CN113848132A - Long pulse width multi-pulse loading test device based on gunpowder driving - Google Patents
Long pulse width multi-pulse loading test device based on gunpowder driving Download PDFInfo
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- CN113848132A CN113848132A CN202111119262.6A CN202111119262A CN113848132A CN 113848132 A CN113848132 A CN 113848132A CN 202111119262 A CN202111119262 A CN 202111119262A CN 113848132 A CN113848132 A CN 113848132A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
- G01N3/313—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight generated by explosives
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The invention discloses a long pulse width multi-pulse loading test device based on gunpowder driving, which is divided into two parts which are coaxially arranged: the multi-pulse loading assembly comprises a gun barrel and a multi-stage impact body positioned in the gun barrel, and the sample fixing assembly comprises a coaxial guide barrel for keeping all parts coaxial, a base for fixing a sample to be detected, a sample sleeve, a T-shaped pressure head for transmitting impact force and sensors for measuring speed, strain and pressure. The long pulse width multi-pulse loading test device based on gunpowder driving disclosed by the invention utilizes the inertia effect brought by the structural characteristics of the T-shaped pressure head, expands the pressure pulse width acting on a sample to be tested, the pulse width can reach the ms magnitude, breaks through the pulse limitation of the traditional impact loading device, has strong designability, designs the materials and the structural sizes of an impact body and the T-shaped pressure head according to the requirements on the amplitude and the pulse width of pressure pulse, and can realize the ms magnitude multi-pulse load of high pressure amplitude.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of response simulation of structures and materials under impact load, and particularly relates to a long pulse width multi-pulse loading test device based on gunpowder driving.
Background
The response behavior of a structure and a material under an impact load is an important research field at present, and at present, scholars and engineers develop and establish various test loading devices for simulating the response behavior of the structure and the material under the impact load, such as a Hopkinson bar device, a light gas gun device, a drop hammer impact experiment device, an artillery device, an electric gun device and the like, and the wide use of the devices greatly improves the cognitive level and the engineering design level of the mechanical property of the structure and the material.
Most of the impact loading test devices such as the Hopkinson bar device, the light gas gun device, the drop hammer impact test device, the artillery device and the electric gun device are single-time loading devices which are only used for researching the response process of a structure or a material under the action of a single pulse, and some of the impact loading test devices are multi-pulse loading test devices, but the loading pulse widths of the devices can hardly reach the ms magnitude, for example, the existing devices can realize multi-pulse loading by accelerating a plurality of impact hammers by utilizing gravitational potential energy, but the loading pulse widths are limited by the lengths of the impact hammers and can only reach the 0.01ms magnitude, and the wider loading pulse widths are hardly realized due to the structural limitation of the devices; as for the existing Hopkinson bar-based continuous multiple equal pulse width collision impact test device, although multi-pulse loading can be realized, the device does not break through the device limitation of the Hopkinson bar, the loading pulse width can only reach 0.01ms magnitude, and wider multi-pulse loading cannot be realized; a multi-impact loading test device for realizing multi-pulse loading by adopting a plurality of electromagnetic drive projectiles is also provided, and the loading pulse width can only reach 0.1ms magnitude.
Therefore, the loading pulse width of the existing multi-pulse loading test device can reach 0.1ms level at most, and cannot reach the ms level, so that the test simulation research on certain real working conditions is limited, for example, in the process of penetration of a projectile body through a multilayer target plate, a single pulse of multi-pulse loading acting force on the projectile body is usually greater than 1ms, so that the device only solves the multi-pulse loading, but does not consider the test device of wide pulse, and cannot be used for simulating and researching the response process of the projectile body in the process of penetration through the multilayer target plate.
