CN113841814A - Feed suitable for polyculture of Pacific saury and Macrobrachium nipponense and pollution-free polyculture method thereof - Google Patents
Feed suitable for polyculture of Pacific saury and Macrobrachium nipponense and pollution-free polyculture method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/116—Heterocyclic compounds
- A23K20/121—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen or sulfur as hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention discloses a feed suitable for polyculture of Pacific saury and Macrobrachium nipponensis and a pollution-free polyculture method thereof, wherein the feed formula comprises the following components: 24-42 parts of vegetable scraps, 5-10 parts of black soldier fly powder, 5-10 parts of fly maggot powder, 15-20 parts of yam powder, 3-8 parts of immunopotentiator, 2-6 parts of compound vitamin, 2-4 parts of angelica dahurica, 5-15 parts of white radish, 2-4 parts of white poria, 25-40 parts of flour, 5-10 parts of lard oil, 1-2 parts of coconut oil and 15-20 parts of soybean oil. The feed has balanced nutrition, meets the nutritional requirements of Basha fish and Macrobrachium nipponensis, can induce fish and shrimp to take food, and has high growth speed, high weight and high survival rate. By adopting the feed, a large amount of the Pacific saury and the Macrobrachium nipponensis can be collected in a short time, and the economic benefit is improved. Meanwhile, the polyculture method provided by the invention is that a large net cage A is arranged in a shrimp culture pond, a net cage B is embedded in the large net cage, and the basha fish is cultured in the net cage B; the macrobrachium nipponense adopts a culture mode of feeding at intervals, and only mixed feed is fed. The method has the advantages of low modification cost of the prawn pond, easy implementation, simple operation and suitability for popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cultivation, and particularly relates to a feed suitable for polyculture of Pacific saury and Macrobrachium nipponensis and a pollution-free polyculture method thereof.
Background
Basha fish, latin scientific name: pangasius bocourti, a catfish belonging to the genus of omnivorous animals, is popular with farmers and consumers because of its advantages of fast growth, large size, easy feeding, white and tender meat quality, delicious taste, rich nutrition, no small thorns between muscles, and easy processing. The basha fish is an important freshwater aquaculture variety in southeast Asia countries, and is distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan in a small amount at home. The domestic yield is low, and the market demand cannot be met. The basha fish is suitable for growing in fish cages, net cages and ponds, lakes and reservoirs with higher dissolved oxygen. The basha fish belongs to tropical fish, has strict requirements on water temperature, is not cold-resistant, has the optimal growth temperature of 25-30 ℃, slowly grows along with the reduction of the water temperature, stops feeding when the water temperature is less than or equal to 16 ℃, and is frozen or killed when the water temperature is less than or equal to 10 ℃. The sparassis is suitable for single culture, and for mixed culture, the sparassis is suitable for mixed culture with filter-feeding and herbivorous fishes, and is not suitable for mixed culture with omnivorous fishes, and slightly alkaline water quality is required.
Macrobrachium nipponensis (the name of Macrobrachium nipponense) is a species of Macrobrachium, commonly called freshwater shrimp or river shrimp, inhabits in the slow stream of aquatic weeds such as fresh water lakes, rivers, reservoirs, ponds and ditches, and belongs to omnivorous animals. The optimal water temperature for the growth of the macrobrachium nipponense is 25-30 ℃. Ingestion is started when the water temperature is more than 10 ℃, the ingestion is gradually enhanced along with the rise of the water temperature, but when the water temperature is more than 30 ℃, the respiration frequency is increased due to insufficient dissolved oxygen, the ingestion stopping and floating are easily caused, and when the water temperature is less than 8 ℃, the food enters the wintering period, the ingestion is not performed, and the growth is stopped.
