CN110240374B - Method for innocent treatment of livestock manure by using fly maggots - Google Patents
Method for innocent treatment of livestock manure by using fly maggots Download PDFInfo
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- CN110240374B CN110240374B CN201910568542.1A CN201910568542A CN110240374B CN 110240374 B CN110240374 B CN 110240374B CN 201910568542 A CN201910568542 A CN 201910568542A CN 110240374 B CN110240374 B CN 110240374B
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/02—Biological treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses: a method for innocent treatment of livestock manure by fly maggots comprises the following steps: firstly, selecting a proper fly variety for multi-generation cultivation, and selecting and cultivating larvae of excellent fly offspring for cultivation; managing the livestock manure in a centralized manner; then transferring the ova to a culture bed, and proportionally supplying the excrement managed in a centralized way to the corresponding culture bed for excrement treatment; separating the larvae from the feces after the feces treatment is finished; composting the separated excrement, detecting and treating the excrement as an organic fertilizer; and (4) carrying out spot inspection on the separated larvae to be used as bait adults for treatment. The invention utilizes the fly maggots as the feed organisms for cultivation, can effectively treat the excrement discharge problem of different livestock in a cultivation field, converts the mixed excrement into farmyard organic fertilizer with better quality, and simultaneously, the cultivated fly maggots can also be used as the feed of various livestock and aquatic products, provide protein and improve the resistance of the livestock.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for performing harmless treatment on livestock manure by using fly maggots.
Background
The resource utilization of the excrement refers to that the excrement contains a large amount of organic matters and rich fertilizer effect components such as N, P, K. Through a special treatment and recovery means, the effective components in the excrement and urine are recovered while the excrement and urine are harmless. Is one of the main utilization means for preparing fertilizer. Another important aspect is the recovery of water from the manure. More than 70% of the feces and urine is water, and the sewage can reach high water quality standard through treatment, and can even be drunk by people. The existing ecological toilet with the highest utilization rate is a toilet with excrement decomposed by microorganisms, which utilizes the growth and reproduction activities of the microorganisms to biodegrade and convert the macromolecular organic compounds available in the excrement into bacterial biomass, competitively inhibits and kills pathogenic microorganisms in the excrement, adsorbs, degrades and converts odor substances generated in the excrement, and realizes harmless and recycling treatment of the excrement. Can achieve the function of zero emission and does not cause any pollution to the environment.
The existing feces innocent treatment modes are various:
anaerobic fermentation is a complex biological process; under the action of oxygen deficiency and microorganisms, the organic substances such as carbohydrates, fats and proteins in the excrement can be converted into methane, and the methane is mainly used as fuel, such as natural gas and coal gas, and is widely applied to civil use and industry.
The aerobic treatment process is a fermentation process using aerobic bacteria, and is called aerobic fermentation. The aerobic treatment is carried out for hours, and only final dilution, aeration and precipitation can be carried out; on a scale of more than medium, the pre-treatment and the secondary dilution can be carried out according to a standard activated sludge method. Adding a proper amount of chemical agent into the excrement to flocculate the excrement and separating the excrement into liquid and dewatered sludge through precipitation.
The high-temperature high-pressure treatment method can achieve better treatment effect by continuously oxidizing and decomposing organic matters in the excrement for about 1 hour under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure. The capacity of the reaction tower should be determined according to the calorific value of the excrements, the reaction rate and the degree of oxidation.
The high-temperature composting method is characterized in that excrement is mixed into garbage according to a certain proportion and is treated by the high-temperature composting method. If the nitrogen content in the garbage is higher, the method should not be adopted.
Chemical method, adding a proper amount of chemical agent into the excrement to flocculate the excrement and separate the excrement into liquid and dewatered sludge through precipitation. The treatment method is mainly characterized in that the solid-liquid separation is formed in short time by the excrement.
The septic tank treatment, because the treatment of domestic sewage in middle and small-sized cities and rural areas, the excrement collection and treatment are difficult to be completely pipelined, and the small septic tank becomes the most common and necessary-configured facility for unit houses. The septic tank is used for receiving and storing domestic sewage. The pool is divided into 3 areas of a floating layer, a sludge layer and a middle clear water layer. The clear water can be finally treated by adopting a sewage irrigation mode. The sewage used for irrigation is not greatly polluted to the environment through evaporation and infiltration digestion, but the clearing amount of the total waste can be reduced.
In the methods, the manure is composted or anaerobically fermented to prepare the organic fertilizer, so that the manure of a farm in tons can be subjected to harmless treatment, and the waste can be changed into valuable substances for resource utilization. However, the existing compost anaerobic fermentation process is slow, and because of more limiting conditions, organic matters in the fertilizer can not reach the standard value of the organic fertilizer easily due to improper operation. And the obtained fertilizer has high heavy metal content and cannot be directly used. In order to improve the problems, on the basis of a fermentation composting technology, the organic fertilizer which can be quickly decomposed and obtain better indexes is assisted by microorganisms or insects. And the insect treatment is generally carried out by adopting earthworms, black soldier flies, fly maggots and the like.