Therefore, a long-pulse-width multi-pulse loading test device is needed, which can provide a multi-pulse loading test condition with a pulse width of ms magnitude, high pulse impact pressure and good continuity.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the invention provides a long pulse width multi-pulse loading test device based on gunpowder driving, which expands the pulse width of pressure pulses acting on a sample to be tested, so that the pulse width of the multi-pulse loading test device can reach the ms magnitude, and the pulse limitation of the traditional impact loading device is broken through.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a gunpowder drive-based long pulse width multi-pulse loading test device, comprising: the multi-pulse loading assembly and the sample fixing assembly are arranged coaxially at a certain distance;
the multi-pulse loading assembly comprises a gun barrel and an impact body;
the gun barrel is in a hollow cylindrical shape;
the percussion bodies are arranged in the gun barrel, and the percussion bodies are multiple and comprise a central percussion body and a plurality of cylindrical percussion bodies; wherein the central impact body is in a T-shaped structure; the inner diameters of the cylinders of the multiple cylinder impact bodies are different, wherein the cylinder impact body with the smallest inner diameter is sleeved on the rod part of the T-shaped structure of the central impact body, the other cylinder impact bodies are sequentially sleeved on the outer side of the cylinder impact body with the smallest inner diameter from small to large according to the diameters, the inner walls and the outer walls of the two adjacent cylinder impact bodies are in free contact, and the non-impact surfaces of all the cylinder impact bodies are abutted against the end part of the T-shaped structure of the central impact body; the length of each impact body is sequentially decreased from the center to the outermost side, and each impact body and the gun barrel are coaxial;
the sample fixing assembly includes: the device comprises a coaxial guide cylinder, a base, a T-shaped pressure head, a sample sleeve, a speed sensor, a strain sensor and a pressure sensor;
the coaxial guide cylinder is a hollow cylinder;
the cross section of the base is in a convex shape and is integrally formed by a round end part with a smaller diameter and a round bottom part with a larger diameter, and the base is arranged at one end inside the coaxial guide cylinder and is connected with the coaxial guide cylinder;
the T-shaped pressure head is positioned at the other end in the coaxial guide cylinder, the T-shaped pressure head consists of an end part disc and a rod part which is integrally formed with the end part disc, the diameter of the rod part of the T-shaped pressure head is the same as that of the end part of the base, a sample to be tested is placed between the rod part of the T-shaped pressure head and the end part of the base in an experiment, and the diameter of the sample to be tested is the same as that of the rod part of the T-shaped pressure head and that of the end part of the base; the diameter of the end part disc of the T-shaped pressure head is 4-8 times of the diameter of the rod part of the T-shaped pressure head, and the mass of the end part disc of the T-shaped pressure head is 8-30 times of the rod part of the T-shaped pressure head;
the sample sleeve is sleeved outside the sample to be detected and is fixedly connected with the base;
the speed sensor is arranged on the inner surface of the coaxial guide cylinder, and measures the impact speed of the T-shaped pressure head when the T-shaped pressure head is impacted and moves along the inner surface of the coaxial guide cylinder;
the strain sensor is arranged on the outer side surface of the rod part of the T-shaped pressure head;
the pressure sensor is arranged on the surface of the end part I of the base, which is contacted with the sample to be detected;
the coaxial guide cylinder, the base, the T-shaped pressure head and the sample sleeve are coaxially arranged;
the gun barrel and the axis of the coaxial guide barrel are positioned on the same horizontal line.
Preferably, the distance between one end face of the gun barrel and the end face of the coaxial guide barrel opposite to the gun barrel is 2-4 times of the length of the central impact body.
Preferably, the distance between the impact surface of the impact body and the disc surface at the end part of the T-shaped pressure head is greater than the impact speed v of the impact body multiplied by the pressure pulse width T of the sample to be measured.
Preferably, the gun barrel, the impact body, the T-shaped pressure head and the coaxial guide cylinder are all made of steel, and the strength of the T-shaped pressure head is greater than that of the impact body.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a gunpowder-driven long-pulse-width multi-pulse loading test device, which utilizes the inertia effect brought by the structural characteristics of a T-shaped pressure head to expand the pulse width of pressure pulses acting on a sample to be tested, wherein the pulse width can reach the magnitude of ms, and the pulse limitation of the traditional impact loading device is broken through; the multi-pulse loading test device based on gunpowder driving is high in designability, materials and structural sizes of the impact body and the T-shaped pressure head are designed according to requirements on the amplitude and the pulse width of pressure pulses, and ms-magnitude multi-pulse load of high pressure amplitude can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a long pulse width multi-pulse loading test device based on gunpowder driving in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the pressure on the bottom surface of a sample to be measured according to the embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 11. the gun barrel 12, the central impact body A13, the cylinder impact body B14, the cylinder impact body C21, the T-shaped pressure head 22, the coaxial guide cylinder 23, the speed sensor 24, the strain sensor 25, the sample to be measured 26, the pressure sensor 27, the sample sleeve 28 and the base.
