CN113854242B - Method for breeding earthworms by using animal wastes - Google Patents
Method for breeding earthworms by using animal wastes Download PDFInfo
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- CN113854242B CN113854242B CN202111193718.3A CN202111193718A CN113854242B CN 113854242 B CN113854242 B CN 113854242B CN 202111193718 A CN202111193718 A CN 202111193718A CN 113854242 B CN113854242 B CN 113854242B
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- 241001233061 earthworms Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000010828 animal waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 241000361919 Metaphire sieboldi Species 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 109
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 106
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Xylitol Natural products OCCC(O)C(O)C(O)CCO TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N meso ribitol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000811 xylitol Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229960002675 xylitol Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000010447 xylitol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 241001495098 Lumbricus rubellus Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000282898 Sus scrofa Species 0.000 description 42
- 235000019624 protein content Nutrition 0.000 description 17
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- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 12
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- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 4
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021051 daily weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 241000243818 Annelida Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241001290772 Limnodrilus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001277610 Oligochaeta <Asteraceae> Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
- A01K67/0332—Earthworms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
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- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of breeding, in particular to a method for breeding earthworms by using animal wastes, which comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing an earthworm bed: spreading wormcast as a primary seedbed, adding a proper amount of healthy and active earthworm seedlings, and culturing for 0.5-1 day to obtain an earthworm bed; secondly, emptying and breeding: feeding animal excrement feed on the earthworm bed in a mode of paving a plurality of fixed points to serve as a feeding layer, feeding once every 2-7 days according to the feeding speed of earthworms, keeping the temperature of the feeding layer at 20-25 ℃, the water content at 65-70%, and culturing for 2-3 months; thirdly, harvesting earthworms: taking the surface layer of the breeding layer, and separating the earthworms from the breeding layer by a scraper according to the principle that the earthworms are not sensitive to light to harvest the earthworms. The earthworm harvested by the application has the advantages of high yield, high-quality protein content, no heavy metal and antibiotic pollution, simple breeding method, convenient operation and convenient popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of breeding, in particular to a method for breeding earthworms by using animal wastes.
Background
Earthworms, also known as earthworms, are terrestrial invertebrates of the oligochaeta of Annelida, and have the ability to loosen, improve and increase soil fertility. The earthworm can be used as a precious medicine for treating various diseases, and can also be used as high-protein food and feed, so that the earthworm has good application prospect in the fields of medicine, food and the like.
The existing earthworms are generally artificially cultured by adopting sludge or animal wastes. The earthworms bred by the sludge have high yield and high-quality protein content, but the sludge often contains heavy metals, antibiotics and other components, so that the heavy metals and/or antibiotics of the earthworms are accumulated in the earthworms to exceed the standard. The animal waste does not contain heavy metals and antibiotics, so that the heavy metals and/or antibiotics of the earthworms can be effectively avoided from exceeding the standard, but the growth speed of the earthworms bred and harvested is low.
In view of the above technical problems, the inventors think that how to improve the yield and the high-quality protein content of earthworms bred from animal wastes is a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem of slow growth speed when the earthworms are bred by using the animal wastes, the application provides a method for breeding the earthworms by using the animal wastes.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for breeding earthworms with animal wastes, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for breeding earthworms by using animal wastes comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing an earthworm bed: spreading wormcast as a primary seedbed, adding a proper amount of healthy and active earthworm seedlings, and culturing for 0.5-1 day to obtain an earthworm bed;
secondly, emptying and breeding: feeding animal excrement feed on the earthworm bed in a mode of paving a plurality of fixed points to serve as a feeding layer, feeding once every 2-7 days according to the feeding speed of earthworms, keeping the temperature of the feeding layer at 20-25 ℃, the water content at 65-70%, and culturing for 2-3 months;
thirdly, harvesting earthworms: taking the surface layer of the breeding layer, and separating the earthworms from the breeding layer by a scraper according to the principle that the earthworms are not sensitive to light to harvest the earthworms.
By adopting the technical scheme, the earthworm feces are feces discharged by earthworms eating the organic feed, and compared with other culture materials, the earthworm feces can provide a buffer environment for the earthworms, so that the earthworms can adapt to a new environment quickly, and then the new feed is applied, so that the earthworms can move to the feeding layer actively, and compared with the passive arrangement of the earthworms in the feeding layer, the earthworm feeding device can help the earthworms adapt to the feeding environment actively and thrive; in the process of breeding the earthworms, new feed is added every 2 to 7 days according to the feeding condition of the earthworms, so that sufficient nutrient components of the earthworms are ensured; and finally, earthworms are gathered in the surface layer feeding layer, and the earthworms can be harvested only by processing the surface layer feeding layer by operating personnel.