Flies, Insecta, Diptera, Cyrina, Muscadae, are the most common and abundant species of flies in most areas of China. The life cycle of the fly is short, and 1 generation is completed every 14-18 days under the condition of proper temperature. Fly maggots are larvae of flies. Mainly in human and animal manure piles, garbage and rotten substances, and some of the manure and rotten substances live in rotten animal bodies. Pupating under the soil surface, and overwintering with pupae, wherein the depth of overwintering pupae in the soil can reach about 10 cm. The growth and the propagation are extremely fast, the artificial cultivation does not need a lot of equipment, and the cultivation can be carried out indoors and outdoors and in urban and rural areas.
However, in the prior art of adopting fly maggots to treat animal wastes, the quality of organic fertilizers and the quality of generated fly maggot imagoes can not be effectively controlled, the content of organic matters in the organic fertilizers is not high, and the number of ascarid eggs and escherichia coli groups exceeds the standard; the protein content in adults is insufficient.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for performing innocent treatment on livestock excrement by using fly maggots.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for innocent treatment of livestock manure by fly maggots comprises the following steps:
G1. firstly, selecting a proper fly variety for multi-generation cultivation, and selecting and cultivating larvae of excellent fly offspring for cultivation;
G2. managing the livestock manure in a centralized manner;
G3. then transferring the ova to a culture bed, and proportionally supplying the excrement managed in a centralized manner to the corresponding culture bed for excrement treatment;
G4. separating the larvae from the feces after the feces treatment is finished;
G5. composting the separated excrement, detecting and treating the excrement as an organic fertilizer;
G6. and (4) carrying out spot inspection on the separated larvae to be used as bait adults for treatment.
Further, the specific process of step G2 is as follows:
(2.1) collecting the livestock manure by adopting collection equipment in a farm at regular intervals, and transferring the collected manure to a manure fermentation tank;
and (2.2) stirring the excrement of various livestock in the excrement fermenting tank and then periodically introducing the excrement into the culture bed through a conveying device.
The livestock manure comprises various types of livestock, such as poultry, pigs, cattle, sheep, horses and the like, and for some large-scale farms or cultivation bases, various types of livestock are raised, but the quantity of the manure to be treated every day is large, and the manure can be directly collected and intensively placed, then fermented and recycled by using fly maggots. In many farms and breeding grounds manure handling facilities dedicated to collection and handling may be provided at suitable locations and then belt conveyor equipment may be employed for each farmed animal for the timed transport of manure. Operating personnel carries out regularly excrement and urine clearance operation in factory building or the rail that corresponds, belt transmission equipment's one end just set up in every factory building or rail department that corresponds, empty the excrement and urine of concentrating on the transmission band and transmit to and carry out centralized processing in the excrement and urine fermentation vat.
The manure pit can be planned according to actual fermentation time and site conditions, for example, the number of manure fermentation days is 5 days, at least five independent manure pits are preferably provided, and each manure pit is sized according to actual manure treatment capacity, generally the total amount of manure produced by all livestock in 24h of the farm. If the yield is large, the excrement can be firstly introduced into an unused breeding bed for fermentation, and then eggs are added for hatching. When the excrement fermentation tank is arranged outdoors, in order to avoid the influence of too low temperature on the excrement fermentation efficiency in winter, a layer of polyurethane foam heat-insulating layer is arranged on the inner wall of the excrement fermentation tank when the excrement fermentation tank is established. And a layer of cotton wool is covered on the plastic film covered on the outer surface when the excrement is fermented.
Further, in the step (2.2), after various periodically collected excrements of various livestock enter the same excrement fermenting tank, 5-8% of wheat bran, 6-9% of chaff, 7-12% of corn flour, 2-5% of grass meal and 0.3-0.6% of zymogen stock solution are added according to the total mass of the excrements in the excrement fermenting tank, the water content is controlled to be 45-58%, and then the mixture is stirred for 10-15min and covered with a plastic film for anaerobic fermentation for 3-5 d; stirring for 5-10min every morning and evening at an interval of 12 h.
The chaff, the wheat bran and the corn flour can provide organic matters, and the grass meal is used for adjusting the pH value of the fermented excrement. The zymocyte stock solution can provide high-quality zymocyte strains, and compared with powdery strains, the liquid zymocyte solution is convenient to immerse and diffuse. And the chaff, the wheat bran and the corn flour can also have the effect of adjusting the water content.