The Pacific acid fish and the Macrobrachium nipponensis are economic fishes with higher economic value. The method has the advantages that the culture pond can be fully utilized by carrying out fish and shrimp mixed culture on the basha fish and the macrobrachium nipponensis, the culture cost is reduced, the culture success rate is improved, and the benefit is improved. However, the demand of the nutrient for the basha fish and the macrobrachium nipponensis is different, and different feeds are generally required to be fed respectively, which brings certain difficulty to the mixed culture of the basha fish and the macrobrachium nipponensis and is not beneficial to the control of the culture cost. Therefore, it is highly desirable to provide a mixed-culture feed which satisfies both nutritional requirements. On the other hand, macrobrachium nipponensis undergoes shelling in the growth and development process, and is in a soft state within a certain time after shelling, and has poor resistance to the outside. Since the Pacific fish is a omnivorous animal, and Japanese macrobrachium nipponensis (particularly Japanese macrobrachium nipponensis at the time of shelling) is easily preyed on by the Pacific fish when Japanese macrobrachium nipponensis and the Pacific fish are mixedly cultured, a culture method suitable for the mixedly culture of the two is required.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the disadvantages of the prior art, the present invention is directed to solving the above problems by providing a feed suitable for polyculture of Pacific cod and Macrobrachium nipponensis and a pollution-free polyculture method thereof.
The scheme of the invention comprises the following contents:
a feed suitable for polyculture of basha fish and macrobrachium nipponensis comprises the following components in parts by mass: 24-42 parts of vegetable scraps, 5-10 parts of black soldier fly powder, 5-10 parts of fly maggot powder, 15-20 parts of yam powder, 3-8 parts of immunopotentiator, 2-6 parts of compound vitamin, 2-4 parts of angelica dahurica, 5-15 parts of white radish, 2-4 parts of white poria, 25-40 parts of flour, 5-10 parts of lard oil, 1-2 parts of coconut oil and 15-20 parts of soybean oil.
The immunopotentiator comprises dextran and/or chitosan.
Preferably, the feed also comprises 3-5 parts of underground tubers of stachys sieboldii and 3-5 parts of guava leaf oil.
Preferably, the feed also comprises dahurian angelica root coumaric acid fermentation powder, wherein the dahurian angelica root coumaric acid fermentation powder is as follows: adding radix angelicae powder and coumaric acid into the mixture according to the ratio of the material to the liquid of 1-2 g/mL, wherein the concentration of the mixture is 1-1.5 multiplied by 105And (3) fermenting the cfu/mL trichoderma viride liquid for 24-48 h at the temperature of 30-35 ℃, and drying to obtain fermentation powder.
More preferably, the addition amount of the dahurian angelica coumaric acid fermentation powder is 3-5 parts by mass. The mass ratio of the angelica dahurica powder to the coumaric acid is (4-6): 1.
Preferably, the vegetable scraps are prepared by crushing edible wild vegetables, and the edible wild vegetables are selected from one or more of revolutionary vegetables, white cauliflower, purslane and piper pentandra leaves.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the feed, which comprises the following steps:
s1: weighing other raw materials except lard oil, coconut oil and soybean oil, mixing and stirring uniformly, crushing and sieving;
s2: mixing sieved raw materials with adeps Sus Domestica, oleum Cocois and soybean oil, and granulating;
s3: and drying the prepared granules at 65-75 ℃ to obtain the feed granules.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a pollution-free polyculture method of Pacific saury and Macrobrachium nipponensis, comprising:
(1) a net cage A is arranged in the shrimp culture pond, and a net cage B is embedded in the net cage A; breeding the basha fish in the net cage B;
(2) putting the fries and the shrimp fries separately, putting the fries of the basha fish in the net cage B, wherein the putting density of the fries is 2000-2500 tails/mu, after 15-20 days, putting a first batch of shrimp fries along the pond edge in the shrimp culture pond, and then putting a batch of shrimp fries every 20-22 days, wherein the total putting density of the shrimp fries is 3000-4000 tails/mu;
(3) feeding: feeding feed which accounts for 5-8% of the mass of the Bass sand fish every day; 30-35% of the total feeding amount of the macrobrachium nipponense culture area, and 65-70% of the total feeding amount of the pasha fish culture area;
(4) water body conditions: dissolved oxygen during cultivation>4mg/L, pH value of 7.3-8.5, water transparency>50cm, the water temperature is 15-30 ℃, and the content of the bacillus subtilis in the water is maintained at (2.0-2.5) multiplied by 106cfu/mL。
Preferably, the granularity of the feed fed by the macrobrachium nipponense is 1-1.5 mm; the feed granularity of 50 g/feed fed before the tail of the barnyard grass carp is 1-2 mm, and the feed granularity of feed fed later is 3-5 mm.