Preferably, the animal manure feed is prepared by mixing pig manure, sheep manure and xylitol according to the mass ratio of (7-8) to (2-3) to (0.01-0.02).
By adopting the technical scheme, the yield and the high-quality protein content of the earthworms cultured by conventionally using the sheep manure are superior to those of pig manure, cow manure and the like, but the domestic pig raising industry at present develops rapidly, the yield of the pig manure is obviously more than that of the sheep manure and the cow manure, and in order to further improve the resource utilization rate of the pig manure, the pig manure is used as a main component, so that the utilization value of the pig manure can be further widened, the characteristics of rich protein and organic matter in the sheep manure are utilized, the mass ratio is matched, and the obtained animal manure feed can promote the yield and the high-quality protein content of the earthworms to be effectively improved, so the earthworm feed is used as further optimization.
Preferably, the pig manure is biogas residue obtained by performing dry-wet separation on fermented pig manure, and the humidity is 20-30%.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, fresh pig manure water content is high, and contain a certain amount of ammonia etc. and to the harmful material of earthworm growth, and the heat that the pig manure secondary fermentation produced not only can produce certain influence to the earthworm in addition, still can kill earthworm cocoon, therefore this application adopts the pig manure after the fermentation, and its marsh dregs principal ingredients after doing wet separation is organic matter, not only can guarantee that the pig manure has good gas permeability, can also satisfy the earthworm nutrition needs, consequently more is suitable for earthworm cultivation.
Preferably, the biogas residue is stored in the following way: putting the biogas residues into a storage container, adding water until the biogas residues are saturated, covering a film on the surface of the container, sealing, and storing at room temperature in the absence of oxygen for any use.
By adopting the technical scheme, the biogas residues are generally supplied quantitatively, and in the earthworm breeding process, the residual biogas residues are required to be effectively stored so as to reduce organic matters in the biogas residues and prevent the organic matters from being degraded by microorganisms.
Preferably, the sheep manure is a paste formed by crushing a dried sheep manure material and adding water for foaming.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, sheep excrement is graininess and compact structure usually, makes sheep excrement bubble more easily after smashing and sends out, and the thickener that bubbles sent can impel the protein evenly distributed in the sheep excrement, and the earthworm of being more convenient for ingests the nutrient, can improve the output and the high-quality protein content of earthworm from this to a certain extent.
Preferably, the particle size of the crushed sheep manure dry material is 1-3mm, water is added until the sheep manure dry material is submerged in the water, and the mixture is soaked for 24-36h at the temperature of 25-40 ℃.
By adopting the technical scheme, the dry sheep manure is crushed to 1-3mm and can be rapidly foamed when the set temperature is 25-40 ℃, and the crushed sheep manure in the obtained paste is more beneficial to earthworm ingestion.
Preferably, the flat laying length of the primary seedbed is 35-45m, the width is 0.8-1.0m, the thickness is 8-15cm, and the addition amount of the earthworm seedlings is 11000 strips per square meter based on the length of the primary seedbed.
By adopting the technical scheme, the earthworms need sufficient nutrients for growth, and when the earthworms are fed according to the feeding amount, the feed is fully utilized, and the obtained yield of the earthworms and the content of high-quality protein are optimal, so that the earthworms are further preferred.
Preferably, the weight of each animal waste feeding pile of the feeding layer is 3-4kg, and the distance between the edges of two adjacent animal waste feeding piles is 25-35 cm.
By adopting the technical scheme, the smaller the feeding amount and the distance of each point of the feeding layer are, the smaller the internal ventilation amount of the feeding layer is, the larger the feeding amount and the distance of each point of the feeding layer are, the nutrient supply of the earthworms is insufficient, and the feeding amount and the feeding distance of each point of the feeding layer are preferably 3-4kg and 25-35 cm.
Preferably, the surface layer of the breeding layer is paved as a secondary seedbed after earthworms are harvested.
By adopting the technical scheme, the earthworms can lay the earthworm cocoons in the feeding layer on the surface layer in the breeding process, the earthworm cocoons can be used as seedbeds to fully utilize the earthworm cocoons to re-hatch the earthworm seedlings for breeding, the hatched earthworm seedlings can better adapt to the environment of the feeding layer, and the earthworm breeding method is further beneficial to robust growth of the earthworms.
