CN111579190B - Horizontal ejection-impact type blade bird-cutting test device and test method - Google Patents
Horizontal ejection-impact type blade bird-cutting test device and test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111579190B CN111579190B CN202010341584.4A CN202010341584A CN111579190B CN 111579190 B CN111579190 B CN 111579190B CN 202010341584 A CN202010341584 A CN 202010341584A CN 111579190 B CN111579190 B CN 111579190B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
- G01M7/08—Shock-testing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64F—GROUND OR AIRCRAFT-CARRIER-DECK INSTALLATIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH AIRCRAFT; DESIGNING, MANUFACTURING, ASSEMBLING, CLEANING, MAINTAINING OR REPAIRING AIRCRAFT, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; HANDLING, TRANSPORTING, TESTING OR INSPECTING AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B64F5/00—Designing, manufacturing, assembling, cleaning, maintaining or repairing aircraft, not otherwise provided for; Handling, transporting, testing or inspecting aircraft components, not otherwise provided for
- B64F5/60—Testing or inspecting aircraft components or systems
Abstract
The invention discloses a horizontal ejection-impact type blade bird-cutting test device which comprises an air cannon, a projectile launched by the air cannon, a slide way, an impulse conversion device, a test blade and a test bird body. Because the projectile does not directly impact the test blade, and simultaneously does not need to directly shoot the test blade from the gun barrel, different types of bird impact blades are simulated by the test blade impact test bird body, and the convenience and the accuracy of the bird impact blade resistance test method are improved. The invention also provides a test method using the test device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bird strike tests of aircraft engines.
Background
A bird strike accident refers to an accident that occurs when a flying bird collides in the air with an aircraft or train moving at high speed. Bird strike is one of the important problems threatening aviation safety, and the bird strike resistance test is very important because the collision of objects flying at high speed can generate huge energy to cause irreversible damage to the materials and the structure of the airplane. The real bird body is complex, is impacted by the posture of a solid, then can be broken in a short time, and is presented as viscous fluid or a plurality of fragments, so that under different impact speeds, the bird body can present different material characteristics, and the part of the airplane impacted by the force can be changed according to the reaction of the force, so that the geometry and the material of the damage of the bird body and the airplane in the impacting process are highly nonlinear changed, and the damage of the two same impacts can not exist because the accident has certain randomness. Theoretically, bird impact tests can simulate bird impact processes in different forms, and currently, most of the bird impact tests adopt simulated gelatin birds to launch bird projectiles to impact a target plate by using air cannons. The invention with the publication number of CN110345811A provides an air cannon bird strike test device, a large-caliber bird strike test launching device and other inventions related to different structures of the air cannon. At present, researches are carried out by adopting a mode that an air cannon is used for launching gelatin bird bullets to impact fixed blades, but the gelatin bullets are easy to deform and crush in the launching and accelerating processes, so that the test result is distorted, and if the air cannon is used for launching the blades, the large-size blades can not be launched, and the postures of the blades when the blades impact gelatin can not be guaranteed. A new approach is needed to complete the tests on bird strike resistance.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to solve the problems of type singleness or high cost of the existing anti-bird-strike blade test method, and provides a horizontal ejection-impact type blade bird-cutting test device.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the invention can adopt the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a bird test device is cut to horizontal ejection-striking formula blade, includes the shell, is located the air bubble of shell, the shot of air bubble transmission, its characterized in that: the device also comprises a slide way positioned in the shell, an impulse conversion device positioned in the slide way, a test blade also positioned in the slide way, a test bird body positioned in the shell, a velocimeter and a vacuum pump; one end of the slide way faces the muzzle of the air cannon, and the other end of the slide way faces the test bird body; one end of the impulse conversion device extends out of the slide way and faces the muzzle of the air cannon, an impact contact surface for receiving the impact of the shot is arranged at one end of the impulse conversion device facing the muzzle of the air cannon, the other end of the impulse conversion device is attached to one end of the test blade, the other end of the test blade faces the test bird body, and after the shot is shot out to impact the impact contact surface, the impulse conversion device pushes the test blade to impact the test bird body; the sum of the weight of the impulse conversion device and the weight of the test blade is equal to the weight of the projectile;
the vacuumizing pump is used for vacuumizing the inside of the shell and the inside of the slideway; the velocimeter is used for measuring the speed of the shot after being shot from the air cannon and the sliding speed of the test blade in the slide way.