Further, the specific process of step G3 is as follows:
(3.1) weighing the mixed manure input into the single cultivation bed and stacking the manure into at least three separate manure piles;
(3.2) balancing the weight of the cultured worm eggs according to the mass ratio range of the excrement to the worm eggs of 800:1-1200:1, wherein the weight corresponds to the amount of the mixed excrement in each culture bed;
(3.3) uniformly paving the single excrement pile on the surface of the culture bed, subpackaging the weighted ova according to the quantity of the excrement piles, and uniformly arranging one part of the weighted ova on the paved first excrement layer;
(3.4) stacking the layers of the excrement and the layers of the worm eggs in sequence, keeping the indoor temperature within the range of 25-30 ℃ after paving, standing for 3-4 days, and separating.
Further, the maggot breeding room is built in the step 3 for breeding, and a plurality of breeding beds are built in the maggot breeding room for processing the multiple batches of the maggots containing excrement.
Further, the specific steps of the step G4 are as follows:
(4.1) manually screening maggots in excrement with the maggots, putting the maggots in a filter bag, and collecting the excrement as dry fertilizer;
(4.2) transferring the filter bag to a cleaning pool, spraying and washing the maggots with the dung flies on the filter bag for 3-5min by using running water, and collecting effluent liquid dung as liquid manure;
(4.3) collecting the fly larvae left on the filter bag, carrying out air drying at normal temperature, treating the fly larvae as adult fly larvae, cleaning the filter bag for three times, drying for later use, and collecting the cleaned water into a water fertilizer.
Further, the specific steps of the step G4 are as follows:
(4.1) adding wood chips into the well-treated feces with the fly maggots, mixing, uniformly spreading the mixture on a sieve mesh with the aperture of 4-7mm, controlling the thickness of the feces with the fly maggots to be 5-8mm, and arranging a layer of geotextile on the lower part of the sieve mesh;
(4.2) irradiating the upper part of the screen mesh for 15-20min by using an incandescent lamp, manually screening out residual fly maggots in the excrement and placing the fly maggots on the geotextile, and collecting the excrement screened and remained on the screen mesh as dry fertilizer;
(4.3) transferring the geotextile to a cleaning pool, cleaning maggots carrying dung flies on the geotextile for 3-5min by adopting flowing water spraying, and collecting effluent liquid dung as liquid manure;
(4.4) collecting the fly maggots left on the geotextile, carrying out normal-temperature air drying on the fly maggots to treat the fly maggot adults, cleaning the geotextile for three times, then drying the geotextile for later use, and collecting the cleaned water into the water fertilizer.
Further, in the step G1, after selecting and cultivating the seed flies for five generations, large-scale cage cultivation or house cultivation is carried out, an egg bed special for the spawning of the flies is arranged in the cage or at the lower part in the house, and wet wood chips or wet chaffs are paved in the egg bed.
Further, in the step G1, when the flies are cultivated, 40-100G of soybean powder is fed to every ten thousand flies every day.
Further, the adult maggots obtained in the step G6 are directly fed to the poultry and fish in a live manner or are stored at the temperature of 12-15 ℃ after being dried.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention utilizes the fly maggots as the feed organisms for cultivation, can effectively treat the excrement discharge problem of different livestock in a cultivation field, converts the mixed excrement into farmyard organic fertilizer with better quality, and simultaneously, the cultivated fly maggots can also be used as the feed of various livestock and aquatic products, provide protein and improve the resistance of the livestock.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
the embodiment is a method for innocent treatment of livestock manure by using fly maggots, and firstly plans hardware facilities of a large-scale breeding plant. The farm in the embodiment simultaneously breeds poultry and pigs, wherein the poultry comprise laying hens, pheasants and ducks, the laying hens are raised in cages, excrement produced by the laying hens can be directly recycled, the pigs are raised by adopting mixed feed, and the feed is prepared by adopting a mixture of 30% of live fly maggots, 50% of corns, 20% of wheat bran, chaffs and seasonal vegetables. The living fly maggots can replace the original fish meal and provide high-quality protein.
In the embodiment, the pig and poultry excrement is used for culturing the fly maggots, the excrement treated by the fly maggots can directly replace farmyard organic fertilizers to carry out fertilizer application on crops and vegetables, rice, wheat, cabbage, hot pepper, corn, eggplant and the like are planted in the farm in one year, and the corn is mainly used as the feed of livestock.
Because the broiler chickens in the farm are bred in a stocking mode, the excrement of the pheasants is not collected and is scattered in the captive land. And the built pigsty and the laying hen plant are both arranged in the same area, so that excrement can be conveniently and intensively treated.
