CN114733897A - In-situ catalytic oxidation inactivation method for iron-sulfur oxidation acid-producing bacteria in extremely-acidified pyrite mountain soil - Google Patents
In-situ catalytic oxidation inactivation method for iron-sulfur oxidation acid-producing bacteria in extremely-acidified pyrite mountain soil Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention particularly relates to an in-situ catalytic oxidation inactivation method for iron-sulfur oxidation acid-producing bacteria in extremely-acidified pyrite mountain soil, which comprises the steps of carrying out surface finishing on the extremely-acidified pyrite mine soil, compounding an oxidation medicament, applying the compounded oxidation medicament into the soil with the depth of 0-0.5 m of the finished mine soil, turning and mixing, spraying water, maintaining for 3-7 days, and then covering lime to adjust the pH value of a surface layer. The present invention utilizes the naturally occurring H in very acidic pyrite mountains+And Fe2+Catalyzing hypochlorite to generate strong oxidation, inactivating iron-sulfur oxidation acid-producing microorganisms so as to inhibit soil acidification, and forming a covering layer on the lower soil to protect the lower soil from oxidation acidification. The method disclosed by the invention is simple to operate, the hypochlorite demand is greatly reduced under the in-situ catalysis effect, the lime consumption is greatly reduced compared with a simple lime covering technology, the soil hardening problem is avoided, the investment cost is low, the acidification inhibition effect is good, the acid return is not easy to occur, and the method can be used as a pretreatment step for ecological restoration of the extremely-acidified pyrite mine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mine ecological restoration, and particularly relates to an in-situ catalytic oxidation inactivation method for iron-sulfur oxidation acid-producing bacteria in extremely-acidified pyrite mountain soil.
Background
Acidification of mining waste is a serious and increasingly important environmental problem in china and even the world. Most non-ferrous metal ores exist as various types of metal sulfides, such as yellow ironMine (FeS)2) Chalcopyrite (CuFeS)2) Zinc blende (ZnS), galena (PbS), arsenopyrite (FeAsS), and the like. Sulfides and the like in the bare Mine are oxidized and acidified under the action of air, water and microorganisms to form high-acidity (pH: 2.5-6) leachate containing a large amount of sulfate (1000-130000 mg/L) and heavy metal ions (200-2000 mg/L), namely Acid Mine Drainage (AMD). Once AMD is generated, the process control difficulty is high, and the treatment cost is high; potential corrosivity exists on urban drainage pipelines; after entering the natural environment, the carbon cycle balance of the nature is destroyed, and the surrounding water body, soil, a sedimentation system and an ecological system are seriously damaged.
The main source of AMD is the oxidation of sulphide minerals, particularly pyrite mines. Pyrite (FeS)2) Is one of the major minerals responsible for the production of AMD. The production of AMD is a combination of physicochemical and biological processes. When the pyrite is exposed, primary chemical oxidation (1) occurs under the combined action of oxygen and water; with Fe2+Quilt O2Further oxidized to Fe3+(2) Production of Fe3 +The speed of the oxidized pyrite is 18-170 times (3) the speed of the molecular oxygen. Even so, the chemical oxidation process is still very slow.
FeS2+7/2O2+H2O→Fe2++2SO4 2-+2H+ (1)
Fe2++1/4O2+H+→Fe3++1/2H2O (2)
FeS2+14Fe3++8H2O→15Fe2++2SO4 2-+16H+ (3)
Geochemical research proves that the oxidation process of pyrite in nature is a slow chemical process and a rapid microbial catalytic process. Under the catalytic action of microorganisms, Fe2+Is rapidly oxidized into Fe3+The oxidation rate of the pyrite is improved by 5 orders of magnitude. Thus, FeS2The acidification process of (a) is an indirect oxidation process mainly catalyzed by microorganisms, and the reaction rate is extremely fast. In addition to thisThe oxidation of sulfur element in pyrite also mainly depends on biological action, the non-biological oxidation of elemental sulfur in an acid environment is inert, and microorganisms can directly utilize reduced sulfur in mines as an electron donor to grow so as to generate sulfuric acid and further acidify the mine environment. Research proves that the abundance of the iron-sulfur oxidation acid-producing microorganisms reaches 80-95% when the pH value is 2-3, and the iron-sulfur oxidation acid-producing microorganisms are the absolute dominant species in the environment. Therefore, the microorganism plays a vital role in the oxidation and acidification processes of the pyrite and also becomes a key obstacle in the ecological restoration of the extremely acidic pyrite.
