CN113854021A - Planting method of pecans - Google Patents
Planting method of pecans Download PDFInfo
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- CN113854021A CN113854021A CN202111060388.0A CN202111060388A CN113854021A CN 113854021 A CN113854021 A CN 113854021A CN 202111060388 A CN202111060388 A CN 202111060388A CN 113854021 A CN113854021 A CN 113854021A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B13/00—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials
- C05B13/02—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials from rock phosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method of pecans, which comprises the following steps: selecting land; planting; fertilizing management; trimming; and (6) picking. The pecan planting method is green, efficient, economical and practical. The prepared organic biological compound fertilizer is scientific in proportioning, can meet the nutrition required by the growth of the pecan, and improves the yield and the quality of the pecan.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of plant cultivation and planting, and particularly relates to a planting method of pecans.
Background
Pecan, also called pecan, belongs to pure wild fruits, has thin peel, is easy to peel, tastes fragrant and crisp, and is between common pecan and large walnut. The pecan is rich in nutritional ingredients such as protein and unsaturated fatty acid, and can nourish brain cells, enhance brain function, prevent arteriosclerosis, relieve fatigue and the like; in addition, it also contains abundant vitamin E, and has health promotion effect on skin and hair. The pecan trees are cold-resistant and shade-resistant, and have higher requirements on soil fertility, trace elements and water content in planting, so that the improvement of the water and fertilizer retention capacity of planting soil and the improvement of the dynamic balance of beneficial microorganism propagation and plant growth of soil plough layers are very important for improving the yield and quality of the pecans.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above drawbacks of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for planting pecans.
A planting method of pecans comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection: selecting soil with fertile soil, sufficient water source and sufficient sunlight for planting;
(2) planting: the row spacing is 0.5-2m, the spacing between two planting holes is 1-2m, the range of the planting holes is 100cm multiplied by 150cm, and composite soil with the thickness of 30-40cm is filled; putting young pecan plants, filling 1-2cm of organic biological compound fertilizer, filling 30-50cm of composite soil, filling 5-8cm of organic biological compound fertilizer, filling 40-50cm of composite soil, filling 3-5cm of organic biological compound fertilizer, filling the composite soil for field planting, fixing tree trays after field planting, and watering, wherein the water amount for each time is 300 mL/plant;
(3) fertilization management: applying the organic biological compound fertilizer once every 20-25 days 1-5 months after planting, wherein the fertilizer application amount is 160 g/plant; after 5 months of planting, applying the organic biological compound fertilizer once every 50-60 days, wherein the fertilizer application amount is 200-280 g/plant;
(4) trimming;
(5) and (6) picking.
The composite soil in the step (2) is yellow soil, coconut soil, river mud and diatomite according to the mass ratio of (4-5): (0.5-1): (1-2): (1-2) mixing; preferably, the composite soil in the step (2) is yellow soil, coconut soil, river mud and functionalized diatomite according to a mass ratio of (4-5): (0.5-1): (1-2): (1-2) mixing.
The preparation method of the functionalized diatomite comprises the following steps:
adding diatomite into a 20-25 wt% sulfuric acid aqueous solution according to a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1g (5-15) mL, uniformly mixing, performing ultrasonic treatment at 35-45kHz and 500W for 20-30min, centrifuging, taking out the precipitate, drying, adding dolomite powder, uniformly mixing, calcining at 600-700 ℃ for 30-50min, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a premix, wherein the mass ratio of the dolomite powder to the diatomite is (1-2): 10; adding lignin, copperas, zinc gluconate and potassium humate into water, and uniformly mixing, wherein the mass ratio of the lignin, the copperas, the zinc gluconate, the potassium humate and the water is (1-2): (0.5-1): (0.1-0.5): 0.1-0.3): 15-20); adding premix, stirring at 50-60 deg.C and 50-100rpm for 10-20min, wherein the mass ratio of the premix and lignin is 10 (1-2); filtering, drying the filter residue, and grinding to 100-200 meshes.
The organic biological compound fertilizer in the step (2) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of organic fertilizer, 10-15 parts of inorganic fertilizer and 1-2 parts of liquid microbial agent.
The preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: adding 0.5-1 part by weight of citric acid chelated copper, 0.5-1 part by weight of citric acid chelated zinc, 0.5-1 part by weight of EDTA chelated iron, 0.5-1 part by weight of EDTA chelated manganese, 2-4 parts by weight of composite vitamin, 10-15 parts by weight of peanut shell biochar, 5-10 parts by weight of rapeseed cake, 5-10 parts by weight of bean cake, 15-20 parts by weight of cow dung and 15-20 parts by weight of pig dung into 10-15 parts by weight of water for uniform mixing to obtain a mixed material; the mixed materials are placed at 120 ℃ for reaction for 0.5-1h, and then placed under ultraviolet light with the wavelength of 240-280nm for irradiation for 2-3h to obtain the organic fertilizer.
The inorganic fertilizer is prepared from urea, potassium oxalate and calcium magnesium phosphate according to the mass ratio of (4-5): (1-2): (4-5) mixing.
The liquid microbial agent consists of a microbial agent and a culture medium, wherein the inoculation amount of Burkholderia in the liquid microbial agent is 1-3 hundred million cfu/g of the culture medium, the inoculation amount of Bacillus subtilis is 1-3 hundred million cfu/g of the culture medium, and the inoculation amount of azotobacter bailii is 1-3 hundred million cfu/g of the culture medium.
The culture medium is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.7-0.8% of corn steep liquor dry powder, 2.4-3.6% of peptone, 0.3-0.5% of glutathione, 1.6-1.78% of KH2PO41 and the balance of water; the pH value is 7.0-7.2, and the sterilization is carried out at the temperature of 110 ℃ and 121 ℃ for 10-20 min.
The composite soil is adopted, yellow soil of a growing land is taken as a base, and coconut soil, river mud and diatomite with certain weight are matched, so that the water storage capacity and air permeability of the soil can be greatly improved, the growth of roots of jatropha curcas is facilitated, and root rot is prevented. Meanwhile, the river mud is rich in nutrient components required by plant growth, various organic matter decomposition strains and a microbial agent, and promotes the decomposition of organic matters in cooperation with the microbial agent, so that the pecan trees can absorb the organic matters conveniently.
The formula of the organic compound fertilizer is improved, and the organic chelated copper, iron, zinc, manganese and compound vitamin are added, so that the immunity of the pecan trees is improved, and the capability of resisting diseases and insect pests is improved; can also improve the nutrient content in the pecan and the yield.
Further, the organic biological compound fertilizer in the step (2) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of organic fertilizer, 10-15 parts of inorganic fertilizer and 1-2 parts of microbial agent microcapsule.
The preparation method of the microbial agent microcapsule comprises the following steps: under the magnetic stirring condition of 300-500r/min at the temperature of 35-40 ℃, adding 1-2 wt% of gamma-polyglutamic acid aqueous solution, 1-2 wt% of beta-cyclodextrin aqueous solution and 1-3 wt% of propylene glycol monolaurate aqueous solution into liquid microbial agent, and uniformly stirring to obtain microbial capsule solution; and then carrying out polar emulsification treatment for 5-10min by adopting a high-speed shearing dispersion emulsifying machine with the rotating speed of 6000-10000r/min, and carrying out spray drying to obtain the microbial agent microcapsule, wherein the liquid microbial agent: aqueous solution of γ -polyglutamic acid: aqueous solution of β -cyclodextrin: the volume ratio of the propylene glycol monolaurate aqueous solution is (1-3): 1: (0.1-5): (1-2).