Preferably, the water temperature is 25-30 ℃ in the culture process.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention firstly provides the feed suitable for polyculture of the palatinosa and the macrobrachium nipponensis, the proportion of organic fiber, vitamin, protein and grease is reasonably prepared, the nutrition of the feed is balanced, the nutritional requirements of the palatinosa and the macrobrachium nipponensis are met, the feed can be induced to be taken by the fishes and the shrimps, the growth speed of the fishes and the shrimps is high, the weight of the fishes and the shrimps is improved, a large amount of commercial palatinosa and the macrobrachium nipponensis are obtained in a short period, and the economic benefit is improved. The feed can effectively improve the resistance of the fries of the basha fish and the macrobrachium nipponensis to the environment and improve the survival rate.
The invention also discovers that underground tubers of the Chinese artichoke and the guava leaf oil in the feed influence the low-temperature tolerance of the snapdragon and the macrobrachium nipponensis. When the feed containing the dahurian angelica root coumaric acid fermentation powder is fed, the muscles of the basha fish are white, the meat quality is white and tender, and the contents of lutein and zeaxanthin in the muscles are obviously reduced.
In the polyculture process, a large net cage A is arranged in a shrimp pond, 5 net cages B are embedded in the large net cage, and the basha fish is cultured in the net cages B; the macrobrachium nipponensis adopts a culture mode of feeding at intervals, and only feeds are fed in mixed culture, and no extra feed is fed in. By adopting the method, the shrimp pond is low in modification cost, easy to implement, simple to operate and suitable for popularization.
The feed and the mixed culture method provided by the invention do not use toxic additives, the feed raw materials are safe, and the cultured mud fishes and macrobrachium nipponensis have no toxic and harmful substance residues.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a farming system. 1 is a shrimp culture pond; a is a net cage A; b is a net cage B; 2 is a feed feeding platform; and 3, an oxygen generator.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the invention, specific examples are provided below to further illustrate the invention.
The parts described in the following examples and comparative examples are parts by weight.
The vitamin complex used in the following examples and comparative examples is niacin 70g, vitamin B230g, vitamin A28 g and vitamin B625g of vitamin B1220g, 30g of vitamin C monophosphate ester and vitamin D320g, vitamin E45 g, vitamin K312 g, vitamin B150g, 30g of vitamin H, 55g of calcium pantothenate, 25g of folic acid and 60g of inositol.
The immunopotentiators used in the following examples and comparative examples were equal-mass dextran and chitosan, and the phagostimulant was taurine.
The vegetable scraps described in the following examples and comparative examples are prepared by pulverizing edible wild vegetables selected from Piper hancei leaves. In the actual application process, revolutionary vegetables, cleome gynandra, purslane and the like can also be selected.
Example 1 feed (1)
The adhesive comprises the following components in parts by mass: 24 parts of vegetable scraps, 5 parts of black soldier fly powder, 5 parts of fly maggot powder, 20 parts of yam powder, 8 parts of immunopotentiator, 6 parts of compound vitamin, 2 parts of angelica dahurica, 15 parts of white radish, 4 parts of white poria, 40 parts of flour, 5 parts of lard, 1 part of coconut oil and 15 parts of soybean oil.
Example 2 feed 2
The adhesive comprises the following components in parts by mass: 42 parts of vegetable scraps, 10 parts of black soldier fly powder, 10 parts of fly maggot powder, 15 parts of yam powder, 3 parts of immunopotentiator, 2 parts of compound vitamin, 4 parts of angelica dahurica, 5 parts of white radish, 2 parts of white poria, 25 parts of flour, 10 parts of lard oil, 2 parts of coconut oil and 20 parts of soybean oil.