Detailed Description
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described herein are intended to assist the reader in understanding the principles of the invention and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited embodiments and examples. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific changes and combinations based on the teachings of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and combinations are within the scope of the invention.
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
A gunpowder drive based long pulse width multi-pulse loading test apparatus as shown in fig. 1, the apparatus comprising: the multi-pulse loading assembly and the sample fixing assembly are arranged coaxially at a certain distance;
wherein, the many pulse loading subassembly includes barrel and impact body, and it has 3 to set up the impact body in this embodiment. The gun barrel 11 is hollow cylindrical, the impact bodies are arranged in the gun barrel, and the number of the impact bodies is 3, and the impact bodies comprise a central impact body A12, a cylindrical impact body B13 and a cylindrical impact body C14; wherein the central impactor A12 is in a T-shaped structure; the inner diameters of the cylinders of the cylinder impactor B13 and the cylinder impactor C14 are different, wherein the cylinder impactor B13 with the smallest inner diameter is sleeved on the T-shaped structure rod part of the central impactor A12D, the cylinder impactor C14 is sleeved on the outer side of the cylinder impactor B13, the inner wall of the cylinder impactor C14 is freely contacted with the outer wall of the cylinder impactor B13, and the non-impact surfaces of the cylinder impactor B13 and the cylinder impactor C14 are abutted against the end part of the T-shaped structure of the central impactor A12; the length of the cylindrical impact body B13 is greater than that of the cylindrical impact body C14, and if there are multiple stages of cylindrical impact bodies, the length of the cylindrical impact bodies decreases from the center to the outermost side. The central impactor a12, the cylindrical impactor B13 and the cylindrical impactor C14 remain coaxial with the barrel 11;
the central impactor A12 is an impactor and a bullet holder, and is used for supporting a plurality of cylindrical impactors to perform synchronous acceleration motion driven by gunpowder combustion, and impacting the sample fixing assembly at certain time intervals in sequence from the center to the outermost layer, so that loading of multi-pulse experimental conditions is generated.
The sample fixing assembly includes: the device comprises a coaxial guide cylinder 22, a base 28, a T-shaped pressure head 21, a sample sleeve 27, a speed sensor 23, a strain sensor 24 and a pressure sensor 26;
wherein the coaxial guide cylinder 22 is a hollow cylinder;
the cross section of the base 28 is in a convex shape, the base is integrally formed by a cylindrical end part with a smaller diameter and a cylindrical bottom part, and the base 28 is arranged at one end inside the coaxial guide cylinder 22 and is connected with the coaxial guide cylinder 22;
the T-shaped pressure head 21 is positioned at the other end in the coaxial guide cylinder 22, the T-shaped pressure head 21 consists of a disc at the end part and a rod part integrally formed with the disc, the diameter of the rod part is the same as that of the end part of the base 28, a sample to be tested is placed between the rod part of the T-shaped pressure head 21 and the end part of the base 28 in an experiment, the diameter of the sample to be tested is the same as that of the T-shaped pressure head rod 21 and that of the end part of the base 28, the diameter of the disc at the end part of the T-shaped pressure head 21 is 4-8 times of that of the rod part, the mass of the disc at the end part of the T-shaped pressure head 21 is 8-30 times of that of the rod part, after the disc of the T-shaped pressure head 21 is impacted by the impacting body, accelerated motion towards the direction of the sample to be tested is generated, after the sample to be tested is impacted, because the disc of the T-shaped pressure head 21 has larger mass and the inertia force is larger than the rebound force of the impacting impact, the T-shaped pressure head 21 can continue to move towards the direction of the sample to be tested, so that the pulse time acted on the sample to be tested is prolonged, the ms magnitude is reached;
the sample sleeve 27 is arranged outside the sample to be detected and is fixedly connected with the base 28;
the speed sensor 23 is arranged on the inner surface of the coaxial guide cylinder 22, and when the T-shaped pressure head 21 is impacted and moves along the inner surface of the coaxial guide cylinder 22, the speed sensor 23 measures the impact speed of the T-shaped pressure head 21;
the strain sensor 24 is arranged on the outer side surface of the rod part of the T-shaped pressure head 21;
the pressure sensor 26 is arranged on the surface of the end part of the base 28, which is contacted with the sample to be measured;
the coaxial guide cylinder 22, the base 28, the T-shaped pressure head 21 and the sample sleeve 27 are coaxially arranged;
the axis of the gun barrel 11 and the axis of the coaxial guide barrel 22 are on the same horizontal line.