The Burkholderia and the bacillus subtilis can degrade phosphorus and potassium to provide nutrient substances for crops; the azotobacter bailii can supplement nitrogen for the growth of plant roots in a nitrogen fixation mode. The gamma-polyglutamic acid is one of amino acids, is easy to degrade and has good compatibility with the environment, and the gamma-polyglutamic acid, the beta-cyclodextrin and the propylene glycol monolaurate are used as raw materials to embed the liquid microbial agent by adopting a microcapsule technology, so that on one hand, microorganisms are effectively protected from high temperature and mechanical damage, on the other hand, the survival of the liquid microbial agent in a high-nutrient fertilizer is ensured, the liquid microbial agent can be slowly released, and the microorganisms existing in soil for a long time are ensured.
Further, the organic biological compound fertilizer in the step (2) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of organic fertilizer, 10-15 parts of inorganic fertilizer and 1-2 parts of microbial agent microcapsule.
The preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: adding 0.5-1 part by weight of citric acid chelated copper, 0.5-1 part by weight of citric acid chelated zinc, 0.5-1 part by weight of EDTA chelated iron, 0.5-1 part by weight of EDTA chelated manganese, 2-4 parts by weight of composite vitamin, 10-15 parts by weight of modified peanut shell biochar, 5-10 parts by weight of rapeseed cake, 5-10 parts by weight of bean cake, 15-20 parts by weight of cow dung and 15-20 parts by weight of pig dung into 10-15 parts by weight of water for uniform mixing to obtain a mixed material; the mixed materials are placed at 120 ℃ for reaction for 0.5-1h, and then placed under ultraviolet light with the wavelength of 240-280nm for irradiation for 2-3h to obtain the organic fertilizer.
The preparation method of the modified peanut shell biochar comprises the following steps:
s1, drying and crushing the peanut shells, then carrying out high-temperature thermal cracking carbonization treatment in a furnace with the temperature of 400-600 ℃ for 1-3 hours, and cooling and crushing to obtain the peanut shell biochar;
s2, adding the peanut shell biochar obtained in S1 and gamma-aminoethyl aminopropyl trimethoxy silane into water, uniformly stirring, then adding polyaspartic acid, polyethylene glycol, aminated chitosan, fulvic acid and an active monomer under stirring at the temperature of 50-70 ℃ and the rotating speed of 300-600r/min, reacting for 6-12h, centrifuging after the reaction is finished, taking precipitate, and drying to obtain the modified peanut shell biochar, wherein the mass ratio of the peanut shell biochar to the gamma-aminoethyl aminopropyl trimethoxy silane is 1: (3-6); the mass ratio of the peanut shell biochar to the polyaspartic acid to the polyethylene glycol to the active monomer is 1: (1-3): (0.5-2): (3-5); the mass ratio of the polyaspartic acid to the aminated chitosan to the fulvic acid is (1-6): (1-3): (0.5-2).
The active monomer is hydroxy cellulose and/or hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate. Preferably, the active monomer is prepared from hydroxy cellulose and hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate according to the mass ratio of (1-3): (1-3) mixing.
The preparation method of the organic biological compound fertilizer comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing an organic fertilizer, an inorganic fertilizer and a liquid microbial agent/microbial agent microcapsule, granulating by a granulator, drying, cooling and screening to obtain the organic biological compound fertilizer.
The peanut shell biochar is prepared by taking peanut shells as raw materials, is loose and porous, has large specific surface area and good adsorbability, meanwhile, gamma-aminoethyl aminopropyl trimethoxy silane, polyaspartic acid, polyethylene glycol, aminated chitosan, fulvic acid, hydroxy cellulose and hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate are used as raw materials to modify the peanut shell biochar, the gamma-aminoethyl aminopropyl trimethoxy silane is coupled with the peanut shell biochar, fulvic acid and polyaspartic acid to form a net-shaped cross-linked structure, carboxyl in the polyaspartic acid interacts with hydroxyl in the hydroxy cellulose and hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate, and amino in the aminated chitosan to retain the properties of cellulose, starch and glucan, so that the chitosan, the starch and the glucan are not easy to degrade, and further obviously improving the content of nutrient substances in the soil, improving the soil structure and improving the water and fertilizer retention capability of the soil. The existence of the starch and the glucan provides a carbon source, a nitrogen source and energy for the microorganisms released in the microbial agent microcapsule, and is beneficial to the propagation of the microorganisms. The hydroxycellulose, the hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate, the citric acid chelated copper, the citric acid chelated zinc, the EDTA chelated iron, the EDTA chelated manganese and the compound vitamin mixture are combined, and have a synergistic effect, so that the compound vitamin fertilizer has strong adsorbability, prevents the loss of nutrient substances in the mixed fertilizer, is further absorbed by plants, and enables the development of plant roots to be good. The modified peanut shell charcoal obviously improves the ground temperature, promotes the rapid growth of the pecan seedlings, can also improve the nutrient content in the pecans and improve the yield.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the pecan planting method is green, efficient, economical and practical. The prepared organic biological compound fertilizer is scientific in proportioning, can meet the nutrition required by the growth of the pecan, and improves the yield and the quality of the pecan.
Detailed Description
The above summary of the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments, but it should not be understood that the scope of the above subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following examples.
The pecan seedlings are purchased from Taian to Chengning Nursery stock planting Co Ltd, and the seedling age is two years.
The yellow soil has 3.50 percent of organic matters, and the soil of the mountain forest is not cultivated in the New North region of the Changzhou city in the spring river town.
Coconut soil, goods number: 463563563, Shanghai Wao Green commercial force supplier.
River mud, organic matter component is 65%, local lake of spring river town of new north area of Hezhou city.
Diatomaceous earth, cat No.: 890, 200 mesh, Ganshou Tianlong mineral processing factory.
Dolomite powder, cargo number: 6875, 400 mesh, Shanghai county China silicon mining Co., Ltd.
Citric acid chelated copper, CAS number: 10402-15-0, corridor house Peng color Fine chemical Co.
Zinc citrate chelate, CAS No.: 5990-32-9, product number: 879703, Wuhan Borun science and technology, Inc.
EDTA chelated iron, CAS number: 5990-32-9, 21265-50-9, product number: 934954, Wuhan Borun science and technology, Inc.
EDTA chelated manganese, CAS number: 15375-84-5, product number: 902231, Wuhan Borun science and technology, Inc.
Vitamin complex, main component analysis assurance value: (per kg content) vitamin a: IU1100000, vitamin D3: IU320000, niacin: 7800mg, vitamin E: 2500mg, vitamin B1: 1000mg, biotin: 8mg, vitamin B2: 2000mg, vitamin B6: 1000mg, folic acid: 400mg, vitamin B12: 125mg, vitamin C: 18000mg, enzyme: 1000mg, potassium: 1.1%, salt: 4.5%, methionine: 400mg, water content less than or equal to 10 percent, purity: 99%, zhengzhou hectorite food additives limited.