Example 3 feed
The adhesive comprises the following components in parts by mass: 24 parts of vegetable scraps, 5 parts of black soldier fly powder, 5 parts of fly maggot powder, 20 parts of yam powder, 8 parts of immunopotentiator, 6 parts of compound vitamin, 2 parts of angelica dahurica, 15 parts of white radish, 4 parts of white poria, 32 parts of flour, 5 parts of lard, 1 part of coconut oil, 15 parts of soybean oil, 3 parts of underground rhizoma Humatae Tyermanni tubers and 5 parts of guava leaf oil.
Example 4 feed
The adhesive comprises the following components in parts by mass: 24 parts of vegetable scraps, 5 parts of black soldier fly powder, 5 parts of fly maggot powder, 20 parts of yam powder, 8 parts of immunopotentiator, 6 parts of compound vitamin, 2 parts of angelica dahurica, 15 parts of white radish, 4 parts of white poria, 32 parts of flour, 5 parts of lard, 1 part of coconut oil, 15 parts of soybean oil, 5 parts of stachys sieboldii underground tubers and 3 parts of guava leaf oil.
Example 5 feed-
The adhesive comprises the following components in parts by mass: 24 parts of vegetable scraps, 5 parts of black soldier fly powder, 5 parts of fly maggot powder, 20 parts of yam powder, 8 parts of an immunopotentiator, 6 parts of compound vitamin, 2 parts of angelica dahurica, 15 parts of white radish, 4 parts of white poria, 29 parts of flour, 5 parts of lard, 1 part of coconut oil, 15 parts of soybean oil, 5 parts of underground rhizoma Humatae Tyermanni tubers, 3 parts of guava leaf oil and 3 parts of angelica dahurica coumaric acid fermentation powder.
The radix angelicae coumaric acid fermentation powder is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: adding radix Angelicae Dahuricae powder and coumaric acid (6:1) into the mixture at a ratio of 1g/mL to 10%5And (3) fermenting the cfu/mL trichoderma viride liquid for 48h at the temperature of 30-35 ℃, and drying to obtain fermentation powder.
EXAMPLE 6 feed
The adhesive comprises the following components in parts by mass: 24 parts of vegetable scraps, 5 parts of black soldier fly powder, 5 parts of fly maggot powder, 20 parts of yam powder, 8 parts of an immunopotentiator, 6 parts of compound vitamin, 2 parts of angelica dahurica, 15 parts of white radish, 4 parts of white poria, 27 parts of flour, 5 parts of lard, 1 part of coconut oil, 15 parts of soybean oil, 5 parts of underground rhizoma Humatae Tyermanni tubers, 3 parts of guava leaf oil and 5 parts of angelica dahurica coumaric acid fermentation powder.
The radix angelicae coumaric acid fermentation powder is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: adding radix Angelicae Dahuricae powder and coumaric acid (4:1) into the mixture at a ratio of 2g/mL to 105And (3) fermenting the cfu/mL trichoderma viride liquid for 24h at the temperature of 30-35 ℃, and drying to obtain fermentation powder.
Comparative example 1 feed
The adhesive comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10 parts of vegetable scraps, 14 parts of black soldier fly powder, 5 parts of fly maggot powder, 20 parts of yam powder, 8 parts of immunopotentiator, 6 parts of compound vitamin, 2 parts of angelica dahurica, 4 parts of white radish, 10 parts of white poria, 50 parts of flour, 1 part of lard, 5 parts of coconut oil and 15 parts of soybean oil.
The preparation method of the feed comprises the following steps:
s1: weighing other raw materials except lard oil, coconut oil and soybean oil, mixing and stirring uniformly, crushing and sieving with a 80-mesh sieve;
s2: mixing sieved raw materials with lard, coconut oil and soybean oil uniformly, and extruding and granulating by adopting a granulator;
s3: and drying the prepared granules at 65-75 ℃ to obtain the feed granules.
Comparative example 2
Domestic freshwater fish general feed.