Preferably, the earthworm seedlings are red earthworms Daping No. two.
By adopting the technical scheme, the red earthworm Daping No. two has strong adaptability, easy feeding and high nutritive value, and can effectively improve the yield and the high-quality protein content when being applied to the application, so that the red earthworm Daping No. two is preferred.
In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the method, the earthworm cast is used as a primary seedbed, and the animal waste feed is laid as the feeding layer in batches to culture the earthworms, so that the yield and the high-quality protein content of the earthworms can be effectively improved.
2. The application uses the pig manure and the sheep manure with the set mass ratio as the animal manure feed, not only can effectively improve the resource utilization rate of the pig manure, but also can harvest earthworms with high yield and high-quality protein content.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to examples and comparative examples.
Raw materials
The animal waste of this application all is taken from the livestock farm that positive big agriculture offered.
A, pig manure a: is the manure of fresh pig manure after natural composting fermentation for 2 weeks at room temperature.
And (b) pig manure: the biogas residue obtained after the dry-wet separation of the pig manure a by using a dry-wet separator has the water content of 20-30%. Wherein, anaerobic water seal storage is carried out after the biogas residues are obtained, and the specific storage mode is as follows: placing biogas residue in a storage container, adding water until the biogas residue is saturated, covering with film on the surface, sealing to make the film adhere to the surface layer biogas residue, storing at room temperature in the absence of oxygen, and draining the biogas residue to water content of 20-30%.
C, pig manure: the biogas residue obtained after the dry-wet separation of the pig manure a by using a dry-wet separator has the water content of 20-30%. Wherein, the aerobic drying storage is carried out after the biogas residues are obtained, and the specific storage mode is as follows: exposing the biogas residue in the sun until the water content is below 10%, and taking the biogas residue at any time, wherein water is added into the biogas residue until the water content is 20-30% when the biogas residue is used.
Sheep manure a: the feed is crushed material obtained by crushing sheep manure dry material, wherein the sheep manure dry material is prepared by exposing fresh sheep manure in the sun to dry moisture, and the particle size of the crushed sheep manure dry material is 1-3 mm.
And (2) sheep manure b: is a paste formed by soaking sheep manure a in water. Wherein, water is added until the water level is over the dry sheep manure, and the paste is obtained after soaking and foaming for 24-36h at the temperature of 25-40 ℃, the performances of the sheep manure b prepared under the soaking and foaming condition are similar, and the paste prepared by soaking and foaming for 24h at the temperature of 30 ℃ is taken as an example for illustration in the application.
Earthworm seedling: the present application specifically takes red earthworm Daping No. II and Lubei Luzhou earthworm as examples for explanation.
Examples
Example 1
A method for breeding earthworms by using animal wastes comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing an earthworm bed: taking wormcast of earthworm species to be cultured, flatly paving the wormcast into a primary seedbed, wherein the flat length of the primary seedbed is 35-45m, the width is 0.8-1.0m, the thickness is 8-15cm, adding a proper amount of healthy and active earthworm seedlings, and culturing for 1 day, wherein the addition amount of the earthworm seedlings is 9000 plus 11000 strips per square meter according to the length of the primary seedbed, so as to obtain an earthworm bed;
when the primary seedbed is laid according to the size, the difference between the yield of the earthworms harvested in unit volume and the content of high-quality protein of the earthworms is small, in this embodiment, the length, the width and the height are specifically described as 40m multiplied by 0.9m multiplied by 10cm, the addition amount of the earthworm seedlings is 10000 pieces per square meter, and the earthworms are cultured for 1 day;
secondly, emptying and breeding: the method comprises the following steps of putting animal excrement feed on an earthworm bed in a mode of paving a plurality of fixed points to serve as a feeding layer, wherein the weight of each animal excrement feed pile in the feeding layer is 3-4kg, the edge distance between every two adjacent animal excrement feed piles is 25-35cm, the specific putting amount of the feeding layer is 3.5kg, and the distance between every two adjacent animal excrement feed piles is 30 cm; then adding a layer of breeding layer every 2-7 days according to the eating condition of the earthworms; keeping the temperature of the breeding layer at 20-25 deg.C and water content of 65-70%, culturing for 2-3 months, stopping culturing when the daily weight gain rate of 80% or more earthworms is less than or equal to 2%, wherein 80% of earthworms is obtained by randomly taking 500 earthworms in 5 breeding layers as sample, and counting the weight change of the sample, wherein the daily weight gain rate of more than or equal to 200 earthworms is less than or equal to 2%;
in the embodiment, the water content is maintained at 65-70% through a humidity control system, at least three humidity sensors are placed in each feeding layer, if the water content detected by the three humidity sensors is lower than 65%, a spray pipe is adopted to spray water, and when the water content detected by at least two humidity sensors reaches 70%, the water supply is stopped; in addition, the animal waste feed in this embodiment is specifically pig manure a; the thickness of each layer of the breeding layer is 8-15cm, the difference between the yield of the harvested earthworms and the content of high-quality protein in the thickness range is small, and the embodiment specifically takes 10cm as an example for explanation;
thirdly, harvesting earthworms: the earthworms are separated from the feeding layer by the scraping plate according to the principle that the earthworms are not sensitive to light (when the scraping plate scrapes the feed from top to bottom, the earthworms are not sensitive to light and can automatically move to the bottom, and only the earthworms are left after the earthworms are scraped), and the earthworms are harvested.