Peanut shell powder, 0.61% of calcium, 0.09% of phosphorus, 59.8% of crude fiber and Wu-II Shijiazhuang agriculture plantation Co.
Rapeseed cake, carbon content 45.26%, nitrogen content 4.65%, Hebei Movos mineral products trade company Limited.
Bean cake, 43.24% carbon content, 3.31% nitrogen content, Shandong Meng chemical company Limited.
The cow dung contains 36.76% of carbon and 2.19% of nitrogen, and is used in the local cattle farm of the spring river town in the new northern region of Hezhou city.
The pig manure contains 38.34% of carbon and 2.837% of nitrogen, and is used in a local pig farm of spring river town in New North region of Hezhou city.
Urea, CAS No.: 57-13-6, Shandong Meng chemical Co., Ltd.
Potassium oxalate, CAS number: 6487-48-5, Jiangsu Zhengxuan Fine chemical Co., Ltd.
A Ca-Mg-P fertilizer containing phosphate radical (PO)4 3-) The aluminosilicate glass body of (1), the main component comprises Ca3(PO4)2、CaSiO3、MgSiO3、P2O514-12% of CaO, 25-30% of SiO240% of MgO, 5% of MgO and Jinanhao melt chemical company Limited.
Burkholderia, Latin scientific name: burkholderia grimmiae, deposit number: CGMCC No 1.11013, preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center.
Bacillus subtilis, the university name latin: bacillus subtilis with the strain preservation number of CGMCC No. 1.821 is preserved in the China general microbiological culture Collection center.
Azotobacter bailii, the scientific name of latin: azotobacter beijerinckii, strain accession number: CGMCC No 1.9044, preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center.
Corn steep liquor dry powder, CAS: 66071-94-1, Nanjing Doulele Biotechnology, Inc.
Peptone, CAS: 73049-73-7, Shandong Haoyao New Material Co., Ltd.
Glutathione, CAS: 70-18-8, Jiangsu Bai Yao Biotech limited.
Polyaspartic acid, CAS: 25608-40-6, molecular weight: 4000-: 99% from sinceri biotechnology limited, shanghai.
Polyethylene glycol, PEG-2000, CAS: 25322-68-3, purchased from Nanjing chemical reagents, Inc.
The preparation method of the aminated chitosan in the embodiment comprises the following steps: dissolving 2g of chitosan in 100mL of hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 0.1mol/L, adjusting the pH value to 5.0, sequentially adding ethylenediamine and carbodiimide, stirring and reacting for 6 hours at 37 ℃ by using a magnetic stirrer, filling a reaction product into a dialysis bag with the molecular weight cutoff of 3500, putting the dialysis bag into acidic deionized water with the pH value of 5, dialyzing for 48 hours, and removing the unreacted ethylenediamine and carbodiimide; freeze drying at-60 deg.C for 48 hr to obtain aminated chitosan; wherein the mass ratio of the ethylene diamine to the carboxyl substances on the carbon chain of the chitosan is 25: 1; the ratio of the amounts of carbodiimide to the amount of material of carboxyl groups on the carbon chain of chitosan was 2: 1.
Hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate, CAS: 53124-00-8, purity: 99% of the total amount of the Chinese herbal medicines purchased from Wuhan, the science and technology company Limited.
Hydroxycellulose, CAS: 9004-62-0, cat number: YZR7015, purchased from shanghai yanzun biotechnology limited.
KH2PO4CAS: 7778-77-0; fulvic acid, CAS: 479-66-3; gamma-aminoethylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane, CAS: 1760-24-3; lignin, CAS: 8068-05-1; copperas, CAS: 13463-43-9; zinc gluconate, CAS: 4468-02-4; potassium humate, CAS: 68514-28-3.
Example 1
A planting method of pecans comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection: selecting soil with fertile soil, sufficient water source and sufficient sunlight for planting;
(2) planting: the row spacing is 1m, the spacing between two planting holes is 1m, the range of the planting holes is 100cm multiplied by 150cm, and composite soil with the thickness of 30cm is filled; putting young pecan plants, filling 2cm of organic biological compound fertilizer, filling 40cm of compound soil, filling 8cm of organic biological compound fertilizer, filling 50cm of compound soil, filling 5cm of organic biological compound fertilizer, filling the compound soil for field planting, fixing tree trays after field planting, and watering, wherein the watering amount is 250 mL/plant each time;
the composite soil is yellow soil, coconut soil, river mud and diatomite according to a mass ratio of 5: 0.5: 2:1, mixing;
(3) fertilization management: applying the organic biological compound fertilizer 1-5 months after planting every 25 days, wherein the amount of fertilizer application is 120 g/plant; after the planting of the plants, applying the organic biological compound fertilizer once every 60 days, wherein the fertilizer application amount is 240 g/plant;
(4) trimming;
(5) and (6) picking.
The organic biological compound fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of organic fertilizer, 15 parts of inorganic fertilizer and 1.5 parts of liquid microbial agent. The preparation method of the organic biological compound fertilizer comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing an organic fertilizer, an inorganic fertilizer and a liquid microbial agent, granulating by a granulator, drying, cooling and screening to obtain the organic biological compound fertilizer.
The preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: adding 0.6 part by weight of citric acid chelated copper, 0.8 part by weight of citric acid chelated zinc, 0.6 part by weight of EDTA chelated iron, 0.5 part by weight of EDTA chelated manganese, 3 parts by weight of composite vitamin, 10 parts by weight of peanut shell biochar, 5 parts by weight of rapeseed cake, 10 parts by weight of bean cake, 20 parts by weight of cow dung and 20 parts by weight of pig dung into 15 parts by weight of water, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material; and (3) placing the mixed materials at 120 ℃ for reaction for 1h, and then placing the mixture under ultraviolet light with the wavelength of 257nm for irradiation for 2h to obtain the organic fertilizer.
The inorganic fertilizer is prepared from urea, potassium oxalate and calcium magnesium phosphate according to a mass ratio of 5: 2: 4, and mixing.
The liquid microbial agent consists of a microbial agent and a culture medium, wherein the inoculation amount of Burkholderia in the liquid microbial agent is 2 hundred million cfu/g of the culture medium, the inoculation amount of Bacillus subtilis is 2 hundred million cfu/g of the culture medium, and the inoculation amount of azotobacter bailii is 2 hundred million cfu/g of the culture medium.
The culture medium is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.8% of corn steep liquor dry powder, 2.4% of peptone, 0.4% of glutathione and KH2PO41.2 percent and the balance of water; sterilizing at 120 deg.C for 15min with pH of 7.0.