Has the advantages that: according to the invention, the slide way and the impulse conversion device are arranged, the impulse conversion device is used as an impulse conversion medium, the impulse of the projectile of the air cannonball is transferred to the test blade, and the process of the test blade impacting the test bird body is used as the simulation of blade cutting. The problem that gelatin bullets directly impact the test blades to deform and crush in the prior art is solved in the invention because the bullets do not directly impact the test blades and the test blades do not need to be directly shot from a gun barrel, and the problem that the blades cannot be launched in a large size by launching the blades by using an air cannon in the prior art and the posture of the blades when the blades impact gelatin is also solved in the invention, so that the convenience and the accuracy of the method for testing the anti-bird-collision blades are improved.
Furthermore, one end of the slide way, which faces the test bird body, is attached to the test bird body.
Further, the air cannon is provided with a bullet discharging opening, a cannon opening and a bullet holder for placing a bullet; the bullet discharging port, the muzzle, the bullet support separator, the impulse conversion device, the test blade and the slide way are coaxial.
Furthermore, a bullet support separator and a noise reducer are arranged in front of the slideway and the air cannon muzzle, and the noise reducer is positioned between the bullet support separator and the impulse conversion device.
Furthermore, a bird body suspension device and a shock absorber are also arranged, and the bird body suspension device comprises a fixed end and a cantilever beam; the fixed end is fixed with the inner side of the top of the shell, the cantilever beam is connected with the fixed end and extends downwards from the fixed end, the test bird body is hung below the cantilever beam, and one side of the cantilever beam is connected with the shock absorber.
Furthermore, one end, attached to the test blade, of the impulse conversion device is always located in the slide way, and the cross-sectional area of the part, located in the slide way, of the impulse conversion device is equal to the inner cross-sectional area of the slide way.
Furthermore, two velocimeters are arranged, one velocimeters is positioned at the upper end of the slide way and used for measuring the sliding speed of the test blade in the slide way, and the other velocimeter is positioned above the distance between the muzzle and the impact contact surface and used for measuring the speed change of the projectile in the process of colliding with the impact contact surface after the projectile is shot by the air cannon; and light is arranged in the slide way and is connected with a camera with high external resolution to shoot the blade impact damage condition.
The invention also provides a technical scheme of a test method using the blade bird-cutting test device, which comprises the following steps:
vacuumizing the interior, and enabling the whole experiment process to be in vacuum so as to reduce air resistance; and the shot impact impulse conversion device converts the impact kinetic energy of the shot into high-speed linear motion of the test blade in the slideway, and the test blade impacts the test bird body to complete blade bird cutting simulation.
Furthermore, the impulse conversion device is made of a single material, the inner wall of the slide way is made of a single material, material parameters are measured, energy loss in the conversion process is determined through calculation, and when the launching speed of the projectile is set, the launching speed of the projectile, required by a test, is increased to offset the energy loss.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a horizontal ejection-impact type blade bird-cutting test device.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, the invention discloses a horizontal ejection-impact type blade bird-cutting test device, which comprises a shell 1, an air cannon 2 positioned in the shell 1, a shot 3 launched by the air cannon 2, a slide 4 positioned in the shell, an impulse conversion device 5 positioned in the slide 4, a test blade 6 also positioned in the slide 4, a test bird body 7 positioned in the shell 1, a velocimeter, a vacuum pump 8, a bird body suspension device and a shock absorber 9. The air cannon is provided with a shell opening 10, a cannon opening 11 and a bullet holder 12 for placing the bullets 3. A bullet support separator 13 and a noise reducer 14 are arranged in front of the slideway 4 and the air cannon muzzle 11, and the noise reducer 14 is positioned between the bullet support separator 13 and the impulse conversion device 5. The bullet discharging opening 10, the muzzle 11, the bullet holder separator 13, the impulse conversion device 5, the test blade 6 and the slide 4 are coaxial. The bird suspension assembly includes a fixed end 15 and a cantilever beam 16. The fixed end 15 is fixed to the inside of the top of the housing 1. A cantilever beam 16 is connected to the fixed end 15 and extends downwardly from the fixed end 15. The test bird body 7 is suspended below a cantilever beam 16. The cantilever beam 16 is connected with the vibration damper 9 on one side. The vacuum pump is used for vacuumizing the shell 1 and the slide 4. The velocimeter is used for measuring the speed of the shot 3 after being shot from the air cannon and the speed of the test blade 6 sliding in the slideway 4. One end of the slide way 4 facing the test bird body 7 is attached to the test bird body 7.
