, wherein said detoxification treatment comprises removing heavy metal pollution and chemical contamination.
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