CN113848132B - Long pulse width multi-pulse loading test device based on gunpowder driving - Google Patents
Long pulse width multi-pulse loading test device based on gunpowder driving Download PDFInfo
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- CN113848132B CN113848132B CN202111119262.6A CN202111119262A CN113848132B CN 113848132 B CN113848132 B CN 113848132B CN 202111119262 A CN202111119262 A CN 202111119262A CN 113848132 B CN113848132 B CN 113848132B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
- G01N3/313—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight generated by explosives
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The invention discloses a long pulse width multi-pulse loading test device based on gunpowder driving, which is divided into two parts coaxially arranged: the multi-pulse loading device comprises a multi-pulse loading assembly and a sample fixing assembly, wherein the multi-pulse loading assembly comprises a gun barrel and a multi-stage impact body positioned in the gun barrel, and the sample fixing assembly comprises a coaxial guide barrel, a base and a sample sleeve, wherein the base and the sample sleeve are used for fixing a sample to be tested, a T-shaped pressure head for transmitting impact force and a sensor for measuring speed, strain and pressure. The long pulse width multi-pulse loading test device based on gunpowder driving disclosed by the invention utilizes the inertia effect brought by the structural characteristics of the T-shaped pressure head, expands the pulse width of the pressure pulse acting on a sample to be tested, has the pulse width of ms magnitude, breaks through the pulse limitation of the traditional impact loading device, has strong designability, designs the material and the structural size of the impact body and the T-shaped pressure head according to the amplitude and the pulse width requirement of the pressure pulse, and can realize the ms magnitude multi-pulse load with high pressure amplitude.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of response simulation of structures and materials under impact load, and particularly relates to a long pulse width multi-pulse loading test device based on gunpowder driving.
Background
The response behavior of the structure and the material under the impact load is an important research field at present, and at present scholars and engineers develop and establish various test loading devices for simulating the response behavior of the structure and the material under the impact load, for example, a Hopkinson bar device, a light air gun device, a drop hammer impact experiment device, an artillery device, an electric gun device and the like, and the wide use of the devices greatly improves the cognition level and the engineering design level of the mechanical property of people on the structure and the material.
The Hopkinson bar device, the light air gun device, the drop hammer impact experimental device, the gun device, the electric gun device and other impact loading experimental devices are mostly single loading devices which are only used for researching the response process of a structure or a material under the action of a single pulse, and also are partly multi-pulse loading experimental devices, but the loading pulse widths of the devices are difficult to reach the ms magnitude, for example, the existing method for accelerating a plurality of impact hammers by utilizing gravitational potential energy can realize multi-pulse loading, but the loading pulse widths are limited by the length of the impact hammers, can only reach the 0.01ms magnitude, and are difficult to realize wider loading pulse widths due to the structural limitation of the device; in addition, the device does not break through the limitation of the Hopkinson bar device, the loading pulse width can only reach the magnitude of 0.01ms, and wider multi-pulse loading can not be realized, although the multi-pulse loading can be realized, as in the existing continuous multi-pulse equal pulse width collision impact test device based on the Hopkinson bar; the device for realizing multi-pulse loading by adopting electromagnetic driving of a plurality of projectiles is also proposed, and the loading pulse width of the device can only reach the magnitude of 0.1 ms.
Therefore, the loading pulse width of the existing multi-pulse loading test device can reach 0.1ms at most, and is difficult to reach the ms level, which limits the test simulation research on certain real working conditions, for example, single pulse of multi-pulse loading acting force applied to a projectile body is usually more than 1ms in the penetration process of the projectile body through a multi-layer target plate, so that the device only solves multi-pulse loading, but does not have a wide-pulse test device, and cannot be used for simulating and researching the response process of the projectile body in the penetration process of the projectile body through the multi-layer target plate.
Therefore, a long-pulse-width multi-pulse loading test device is needed, and the device can provide a multi-pulse loading test condition with a pulse width of up to ms, high pulse impact pressure and good continuity.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a long-pulse-width multi-pulse loading test device based on gunpowder driving, which expands the pulse width of pressure pulses acting on a sample to be tested, so that the pulse width of the multi-pulse loading test device can reach the ms level, and breaks through the pulse limitation of the traditional impact loading device.
To achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a long pulse width multiple pulse loading test device based on powder actuation, the device comprising: the multi-pulse loading assembly and the sample fixing assembly are arranged at a certain distance and coaxially;
wherein the multi-pulse loading assembly comprises a barrel and an impactor;
the gun barrel is hollow cylindrical;
the impact bodies are arranged in the gun barrel, and a plurality of impact bodies are arranged, and comprise a central impact body and a plurality of cylindrical impact bodies; wherein the central impact body is of a T-shaped structure; the inner diameters of the cylinders of the plurality of cylinder impactors are different, wherein the cylinder impactors with the smallest inner diameters are sleeved on the rod part of the T-shaped structure of the central impacter, the other cylinder impactors are sleeved outside the cylinder impactors with the smallest inner diameters in sequence from small to large in diameter, the inner walls and the outer walls of the two adjacent cylinder impactors are in free contact, and the non-impaction surfaces of all the cylinder impactors are propped against the end part of the T-shaped structure of the central impacter; the lengths of the impact bodies are gradually decreased from the center to the outermost side, and the impact bodies are coaxial with the gun barrel;
the sample fixing assembly includes: the device comprises a coaxial guide cylinder, a base, a T-shaped pressure head, a sample sleeve, a speed sensor, a strain sensor and a pressure sensor;
the coaxial guide cylinder is a hollow cylinder;
the cross section of the base is convex and is integrally formed by a round end part with a smaller diameter and a round bottom part with a larger diameter, and the base is arranged at one end inside the coaxial guide cylinder and is connected with the coaxial guide cylinder;
the T-shaped pressure head is positioned at the other end in the coaxial guide cylinder, the T-shaped pressure head consists of an end disc and a rod part integrally formed with the end disc, the diameter of the rod part of the T-shaped pressure head is the same as that of the end part of the base, a sample to be tested is placed between the rod part of the T-shaped pressure head and the end part of the base in an experiment, and the diameter of the sample to be tested is the same as that of the rod part of the T-shaped pressure head and that of the end part of the base; the diameter of the end disc of the T-shaped pressure head is 4-8 times of the diameter of the rod part of the T-shaped pressure head, and the mass of the end disc of the T-shaped pressure head is 8-30 times of the rod part of the T-shaped pressure head;
the sample sleeve is sleeved outside the sample to be tested and is fixedly connected with the base;
the speed sensor is arranged on the inner surface of the coaxial guide cylinder, and measures the impact speed of the T-shaped pressure head when the T-shaped pressure head is impacted to move along the inner surface of the coaxial guide cylinder;
the strain sensor is arranged on the outer side surface of the rod part of the T-shaped pressure head;
the pressure sensor is arranged on the surface of the end part I of the base, which is contacted with the sample to be tested;
the coaxial guide cylinder, the base, the T-shaped pressure head and the sample sleeve are coaxially arranged;
the axes of the gun barrel and the coaxial guide barrel are positioned on the same horizontal line.
Preferably, the distance between one end face of the gun barrel and the end face of the coaxial guide barrel opposite to the gun barrel is 2-4 times of the length of the central impact body.
Preferably, the distance between the impact surface of the impact body and the surface of the end disc of the T-shaped pressure head is larger than the impact speed v of the impact body multiplied by the pressure pulse width T of the sample to be detected.
Preferably, the gun barrel, the impacting body, the T-shaped pressure head and the coaxial guide barrel are all made of steel, and the strength of the T-shaped pressure head is greater than that of the impacting body.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention provides a long pulse width multi-pulse loading test device based on gunpowder driving, which utilizes the inertia effect brought by the structural characteristics of a T-shaped pressure head to expand the pulse width of pressure pulses acting on a sample to be tested, wherein the pulse width can reach ms magnitude, and breaks through the pulse limitation of the traditional impact loading device; and secondly, the gunpowder-driven multi-pulse loading test device has strong designability, and the material and the structural size of the impact body and the T-shaped pressure head are designed according to the amplitude and the pulse width requirements of pressure pulses, so that the ms-magnitude multi-pulse load with high pressure amplitude can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a long pulse width multi-pulse loading test apparatus based on powder driving in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the pressure of the bottom surface of a sample to be measured according to the embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 11. the gun barrel 12, the center impact body A13, the cylinder impact body B14, the cylinder impact body C21, the T-shaped pressure head 22, the coaxial guide cylinder 23, the speed sensor 24, the strain sensor 25, the sample 26 to be tested, the pressure sensor 27, the sample sleeve 28 and the base.