Comparative example 1
A planting method of pecans comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection: selecting soil with fertile soil, sufficient water source and sufficient sunlight for planting;
(2) planting: the row spacing is 1m, the spacing between two planting holes is 1m, the range of the planting holes is 100cm multiplied by 150cm, and soil with the thickness of 30cm is filled; putting young pecan plants, filling 2cm of organic biological compound fertilizer, filling 40cm of soil, filling 8cm of organic biological compound fertilizer, filling 50cm of soil, filling 5cm of organic biological compound fertilizer, filling soil for field planting, fixing tree trays after field planting, and watering, wherein the water amount is 250 mL/plant each time;
the composite soil is yellow soil, coconut soil, river mud and diatomite according to a mass ratio of 5: 0.5: 2:1, mixing;
(3) fertilization management: applying the organic biological compound fertilizer 1-5 months after planting every 25 days, wherein the amount of fertilizer application is 120 g/plant; after the planting of the plants, applying the organic biological compound fertilizer once every 60 days, wherein the fertilizer application amount is 240 g/plant;
(4) trimming;
(5) and (6) picking.
The organic biological compound fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of organic fertilizer, 15 parts of inorganic fertilizer and 1.5 parts of liquid microbial agent. The preparation method of the organic biological compound fertilizer comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing an organic fertilizer, an inorganic fertilizer and a liquid microbial agent, granulating by a granulator, drying, cooling and screening to obtain the organic biological compound fertilizer.
The preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: adding 0.6 part by weight of citric acid chelated copper, 0.8 part by weight of citric acid chelated zinc, 0.6 part by weight of EDTA chelated iron, 0.5 part by weight of EDTA chelated manganese, 3 parts by weight of composite vitamin, 10 parts by weight of peanut shell biochar, 5 parts by weight of rapeseed cake, 10 parts by weight of bean cake, 20 parts by weight of cow dung and 20 parts by weight of pig dung into 15 parts by weight of water, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material; and (3) placing the mixed materials at 120 ℃ for reaction for 1h, and then placing the mixture under ultraviolet light with the wavelength of 257nm for irradiation for 2h to obtain the organic fertilizer.
The inorganic fertilizer is prepared from urea, potassium oxalate and calcium magnesium phosphate according to a mass ratio of 5: 2: 4, and mixing.
The liquid microbial agent consists of a microbial agent and a culture medium, wherein the inoculation amount of Burkholderia in the liquid microbial agent is 2 hundred million cfu/g of the culture medium, the inoculation amount of Bacillus subtilis is 2 hundred million cfu/g of the culture medium, and the inoculation amount of azotobacter bailii is 2 hundred million cfu/g of the culture medium.
The culture medium is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.8% of corn steep liquor dry powder, 2.4% of peptone, 0.4% of glutathione and KH2PO41.2 percent and the balance of water; sterilizing at 120 deg.C for 15min with pH of 7.0.
Example 2
A planting method of pecans comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection: selecting soil with fertile soil, sufficient water source and sufficient sunlight for planting;
(2) planting: the row spacing is 1m, the spacing between two planting holes is 1m, the range of the planting holes is 100cm multiplied by 150cm, and composite soil with the thickness of 30cm is filled; putting young pecan plants, filling 2cm of organic biological compound fertilizer, filling 40cm of compound soil, filling 8cm of organic biological compound fertilizer, filling 50cm of compound soil, filling 5cm of organic biological compound fertilizer, filling the compound soil for field planting, fixing tree trays after field planting, and watering, wherein the watering amount is 250 mL/plant each time;
the composite soil is yellow soil, coconut soil, river mud and diatomite according to a mass ratio of 5: 0.5: 2:1, mixing;
(3) fertilization management: applying the organic biological compound fertilizer 1-5 months after planting every 25 days, wherein the amount of fertilizer application is 120 g/plant; after the planting of the plants, applying the organic biological compound fertilizer once every 60 days, wherein the fertilizer application amount is 240 g/plant;
(4) trimming;
(5) and (6) picking.
The organic biological compound fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of organic fertilizer, 15 parts of inorganic fertilizer and 1.5 parts of microbial agent microcapsule. The preparation method of the organic biological compound fertilizer comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer, the inorganic fertilizer and the microbial agent microcapsule, granulating by a granulator, drying, cooling and screening to obtain the organic biological compound fertilizer.
The preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: adding 0.6 part by weight of citric acid chelated copper, 0.8 part by weight of citric acid chelated zinc, 0.6 part by weight of EDTA chelated iron, 0.5 part by weight of EDTA chelated manganese, 3 parts by weight of composite vitamin, 10 parts by weight of peanut shell biochar, 5 parts by weight of rapeseed cake, 10 parts by weight of bean cake, 20 parts by weight of cow dung and 20 parts by weight of pig dung into 15 parts by weight of water, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material; and (3) placing the mixed materials at 120 ℃ for reaction for 1h, and then placing the mixture under ultraviolet light with the wavelength of 257nm for irradiation for 2h to obtain the organic fertilizer.
The inorganic fertilizer is prepared from urea, potassium oxalate and calcium magnesium phosphate according to a mass ratio of 5: 2: 4, and mixing.
The preparation method of the microbial agent microcapsule comprises the following steps: under the magnetic stirring condition of 400r/min at 37 ℃, adding 1.5 wt% of gamma-polyglutamic acid aqueous solution, 1 wt% of beta-cyclodextrin aqueous solution and 1 wt% of propylene glycol monolaurate aqueous solution into liquid microbial agent, and uniformly stirring to obtain microbial capsule solution; and then carrying out polar emulsification treatment for 10min by adopting a high-speed shearing dispersion emulsifying machine with the rotating speed of 6000r/min, and carrying out spray drying to obtain a microbial agent microcapsule, wherein the liquid microbial agent: aqueous solution of γ -polyglutamic acid: aqueous solution of β -cyclodextrin: the volume ratio of the propylene glycol monolaurate aqueous solution is 3: 1:0.5: 1.
the liquid microbial agent consists of a microbial agent and a culture medium, wherein the inoculation amount of Burkholderia in the liquid microbial agent is 2 hundred million cfu/g of the culture medium, the inoculation amount of Bacillus subtilis is 2 hundred million cfu/g of the culture medium, and the inoculation amount of azotobacter bailii is 2 hundred million cfu/g of the culture medium.
The culture medium is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.8% of corn steep liquor dry powder, 2.4% of peptone, 0.4% of glutathione and KH2PO41.2 percent and the balance of water; sterilizing at 120 deg.C for 15min with pH of 7.0.
Example 3
A planting method of pecans comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection: selecting soil with fertile soil, sufficient water source and sufficient sunlight for planting;
(2) planting: the row spacing is 1m, the spacing between two planting holes is 1m, the range of the planting holes is 100cm multiplied by 150cm, and composite soil with the thickness of 30cm is filled; putting young pecan plants, filling 2cm of organic biological compound fertilizer, filling 40cm of compound soil, filling 8cm of organic biological compound fertilizer, filling 50cm of compound soil, filling 5cm of organic biological compound fertilizer, filling the compound soil for field planting, fixing tree trays after field planting, and watering, wherein the watering amount is 250 mL/plant each time;
the composite soil is yellow soil, coconut soil, river mud and diatomite according to a mass ratio of 5: 0.5: 2:1, mixing;
(3) fertilization management: applying organic biological compound fertilizer once every 25 days 1-5 months after planting, wherein the fertilizing amount is 120 g/plant each time; after the planting for 5 months, applying the organic biological compound fertilizer once every 60 days, wherein the fertilizing amount is 240 g/plant each time;
(4) trimming;
(5) and (6) picking.