TABLE 1
Example 7 pollution-free polyculture method of Pacific saury and Macrobrachium nipponensis
(1) Arranging net cages A in the shrimp culture pond, uniformly embedding 5 net cages B in the net cages A, and arranging an aerator in the net cages B; breeding the basha fish in the net cage B; the distance between the lower edges of the net cage A and the net cage B and the bottom of the shrimp culture pond is not less than 35cm, and the distance between the edge of the net cage A and the edge of the shrimp culture pond is about 2.0 m; the ratio of the length and the width of the shrimp culture pond to the length and the width of the net cage A is 10: 7; the width of the net cage A and the length of the net cage B are both 10m, and the width of the net cage B is 3.5 m; the water depth of the shrimp culture pond is 1.2-1.5 m; the mesh density of the net cage is determined according to the size of the shrimp larvae, so that the shrimp larvae cannot enter the breeding area of the basha fish;
(2) simultaneously putting the fry and the shrimp fries, putting the fries of the basha fishes (the specification is 8-12 g/tail and 2500 tails/mu) in the net cage B, and putting the shrimp fries (the specification is 0.2-0.5 g/tail and 4000 tails/mu) along the pond edge in the shrimp culture pond;
(3) feeding: feeding feed which accounts for 5-6% of the mass of the basha fish every day, and feeding the feed once in the morning and at night without additionally feeding shrimp bait; 35% of the total feeding amount is put into the macrobrachium nipponense culture area, and 65% of the total feeding amount is put into the pasha fish culture area; the granularity of the feed fed by the macrobrachium nipponense is 1-1.5 mm; the feed granularity fed before the mass of the barnyard grass carp body is 50 g/tail is 1-2 mm, and the feed granularity fed later is 3-5 mm;
(4) water body conditions: dissolved oxygen during cultivation>4mg/L, pH value of 7.3-8.5, water transparency>50cm, water temperature of 25-30 ℃, and content of bacillus subtilis in the water is maintained at (2.0-2.5) x 106cfu/mL。
Example 8 pollution-free polyculture method of Pacific saury and Macrobrachium nipponensis
(1) Arranging net cages A in the shrimp culture pond, uniformly embedding 5 net cages B in the net cages A, and arranging an aerator in the net cages B; breeding the basha fish in the net cage B; the distance between the lower edges of the net cage A and the net cage B and the bottom of the shrimp culture pond is not less than 35cm, and the distance between the edge of the net cage A and the edge of the shrimp culture pond is about 2.0 m; the ratio of the length and the width of the shrimp culture pond to the length and the width of the net cage A is 10: 7; the width of the net cage A and the length of the net cage B are both 10m, and the width of the net cage B is 3.5 m; the water depth of the shrimp culture pond is 1.2-1.5 m; the mesh density of the net cage is determined according to the size of the shrimp larvae, so that the shrimp larvae cannot enter the breeding area of the basha fish;
(2) the method comprises the following steps of putting fries and shrimp fries separately, putting the fries of the basha fish (the specification is 8-12 g/tail, 2500 tail/mu) in a net cage B, after 15 days, putting a first batch of shrimp fries (the specification is 0.2-0.5 g/tail) along the pond edge in a shrimp culture pond, and then putting a batch of shrimp fries every 20-22 days, wherein the total putting density of the shrimp fries is 4000 tails/mu in a batch;
(3) feeding: feeding feed which accounts for 5-6% of the mass of the basha fish every day, and feeding the feed once in the morning and at night without additionally feeding shrimp bait; 35% of the total feeding amount is put into the macrobrachium nipponense culture area, and 65% of the total feeding amount is put into the pasha fish culture area; the granularity of the feed fed by the macrobrachium nipponense is 1-1.5 mm; the feed granularity fed before the mass of the barnyard grass carp body is 50 g/tail is 1-2 mm, and the feed granularity fed later is 3-5 mm;
(4) water body conditions: dissolved oxygen during cultivation>4mg/L, pH value of 7.3-8.5, water transparency>50cm, water temperature of 25-30 ℃, and content of bacillus subtilis in the water is maintained at (2.0-2.5) x 106cfu/mL。
Example 9 pollution-free Mixed culture method of Pacific saury and Macrobrachium nipponensis
(1) Arranging net cages A in the shrimp culture pond, uniformly embedding 5 net cages B in the net cages A, and arranging an aerator in the net cages B; breeding the basha fish in the net cage B; the distance between the lower edges of the net cage A and the net cage B and the bottom of the shrimp culture pond is not less than 35cm, and the distance between the edge of the net cage A and the edge of the shrimp culture pond is about 2.0 m; the ratio of the length and the width of the shrimp culture pond to the length and the width of the net cage A is 10: 7; the width of the net cage A and the length of the net cage B are both 10m, and the width of the net cage B is 3.5 m; the water depth of the shrimp culture pond is 1.2-1.5 m; the mesh density of the net cage is determined according to the size of the shrimp larvae, so that the shrimp larvae cannot enter the breeding area of the basha fish;