Detailed Description
Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the embodiments described herein are for the purpose of aiding the reader in understanding the principles of the present invention and should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to such specific statements and embodiments. Those of ordinary skill in the art can make various other specific modifications and combinations from the teachings of the present disclosure without departing from the spirit thereof, and such modifications and combinations remain within the scope of the present disclosure.
The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific examples.
A long pulse width multiple pulse loading test apparatus based on gunpowder actuation as shown in fig. 1, said apparatus comprising: the multi-pulse loading assembly and the sample fixing assembly are arranged at a certain distance and coaxially;
the multi-pulse loading assembly comprises a gun barrel and impact bodies, wherein the number of the impact bodies is 3 in the embodiment. The gun barrel 11 is hollow cylindrical, and the number of the impact bodies is 3, and the impact bodies comprise a central impact body A12, a cylindrical impact body B13 and a cylindrical impact body C14; wherein the central impact body A12 is of a T-shaped structure; the inner diameters of the cylinders of the cylinder impact body B13 and the cylinder impact body C14 are different, wherein the cylinder impact body B13 with the smallest inner diameter is sleeved on the T-shaped structural rod part of the central impact body A12D, the cylinder impact body C14 is sleeved outside the cylinder impact body B13, the inner wall of the cylinder impact body C14 is in free contact with the outer wall of the cylinder impact body B13, and the non-impact surfaces of the cylinder impact body B13 and the cylinder impact body C14 are abutted on the end part of the T-shaped structure of the central impact body A12; the length of the cylinder strike B13 is greater than the length of the cylinder strike C14, and if there are multiple cylinder strikes, the cylinder strike decreases in length from the center to the outermost side. The center impact body a12, the cylinder impact body B13, and the cylinder impact body C14 are kept coaxial with the barrel 11;
the central impact body A12 is both an impact body and a bullet holder, supports a plurality of cylinder impact bodies to perform synchronous acceleration motion driven by gunpowder combustion, and impacts the sample fixing assembly according to a certain time interval from the center to the outermost layer in sequence, so that loading of multi-pulse experimental conditions is generated.
The sample fixing assembly includes: coaxial guide cylinder 22, base 28, T-ram 21, sample sleeve 27, speed sensor 23, strain sensor 24, and pressure sensor 26;
wherein the coaxial guide cylinder 22 is a hollow cylinder;
the cross section of the base 28 is in a convex shape and is integrally formed by a cylindrical end part with a smaller diameter and a cylindrical bottom part, and the base 28 is arranged at one end inside the coaxial guide cylinder 22 and is connected with the coaxial guide cylinder 22;
the T-shaped pressure head 21 is positioned at the other end in the coaxial guide cylinder 22, the T-shaped pressure head 21 consists of a disc at the end part and a rod part integrally formed with the disc, the diameter of the rod part is the same as that of the end part of the base 28, in an experiment, a sample to be tested is placed between the rod part of the T-shaped pressure head 21 and the end part of the base 28, the diameter of the sample to be tested is the same as that of the rod part of the T-shaped pressure head 21 and the diameter of the end part of the base 28, the diameter of the disc at the end part of the T-shaped pressure head 21 is 4-8 times of that of the rod part, the mass of the disc at the end part of the T-shaped pressure head 21 is 8-30 times of that of the rod part, after the disc of the T-shaped pressure head 21 is impacted by the impact body, the acceleration movement in the direction of the sample to be tested is generated, and after the sample to be tested is impacted, the mass of the disc of the T-shaped pressure head 21 is larger, the inertia force of the disc is larger than the rebound force of impact, the T-shaped pressure head 21 can continue to move in the direction of the sample to be tested, so that the pulse time acting on the sample to be tested is prolonged, and reaches ms;
the sample sleeve 27 is arranged outside the sample to be measured and is fixedly connected with the base 28;
the speed sensor 23 is arranged on the inner surface of the coaxial guide cylinder 22, and when the T-shaped pressure head 21 is impacted to move along the inner surface of the coaxial guide cylinder 22, the speed sensor 23 measures the impact speed of the T-shaped pressure head 21;
the strain sensor 24 is arranged on the outer side surface of the rod part of the T-shaped pressure head 21;
the pressure sensor 26 is mounted on the surface of the end of the base 28 that contacts the sample to be measured;
the coaxial guide cylinder 22, the base 28, the T-shaped pressure head 21 and the sample sleeve 27 are coaxially arranged;
the axis of the barrel 11 and the axis of the coaxial guide barrel 22 are positioned on the same horizontal line.