The organic biological compound fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of organic fertilizer, 15 parts of inorganic fertilizer and 1.5 parts of microbial agent microcapsule. The preparation method of the organic biological compound fertilizer comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer, the inorganic fertilizer and the microbial agent microcapsule, granulating by a granulator, drying, cooling and screening to obtain the organic biological compound fertilizer.
The preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: adding 0.6 part by weight of citric acid chelated copper, 0.8 part by weight of citric acid chelated zinc, 0.6 part by weight of EDTA chelated iron, 0.5 part by weight of EDTA chelated manganese, 3 parts by weight of composite vitamin, 10 parts by weight of modified peanut shell biochar, 5 parts by weight of rapeseed cake, 10 parts by weight of bean cake, 20 parts by weight of cow dung and 20 parts by weight of pig dung into 15 parts by weight of water, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material; and (3) placing the mixed materials at 120 ℃ for reaction for 1h, and then placing the mixture under ultraviolet light with the wavelength of 257nm for irradiation for 2h to obtain the organic fertilizer.
The inorganic fertilizer is prepared from urea, potassium oxalate and calcium magnesium phosphate according to a mass ratio of 5: 2: 4, and mixing.
The preparation method of the microbial agent microcapsule comprises the following steps: under the magnetic stirring condition of 400r/min at 37 ℃, adding 1.5 wt% of gamma-polyglutamic acid aqueous solution, 1 wt% of beta-cyclodextrin aqueous solution and 1 wt% of propylene glycol monolaurate aqueous solution into liquid microbial agent, and uniformly stirring to obtain microbial capsule solution; and then carrying out polar emulsification treatment for 10min by adopting a high-speed shearing dispersion emulsifying machine with the rotating speed of 6000r/min, and carrying out spray drying to obtain a microbial agent microcapsule, wherein the liquid microbial agent: aqueous solution of γ -polyglutamic acid: aqueous solution of β -cyclodextrin: the volume ratio of the propylene glycol monolaurate aqueous solution is 3: 1:0.5: 1.
the liquid microbial agent consists of a microbial agent and a culture medium, wherein the inoculation amount of Burkholderia in the liquid microbial agent is 2 hundred million cfu/g of the culture medium, the inoculation amount of Bacillus subtilis is 2 hundred million cfu/g of the culture medium, and the inoculation amount of azotobacter bailii is 2 hundred million cfu/g of the culture medium.
The culture medium is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.8% of corn steep liquor dry powder, 2.4% of peptone, 0.4% of glutathione and KH2PO41.2 percent and the balance of water; sterilizing at 120 deg.C for 15min with pH of 7.0.
The preparation method of the modified peanut shell biochar comprises the following steps:
s1, drying and crushing the peanut shells, then carrying out high-temperature thermal cracking carbonization treatment for 2 hours in a furnace at 500 ℃, and cooling and crushing to obtain the peanut shell biochar;
s2, adding the peanut shell biochar obtained in S1 and gamma-aminoethyl aminopropyltrimethoxysilane into water, uniformly stirring, then adding polyaspartic acid, polyethylene glycol, aminated chitosan, fulvic acid and an active monomer under stirring at the temperature of 60 ℃ and the rotating speed of 500r/min, reacting for 8 hours, centrifuging after the reaction is finished, taking precipitate, and drying to obtain the modified peanut shell biochar, wherein the mass ratio of the peanut shell biochar to the gamma-aminoethyl aminopropyltrimethoxysilane is 1: 3; the mass ratio of the peanut shell biochar to the polyaspartic acid to the polyethylene glycol to the active monomer is 1: 2: 0.5: 4; the mass ratio of the polyaspartic acid to the aminated chitosan to the fulvic acid is 1: 3: 1.
the active monomer is prepared from hydroxy cellulose and hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate according to a mass ratio of 1:1 are mixed.
Example 4
Essentially the same as example 3, except that: the preparation method of the modified peanut shell biochar comprises the following steps:
s1, drying and crushing the peanut shells, then carrying out high-temperature thermal cracking carbonization treatment for 2 hours in a furnace at 500 ℃, and cooling and crushing to obtain the peanut shell biochar;
s2, adding the peanut shell biochar obtained in S1 and gamma-aminoethyl aminopropyltrimethoxysilane into water, uniformly stirring, then adding polyaspartic acid, polyethylene glycol, aminated chitosan, fulvic acid and an active monomer under stirring at the temperature of 60 ℃ and the rotating speed of 500r/min, reacting for 8 hours, centrifuging after the reaction is finished, taking precipitate, and drying to obtain the modified peanut shell biochar, wherein the mass ratio of the peanut shell biochar to the gamma-aminoethyl aminopropyltrimethoxysilane is 1: 3; the mass ratio of the peanut shell biochar to the polyaspartic acid to the polyethylene glycol to the active monomer is 1: 2: 0.5: 4; the mass ratio of the polyaspartic acid to the aminated chitosan to the fulvic acid is 1: 3: 1.
the active monomer is hydroxy cellulose.
Example 5
Essentially the same as example 3, except that: the preparation method of the modified peanut shell biochar comprises the following steps:
s1, drying and crushing the peanut shells, then carrying out high-temperature thermal cracking carbonization treatment for 2 hours in a furnace at 500 ℃, and cooling and crushing to obtain the peanut shell biochar;
s2, adding the peanut shell biochar obtained in S1 and gamma-aminoethyl aminopropyltrimethoxysilane into water, uniformly stirring, then adding polyaspartic acid, polyethylene glycol, aminated chitosan, fulvic acid and an active monomer under stirring at the temperature of 60 ℃ and the rotating speed of 500r/min, reacting for 8 hours, centrifuging after the reaction is finished, taking precipitate, and drying to obtain the modified peanut shell biochar, wherein the mass ratio of the peanut shell biochar to the gamma-aminoethyl aminopropyltrimethoxysilane is 1: 3; the mass ratio of the peanut shell biochar to the polyaspartic acid to the polyethylene glycol to the active monomer is 1: 2: 0.5: 4; the mass ratio of the polyaspartic acid to the aminated chitosan to the fulvic acid is 1: 3: 1.
the active monomer is hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate.
Example 6
A planting method of pecans comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection: selecting soil with fertile soil, sufficient water source and sufficient sunlight for planting;
(2) planting: the row spacing is 1m, the spacing between two planting holes is 1m, the range of the planting holes is 100cm multiplied by 150cm, and composite soil with the thickness of 30cm is filled; putting young pecan plants, filling 2cm of organic biological compound fertilizer, filling 40cm of compound soil, filling 8cm of organic biological compound fertilizer, filling 50cm of compound soil, filling 5cm of organic biological compound fertilizer, filling the compound soil for field planting, fixing tree trays after field planting, and watering, wherein the watering amount is 250 mL/plant each time;
the composite soil is yellow soil, coconut soil, river mud and functionalized diatomite according to a mass ratio of 5: 0.5: 2:1, mixing;
(3) fertilization management: applying organic biological compound fertilizer once every 25 days 1-5 months after planting, wherein the fertilizing amount is 120 g/plant each time; after the planting for 5 months, applying the organic biological compound fertilizer once every 60 days, wherein the fertilizing amount is 240 g/plant each time;
(4) trimming;
(5) and (6) picking.