Firstly, in pigsty and chicken coop areas, a proper position is selected to build an excrement fermentation tank, 2 groups of excrement fermentation tanks are arranged, each group comprises 6 excrement fermentation tanks, the depth of each excrement fermentation tank is 40-60cm, a polyurethane heat-insulating layer is arranged on the inner wall of each excrement fermentation tank, and the surface of the heat-insulating layer is covered with geomembrane anti-seepage treatment. And a conveyor belt is arranged among the chicken house, the pigsty and the excrement fermentation tank and used for conveying and collecting the collected excrement. The managers regularly look over the condition of chicken coop and pigsty every day to carry out faecal clearance every day, will clear up concentrated excrement and urine and pass through the transmission band and convey to corresponding in the excrement and urine fermentation vat.
Build the fly maggot factory building near excrement and urine fermentation vat, the fly maggot in this embodiment adopts the mode of raising in cages to go on, nevertheless is equipped with a plurality of cages of breeding in the room of raising in fly maggot factory building, breeds the cage bottom and is equipped with the chassis that covers with net cloth, has laid the one deck wheat bran in the chassis as the ovum bed, is supplied with the soybean flour in the cage, can improve the efficiency of laying eggs. Eggs were collected daily and transferred to maggot raising rooms. A group of culture beds are respectively arranged on two sides of the maggot breeding room along the length direction, and the culture beds can be directly paved on the flat ground to form a pool body structure with a certain depth, or directly poured on the flat concrete ground to form the pool body structure with a certain depth. A channel is reserved in the maggot breeding room, operation is convenient, and a ventilation structure is arranged in the maggot breeding room, so that air in the maggot breeding room is always circulated. But simultaneously, a constant temperature structure is arranged in the maggot breeding room, so that the temperature in the maggot breeding room can be always kept between 25 and 27 ℃, and the adopted ventilation structure easily influences the indoor constant temperature structure in winter.
In order to keep the breeding efficiency of the fly maggots and simultaneously keep the air circulation in the maggot breeding room, an independent buffer area can be arranged in the maggot breeding room. The area is arranged at the entrance of the door, and an independent space is reserved independently, so that the temperature of the air entering the room can be increased in the area. Meanwhile, the buffer area can facilitate the clothes changing and the disinfection and sterilization operation of operators, the operators entering the maggot raising room can change the clothes in the buffer area,
the method comprises the following specific steps:
1. selecting a proper fly variety for multi-generation cultivation, and selecting and cultivating larvae of excellent fly offspring for cultivation; after selecting seed flies and cultivating for five generations, carrying out large-scale cage cultivation or house cultivation, arranging an egg bed special for the spawning of the flies in a cage or at the lower part in a house, and paving wet sawdust or wet chaff in the egg bed. When the flies are cultivated, 80g of bean flour is fed to every ten thousand flies every day.
2. Managing the livestock manure in a centralized manner;
collecting livestock manure by adopting collection equipment in a farm at regular intervals, and transferring the collected manure to a manure fermentation tank; the excrement of various livestock in the excrement fermenting tank is stirred and then is introduced into the culture bed regularly through a transmission device.
For some large-scale farms or breeding bases, various types of livestock are raised, but the amount of excrement to be treated every day is large, and the excrement can be directly collected and placed in a centralized manner, and then fermented and recycled by fly maggots.
Manure treatment facilities dedicated to collection and treatment may be provided at appropriate positions, and then belt conveyor equipment may be employed for each farmed animal for the timed conveyance of manure. Operating personnel carries out regularly excrement and urine clearance operation in factory building or the rail that corresponds, belt transmission equipment's one end just set up in every factory building or rail department that corresponds, empty the excrement and urine of concentrating on the transmission band and transmit to and carry out centralized processing in the excrement and urine fermentation vat.
The manure pit can be planned according to actual fermentation time and site conditions, for example, the number of manure fermentation days is 5 days, at least five independent manure pits are preferably provided, and each manure pit is sized according to actual manure treatment capacity, generally the total amount of manure produced by all livestock in 24h of the farm. If the yield is large, the excrement can be firstly introduced into an unused breeding bed for fermentation, and then eggs are added for hatching. When the excrement fermentation tank is arranged outdoors, in order to avoid the influence of too low temperature on the excrement fermentation efficiency in winter, a layer of polyurethane foam heat-insulating layer is arranged on the inner wall of the excrement fermentation tank when the excrement fermentation tank is established. And a layer of cotton wool is covered on the plastic film covered on the outer surface when the excrement is fermented.
After various excrements of various types of livestock collected regularly enter the same excrement fermenting tank, adding 5-8% of wheat bran, 6-9% of chaff, 7-12% of corn flour, 2-5% of grass meal and 0.3-0.6% of zymocyte stock solution by mass percent according to the total amount of the excrements in the excrement fermenting tank, controlling the water content between 45-58%, stirring for 10-15min, and covering a plastic film for anaerobic fermentation for 3-5 d; stirring for 5-10min at intervals of 12h every morning and evening.