Examples 2 to 10
Examples 2-10 animal manure feeds were conditioned based on the method of example 1, see table one below.
TABLE A weight ratio of animal excrement feed of examples 1 to 10
| Animal waste feed | |
| Example 1 | Pig manure a |
| Example 2 | Pig manure a and sheep manure a in a mass ratio of 1:1 |
| Example 3 | Pig manure a and sheep manure a in a mass ratio of 7:3 |
| Example 4 | Pig manure a and sheep manure a in a mass ratio of 7.5:2.5 |
| Example 5 | The weight ratio of the pig manure a to the sheep manure a is 8:2 |
| Example 6 | Sheep manure a |
| Example 7 | The weight ratio of the pig manure b to the sheep manure a is 7:3 |
| Example 8 | The weight ratio of the pig manure c to the sheep manure a is 7:3 |
| Example 9 | The weight ratio of the pig manure a to the sheep manure b is 7:3 |
| Example 10 | The weight ratio of the pig manure b to the sheep manure b is 7:3 |
| Example 11 | The weight ratio of the pig manure c to the sheep manure b is 7:3 |
| Example 12 | Pig manure b, sheep manure b and xylitol in a mass ratio of 7:3:0.01 |
| Example 13 | Pig manure b, sheep manure b and xylitol in a mass ratio of 7:3:0.015 |
| Example 14 | Pig manure b, sheep manure b and xylitol in a mass ratio of 7:3:0.02 |
| Example 15 | Pig manure b, sheep manure b and xylitol in a mass ratio of 7:3:0.025 |
Examples 16 to 17
Examples 16 to 17 the amount of earthworm seedlings added was adjusted based on the method of example 13. Wherein, the adding amount of the earthworm seedlings in the example 16 is 8000 pieces/m; in example 17, the amount of the young earthworms added was 12000 pieces/m.
Example 18
In this example, based on the method of example 13, the earthworm seedlings were cultured in the primary seedbed for 0.5 days.
Examples 19 to 20
Examples 19-20 the weight of each animal manure feeder pile placed on the feeder floor was adjusted based on the method of example 13. Wherein, in the example 19, the weight of each animal waste feeding material pile in the feeding layer is 2kg, and the distance is 20 cm; in example 20, the weight of each animal waste compost pile in the rearing layer was 5kg, and the interval was 40 cm.
Example 21
In this example, on the basis of the method in example 13, the variety of earthworm seedlings was replaced by limnodrilus hupehensis.
Example 22
In this embodiment, on the basis of the method in example 13, the feeding layer on the surface layer is used as a secondary seedbed to be laid on the original feeding area after earthworms are harvested, earthworm eggs in the secondary seedbed are incubated, and after more than 80% of the earthworm eggs are successfully incubated, fertilization culture and earthworm harvesting are continued according to the method in example 13.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1
This comparative example was based on the method of example 1 and was laid flat with animal manure feed as a primary seedbed.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example was carried out by adding a sufficient amount of animal manure feed at a time based on the method of example 1.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example is based on the method of example 1, using sludge instead of animal manure feed.
Performance test
The primary earthworms harvested in examples 1 to 21 and comparative examples 1 to 3 and the secondary earthworms harvested in example 22 were used as test subjects, and the yields and the high-quality protein contents thereof were measured by the following methods, and the results of the measurements are specifically shown in the following table two.