The preparation method of the functionalized diatomite comprises the following steps:
adding diatomite into a 22 wt% sulfuric acid aqueous solution according to a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1g:10mL, uniformly mixing, performing ultrasonic treatment at 40kHz and 350W for 25min, centrifuging, taking out a precipitate, drying, adding dolomite powder, uniformly mixing, calcining at 650 ℃ for 35min, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a premix, wherein the mass ratio of the dolomite powder to the diatomite is 1: 10; adding lignin, copperas, zinc gluconate and potassium humate into water, and uniformly mixing, wherein the mass ratio of the lignin, the copperas, the zinc gluconate, the potassium humate to the water is 1:0.5:0.3:0.2: 20; adding a premix, and stirring at 58 ℃ and 80rpm for 15min, wherein the mass ratio of the premix to the lignin is 10: 1; filtering, drying the filter residue, and grinding to 200 meshes to obtain the product.
The organic biological compound fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of organic fertilizer, 15 parts of inorganic fertilizer and 1.5 parts of microbial agent microcapsule. The preparation method of the organic biological compound fertilizer comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer, the inorganic fertilizer and the microbial agent microcapsule, granulating by a granulator, drying, cooling and screening to obtain the organic biological compound fertilizer.
The preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: adding 0.6 part by weight of citric acid chelated copper, 0.8 part by weight of citric acid chelated zinc, 0.6 part by weight of EDTA chelated iron, 0.5 part by weight of EDTA chelated manganese, 3 parts by weight of composite vitamin, 10 parts by weight of modified peanut shell biochar, 5 parts by weight of rapeseed cake, 10 parts by weight of bean cake, 20 parts by weight of cow dung and 20 parts by weight of pig dung into 15 parts by weight of water, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material; and (3) placing the mixed materials at 120 ℃ for reaction for 1h, and then placing the mixture under ultraviolet light with the wavelength of 257nm for irradiation for 2h to obtain the organic fertilizer.
The inorganic fertilizer is prepared from urea, potassium oxalate and calcium magnesium phosphate according to a mass ratio of 5: 2: 4, and mixing.
The preparation method of the microbial agent microcapsule comprises the following steps: under the magnetic stirring condition of 400r/min at 37 ℃, adding 1.5 wt% of gamma-polyglutamic acid aqueous solution, 1 wt% of beta-cyclodextrin aqueous solution and 1 wt% of propylene glycol monolaurate aqueous solution into liquid microbial agent, and uniformly stirring to obtain microbial capsule solution; and then carrying out polar emulsification treatment for 10min by adopting a high-speed shearing dispersion emulsifying machine with the rotating speed of 6000r/min, and carrying out spray drying to obtain a microbial agent microcapsule, wherein the liquid microbial agent: aqueous solution of γ -polyglutamic acid: aqueous solution of β -cyclodextrin: the volume ratio of the propylene glycol monolaurate aqueous solution is 3: 1:0.5: 1.
the liquid microbial agent consists of a microbial agent and a culture medium, wherein the inoculation amount of Burkholderia in the liquid microbial agent is 2 hundred million cfu/g of the culture medium, the inoculation amount of Bacillus subtilis is 2 hundred million cfu/g of the culture medium, and the inoculation amount of azotobacter bailii is 2 hundred million cfu/g of the culture medium.
The culture medium is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.8% of corn steep liquor dry powder, 2.4% of peptone, 0.4% of glutathione and KH2PO41.2 percent and the balance of water; sterilizing at 120 deg.C for 15min with pH of 7.0.
The preparation method of the modified peanut shell biochar comprises the following steps:
s1, drying and crushing the peanut shells, then carrying out high-temperature thermal cracking carbonization treatment for 2 hours in a furnace at 500 ℃, and cooling and crushing to obtain the peanut shell biochar;
s2, adding the peanut shell biochar obtained in S1 and gamma-aminoethyl aminopropyltrimethoxysilane into water, uniformly stirring, then adding polyaspartic acid, polyethylene glycol, aminated chitosan, fulvic acid and an active monomer under stirring at the temperature of 60 ℃ and the rotating speed of 500r/min, reacting for 8 hours, centrifuging after the reaction is finished, taking precipitate, and drying to obtain the modified peanut shell biochar, wherein the mass ratio of the peanut shell biochar to the gamma-aminoethyl aminopropyltrimethoxysilane is 1: 3; the mass ratio of the peanut shell biochar to the polyaspartic acid to the polyethylene glycol to the active monomer is 1: 2: 0.5: 4; the mass ratio of the polyaspartic acid to the aminated chitosan to the fulvic acid is 1: 3: 1. the active monomer is prepared from hydroxy cellulose and hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate according to a mass ratio of 1:1 are mixed. The harvest yield of the crops at 5 years after the field planting of the pecans in example 6 was tested according to the method of test example 1, and the average yield per plant was 3.056 kg.
Test example 1
The harvest yields of the crops grown in examples 1-5 and comparative example 1 were tested and the crops were weighed after harvesting.
TABLE 1 test results of harvest yields of 5 th year after field planting of pecans
| Average yield per plant (kg) | Weight of single fruit (g) | |
| Example 1 | 1.937 | 3.51 |
| Example 2 | 2.285 | 3.74 |
| Example 3 | 2.925 | 4.38 |
| Example 4 | 2.713 | 4.12 |
| Example 5 | 2.511 | 3.98 |
| Comparative example 1 | 1.678 | 3.35 |
From the above table 1, it is found that the yield of pecan fruits obtained by the planting method of example 1 is significantly better than that of comparative example 1 by comparing example 1 with comparative example 1. The possible reasons for this are: the embodiment 1 adopts the composite soil, takes yellow soil of a growing land as a base, and is matched with certain amount of coconut soil, river mud and diatomite, so that the water storage capacity and air permeability of the soil can be greatly improved, the growth of the roots of the jatropha curcas trees is facilitated, and root rot is prevented. Meanwhile, the river mud is rich in nutrient components required by plant growth, various organic matter decomposition strains and a microbial agent, and promotes the decomposition of organic matters in cooperation with the microbial agent, so that the pecan trees can absorb the organic matters conveniently.
By comparing example 1 with example 2, it was found that the yield of pecans obtained by the planting method of example 2 was significantly better than that of example 1. The possible reasons for this are: the Burkholderia and the bacillus subtilis can degrade phosphorus and potassium to provide nutrient substances for crops; the azotobacter bailii can supplement nitrogen for the growth of plant roots in a nitrogen fixation mode. The gamma-polyglutamic acid is one of amino acids, is easy to degrade and has good compatibility with the environment, and the gamma-polyglutamic acid, the beta-cyclodextrin and the propylene glycol monolaurate are used as raw materials to embed the liquid microbial agent by adopting a microcapsule technology, so that on one hand, microorganisms are effectively protected from high temperature and mechanical damage, on the other hand, the survival of the liquid microbial agent in a high-nutrient fertilizer is ensured, the liquid microbial agent can be slowly released, and the microorganisms existing in soil for a long time are ensured.