The mechanism of action of microorganisms with pyrite can be divided into "contact" and "non-contact" mechanisms. The 'contact mechanism' means that the microorganism directly adsorbs the pilus or secretion on the surface of the microorganism to the surface of the mineral, and the metal sulfide crystal lattice is directly oxidized and dissolved into metal ions and SO by virtue of an enzyme system4 2-. The process does not need to rely on and rely on Fe at all3+The mineral can be directly oxidized by the action of the catalyst; the 'non-contact mechanism' is realized by Fe in a free microorganism catalytic system2+Fast oxidation to Fe3+Without direct contact with the pyrite. Generally, these two mechanisms coexist in the oxidation process of pyrite.
As AMD has strong pollution to the surrounding ecological environment, the effective control of the acidification of pyrite waste is a worldwide problem. The method mainly comprises a physical isolation method and an alkaline neutralization method. The physical isolation method is to cover one or several layers of inert materials on the surface of acid soil to form low permeability sealing layer, water isolating layer, erosion preventing layer and other isolating layers.
At present, the patent aiming at the soil remediation of the extremely acidified mine waste land mainly adopts an alkaline neutralization method as an early stage method of ecological reconstruction, for example, Chinese patent document (publication number: CN110860554A) applies a microbial agent to the lower layer of the acidified soil, a layer of lime and fresh farmyard manure are paved on the surface layer of the acidified soil, and plants with sufficient density are planted in a balanced manner for 1-6 months. However, this method can precipitate only Fe by raising the pH3+Thereby suppressing partial swimmingThe acid-producing microorganism is oxidized from iron and sulfur, and has no obvious effect on the attached microorganism; in order to control the acid reversal, lime must be applied to the acidified soil for a plurality of times, and the long-term lime application not only increases the cost of manpower and material resources, but also causes the problems of soil hardening, accelerating the leaching loss of magnesium and potassium in the soil, causing the imbalance of soil nutrients and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provide an in-situ catalytic oxidation inactivation method for iron-sulfur oxidation acid-producing bacteria in extremely-acidified pyrite mountain soil, which can be used as a pretreatment step for ecological restoration of an extremely-acidic pyrite mine, avoid the acid reaction phenomenon generated by the action of microorganisms in the subsequent ecological restoration process, further improve the efficiency of mine restoration and save the cost.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an in-situ catalytic oxidation inactivation method for iron-sulfur oxidation acid-producing bacteria in extremely-acidified pyrite mountain soil comprises the steps of carrying out surface finishing on the extremely-acidified pyrite mine soil, compounding an oxidation agent, applying the compounded oxidation agent to the soil with the depth of 0-0.5 m of the finished mine soil, turning and mixing, spraying water, maintaining for 3-7 days, and then covering lime to adjust the pH value of a surface layer.
Wherein the oxidation medicament is formed by mixing 5-10 parts by weight of hypochlorite solid and 5 parts by weight of stabilizer.
Preferably, the hypochlorite solids comprise sodium hypochlorite or calcium hypochlorite solids or combinations thereof, and the stabilizer is one or more mixtures of amino acid salts, polyphosphate, sodium silicate, talc solids.
Preferably, the amount of the oxidizing agent applied to the mine soil after finishing is 0.005 to 0.05% of the dry basis weight of the mine soil with a surface layer of 0 to 0.5 m.
Preferably, the total amount of water sprayed into the trimmed mine soil is 20-30% of the dry basis weight of the mine soil.
Preferably, the curing process turns over the soil with the thickness of 0-0.5 m on the surface layer of the mine once a day, so that the porosity of the turned mixed soil is 40-50%.
Preferably, lime with the thickness of 1-2 cm is covered on the surface of the extremely acidified pyrite mountain soil after the maintenance is finished, and the pH value of the surface soil is adjusted to 5-8, particularly preferably 6.5-8
Preferably, the extremely acidified pyrite mine is a pyrite mine with soil pH of 1.5-3.0 and contains a composite mineral containing multiple components of phosphorus, sulfur, copper, lead, manganese and zinc.