(2) the method comprises the following steps of putting fries and shrimp fries separately, putting the fries of the basha fish (the specification is 8-12 g/tail, 2000 tail/mu) in a net cage B, after 20 days, putting a first batch of shrimp fries (the specification is 0.2-0.5 g/tail) along the pond edge in a shrimp culture pond, and then putting a batch of shrimp fries every 20-22 days, wherein the total putting density of the shrimp fries is 3000 tail/mu;
(3) feeding: feeding feed which accounts for 7-8% of the mass of the basha fish every day, and feeding the feed once in the morning and at night without additionally feeding shrimp bait; 30% of the total feeding amount is put into the macrobrachium nipponense culture area, and 70% of the total feeding amount is put into the pasha fish culture area; the granularity of the feed fed by the macrobrachium nipponense is 1-1.5 mm; the feed granularity fed before the mass of the barnyard grass carp body is 50 g/tail is 1-2 mm, and the feed granularity fed later is 3-5 mm;
(4) water body conditions: dissolved oxygen during cultivation>4mg/L, pH value of 7.3-8.5, water transparency>50cm, water temperature of 25-30 ℃, and content of bacillus subtilis in the water is maintained at (2.0-2.5) x 106cfu/mL。
Example 10 pollution-free Mixed culture method of Saito and Macrobrachium nipponensis
(1) Arranging net cages A in the shrimp culture pond, uniformly embedding 5 net cages B in the net cages A, and arranging an aerator in the net cages B; breeding the basha fish in the net cage B; the distance between the lower edges of the net cage A and the net cage B and the bottom of the shrimp culture pond is not less than 35cm, and the distance between the edge of the net cage A and the edge of the shrimp culture pond is about 2.0 m; the ratio of the length and the width of the shrimp culture pond to the length and the width of the net cage A is 10: 7; the width of the net cage A and the length of the net cage B are both 10m, and the width of the net cage B is 3.5 m; the water depth of the shrimp culture pond is 1.2-1.5 m; the mesh density of the net cage is determined according to the size of the shrimp larvae, so that the shrimp larvae cannot enter the breeding area of the basha fish;
(2) the method comprises the following steps of putting fries and shrimp fries separately, putting the fries of the basha fish (the specification is 8-12 g/tail, 2000 tail/mu) in a net cage B, after 20 days, putting a first batch of shrimp fries (the specification is 0.2-0.5 g/tail) along the pond edge in a shrimp culture pond, and then putting a batch of shrimp fries every 20-22 days, wherein the total putting density of the shrimp fries is 3000 tail/mu;
(3) feeding: feeding feed which accounts for 7-8% of the mass of the basha fish every day, and feeding the feed once in the morning and at night without additionally feeding shrimp bait; 30% of the total feeding amount is put into the macrobrachium nipponense culture area, and 70% of the total feeding amount is put into the pasha fish culture area; the granularity of the feed fed by the macrobrachium nipponense is 1-1.5 mm; the feed granularity fed before the mass of the barnyard grass carp body is 50 g/tail is 1-2 mm, and the feed granularity fed later is 3-5 mm;
(4) water body conditions: dissolved oxygen during cultivation>4mg/L, pH value of 7.3-8.5, water transparency>50cm, culturing the fish fries at the water temperature of 15-17 ℃ for 10 days at the 120 th-130 th days after the fish fries are put into the culture pond, and keeping the water temperature at 25-30 ℃ at other times (keeping the speed at the temperature change not more than 1 ℃/h to avoid the violent stress reaction of the fish and the shrimps due to the violent temperature change), wherein the content of the bacillus subtilis in the water is kept (the content of the bacillus subtilis is maintained)2.0～2.5)×106cfu/mL。
Mixed culture test results:
1.1 the mixed culture of the Pacific saury and the Macrobrachium nipponensis is carried out by the mixed culture method of the embodiment 7 by adopting the feed of the first to the seventh and the common feed of domestic freshwater fish. After 200d of cultivation, the survival rate of the Pacific saury and the survival rate of the Macrobrachium nipponensis are recorded. Randomly selecting 20 fish tails of the Pacific saury and 100 tails of the Macrobrachium nipponensis, recording the weight of the fish or the shrimp, and calculating the average weight. Three replicates were tested and the values are expressed as mean. + -. standard deviation and the results are given in Table 2.