By comparing example 2 with example 3, it was found that the yield of pecans obtained by the planting method of example 3 was significantly better than that of example 2. The yield of pecan fruits obtained by the planting method of the example 3 is obviously better than that of the examples 4-5. The possible reasons for this are: the peanut shell biochar is prepared by taking peanut shells as raw materials, is loose and porous, has large specific surface area and good adsorbability, meanwhile, gamma-aminoethyl aminopropyl trimethoxy silane, polyaspartic acid, polyethylene glycol, aminated chitosan, fulvic acid, hydroxy cellulose and hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate are used as raw materials to modify the peanut shell biochar, the gamma-aminoethyl aminopropyl trimethoxy silane is coupled with the peanut shell biochar, fulvic acid and polyaspartic acid to form a net-shaped cross-linked structure, carboxyl in the polyaspartic acid interacts with hydroxyl in the hydroxy cellulose and hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate, and amino in the aminated chitosan to retain the properties of cellulose, starch and glucan, so that the chitosan, the starch and the glucan are not easy to degrade, and further obviously improving the content of nutrient substances in the soil, improving the soil structure and improving the water and fertilizer retention capability of the soil. The existence of the starch and the glucan provides a carbon source, a nitrogen source and energy for the microorganisms released in the microbial agent microcapsule, and is beneficial to the propagation of the microorganisms. The hydroxycellulose, the hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate, the citric acid chelated copper, the citric acid chelated zinc, the EDTA chelated iron, the EDTA chelated manganese and the compound vitamin mixture are combined, and have a synergistic effect, so that the compound vitamin fertilizer has strong adsorbability, prevents the loss of nutrient substances in the mixed fertilizer, is further absorbed by plants, and enables the development of plant roots to be good. The modified peanut shell charcoal obviously improves the ground temperature, promotes the rapid growth of the pecan seedlings, can also improve the nutrient content in the pecans and improve the yield.
Test example 2
The nutrient content of pecan fruits obtained at the 5 th year after field planting by the planting methods of examples 1-5 and comparative example 1 was tested. (refer to the research on fatty acid analysis and polypeptide preparation and activity in hickory nut kernel, Wang Luqian, Zhejiang university of industry, Master thesis, 2019)
(1) Testing the oil yield: respectively taking dried pecan fruits obtained in the 5 th year after field planting by adopting the planting methods of examples 1-5 and comparative example 1 by adopting a chloroform-methanol extraction method, crushing the pecan fruits, respectively weighing 5.0g of the crushed pecan fruits, respectively adding 60mL of chloroform and methanol solution (2: l, v/v), heating and refluxing in a water bath for 60min under the condition of magnetic stirring at 65 ℃, filtering an extracting solution, concentrating the filtrate at 40 ℃ by using a rotary evaporator to obtain a thick liquid, wherein the thick liquid cannot be dried, and recovering the solvent. Measuring 25mL of petroleum ether by using a measuring cylinder, adding the petroleum ether into an oil sample, adding 15g of anhydrous sodium sulfate, plugging, oscillating for 1min, centrifuging for 5min by taking 3000r/min of a petroleum ether layer, taking a weighed empty rotary evaporation bottle, adding 10mL of a clarified petroleum ether layer, carrying out rotary evaporation at 40 ℃ to remove a solvent, drying the obtained oil sample to constant weight at 105 ℃, weighing the bottle after rotary evaporation, and calculating the oil rate according to a formula. Repeat 5 times to get the average.
The oil yield calculation formula is as follows: oil yield (%) [ (M)2-M1)×2.5]/M×100％
In the formula: m1Mass of rotary retort, g;
M2-mass of rotary retort and extracted oil sample, g;
m- -weigh the mass of the sample, g.
TABLE 2 oil yield test results of the 5 th year crops after field planting of pecans
(2) Testing of protein content:
the protein content is tested by referring to the Kjeldahl method in GB 5009.5-2016 (determination of protein in food safety national standard food).
The test method comprises the following steps: in the experiment, a full-automatic Kjeldahl azotometer is used for digesting and azotizing the pecan fruits obtained in the 5 th year after field planting by the planting methods of the embodiments 1 to 5 and the comparative example 1, the dried pecan fruits obtained in the 5 th year after field planting by the planting methods of the embodiments 1 to 5 and the comparative example 1 are respectively taken, and 0.5g of the crushed pecan fruits are weighed and accurate to 0.001g and are placed into a digestion tube. Then, 0.2g of copper sulfate, 3g of potassium sulfate and 20mL of concentrated sulfuric acid were added for digestion. Simultaneously adding the same amount of copper sulfate and K into the blank2SO4And (3) digesting with concentrated sulfuric acid, and respectively preparing a 40% sodium hydroxide solution, a 4% boric acid solution and a B mixed indicating solution, wherein the B mixed indicating solution is prepared by mixing 1 part of methyl red ethanol solution and 5 parts of bromocresol green ethanol solution temporarily. The prepared 0.05mol/L hydrochloric acid standard titration solution is used for calibration, and parameters of a Kjeldahl azotometer are set to realize automatic liquid adding, distillation, titration and calculation of protein content.
TABLE 3 test results of protein content of crops at 5 th year after field planting of pecans
| Protein content (%) | |
| Example 1 | 8.16 |
| Example 2 | 8.57 |
| Example 3 | 9.43 |
| Example 4 | 9.25 |
| Example 5 | 8.91 |
| Comparative example 1 | 7.95 |
Test example 3
The soils of the 1 st, 2 nd and 3 rd years after the crops were planted in examples 1 to 5 and comparative example 1 were sampled to measure the content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil, and the Shimadzu UV-2550 UV-visible spectrophotometer was used in accordance with DB 12/T512-2014 method for measuring nitrate nitrogen in soil samples.
Table 4 test results of nitrate nitrogen content in soil after field planting of pecan, unit: mg, kg-1
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Example 5 | Comparative example 1 | |
| Year 1 | 136.15 | 155.92 | 168.34 | 164.13 | 162.35 | 134.31 |
| Year 2 | 121.27 | 149.28 | 164.46 | 160.72 | 157.24 | 119.45 |
| Year 3 | 115.19 | 140.47 | 158.12 | 151.04 | 148.68 | 106.62 |
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (8)
1. The planting method of the pecans is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) land selection: selecting soil with fertile soil, sufficient water source and sufficient sunlight for planting;
(2) planting: the row spacing is 0.5-2m, the spacing between two planting holes is 1-2m, and composite soil with the thickness of 30-40cm is filled; putting young pecan plants, filling 1-2cm of organic biological compound fertilizer, filling 30-50cm of composite soil, filling 5-8cm of organic biological compound fertilizer, filling 40-50cm of composite soil, filling 3-5cm of organic biological compound fertilizer, filling the composite soil for field planting, fixing tree trays after field planting, and watering, wherein the water amount for each time is 300 mL/plant;
the composite soil is yellow soil, coconut soil, river mud and functional diatomite according to the mass ratio (4-5): (0.5-1): (1-2): (1-2) mixing;
(3) fertilization management: applying the organic biological compound fertilizer once every 20-25 days 1-5 months after planting, wherein the fertilizer application amount is 160 g/plant; after 5 months of planting, applying the organic biological compound fertilizer once every 50-60 days, wherein the fertilizer application amount is 200-280 g/plant;
(4) trimming;
(5) and (6) picking.