One end of the slide way 4 faces the muzzle 11 of the air cannon, and the other end of the slide way 4 faces the test bird body 7; one end of the impulse conversion device 5 extends out of the slide way 4 and faces the air cannon muzzle 11. The end of the impulse conversion device 5 facing the muzzle 11 of the air cannon is provided with an impact contact surface 17 for receiving the impact of the projectile. The other end of the impulse switching device 5 abuts against one end of the test blade 6. The other end of the test leaf 6 faces the test bird body 7. After the shot 3 is shot to the impact contact surface 17, the impulse conversion device 5 pushes the test blade 6 to impact the test bird body 7. In terms of energy conservation, i.e., when M is M, MV is MV, M, M is mass, and V is velocity, in order to make the velocity of the projectile 3 as close as possible to the velocity of the test paddle 6, the sum of the weight of the impulse converting device 5 and the weight of the test paddle 6 should be equal to the weight of the projectile 3. And, in order to reduce the speed loss of the projectile 3 and the test blade 6 caused by air resistance, two vacuum pumps 8 are provided for respectively evacuating the inside of the casing 1 and the inside of the slide 4. The housing 1 is made of a material that can withstand at least one atmospheric pressure.
Meanwhile, in order to enable the impulse conversion device to slide along a straight line in the slideway and avoid impulse loss caused by shaking, one end, close to the test blade 6, of the impulse conversion device 5 is always positioned in the slideway 4, and the cross section area of the part, located in the slideway 4, of the impulse conversion device 5 is equal to the inner cross section area of the slideway 4. In order to reduce the friction force generated between the impulse converting device 5 and the inside of the slide 4 as much as possible, the materials and the structure around the inner wall are smoothed to reduce the friction coefficient.
Two velocimeters are arranged, one velocimeter 18 is positioned at the upper end of the slide way 4 and used for measuring the sliding speed of the test blade 6 in the slide way 4, and the other velocimeter 19 is positioned above the distance between the muzzle 11 and the impact contact surface 17 and used for measuring the speed change of the process from the shooting of the projectile 3 out of the air cannon 2 to the collision with the impact contact surface 17; the light is arranged in the slideway 4 and is connected with an external high-resolution camera 20 to shoot the blade impact damage condition.
The testing method of the blade bird-cutting testing device comprises the steps of vacuumizing the interior of the blade bird-cutting testing device, and enabling the whole testing process to be in vacuum so as to reduce air resistance. The projectile 3 is placed into the sabot 12 and is fired by the air cannon 2. The sabot collides with the sabot separator 13. The projectile 3 is ejected from the sabot 12 by the sabot separator 13 and continues to be ejected forward. The shot 3 impacts an impulse conversion device 5, impact kinetic energy of the shot is converted into high-speed linear motion of the test blades 6 in the slide through the impulse conversion device 5, and the test blades 6 impact the test bird body 7 to complete blade cutting simulation. The method of reducing air resistance by vacuumizing, reducing the friction force generated inside the conversion device 5 and the slide 4 as much as possible, and enabling the sum of the weight of the impulse conversion device 5 and the weight of the test blade 6 to be equal to the weight of the shot 3 enables the outgoing speed of the shot 3 to be as close as possible to the speed of the test blade 6 impacting the test bird body 7, so that the speed of the test blade 6 can be simulated accurately by adjusting the outgoing speed of the shot 3, and the method provides a calculation basis for controlling the speed value of the impact between the test bird body 7 and the test blade 6.
And in order to further improve the precision of speed conversion, the impulse conversion device 5 is made of a single material, the inner wall of the slide way is made of a single material, material parameters are measured, the energy loss in the conversion process is determined through calculation, and when the launching speed of the projectile 3 is set, the launching speed of the projectile 3 relative to the launching speed required by the test is improved to offset the energy loss.
In addition, the present invention has many specific implementations and ways, and the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention. All the components not specified in the present embodiment can be realized by the prior art.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a bird test device is cut to horizontal ejection-striking formula blade, includes the shell, is located the air bubble of shell, the shot of air bubble transmission, its characterized in that: the device also comprises a slide way positioned in the shell, an impulse conversion device positioned in the slide way, a test blade also positioned in the slide way, a test bird body positioned in the shell, a velocimeter and a vacuum pump; one end of the slide way faces the muzzle of the air cannon, and the other end of the slide way faces the test bird body; one end of the impulse conversion device extends out of the slide way and faces the muzzle of the air cannon, an impact contact surface for receiving the impact of the shot is arranged at one end of the impulse conversion device facing the muzzle of the air cannon, the other end of the impulse conversion device is attached to one end of the test blade, the other end of the test blade faces the test bird body, and after the shot is shot out to impact the impact contact surface, the impulse conversion device pushes the test blade to impact the test bird body; the sum of the weight of the impulse conversion device and the weight of the test blade is equal to the weight of the projectile;
the vacuumizing pump is used for vacuumizing the inside of the shell and the inside of the slideway; the velocimeter is used for measuring the speed of the shot after being shot from the air cannon and the sliding speed of the test blade in the slide way.