Survival rate (%) — survival/number of administrations × 100
TABLE 2
The survival rate of the Pacific saury and the Macrobrachium nipponense fed with the feed is high, the survival rate of the fish is over 90 percent, the survival rate of the Macrobrachium nipponense is over 82 percent, the growth speed is high, the average weight of the Pacific saury is over 1300 g/tail after 200d cultivation, and the weight of the Macrobrachium nipponense is over 10.0 g/tail.
1.2 polyculture of the Pacific saury and the Macrobrachium nipponensis is carried out by adopting the polyculture method of the embodiment 7-9 respectively, and feed is fed. After 200d of cultivation, the survival rate of the Pacific saury and the survival rate of the Macrobrachium nipponensis are recorded. Randomly selecting 20 fish tails of the Pacific saury and 100 tails of the Macrobrachium nipponensis, recording the weight of the fish or the shrimp, and calculating the average weight. The results show that compared with example 7, the mixed culture methods of examples 8 and 9 can effectively improve the survival rate of the macrobrachium nipponensis to be more than 95.2-96.7%, the average weight of the macrobrachium nipponensis reaches 13.2-13.8 g, and the weight and the survival rate of the snapdragon are not obviously changed. It is suggested that the batch feeding of shrimp larvae is beneficial to improving the survival rate and the weight of the macrobrachium nipponensis.
The optimum water temperature of the basha fish and the macrobrachium nipponensis is about 25-30 ℃, the food intake is reduced and even the food is stopped as the water temperature is reduced, the life is maintained by consuming the energy in the body, the fat loss can be caused, the liver and the intestinal tract can be damaged, the physique is reduced, and the survival rate is reduced. The inventor further researches and discovers that underground tubers of the Chinese artichoke and the guava leaf oil in the feed influence the low-temperature tolerance of the fishes and the shrimps. When the feed (c) and the feed (c) were mixed-cultured by the method (c) of example 9 and the method (c) of example 10, respectively, the indexes were as shown in table 3.
TABLE 3
The results show that various indexes such as the survival rate of fishes and shrimps are slightly reduced under the low-temperature condition of 10 days in the fourth method compared with the third method. However, when the feed is fed, all indexes under the low-temperature condition are obviously superior to those of the feed feeding group I. The low-temperature tolerance of the fishes and the shrimps is improved by the underground tubers of the Chinese artichoke and the guava leaf oil.
1.3 Fish muscle lutein and zeaxanthin content determination
The muscle color comparison shows that when the feed containing the dahurian angelica coumaric acid fermentation powder is fed, the muscles of the basha fish are white, and the meat quality is white and tender. Lutein and zeaxanthin are widely present in plants, fruits thereof and flowers, and are the main factors affecting the color change of the muscles of the Pacific carps. The inventor detects the content of lutein in the muscles of the basha fish fed with the feeds (i), (v) and (sixty) and the universal feed for domestic freshwater fish in 1.1 and the muscles of commercial basha fish (about 1000 g/tail) sold in Hainan (all cultured for 200d by adopting the mixed culture method of the embodiment 7). The detection method refers to Zhaoyuan high performance liquid chromatography (influence of corn protein powder on the color change of the muscle of the basha fish, fresh water fishery, 2012,42(2):76-79.6. Zhaoyuan, poplar, Liu Yan Ming and the like), standard curves are drawn through standard products, and the lutein content and the zeaxanthin content are measured by a standard curve method. Three replicates were tested. The results are shown in Table 4, with values expressed as mean. + -. standard deviation.