The yield of earthworms is as follows: the mass of the harvested earthworms per square meter is measured according to the area of the feeding layer, and the unit is kg/m 2 。
The content of the earthworm high-quality protein is as follows: randomly selecting 3 positions 1m 2 And (3) selecting 5 earthworms with uniform size in each area, determining the high-quality protein content of each earthworm by adopting an improved Lowry method, and averaging to obtain the high-quality protein content of the batch of earthworms, wherein the unit is.
TABLE II examination results of examples 1 to 22 and comparative examples 1 to 3
| Yield (kg/m) 2 ） | High-quality protein content (%) | |
| Example 1 | 6.5 | 41 |
| Example 2 | 7.1 | 53 |
| Example 3 | 7.0 | 53 |
| Example 4 | 7.0 | 52 |
| Example 5 | 7.0 | 53 |
| Example 6 | 8.0 | 69 |
| Example 7 | 7.5 | 62 |
| Example 8 | 7.2 | 55 |
| Example 9 | 7.6 | 63 |
| Example 10 | 7.8 | 65 |
| Example 11 | 7.5 | 62 |
| Example 12 | 8.6 | 72 |
| Example 13 | 8.7 | 73 |
| Example 14 | 8.4 | 70 |
| Example 15 | 7.9 | 67 |
| Example 16 | 7.9 | 73 |
| Example 17 | 8.5 | 69 |
| Example 18 | 8.3 | 72 |
| Example 19 | 8.0 | 63 |
| Example 20 | 8.1 | 67 |
| Example 21 | 6.0 | 55 |
| Example 22-2 | 8.8 | 74 |
| Comparative example 1 | 4.3 | 31 |
| Comparative example 2 | 5.1 | 39 |
| Comparative example 3 | 6.3 | 40 |
Referring to the second table, by comparing the detection results of examples 1 to 22 and comparative examples 1 to 3, the earthworm cultivation method of the present application, which uses earthworm cast as a primary seedbed and lays animal excrement feed in batches as a breeding layer, can obtain the earthworm cultivation method, wherein the obtained earthworm has characteristics of large yield, high content of high quality protein, no heavy metal and antibiotic pollution, simple cultivation method, convenient operation, and convenient popularization and application.
Comparing the detection results of the embodiments 1 to 15, it can be obtained that the pig manure, the sheep manure and the xylitol with the mass ratio of (7-8): (2-3): (0.01-0.02) are used as animal manure feed, which not only can effectively improve the resource utilization rate of the pig manure, but also can harvest earthworms with high yield and high-quality protein content, and the animal manure feed after the xylitol is added can promote the earthworms to absorb as much pig manure and sheep manure in the sheep manure as possible, so that the yield and protein of the produced earthworms are obviously better than those of the earthworms and/or sheep manure only.
Wherein, the pig manure is biogas residue obtained by dry-wet separation of fermented pig manure (the humidity is 20-30%), which not only ensures good air permeability of the pig manure, but also meets the nutrition requirements of earthworms, thereby being more suitable for earthworm cultivation. In addition, anaerobic water seal storage is carried out to the biogas residue, and the anaerobic water seal storage has a better storage effect compared with aerobic dry storage, and the earthworm yield and the high-quality protein content of the harvested earthworm are higher.
The sheep manure is preferably a paste which is prepared by crushing a dried sheep manure (the particle size is 1-3 mm) and then adding water to soak the crushed dried sheep manure for 24-36 hours, because the crushed sheep manure is easier to soak, and the soaked paste can promote the protein in the sheep manure to be uniformly distributed, so that the earthworms can take nutrients more conveniently, and the yield and the high-quality protein content of the earthworms can be improved to a certain extent.
The dosage of the xylitol cannot be excessive, and the excessive xylitol can influence the yield and the high-quality protein content of the earthworms.
In the above examples, the yield of earthworms harvested in example 13 and the content of high-quality protein were optimized, and thus, they were considered as preferred examples.
Comparing the test results of examples 16-17 with those of example 13, it can be seen that the more the addition amount of the earthworm seedlings is, the better, when the primary seedbed is laid with a length of 35-45m, a width of 0.8-1.0m and a thickness of 8-15cm, the addition amount of the earthworm seedlings is 9000-11000/m (based on the length of the primary seedbed), and the yield of the earthworms and the content of the high-quality protein are optimized, so that the method is further preferable.