The axial distance between one end face of the barrel 11 and the opposite end face of the coaxial guide barrel 22 is 2 to 4 times the length of the central striker.
The axial distance between the impact surface of the impact body and the surface of the end disc of the T-shaped pressure head 21 is larger than the impact speed v of the impact body multiplied by the pressure pulse width T of the sample to be tested.
The gun barrel 11, the impacting body, the T-shaped pressure head 21 and the coaxial guide barrel 22 are all made of steel, and the strength of the T-shaped pressure head 21 is larger than that of the impacting body.
Before the test, the material, the mass ratio, the size and the impact speed of each impact body need to be designed, the material and the mass determine the peak value of each pulse, and the axial distance and the speed of the impact surface of the adjacent impact body determine the time interval of pulse width, wherein the time interval is larger than the pulse width. During the test, each impact body is driven to accelerate in the gun barrel by gunpowder combustion, each impact body flies out of the gun barrel to sequentially impact the T-shaped pressure head at a certain speed and at a certain time interval, the T-shaped pressure head generates relatively long-time pressure pulses for a sample to be tested due to the inertia effect brought by the structural characteristics of the T-shaped pressure head, the single pulse width can reach the ms magnitude, the coaxial guide cylinder can enable the pulse pressure of the T-shaped pressure head to the sample to be tested to be always along the axis direction, the base can be arranged on a large-mass steel ingot, the fact that no obvious rigid body displacement is generated is ensured, and the speed sensor, the strain sensor and the pressure sensor can monitor the running state of the test and the condition of measuring the pressure pulses.
Examples
In the implementation, 3 impact bodies are provided, each impact body comprises a central impact body A12, a cylindrical impact body B13 and a cylindrical impact body C14, the impact bodies are made of steel, the mass of each impact body is 7.8kg, the mass of each impact body is 10.9kg, the mass of each impact body is 10.5kg, the height of each impact body is 60mm, the impact speed of each impact body is 60m/s, the cylindrical impact body B13 is sleeved on the T-shaped structural rod part of the central impact body A12, and the cylindrical impact body C14 is sleeved on the outer side of the cylindrical impact body B13; the 3 impactors are all placed in the gun barrel 1, the diameter of the end part of the T-shaped structure of the central impactors A12 is equal to the inner diameter of the gun barrel 11, and the 3 impactors are coaxial with the gun barrel.
The T-shaped pressure head 21 is made of steel, the diameter of an end disc of the T-shaped pressure head 21 is 240mm, the thickness of the end disc is 50mm, the diameter of a rod portion of the T-shaped pressure head 21 is 60mm, a sample 25 to be detected is an explosive simulation material, the performance is similar to that of an explosive, the diameter of the sample is 60mm, the height of the sample is 40mm, the coaxial guide cylinder 22, the sample sleeve 27 and the base 28 are made of steel, the thickness of the coaxial guide cylinder 22 is 20mm, and the thickness of the sample sleeve 27 is 40mm.
The specific test procedure of this example is as follows: the ignition switch is turned on to ignite gunpowder, the gunpowder burns to drive the central impact body A12, the cylinder impact body B13 and the cylinder impact body C14 to accelerate gradually, the gunbarrel 11 flies out, the T-shaped pressure head 21 is impacted sequentially, acting force is conducted into a sample 25 to be tested, the speed sensor 23, the strain sensor 24 and the pressure sensor 26 respectively collect speed of the rear surface of the end disc of the T-shaped pressure head 21 and strain information of the rod part of the T-shaped pressure head 21, and pressure signals of the bottom surface of the sample 25 to be tested are bounced sequentially after the impact body impacts, the pressure signals are attenuated to 0, and the test is ended.