The chaff, the wheat bran and the corn flour can provide organic matters, and the grass meal is used for adjusting the pH value of the fermented excrement. The zymocyte stock solution can provide high-quality zymocyte strains, and compared with powdery strains, the liquid zymocyte solution is convenient to immerse and diffuse. And the rice husks, the wheat bran and the corn flour can also have the effect of adjusting the water content.
3. Then transferring the ova to a culture bed, and proportionally supplying the excrement managed in a centralized way to the corresponding culture bed for excrement treatment; the worm eggs are cultured in the established maggot breeding room, and a plurality of culture beds are arranged in the maggot breeding room for processing a plurality of batches of fecal maggots.
Weighing the mixed manure input into a single cultivation bed and stacking the manure into at least three separate manure piles; balancing the cultured worm eggs according to the mass ratio range of the excrement to the worm eggs of 800:1-1200:1, and corresponding to the amount of the mixed excrement in each culture bed; then, uniformly paving the single excrement pile on the surface of the culture bed, subpackaging the weighted ova according to the quantity of the excrement piles, and uniformly arranging one part of the ova on the paved first excrement layer; and stacking the layers of excrement and worm eggs in sequence, and standing the mixture for 3 to 4 days at the indoor temperature of between 25 and 30 ℃ after the laying is finished, so that the excrement and the worm eggs can be separated.
4. Separating the larvae from the feces after the feces treatment is finished;
one mode is manual screening, maggots in excrement with the maggots are manually screened out and placed in a filter bag, and the excrement is collected to be used as dry fertilizer; and transferring the filter bag to a cleaning pool, spraying and washing the maggots with the dung flies on the filter bag for 3-5min by using running water, and collecting the flowing liquid dung as liquid manure.
Collecting the fly maggots left on the filter bag, air-drying at normal temperature, treating the fly maggots as adult fly maggots, cleaning the filter bag for three times, drying for later use, and collecting the cleaned water into water and fertilizer.
5. Composting the separated excrement, detecting and treating the excrement as an organic fertilizer;
6. and (3) carrying out spot inspection on the separated larvae, treating the larvae as bait adults, and directly feeding the obtained fly maggot adults to poultry and fish live insects or preserving the fly maggot adults at the temperature of 12-15 ℃ after drying.
Example 2:
the embodiment is a method for performing innocent treatment on livestock excrement by using fly maggots, and aims at large-scale cultivation plants, hardware facilities of the large-scale cultivation plants are planned firstly. The farm in the embodiment simultaneously breeds poultry and pigs, wherein the poultry comprise laying hens, pheasants and ducks, the laying hens are raised in cages, excrement produced by the laying hens can be directly recycled, the pigs are raised by adopting mixed feed, and the feed is prepared by adopting a mixture of 30% of live fly maggots, 50% of corns, 20% of wheat bran, chaffs and seasonal vegetables. The living fly maggots can replace the original fish meal and provide high-quality protein.
In the embodiment, the pig and poultry excrement is used for culturing the fly maggots, the excrement treated by the fly maggots can directly replace farmyard organic fertilizers to carry out fertilizer application on crops and vegetables, rice, wheat, cabbage, hot pepper, corn, eggplant and the like are planted in the farm in one year, and the corn is mainly used as the feed of livestock.
Firstly, in pigsty and chicken coop areas, a proper position is selected to build an excrement fermentation tank, 2 groups of excrement fermentation tanks are arranged, each group comprises 6 excrement fermentation tanks, the depth of each excrement fermentation tank is 40-60cm, a polyurethane heat-insulating layer is arranged on the inner wall of each excrement fermentation tank, and the surface of the heat-insulating layer is covered with geomembrane anti-seepage treatment. And a conveyor belt is arranged among the chicken house, the pigsty and the excrement fermentation tank and used for conveying and collecting the collected excrement. Managers regularly look over the condition of chicken coop and pigsty every day to carry out faecal clearance every day, will clear up concentrated excrement and urine and pass through the transmission band and convey to corresponding in the excrement and urine fermentation vat.
Build the fly maggot factory building near excrement and urine fermentation vat, the fly maggot in this embodiment adopts the mode of raising in cages to go on, nevertheless is equipped with a plurality of cages of breeding in the room of raising in fly maggot factory building, breeds the cage bottom and is equipped with the chassis that covers with net cloth, has laid the one deck wheat bran in the chassis as the ovum bed, is supplied with the soybean flour in the cage, can improve the efficiency of laying eggs. Eggs were collected daily and transferred to maggot-raising rooms.
A group of culture beds are respectively arranged on two sides of the maggot breeding room along the length direction, and the culture beds can be directly paved on the flat ground to form a pool body structure with a certain depth, or directly poured on the flat concrete ground to form the pool body structure with a certain depth. A channel is reserved in the middle of the maggot breeding room, operation is convenient, and a ventilation structure is arranged in the maggot breeding room, so that air in the maggot breeding room can be circulated all the time. But at the same time, a constant temperature structure is arranged in the maggot breeding room, so that the temperature in the maggot breeding room can be kept between 25 and 27 ℃, and the adopted ventilation structure easily influences the indoor constant temperature structure in winter.