2. The pecan planting method according to claim 1, wherein the functionalized diatomite is prepared by the following steps:
adding diatomite into a 20-25 wt% sulfuric acid aqueous solution according to a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1g (5-15) mL, uniformly mixing, performing ultrasonic treatment at 35-45kHz and 500W for 20-30min, centrifuging, taking out the precipitate, drying, adding dolomite powder, uniformly mixing, calcining at 600-700 ℃ for 30-50min, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a premix, wherein the mass ratio of the dolomite powder to the diatomite is (1-2): 10; adding lignin, copperas, zinc gluconate and potassium humate into water, and uniformly mixing, wherein the mass ratio of the lignin, the copperas, the zinc gluconate, the potassium humate and the water is (1-2): (0.5-1): (0.1-0.5): 0.1-0.3): 15-20); adding premix, stirring at 50-60 deg.C and 50-100rpm for 10-20min, wherein the mass ratio of the premix and lignin is 10 (1-2); filtering, drying the filter residue, and grinding to 100-200 meshes.
3. The pecan planting method according to claim 1, wherein the organic biological compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of organic fertilizer, 10-15 parts of inorganic fertilizer and 1-2 parts of liquid microbial agent/microbial agent microcapsule.
4. The pecan planting method according to claim 3, wherein the preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: adding 0.5-1 part by weight of citric acid chelated copper, 0.5-1 part by weight of citric acid chelated zinc, 0.5-1 part by weight of EDTA chelated iron, 0.5-1 part by weight of EDTA chelated manganese, 2-4 parts by weight of composite vitamin, 10-15 parts by weight of peanut shell biochar/modified peanut shell biochar, 5-10 parts by weight of rapeseed cake, 5-10 parts by weight of bean cake, 15-20 parts by weight of cow dung and 15-20 parts by weight of pig dung into 10-15 parts by weight of water for uniform mixing to obtain a mixed material; the mixed materials are placed at 120 ℃ for reaction for 0.5-1h, and then placed under ultraviolet light with the wavelength of 240-280nm for irradiation for 2-3h to obtain the organic fertilizer.
5. The pecan planting method according to claim 3, wherein the inorganic fertilizer is prepared from urea, potassium oxalate and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer according to a mass ratio of (4-5): (1-2): (4-5) mixing.
6. The pecan planting method according to claim 3, wherein the preparation method of the microbial agent microcapsule comprises the following steps: under the magnetic stirring condition of 300-500r/min at the temperature of 35-40 ℃, adding 1-2 wt% of gamma-polyglutamic acid aqueous solution, 1-2 wt% of beta-cyclodextrin aqueous solution and 1-3 wt% of propylene glycol monolaurate aqueous solution into liquid microbial agent, and uniformly stirring to obtain microbial capsule solution; and then carrying out polar emulsification treatment for 5-10min by adopting a high-speed shearing dispersion emulsifying machine with the rotating speed of 6000-10000r/min, and carrying out spray drying to obtain the microbial agent microcapsule, wherein the liquid microbial agent: aqueous solution of γ -polyglutamic acid: aqueous solution of β -cyclodextrin: the volume ratio of the propylene glycol monolaurate aqueous solution is (1-3): 1: (0.1-5): (1-2).
7. The pecan planting method according to claim 4, wherein the preparation method of the modified peanut shell biochar comprises the following steps:
s1, drying and crushing the peanut shells, then carrying out high-temperature thermal cracking carbonization treatment in a furnace with the temperature of 400-600 ℃ for 1-3 hours, and cooling and crushing to obtain the peanut shell biochar;
s2, adding the peanut shell biochar obtained in S1 and gamma-aminoethyl aminopropyl trimethoxy silane into water, uniformly stirring, then adding polyaspartic acid, polyethylene glycol, aminated chitosan, fulvic acid and an active monomer under stirring at the temperature of 50-70 ℃ and the rotating speed of 300-600r/min, reacting for 6-12h, centrifuging after the reaction is finished, taking precipitate, and drying to obtain the modified peanut shell biochar, wherein the mass ratio of the peanut shell biochar to the gamma-aminoethyl aminopropyl trimethoxy silane is 1: (3-6); the mass ratio of the peanut shell biochar to the polyaspartic acid to the polyethylene glycol to the active monomer is 1: (1-3): (0.5-2): (3-5); the mass ratio of the polyaspartic acid to the aminated chitosan to the fulvic acid is (1-6): (1-3): (0.5-2).
8. The method for planting pecan nuts as claimed in claim 3, wherein the method for preparing the organic bio-compound fertilizer comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing an organic fertilizer, an inorganic fertilizer and a liquid microbial agent/microbial agent microcapsule, granulating by a granulator, drying, cooling and screening to obtain the organic biological compound fertilizer.
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| CN108863658A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-11-23 | 昆明昊拜农业科技有限公司 | A kind of charcoal base organic fertilizer and preparation method |
| CN109232116A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-01-18 | 桐城市宜春油茶种植专业合作社 | A kind of oil tea plantation organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN110343017A (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2019-10-18 | 南京工业大学 | A kind of polyglutamic acid gel micro-ball microbial inoculum and its application |
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2021
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| CN104058856A (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2014-09-24 | 安徽省巨星肥业有限公司 | Willow bark-containing efficient slow-release compound fertilizer |
| CN105315023A (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2016-02-10 | 南京益佳特科技发展有限公司 | Preparation method of bio-organic liquid-phase fertilizer |
| CN104860780A (en) * | 2015-05-05 | 2015-08-26 | 马鞍山科邦生态肥有限公司 | Carbonized high-lignin inorganic slow-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN104860754A (en) * | 2015-05-05 | 2015-08-26 | 马鞍山科邦生态肥有限公司 | Carbonized husk adsorbing type fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN105481510A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-04-13 | 上海艳紫化工科技有限公司 | Method for organically planting pecans |
| CN105622209A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-06-01 | 常州王者青城生态观光有限公司 | Organic pecan planting method |
| CN107235800A (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2017-10-10 | 徐卫东 | A kind of garden seedling tree flowers soil modification fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN108339534A (en) * | 2018-03-02 | 2018-07-31 | 东莞市联洲知识产权运营管理有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of modification biological based composite material of carbon |
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| CN108863658A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-11-23 | 昆明昊拜农业科技有限公司 | A kind of charcoal base organic fertilizer and preparation method |
| CN109232116A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-01-18 | 桐城市宜春油茶种植专业合作社 | A kind of oil tea plantation organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN110343017A (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2019-10-18 | 南京工业大学 | A kind of polyglutamic acid gel micro-ball microbial inoculum and its application |
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Application publication date: 20211231 |