The specific test results of this example are as follows: the actual impact speed of the central impact body A12, the cylindrical impact body B13 and the cylindrical impact body C14 is 55m/s, a curve of pressure change of the bottom surface of a sample to be tested along with time is shown in fig. 2, the horizontal axis is time, the vertical axis is pressure, the unit is MPa, the compression process of the sample to be tested is about 3.9ms, the total pressure pulse is about 3 pressure pulses, the pulse duration is continuous, the pulse width is about 1.3ms, the pressure peak value is about 550MPa, and the test result shows that the invention can realize multi-pulse loading with the pulse width of up to ms magnitude, high pulse impact pressure and good continuity.
Claims (4)
1. A long pulse width multiple pulse loading test device based on powder driving, the device comprising: the multi-pulse loading assembly and the sample fixing assembly are arranged at a certain distance and coaxially;
wherein the multi-pulse loading assembly comprises a barrel and an impactor;
the gun barrel is hollow cylindrical;
the impact bodies are arranged in the gun barrel, and a plurality of impact bodies are arranged, and comprise a central impact body and a plurality of cylindrical impact bodies; wherein the method comprises the steps of
The central impact body is of a T-shaped structure; the inner diameters of the cylinders of the cylinder impactors are different, wherein the cylinder impactors with the smallest inner diameters are sleeved on the rod part of the T-shaped structure of the central impactors, the other cylinder impactors are sequentially sleeved outside the cylinder impactors with the smallest inner diameters from small to large, gaps are reserved between the inner walls and the outer walls of the two adjacent cylinder impactors to reduce friction, and non-impaction surfaces of all the cylinder impactors are propped against the end part of the T-shaped structure of the central impactors; the lengths of the impact bodies are gradually decreased from the center to the outermost side, and the impact bodies are coaxial with the gun barrel;
the sample fixing assembly includes: the device comprises a coaxial guide cylinder, a base, a T-shaped pressure head, a sample sleeve, a speed sensor, a strain sensor and a pressure sensor;
the coaxial guide cylinder is a hollow cylinder;
the cross section of the base is convex and is integrally formed by a round end part with a smaller diameter and a round bottom part with a larger diameter, and the base is arranged at one end inside the coaxial guide cylinder and is connected with the coaxial guide cylinder;
the T-shaped pressure head is positioned at the other end in the coaxial guide cylinder, the T-shaped pressure head consists of an end disc and a rod part integrally formed with the end disc, the diameter of the rod part of the T-shaped pressure head is the same as that of the end part of the base, a sample to be tested is placed between the rod part of the T-shaped pressure head and the end part of the base in an experiment, and the diameter of the sample to be tested is the same as that of the rod part of the T-shaped pressure head and that of the end part of the base; the diameter of the end disc of the T-shaped pressure head is 4-8 times of the diameter of the rod part of the T-shaped pressure head, and the mass of the end disc of the T-shaped pressure head is 8-30 times of the mass of the rod part of the T-shaped pressure head;
the sample sleeve is sleeved outside the sample to be tested and is fixedly connected with the base;
the speed sensor is arranged on the inner surface of the coaxial guide cylinder, and measures the impact speed of the T-shaped pressure head when the T-shaped pressure head is impacted to move along the inner surface of the coaxial guide cylinder;
the strain sensor is arranged on the outer side surface of the rod part of the T-shaped pressure head;
the pressure sensor is arranged on the surface of the end part of the base, which is contacted with the sample to be measured;
the coaxial guide cylinder, the base, the T-shaped pressure head and the sample sleeve are coaxially arranged;
the axes of the gun barrel and the coaxial guide barrel are positioned on the same horizontal line.
2. The powder-driven long pulse width multi-pulse loading test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a distance between the barrel end surface and the opposite coaxial guide barrel end surface is 2 to 4 times a length of the central striker.
3. The powder-driven long pulse width multiple pulse loading test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the impact surface of the impact body and the surface of the end disc of the T-shaped pressure head is greater than the impact speed v x the pressure pulse width T of the sample to be tested.
4. The powder-driven long pulse width multi-pulse loading test device according to claim 1, wherein the gun barrel, the impact body, the T-shaped pressure head and the coaxial guide barrel are all made of steel, and the strength of the T-shaped pressure head is larger than that of the impact body.
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