In order to keep the breeding efficiency of the fly maggots and simultaneously keep the air circulation in the maggot breeding room, an independent buffer area can be arranged in the maggot breeding room. The area is arranged at the entrance of the door, and an independent space is reserved independently, so that the temperature of the air entering the room can be increased in the area. Meanwhile, the buffer area can facilitate the clothes changing and the disinfection and sterilization operation of operators, the operators entering the maggot raising room can change the clothes in the buffer area,
the method comprises the following specific steps:
1. selecting a proper fly variety for multi-generation cultivation, and selecting and cultivating larvae of excellent fly offspring for cultivation; after selecting seed flies and cultivating for five generations, carrying out large-scale cage cultivation or house cultivation, arranging an egg bed special for the spawning of the flies in a cage or at the lower part in a house, and paving wet sawdust or wet chaff in the egg bed. When the flies are cultivated, 80g of bean flour is fed to every ten thousand flies every day.
2. Managing the livestock manure in a centralized manner;
collecting livestock manure by adopting collection equipment in a farm at regular intervals, and transferring the collected manure to a manure fermentation tank; the excrement of various livestock in the excrement fermenting tank is stirred and then is introduced into the culture bed regularly through a transmission device.
For some large-scale farms or breeding bases, various types of livestock are raised, but the amount of excrement to be treated every day is large, and the excrement can be directly collected and placed in a centralized manner, and then fermented and recycled by fly maggots.
Manure treatment facilities dedicated to collection and treatment may be provided at appropriate locations, and then belt conveyor equipment may be employed for each farmed animal for the timed delivery of manure. Operating personnel carries out regularly excrement and urine clearance operation in factory building or the rail that corresponds, belt transmission equipment's one end just set up in every factory building or rail department that corresponds, empty the excrement and urine of concentrating on the transmission band and transmit to and carry out centralized processing in the excrement and urine fermentation vat.
The manure fermenters may be suitably planned according to the actual fermentation time and site, e.g. 5 days manure fermentation, preferably at least five separate manure fermenters are provided, each manure fermenter being dimensioned for the actual manure throughput, typically the total amount of manure produced by all livestock in the 24h of the farm. If the yield is large, the excrement can be firstly introduced into an unused breeding bed for fermentation, and then eggs are added for hatching. When the excrement fermentation tank is arranged outdoors, in order to avoid the influence of too low temperature on the excrement fermentation efficiency in winter, a layer of polyurethane foam heat-insulating layer is arranged on the inner wall of the excrement fermentation tank when the excrement fermentation tank is established. And a layer of cotton wool is covered on the plastic film covered on the outer surface when the excrement is fermented.
After various excrements of various types of livestock collected regularly enter the same excrement fermenting tank, adding 5-8% of wheat bran, 6-9% of chaff, 7-12% of corn flour, 2-5% of grass meal and 0.3-0.6% of zymocyte stock solution by mass percent according to the total amount of the excrements in the excrement fermenting tank, controlling the water content between 45-58%, stirring for 10-15min, and covering a plastic film for anaerobic fermentation for 3-5 d; stirring for 5-10min at intervals of 12h every morning and evening.
The chaff, the wheat bran and the corn flour can provide organic matters, and the grass meal is used for adjusting the pH value of the fermented excrement. The zymocyte stock solution can provide high-quality zymocyte strains, and compared with powdery strains, the liquid zymocyte solution is convenient to immerse and diffuse. And the chaff, the wheat bran and the corn flour can also have the effect of adjusting the water content.
3. Then transferring the ova to a culture bed, and proportionally supplying the excrement managed in a centralized way to the corresponding culture bed for excrement treatment; the worm eggs are cultured in the established maggot breeding room, and a plurality of culture beds are arranged in the maggot breeding room for processing a plurality of batches of fecal maggots.
Weighing the mixed manure input into a single cultivation bed and stacking the manure into at least three separate manure piles; balancing the cultured worm eggs according to the mass ratio range of the excrement to the worm eggs of 800:1-1200:1, and corresponding to the amount of the mixed excrement in each culture bed; then, uniformly paving the single excrement pile on the surface of the culture bed, subpackaging the weighted ova according to the quantity of the excrement piles, and uniformly arranging one part of the ova on the paved first excrement layer; and stacking the layers of excrement and worm eggs in sequence, and standing the mixture for 3 to 4 days at the indoor temperature of between 25 and 30 ℃ after the laying is finished, so that the excrement and the worm eggs can be separated.
4. After the excrement treatment is finished, separating the larvae from the excrement;
adding wood dust into the processed excrement with fly maggots, mixing, uniformly spreading the mixture on a sieve mesh with the aperture of 4-7mm, controlling the thickness of the excrement with fly maggots to be 5-8mm, and arranging a layer of geotextile on the lower part of the sieve mesh.
