RU2289774C1 - Test bench for research of high-speed collisions - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: test equipment, applicable for research of high-speed collision phenomena.

SUBSTANCE: the test bench has a launching device and a vacuum path consisting of successively positioned and connected transition devices of the compartment of working gas discharge from the launching device with a cutoff device of the tray and vacuum chamber installed at its outlet, the working gas discharge compartment is made of an easily destructible shatterproof material, a device for separation of the tray from the launched body is fastened at its inlet, and a gaseous jet deflector is positioned before the inlet to the vacuum chamber.

EFFECT: enhanced reliability of the information obtained in the experiment due to prevention of external actions on the launched body up to the collision of it with the researched target, reduced cost of research operations due to the use of cheap single-time use units in the test bench construction.

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Description

The invention relates to a testing technique. The primary area of use is the study of high-speed shock phenomena.

Studies of high-speed shock phenomena are carried out, as a rule, with the use of barrel throwing systems. The throwing body, placed in the lead tray, accelerates in the barrel of the throwing unit and, after exiting it, is separated from the tray and hits the target under investigation. Acceleration of the missile body and its subsequent flight to the collision with the target should take place in a vacuum, since when moving in air, the missile body intensively loses speed and heats up to high temperature, as a result of which its shape and mass change.

There are well-known stands for studies of the processes of shock phenomena, the description of which is given in the book by N. A. Zlatin and G. I. Mishin "Ballistic installations and their application in experimental research", publishing house "Science", M., 1974, pp. .42 and 43, which include a light gas gun and a vacuum track. The latter consists of a dump tank, in which the working gas is localized after the shot, usually hydrogen flowing out of the barrel of a light-gas gun, a pipe, where the speed of the propelled body (measuring chamber) is measured and the chamber in which the target is placed. The working gas discharge tank is a stationary, expensive device, which also requires the inert gas to be purged with an inert gas after firing a light gas gun using hydrogen in order to prevent the formation of an explosive concentration of a mixture of hydrogen with air in a closed volume.

Known aeroballistic route described in the collection of articles under the editorship of G.G. Cherny and S.Yu. Chernyavsky "Theoretical and experimental studies of hypersonic flows in the flow around bodies and in traces", Moscow University Press, 1979, p. 13 and selected as a prototype. The entrance part of the aeroballistic route consists of two compartments interconnected, the first of which is designed to reduce the penetration of the working gas flowing from the barrel of the propellant into the measuring chamber of the aeroballistic route, and the second to separate the pallet from the propelled body and trap it. The compartments are filled with air to a pressure of 50-100 mm Hg. in order to organize the aerodynamic method of separating the pan and the missile body, and are separated from the measuring chamber by a film diaphragm. The disadvantages of the aeroballistic route include:

- flight of a missile body in an air medium, although rarefied, which will undoubtedly affect the decrease in the speed of its interaction with the target;

- the possibility of damage to the missile when piercing the film diaphragm (as warned by the authors of the article).

The technical task to be solved is the creation of a stand for the study of high-speed shock phenomena, when setting up experiments in which external influences on the missile body are excluded before it collides with the target under study.

The expected technical result is to increase the reliability of the information obtained in the experiment, as well as to reduce the cost of research by using inexpensive single-use units in the stand design.

The technical result is achieved through the use of a bench for research of high-speed collisions, containing a propelling unit and a vacuum route, consisting of sequentially located and connected by transition devices of the compartment for discharging the working gas from the propelling unit with a pallet and vacuum chamber cut-off installed at the outlet, the discharge compartment of the working the gas is made of easily destructible non-fragmentation material, a device for separating the pallet from the missile la, and before entering the vacuum chamber there is a gas jet reflector.

A comparative analysis of the proposed stand for the study of high-speed collisions and the prototype shows that the inventive stand differs from the prototype in the following set of new design features:

- the discharge compartment of the working gas is made of easily destructible material;

- the compartment for the discharge of working gas is made of non-splinter material;

- at the entrance to the discharge compartment of the working gas is fixed a device for separating the pallet from the missile;

- before entering the vacuum chamber, a gas jet reflector is placed.

The implementation of the compartment discharge of working gas from easily destructible material provides a discharge of working gas into the atmosphere.

The implementation of the compartment discharge of working gas from shatterproof material eliminates damage to the equipment of the stand by flying fragments of the compartment.

The fastening of the device for separating the pallet from the missile body at the entrance to the discharge compartment of the working gas ensures the removal of the pallet elements from the flight path of the missile body.

Placing a gas jet reflector in front of the vacuum chamber reduces the effect of the latter on the vacuum chamber.

Figure 1 shows the layout of the stand until the exit of the missile body from the barrel of the missile launcher, figure 2 - at the moment of collision of the missile body and the target.

The test bench for high-speed collisions contains a throwing unit 1 and a vacuum route 2. The vacuum route 2, in turn, consists of sequentially located and connected by transition devices 3 and 4 of the compartment 5 for discharging the working gas from the throwing unit 1 with a cutter 6 installed at the outlet the pallet and the vacuum chamber 7. The compartment 5 for discharging the working gas is made of easily destructible non-fragmentation material (for example, polyethylene), a device 8 for separating the pallet from the missile And before entering the vacuum chamber 7, gas jet deflector 9 is situated.

The stand for the study of high-speed collisions works as follows. Before firing (see Fig. 1), through the nozzle 10 located in the transitional unit 4, the entire internal path of the stand is evacuated, due to which the aerodynamic drag force does not act on it over the entire flight distance of the missile body 11, and therefore, speed loss and its heating. When fired (see FIGS. 1 and 2) after passing the barrel with a throwing body 11, placed in the pallet 12, at the entrance to the working gas discharge compartment 5, the throwing body and the pallet are separated by the device 8. The throwing body 11, continuing its flight through the hole in the cutter 6 enters the vacuum chamber 7 and interacts with the target 13, and fragments 14 of the pallet 12 having a radial velocity component are delayed by this cutter. The working gas (usually hydrogen is used as it), flowing out of the barrel of the throwing unit into compartment 5, made of easily destructible non-fragmentation material, for example, in the form of a thin-walled polyethylene pipe 15, destroys the latter, enters the atmosphere and burns out in it. The reflector of the gas jet 9 reduces the impact on the vacuum chamber 7 of the high-temperature jet flowing from the barrel of the propellant installation 1 of the working gas. Fragments 16 of the compartment 5 discharge of the working gas due to the fact that this compartment is made of shatterproof material, scatter in the radial direction, without causing harm to the equipment of the stand.

The proposed stand has significant positive qualities with respect to the prototype, allowing to increase the reliability of the information obtained in the experiment due to the exclusion of external influences on the missile body before it collides with the target being studied, and also to reduce the cost of research by using inexpensive single-use units in the stand design, in this case of a compartment of discharge of working gas.

The proposed technical solution passed an experimental test, which confirmed its performance.

Claims (1)

A test bench for researching high-speed collisions, comprising a propellant installation and a vacuum route, consisting of sequentially arranged and connected by transitional devices of the working gas discharge compartment from the throwing installation with a pallet and vacuum chamber shutter with a target installed at the outlet, characterized in that the working gas discharge compartment made of easily destructible non-fragmentation material, a device for separating the pallet from the missile body is fixed at the entrance to it, and before entering the vacuum chambers the gas jet reflector is located.

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