Comparing the detection results of example 18 and example 13, it can be seen that the earthworm seedlings cultured in the earthworm cast for 0.5-1 day can better promote the earthworms to adapt to the feeding layer, thereby further improving the yield and the high-quality protein content of the earthworms.
Comparing the detection results of the embodiments 19 to 20 and the detection results of the embodiment 13, it can be obtained that the weight and the feeding distance of each animal waste feeding pile in the feeding layer can correspondingly influence the growth of the earthworms, and the preferable scheme of the application is that the weight of each animal waste feeding pile is 3-4kg, and the distance between the edges of two adjacent animal waste feeding piles is 25-35 cm.
Comparing the test results of example 21 with those of example 13, it can be seen that the application of red earthworm Daping No. 2 in the present application can effectively improve the yield and the content of high-quality protein, and therefore, it is preferable.
Comparing the detection results of the embodiment 22 and the embodiment 13, it can be obtained that the feeding layer on the surface layer is used as a secondary seedbed after the earthworms are harvested, so that the earthworm seedlings can be re-hatched by fully utilizing the earthworm eggs for cultivation, the earthworm cultivation cost is reduced, the hatched earthworm seedlings can better adapt to the feeding layer environment, and the earthworm robust growth is further facilitated.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present application, and it is not limited to the present application, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. A method for breeding earthworms by using animal wastes comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing an earthworm bed: spreading wormcast as a primary seedbed, adding a proper amount of healthy and active earthworm seedlings, and culturing for 0.5-1 day to obtain an earthworm bed;
secondly, emptying and breeding: feeding animal excrement feed on the earthworm bed in a mode of paving a plurality of fixed points to serve as a feeding layer, feeding once every 2-7 days according to the feeding speed of earthworms, keeping the temperature of the feeding layer at 20-25 ℃, the water content at 65-70%, and culturing for 2-3 months;
thirdly, harvesting earthworms: taking a feeding layer on the surface layer, and separating earthworms from the feeding layer through a scraper according to the principle that the earthworms are not sensitive to light to harvest the earthworms;
the animal manure feed is prepared by mixing 7-8 mass percent of pig manure, 2-3 mass percent of sheep manure and 0.01-0.02 mass percent of xylitol.
2. The method for breeding earthworms using animal wastes according to claim 1, wherein: the pig manure is biogas residue obtained by performing dry-wet separation on fermented pig manure, and the humidity is 20-30%.
3. The method for breeding earthworms using animal wastes according to claim 2, wherein: the biogas residue storage mode is as follows: putting the biogas residues into a storage container, adding water until the biogas residues are saturated, covering a film on the surface of the biogas residues for sealing, and storing the biogas residues at room temperature in an oxygen-free manner for use.
4. The method for breeding earthworms by using animal wastes according to claim 3, wherein: the sheep manure is a paste material formed by crushing a sheep manure dry material and adding water for soaking.
5. The method for breeding earthworms by using animal wastes according to claim 4, wherein: the particle size of the crushed sheep manure dry material is 1-3mm, water is added until the sheep manure dry material is submerged in the water, and fermentation is carried out for 48-72h at the temperature of 25-40 ℃.
6. The method for breeding earthworms using animal wastes according to claim 1, wherein: the length of the flat laying of the primary seedbed is 35-45m, the width is 0.8-1.0m, the thickness is 8-15cm, and the addition amount of the earthworm seedlings is 9000-11000 pieces/m according to the length of the primary seedbed.
7. The method for breeding earthworms using animal wastes according to claim 1, wherein: the weight of each animal waste feeding pile in the feeding layer is 3-4kg, and the distance between the edges of two adjacent animal waste feeding piles is 25-35 cm.
8. The method for breeding earthworms by using animal wastes according to claim 1, comprising the steps of: the feeding layer on the surface layer is paved as a secondary seedbed after earthworms are harvested.
9. The method for breeding earthworms using animal wastes according to claim 1, wherein: the earthworm seedling is red earthworm Daping No. 2.
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| CN113261534A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-08-17 | 扬州大学 | Earthworm breeding method |
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| CN102144620A (en) * | 2011-04-14 | 2011-08-10 | 南京大学 | Method for cultivating earthworms for experiment |
| CN102939944A (en) * | 2012-11-28 | 2013-02-27 | 四川鑫博牧业有限公司 | Earthworm net type separation layer cultivation technology |
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