Preferably, the content of iron-sulfur oxidizing acid-producing bacteria in the extremely-acidified pyrite mountain soil is 5 x 103～1×109Per g of dry basis.
Preferably, the organic matter content of the extremely acidified iron sulfide mine soil is not higher than 5% of dry basis, and Fe2+The concentration is 100-500 mg/kg.
Preferably, the surface finishing of the extremely acidified pyrite mine soil comprises removing stones, filling mining pits, loosening the soil surface with the depth of 40-60 cm and correcting the porosity of the soil to be 40-50%.
The hypochlorite oxidant selected by the invention has higher adaptability to extremely acidified mine soil environment. HOCl can be promoted at low pH (1.5-3.0), and a small amount of Fe in pyrite2+As a natural catalyst for HOCl, fenton-like reactions occur to generate active oxygen species, Fe2+Reaction rate ratio with HOCl Fe2+And H2O23 orders of magnitude greater; no additional catalyst is needed.
The laboratory simulated FeS at an initial pH of 2.352Oxidation under a. ferrooxidans (thiobacillus ferrooxidans, one of the most common extreme acidophilic microorganisms in extremely acidic pyrite) as a control; the extremely acidic pyrite ecological restoration pretreatment agent is added to serve as an experimental group. Experimental groups: the initial pH was 2.35, the pH after 45d culture was 2.32; in contrast, in the control group, the pH dropped to 1.82 after 45d incubation.
Laboratory results suggest that 1) microorganisms are the most major factor in the continued acidification of pyrite; 2) the compound oxidizing agent can inactivate free and attached iron-sulfur oxidizing acid-producing microorganisms, and greatly reduce the possibility of continuous acidification of extremely acidic pyrite, thereby avoiding the problem of acid reversion after lime application.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the growth characteristics of the iron-sulfur oxidizing microorganisms in the extremely acidified iron-sulfur mine soil, the free and attached iron-sulfur oxidizing microorganisms are subjected to in-situ catalytic oxidation by hypochlorite, so that the problem that acid is easily reversed by an alkaline lime neutralization method is solved. Through detection, after the acid mine lead agent is added, the free and attached iron-sulfur oxidizing microorganisms are reduced by over 99.9 percent.
(2) According to the invention, the stabilizing agent comprising the main components of amino acid salt, polyphosphate, sodium silicate, talcum powder and the like is added, so that the stability of the pretreatment agent is improved, HOCl decomposition under the conditions of stirring, spraying, temperature rise, direct sunlight and the like is avoided, the effect of the pretreatment agent is ensured, and the safety of constructors is ensured.
(3) The method is simple, has good in-situ catalytic oxidation effect, and is particularly suitable for extremely-acidified pyrite (pH is 1.5-3.5); the cost is low, no catalyst is required to be added except for basic oxidizing agent and stabilizer, and the cost input and the environmental pressure caused by additional metal ions are avoided.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto in any way.
Example 1
The site of implementation is located in a pyrite acidification tailings pond, which is a typical pyrite (FeS)2) The experimental site was selected as 1 100m × 50m area, and the 1 m × 50m area adjacent to the experimental site was selected as a control. The original condition of the soil in the area is quite poor, the pH value of tailings is as low as 2.52 +/-0.45, the soil acidification degree is quite serious, and no plant grows in the area. The following method steps are adopted to treat the area:
(1) and (4) performing surface finishing on the extremely-acidified mine soil, removing stones, and filling the mining pit.