2. The blade bird-cutting test device according to claim 1, wherein: one end of the slide way, which faces the test bird body, is attached to the test bird body.
3. The blade bird-cutting test device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the air cannon is provided with a bullet discharge opening, a cannon opening and a bullet holder for placing a bullet; the bullet discharging port, the muzzle, the bullet support separator, the impulse conversion device, the test blade and the slide way are coaxial.
4. The blade bird-cutting test device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: and a bullet support separator and a noise reducer are arranged in front of the slideway and the air cannon muzzle, and the noise reducer is positioned between the bullet support separator and the impulse conversion device.
5. The blade bird-cutting test device according to claim 3, wherein: the bird body suspension device comprises a fixed end and a cantilever beam; the fixed end is fixed with the inner side of the top of the shell, the cantilever beam is connected with the fixed end and extends downwards from the fixed end, the test bird body is hung below the cantilever beam, and one side of the cantilever beam is connected with the shock absorber.
6. The blade bird-cutting test device according to claim 4, wherein: one end of the impulse conversion device, which is attached to the test blade, is always positioned in the slideway, and the cross section area of the part of the impulse conversion device, which is always positioned in the slideway, is equal to the inner cross section area of the slideway.
7. The blade bird-cutting test device according to claim 6, wherein: the two tachymeters are arranged, one is positioned at the upper end of the slide way and used for measuring the sliding speed of the test blade in the slide way, and the other is positioned above the distance between the muzzle and the impact contact surface and used for measuring the speed change of the process from the shooting of the air cannon to the collision of the shot with the impact contact surface; and light is arranged in the slide way and is connected with a camera with high external resolution to shoot the blade impact damage condition.
8. A test method using the horizontal launch-impact blade bird-cutting test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: vacuumizing the inside of the shell and the inside of the slideway to ensure that the whole experimental process is in vacuum so as to reduce air resistance; and the shot impact impulse conversion device converts the impact kinetic energy of the shot into high-speed linear motion of the test blade in the slideway, and the test blade impacts the test bird body to complete blade bird cutting simulation.
9. The assay method of claim 8, wherein: the impulse conversion device is made of a single material, the inner wall of the slide way is made of the single material, material parameters are measured, energy loss in the conversion process is determined through calculation, and when the projectile launching speed is set, the projectile launching speed required by a test is increased to offset the energy loss.
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| CN113049205A (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2021-06-29 | 陕西大工旭航电磁科技有限公司 | Bird collision test device based on electromagnetic loading |
| CN113959668B (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2023-12-19 | 中国航发沈阳发动机研究所 | Shell for impact test of foreign object of aeroengine |
| CN114838898B (en) * | 2022-07-04 | 2022-09-13 | 中国飞机强度研究所 | Muzzle shelling-noise reduction-speed measurement integrated device for high-speed impact test of airplane |
| CN114858397A (en) * | 2022-07-05 | 2022-08-05 | 中国飞机强度研究所 | Muzzle gas evacuation device and method for airplane component impact test |
| CN115752121B (en) * | 2022-12-12 | 2024-04-19 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Bullet holder for special-shaped bullet body |
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| GB0905958D0 (en) * | 2009-04-07 | 2009-05-20 | Rolls Royce Plc | Characterisation of soft body impacts |
| CN103940566B (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2016-11-23 | 上海交通大学 | Trainable electronic control type bird bullet impact test device |
| CN203785860U (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2014-08-20 | 江西洪都航空工业集团有限责任公司 | Airplane anti-bird-strike birdshot test speed testing device |
| FR3028309B1 (en) * | 2014-11-06 | 2019-03-22 | Direction Generale De L'armement -Ds/Sdpa/Bpi - Dga/Ds/Sdpa/Bpi | PROJECTILE FOR BIRD IMPACT TESTING CONSISTING OF A GEL COMPRISING GLYCEROL |
| CN205102998U (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-03-23 | 中国建材检验认证集团股份有限公司 | Test device is hit to bird |
| CN105258900B (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2018-03-13 | 中国建材检验认证集团股份有限公司 | Bird impact tests devices and methods therefor |
| CN107061353B (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2019-09-03 | 南方科技大学 | A kind of bird of fan blade hits design method |
| CN108168805A (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2018-06-15 | 中国直升机设计研究所 | A kind of helicopter blade bird hits performance test verification method |
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| CN110435924A (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2019-11-12 | 中国航发沈阳发动机研究所 | Blade of aviation engine bird impact tests simulate fixture |
| CN110362961B (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2022-11-22 | 中国航发沈阳发动机研究所 | Method for determining bird strike test parameters of fan rotor blade of aircraft engine |
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