Irradiating the upper part of the screen mesh for 15-20min by using an incandescent lamp, manually screening out the residual fly maggots in the excrement and placing the fly maggots on the geotextile, and collecting the excrement screened and remained on the screen mesh as dry fertilizer; and transferring the geotextile onto a cleaning tank, spraying and cleaning maggots carrying the dung flies on the geotextile for 3-5min by adopting flowing water, and collecting the flowing liquid dung as liquid manure.
Collecting fly maggots left on the geotextile, carrying out normal-temperature air drying on the fly maggots, treating the fly maggots as adult fly maggots, cleaning the geotextile for three times, drying the geotextile for later use, merging the cleaned water into water and fertilizer, composting the separated excrement, detecting the excrement, and treating the excrement as organic fertilizer;
the separated larvae are selected for spot inspection and then treated as bait adults, and the obtained fly maggot adults are directly fed to poultry and fish live insects or are stored at the temperature of 12-15 ℃ after being dried. The specific steps of the step G4 are as follows:
The fertilizer obtained in the example 2 is sent to a Sichuan province fertilizer product quality supervision and inspection station for inspection, the MA certification number of the inspection report is 172304090565, the mixture of the provided dry fertilizer and the water fertilizer is dried at 60 ℃ to obtain 1000g of powder as a sample for inspection, and the specific inspection results are as follows:
wherein the detected nutrient content reaches the inspection standard of NY525-2012, and belongs to qualified organic fertilizer; the detected harmful biomass also reaches the national standard GB/T19524.1-2004; the important point is that the content of detected heavy metals and the content of harmful inorganic substances are far lower than the specified values of the national standard NY/T1978-2010, but the content of various heavy metal substances in the original untreated livestock manure is higher than the detected value after treatment through inspection, so that the organic matters in the manure are converted through the treatment of the fly maggots, and the heavy metal substances in the manure can be adsorbed, thereby achieving harmless treatment.
However, the live fly maggots are directly fed or mixed in the feed to feed the livestock, heavy metal substances deposited in the fly maggots possibly enter the livestock, and the detection result is continuously verified if the subsequent livestock meat quality and egg quality are influenced.
In the embodiment, the maggots are directly fed to the bred pheasants and the laying hens bred in the cages, so that the meat quality of the matured pheasants and the eggs of the laying hens are detected, and the detection results are as follows:
according to the detection report of chicken, sampled sample chicken is fed with maggots all the time and killed after growing to the size of finished chicken, 1kg of detection sample is obtained for detection, the detection unit is Chengdu Hua detection technology company, the detection item is mainly to detect antibiotics and heavy metal substances, wherein the heavy metal substances and the antibiotics are detected, the antibiotics comprise chloramphenicol, oxytetracycline, aureomycin, tetracycline, florfenicol, furazolidone metabolites, furaltadone metabolites, furadantin metabolites and furacilin metabolites, and the heavy metal and harmful inorganic substances comprise mercury, lead, inorganic arsenic, cadmium, chromium and the like. Because the fed fly maggots contain the antibacterial peptide and the chitin, the resistance of the broiler chicken can be improved originally, and the feed has a strong sterilization effect. Therefore, the pheasant in the embodiment does not inject any antibiotic, and the pest control effect is good.
The detection items of the eggs are more, the eggs of 2kg of complete laying hens are detected, the detection unit is Chengdu Hua detection technology limited company, the report number is A218011639910100102C, and the specific detection results are as follows:
| Item | Standard requirements | Results |
| Total mercury (mg/kg) | ≤0.03 | Not detected out |
| Lead (mg/kg) | ≤0.1 | Not detected out |
| Inorganic arsenic (mg/kg) | ≤0.05 | Not detected out |
| Cadmium (mg/kg) | ≤0.05 | Not detected out |
| Chromium (mg/kg) | ≤0.1 | Undetected |
| Sixty-six (mg/kg) | ≤0.05 | Undetected |
| Tetracycline (mg/kg) | ≤0.2 | Not detected out |
| Di Bian nasal discharge (mg/kg) | ≤0.05 | Not detected out |
| Aureomycin (mg/kg) | ≤0.2 | Not detected out |
| Oxytetracycline (mg/kg) | ≤0.1 | Not detected out |
| Total number of colonies (CFU/g) | ≤100 | ＜10 |
| Coliform group (MPN/g) | ≤0.3 | ＜0.3 |
| Salmonella (/25g) | Cannot be detected | Not detected out |
| Shigella (/25g) | Cannot be detected | Not detected out |
| Staphylococcus aureus (/25g) | Cannot be detected | Not detected out |
| Hemolytic streptococcus (/25g) | Cannot be detected | Not detected out |
| Sulfamethazine (ug/kg) | / | Not detected out |
| Sulfadiazine (ug/kg) | / | Not detected out |
| Furazolidone metabolites (ug/kg) | / | Not detected out |
The detection result shows that eggs which are easy to enrich harmful substances have more detection items and contain various heavy metal substances, harmful inorganic substances, antibiotics, harmful microorganisms and the like, but most detection values of the detection report result reach the lowest detection limit, and the total number of detected colonies and the value of detected coliform groups are far lower than the standard line.