(2) The soil surface loosening depth of the test field is 0.5m, and the water adding amount of the acidified tailing pond of the batch is 2500m according to the calculation of the water content required by the repair process3(ii) a 5.0 tons of sodium hypochlorite solid (industrial grade, the content of effective substances is 25 to 35 percent) and 2.5 tons of amino acid salt are mixed to obtain the compound oxidizing agent. Mixing the agent with the mine soil being turned over, and spraying 2500m to the area3And (3) water. And (5) covering 1.5cm of lime on the surface layer of the soil after curing for 5 days (turning and mixing every day to ensure that the porosity of the soil is 40-50%), and adjusting the pH value of the surface soil to 7.02. Before the compound preparation is applied, after 5d of maintenance and half a year of lime covering (covering rainy season), sampling and detecting the pH and the number of iron-sulfur acid-producing microorganisms. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of indexes of control group and experimental group of acidified pyrite mine soil
As shown in table 1, after the compound oxidizing agent is applied for 5 days, the inactivation efficiency of the iron-sulfur oxidation acid-producing microorganisms is as high as 99.98%, and simultaneously, the pH value of the sodium hypochlorite is alkaline, so that the pH value of the soil in the extremely acidified pyrite region is increased to 3.02 after the sodium hypochlorite is prepared into the oxidizing agent; the pH and the iron-sulfur oxidative acid-producing microorganisms of the control group do not change obviously in the period. After covering the two experimental areas with lime for half a year, it should be noted that the control group had a pH value of 7.02 to 3.65 and the pH value of the acidogenic microorganisms for iron and sulfur oxidation was still 4.5X 105Obvious acid reaction phenomenon occurs; the pH value of the experimental group is stabilized at 6.98, and the microorganism for generating acid by oxidizing iron and sulfur is 1.5 multiplied by 102. The experimental group stopped continuing acidification and no acid reversal occurred.
Example 2
The implementation site is located in a compound iron ore acidification tailings pond, and the tailings pond contains a part of chalcopyrite and lead-zinc ore besides a large amount of magnetite. 1 80m × 50m area was selected as an experimental site, and 1 80m × 50m area adjacent to the experimental site was selected as a control. The original condition of the soil in the area is quite poor, the pH value of tailings is as low as 3.02 +/-0.56, the soil acidification degree is severe, and no plant grows in the area. The following method steps are adopted to treat the area:
(1) and (5) performing surface finishing on the extremely-acidified mine soil, removing stones, and filling the mining pit.
(2) The soil surface loosening depth of the test field is 0.5m, and the water adding amount of the acidified tailing pond of the batch is 2000m according to the calculation of the water content required by the repair process3(ii) a 4.0 tons of calcium hypochlorite solid (industrial grade, the content of available chlorine is 30-38%) and 2.0 tons of amino acid salt are mixed to obtain the compound oxidizing agent. Mixing the agent with the mine soil being turned over and spraying 2000m to the area3And (3) water. And (5) after curing for 5 days (turning and mixing every day to ensure that the porosity of the soil is 40-50%), covering 1.5cm of lime on the surface layer of the soil, and adjusting the pH value of the surface layer soil to 7.82. Before the compound preparation is applied, after 5d of maintenance and half a year of lime covering (covering rainy season), sampling and detecting the pH and the number of iron-sulfur acid-producing microorganisms. The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 comparison of indexes of control group and experimental group of polar acidified pyrite mountain soil
As shown in table 2, after the compound oxidizing agent is applied for 5 days, the inactivation efficiency of the iron-sulfur oxidation acid-producing microorganisms is as high as 99.98%, and simultaneously, since the pH of sodium hypochlorite is alkaline, the pH of the soil in the extremely acidified pyrite area is increased to 3.58 after the compound oxidizing agent is prepared; the pH and the acid-producing microorganisms by iron-sulfur oxidation did not change significantly during the period of the control group. After covering the two experimental areas with lime for half a year, it should be noted that the rainy season is covered in the period, the pH of the control group is reduced from 7.82 to 3.96, and the pH of the acid-producing microorganisms by oxidizing iron and sulfur is still 4.1 × 105Obvious acid reaction phenomenon occurs; the pH value of the experimental group is stabilized at 7.66, and the acid-producing microorganism of iron-sulfur oxidation is 3.6 multiplied by 102. The experimental group stopped continuing acidification and no acid reversal occurred.
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An in-situ catalytic oxidation inactivation method for iron-sulfur oxidation acid-producing bacteria in extremely acidified pyrite mountain soil is characterized in that the extremely acidified pyrite mine soil is subjected to surface finishing, an oxidation agent is compounded, the compounded oxidation agent is applied to the soil with the depth of 0-0.5 m of the finished mine soil, turning and mixing are performed, water is sprayed, maintenance is performed for 3-7 days, and then lime is covered to adjust the pH value of a surface layer;
wherein the oxidation medicament is prepared by mixing 5-10 parts by weight of hypochlorite solid and 5 parts by weight of stabilizer.