The axial distance between one end face of the gun barrel 11 and the end face of the coaxial guide barrel 22 opposite to the end face is 2-4 times of the length of the central impactor.
The axial distance between the impact surface of the impact body and the end disc surface of the T-shaped pressure head 21 is greater than the impact speed v of the impact body multiplied by the pressure pulse width T of the sample to be measured.
The barrel 11, the impact body, the T-shaped ram 21 and the coaxial guide cylinder 22 are all made of steel, and the strength of the T-shaped ram 21 is greater than that of the impact body.
Before the test, the material, mass ratio, size and impact velocity of each impactor need to be designed, the material and mass determine the peak value of each pulse, the axial distance and velocity of the impact surfaces of adjacent impactors determine the time interval of the pulse width, and the time interval is larger than the pulse width. During testing, gunpowder burns to drive each impact body to move in a gun barrel in an accelerated manner, each impact body flies out of the gun barrel to sequentially impact the T-shaped pressure head at a certain speed and a certain time interval, due to the inertia effect caused by the structural characteristics of the T-shaped pressure head, each impact enables the T-shaped pressure head to generate long-time pressure pulse to a sample to be tested, the pulse width of a single pulse can reach the ms magnitude, the coaxial guide cylinder can enable the pulse pressure of the T-shaped pressure head to the sample to be tested to be always along the axial direction, the base can be installed on a large-mass steel ingot, no obvious rigid displacement is guaranteed to be generated, and the speed sensor, the strain sensor and the pressure sensor can monitor the test running state and measure the pressure pulse condition.
Examples
In the implementation, the number of the impact bodies is 3, and the impact bodies comprise a central impact body A12, a cylindrical impact body B13 and a cylindrical impact body C14, the impact bodies are made of steel, the mass of each impact body is 7.8kg, the mass of each impact body is 10.9kg, the mass of each impact body is 10.5kg, the height of each impact body differs by 60mm, the designed impact speed is 60m/s, the cylindrical impact body B13 is sleeved on a T-shaped structural rod part of the central impact body A12, and the cylindrical impact body C14 is sleeved on the outer side of the cylindrical impact body B13; 3 impact bodies are all placed in the gun barrel 1, the diameter of the end of the T-shaped structure of the central impact body A12 is equal to the inner diameter of the gun barrel 11, and 3 impact bodies are determined to be coaxial by the gun barrel.
The T-shaped pressure head 21 is made of steel, the diameter of a disc at the end of the T-shaped pressure head is 240mm, the thickness of the disc is 50mm, the diameter of the rod of the T-shaped pressure head 21 is 60mm, a sample 25 to be tested is an explosive simulation material, the performance of the explosive simulation material is similar to that of an explosive, the diameter of the explosive simulation material is 60mm, the height of the explosive simulation material is 40mm, the coaxial guide cylinder 22, the sample sleeve 27 and the base 28 are made of steel, the thickness of the coaxial guide cylinder 22 is 20mm, and the thickness of the sample sleeve 27 is 40 mm.
The specific test procedure of this example is as follows: the ignition switch is turned on to ignite gunpowder, the gunpowder burns to drive the central impact body A12, the cylindrical impact body B13 and the cylindrical impact body C14 to accelerate gradually, the gunpowder flies out of the gun barrel 11 and impacts the T-shaped pressure head 21 in sequence, the acting force is transmitted to the sample 25 to be tested, the speed sensor 23, the strain sensor 24 and the pressure sensor 26 respectively acquire the speed of the rear surface of the end disc of the T-shaped pressure head 21, the strain information of the rod part of the T-shaped pressure head 21 and the pressure signal of the bottom surface of the sample 25 to be tested, the impact bodies rebound in sequence after impact, the pressure signal is attenuated to 0, and the test is finished.