According to the detection results, the heavy metals in the excrement are absorbed by the fly maggots after the excrement is treated, but the heavy metals do not affect the eggs of the laying hens and the chicken of the pheasants which are fed by the fly maggots.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described alternative embodiments, and various other forms of products can be obtained by anyone in light of the present invention. The above detailed description should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined in the claims, and which the description is intended to be interpreted accordingly.
Claims (5)
1. A method for innocent treatment of livestock manure by fly maggots is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following specific steps:
G1. firstly, selecting a proper fly variety for multi-generation cultivation, and selecting and cultivating larvae of excellent fly offspring for cultivation;
G2. managing the livestock manure in a centralized manner;
G3. then transferring the ova to a culture bed, and proportionally supplying the excrement managed in a centralized way to the corresponding culture bed for excrement treatment;
G4. separating the larvae from the feces after the feces treatment is finished;
G5. composting the separated excrement, detecting and treating the excrement as an organic fertilizer;
G6. the separated larvae are subjected to spot inspection and then treated as bait adults;
the specific process of step G2 is as follows:
(2.1) collecting the livestock manure by adopting collection equipment in a farm at regular intervals, and transferring the collected manure to a manure fermentation tank;
(2.2) stirring the excrement of various livestock in the excrement fermenting tank and then periodically introducing the excrement into a culture bed through a transmission device;
in the step (2.2), after various periodically collected excrements of various livestock enter the same excrement fermenting tank, 5-8% of wheat bran, 6-9% of rice husks, 7-12% of corn flour, 2-5% of grass meal and 0.3-0.6% of zymocyte stock solution are added according to the total mass of the excrements in the excrement fermenting tank, the water content is controlled to be 45-58%, and then the mixture is stirred for 10-15min and then covered with a plastic film for anaerobic fermentation for 3-5 d; stirring for 5-10min at intervals of 12h every morning and evening;
the specific process of step G3 is as follows:
(3.1) weighing the mixed manure input into the single cultivation bed and stacking the manure into at least three separate manure piles;
(3.2) balancing the weight of the cultured worm eggs according to the mass ratio range of the excrement to the worm eggs of 800:1-1200:1, wherein the weight corresponds to the amount of the mixed excrement in each culture bed;
(3.3) uniformly paving the single excrement piles on the surface of the culture bed, subpackaging the weighted eggs according to the quantity of the excrement piles, and uniformly arranging one part of the eggs on the paved first excrement layer;
(3.4) stacking the layers of excrement and worm eggs in sequence, keeping the indoor temperature within the range of 25-30 ℃ after paving is finished, and standing for 3-4 days to separate;
The specific steps of the step G4 are as follows:
(4.1) adding wood chips into the well-treated feces with the fly maggots, mixing, uniformly spreading the mixture on a sieve mesh with the aperture of 4-7mm, controlling the thickness of the feces with the fly maggots to be 5-8mm, and arranging a layer of geotextile on the lower part of the sieve mesh;
(4.2) irradiating the upper part of the screen mesh for 15-20min by using an incandescent lamp, then manually screening out the residual fly maggots in the excrement and placing the fly maggots on the geotextile, and collecting the excrement screened and remained on the screen mesh as dry fertilizer;
(4.3) transferring the geotextile to a cleaning tank, cleaning maggots with dung flies on the geotextile for 3-5min by adopting flowing water spraying, and collecting effluent liquid dung as liquid manure;
and (4.4) collecting the fly maggots left on the geotextile, carrying out normal-temperature air drying on the fly maggots to be used as adult fly maggots for treatment, washing the geotextile for three times, drying the geotextile for later use, and collecting the washed water into the water fertilizer.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: and G3, culturing in the established maggot breeding room, and setting a plurality of culture beds in the maggot breeding room for processing multiple batches of maggots containing feces.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: and G1, selecting seed flies, cultivating for five generations, performing large-scale cage cultivation or house cultivation, arranging an egg bed special for the spawning of the flies in a cage or at the lower part in a house, and paving wet wood chips or wet husks in the egg bed.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in the step G1, 40-100G of soybean powder is fed to every ten thousand flies every day when the flies are cultivated.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: and G6, directly feeding the adult fly maggots obtained in the step G6 to poultry and fish by live worms, or drying and then preserving at the temperature of 12-15 ℃.
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