2. The method for in-situ catalytic oxidative inactivation of iron-sulfur oxidizing acid-producing bacteria in extremely acidified pyrite mountain soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein said hypochlorite solids comprise sodium hypochlorite or calcium hypochlorite solids or a combination thereof, and said stabilizer is one or more mixtures of amino acid salts, polyphosphate, sodium silicate, talc solids.
3. The in-situ catalytic oxidation inactivation method for the acid-producing bacteria for oxidizing iron and sulfur in the extremely-acidified pyrite mountain soil according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the oxidant applied to the trimmed mine soil is 0.005-0.05% of the dry basis weight of the mine soil with the surface layer of 0-0.5 m.
4. The in-situ catalytic oxidation inactivation method for the acid-producing bacteria for oxidizing iron and sulfur in the extremely-acidified pyrite mountain soil according to claim 1, characterized in that the total amount of water sprayed into the trimmed mine soil is 20-30% of the dry basis weight of the mine soil.
5. The in-situ catalytic oxidation inactivation method for the acid-producing bacteria for oxidizing iron and sulfur in the extremely-acidified pyrite mountain soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the maintenance process is performed once per day on the soil with the thickness of 0-0.5 m on the surface layer of the mine, so that the porosity of the mixed soil after pile-turning is 40-50%.
6. The in-situ catalytic oxidation inactivation method for the acid-producing bacteria capable of oxidizing iron and sulfur in the extremely-acidified pyrite mountain soil according to claim 1, characterized in that lime with the thickness of 1-2 cm is covered on the surface of the extremely-acidified pyrite mountain soil after maintenance is completed, and the pH value of the surface soil is adjusted to 5-8.
7. The in-situ catalytic oxidation inactivation method for the acid-producing bacteria for oxidizing iron and sulfur in the extremely-acidified pyrite mountain soil according to claim 1, wherein the extremely-acidified pyrite mine is a pyrite mountain with a soil pH of 1.5-3.0 and contains a composite mineral containing multiple components of phosphorus, sulfur, copper, lead, manganese and zinc.
8. The in-situ catalytic oxidation inactivation method for the acid-producing bacteria for iron-sulfur oxidation in the extremely-acidified pyrite mountain soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the content of the acid-producing bacteria for iron-sulfur oxidation in the extremely-acidified pyrite mountain soil is 5 x 103～1×109Per g of dry basis.
9. The in-situ catalytic oxidation inactivation method for the iron-sulfur oxidizing acid-producing bacteria in the extremely-acidified pyrite mountain soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic matter content in the extremely-acidified pyrite mountain soil is not higher than 5% of dry basis, and Fe2+The concentration is 100-500 mg/kg.
10. The in-situ catalytic oxidation inactivation method for the acid-producing bacteria for oxidizing iron and sulfur in the extremely acidified pyrite hill soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the surface modification of the extremely acidified pyrite hill soil comprises removing stones, filling mining pits, loosening soil surface to a depth of 40-60 cm, and modifying the soil porosity to 40-50%.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5286522A (en) * | 1992-11-19 | 1994-02-15 | University Of Kentucky Research Foundation | H2 O2 induced oxidation proof phosphate surface coating on iron sulfides |
| WO2017152795A1 (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2017-09-14 | 大连地拓重工有限公司 | Resource mine repairing method |
| CN110860554A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-03-06 | 广东桃林生态环境有限公司 | Improvement method for extremely acidified mine soil |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5286522A (en) * | 1992-11-19 | 1994-02-15 | University Of Kentucky Research Foundation | H2 O2 induced oxidation proof phosphate surface coating on iron sulfides |
| WO2017152795A1 (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2017-09-14 | 大连地拓重工有限公司 | Resource mine repairing method |
| CN110860554A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-03-06 | 广东桃林生态环境有限公司 | Improvement method for extremely acidified mine soil |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 邱廷省 等: "次氯酸钠水溶液的稳定方法" * |
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