The specific test results of this example are as follows: the actual impact speed of the central impact body A12, the cylinder impact body B13 and the cylinder impact body C14 is 55m/s, a curve of the change of the pressure of the bottom surface of a sample to be tested along with time is given in figure 2, the horizontal axis is time and the unit is ms, the vertical axis is pressure and the unit is MPa, the compression process of the sample to be tested is about 3.9ms, generally 3 pressure pulses are provided, the pulses are continuous, the pulse width of each pulse is about 1.3ms, the pressure peak value is about 550MPa, and the test result shows that the multi-pulse loading with the pulse width up to ms magnitude, high pulse impact pressure and good continuity can be realized.
Claims (4)
1. A gunpowder drive-based long pulse width multi-pulse loading test device is characterized by comprising: the multi-pulse loading assembly and the sample fixing assembly are arranged coaxially at a certain distance;
the multi-pulse loading assembly comprises a gun barrel and an impact body;
the gun barrel is in a hollow cylindrical shape;
the percussion bodies are arranged in the gun barrel, and the percussion bodies are multiple and comprise a central percussion body and a plurality of cylindrical percussion bodies; wherein
The central impact body is of a T-shaped structure; the inner diameters of the cylinders of the multiple cylinder impact bodies are different, the cylinder impact body with the smallest inner diameter is sleeved on the rod part of the T-shaped structure of the central impact body, the other cylinder impact bodies are sequentially sleeved on the outer side of the cylinder impact body with the smallest inner diameter from small to large according to the diameters, a gap is reserved between the inner wall and the outer wall of each two adjacent cylinder impact bodies to reduce friction, and the non-impact surfaces of all the cylinder impact bodies are abutted against the end part of the T-shaped structure of the central impact body; the length of each impact body is sequentially decreased from the center to the outermost side, and each impact body and the gun barrel are coaxial;
the sample fixing assembly includes: the device comprises a coaxial guide cylinder, a base, a T-shaped pressure head, a sample sleeve, a speed sensor, a strain sensor and a pressure sensor;
the coaxial guide cylinder is a hollow cylinder;
the cross section of the base is in a convex shape and is integrally formed by a round end part with a smaller diameter and a round bottom part with a larger diameter, and the base is arranged at one end inside the coaxial guide cylinder and is connected with the coaxial guide cylinder;
the T-shaped pressure head is positioned at the other end in the coaxial guide cylinder, the T-shaped pressure head consists of an end part disc and a rod part which is integrally formed with the end part disc, the diameter of the rod part of the T-shaped pressure head is the same as that of the end part of the base, a sample to be tested is placed between the rod part of the T-shaped pressure head and the end part of the base in an experiment, and the diameter of the sample to be tested is the same as that of the rod part of the T-shaped pressure head and that of the end part of the base; the diameter of the end part disc of the T-shaped pressure head is 4-8 times of the diameter of the rod part of the T-shaped pressure head, and the mass of the end part disc of the T-shaped pressure head is 8-30 times of the mass of the rod part of the T-shaped pressure head;
the sample sleeve is sleeved outside the sample to be detected and is fixedly connected with the base;
the speed sensor is arranged on the inner surface of the coaxial guide cylinder, and measures the impact speed of the T-shaped pressure head when the T-shaped pressure head is impacted and moves along the inner surface of the coaxial guide cylinder;
the strain sensor is arranged on the outer side surface of the rod part of the T-shaped pressure head;
the pressure sensor is arranged on the surface of the end part I of the base, which is contacted with the sample to be detected;
the coaxial guide cylinder, the base, the T-shaped pressure head and the sample sleeve are coaxially arranged;
the gun barrel and the axis of the coaxial guide barrel are positioned on the same horizontal line.
2. The powder-drive-based long pulse width multi-pulse loading test device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distance between the end face of the gun barrel and the end face of the coaxial guide barrel opposite to the end face of the gun barrel is 2-4 times of the length of the central impactor.
3. The powder-drive-based long-pulse-width multi-pulse loading test device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distance between the impact surface of the impact body and the disc surface at the end of the T-shaped pressure head is greater than the impact speed v x the pressure pulse width T of the sample to be tested of the impact body.
4. The powder-drive-based long pulse width multi-pulse loading test device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the barrel, the impactor, the T-shaped pressure head and the coaxial guide cylinder are all made of steel, and the strength of the T-shaped pressure head is greater than that of the impactor.
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| 杨坤 等: "多脉冲复合射孔器研制与应用", 石油管材与仪器 * |
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| CN113848132B (en) | 2023-07-04 |
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