TABLE 4
| Lutein (mg/kg) | Zeaxanthin (mg/kg) | |
| Muscle of feeding |
0.138±0.02 | 0.310±0.01 |
| Feeding the muscles of feed | 0.022±0.00 | 0.053±0.00 |
| Muscle fed with feed | 0.023±0.00 | 0.052±0.00 |
| Muscle for feeding domestic freshwater fish general feed | 1.200±0.02 | 0.617±0.02 |
| Commercial Pacific saury muscle | 0.827±0.03 | 0.543±0.02 |
The results show that: compared with the commercial Basha fish, the Basha fish fed with the feeds including the first, fifth and sixth is whiter and tender in muscle, and the contents of lutein and zeaxanthin in the muscle are obviously reduced. Wherein, the contents of lutein and zeaxanthin in the muscles of the salsa fish fed with the feed fifth and sixth (p is less than 0.01) are obviously lower than those of the feed group I.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. The feed suitable for polyculture of the basha fish and the macrobrachium nipponensis is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass: 24-42 parts of vegetable scraps, 5-10 parts of black soldier fly powder, 5-10 parts of fly maggot powder, 15-20 parts of yam powder, 3-8 parts of immunopotentiator, 2-6 parts of compound vitamin, 2-4 parts of angelica dahurica, 5-15 parts of white radish, 2-4 parts of white poria, 25-40 parts of flour, 5-10 parts of lard oil, 1-2 parts of coconut oil and 15-20 parts of soybean oil.
2. The feed of claim 1, wherein the immunopotentiator comprises dextran and/or chitosan.
3. The feed according to claim 1, further comprising 3 to 5 parts of underground tubers of stachys sieboldii and 3 to 5 parts of guava leaf oil.
4. The feed of claim 1, further comprising dahurian angelica coumaric acid baking powder, wherein the dahurian angelica coumaric acid baking powder is: adding radix angelicae powder and coumaric acid into the mixture according to the ratio of the material to the liquid of 1-2 g/mL, wherein the concentration of the mixture is 1-1.5 multiplied by 105And (3) fermenting the cfu/mL trichoderma viride liquid for 24-48 h at the temperature of 30-35 ℃, and drying to obtain fermentation powder.
5. The feed as claimed in claim 4, wherein the addition amount of the dahurian angelica coumaric acid fermentation powder is 3-5 parts by mass.
6. The feed as claimed in claim 4, wherein the mass ratio of the radix angelicae powder to the coumaric acid is (4-6): 1.
7. The feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vegetable scraps are crushed edible wild vegetables selected from one or more of revolutionary vegetables, white cauliflower, purslane and Piper hancei.
8. The process for preparing the feed of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
s1: weighing other raw materials except lard oil, coconut oil and soybean oil, mixing and stirring uniformly, crushing and sieving;
s2: mixing sieved raw materials with adeps Sus Domestica, oleum Cocois and soybean oil, and granulating;
s3: and drying the prepared granules at 65-75 ℃ to obtain the feed granules.
9. A pollution-free polyculture method of a palatefull and macrobrachium nipponense is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) a net cage A is arranged in the shrimp culture pond, and a net cage B is embedded in the net cage A; breeding the basha fish in the net cage B;
(2) putting the fries and the shrimp fries separately, putting the fries of the basha fish in the net cage B, wherein the putting density of the fries is 2000-2500 tails/mu, after 15-20 days, putting a first batch of shrimp fries along the pond edge in the shrimp culture pond, and then putting a batch of shrimp fries every 20-22 days, wherein the total putting density of the shrimp fries is 3000-4000 tails/mu;
(3) feeding: feeding feed which accounts for 5-8% of the mass of the Bass sand fish every day; 30-35% of the total feeding amount of the macrobrachium nipponense culture area, and 65-70% of the total feeding amount of the pasha fish culture area;
(4) water body conditions: dissolved oxygen during cultivation>4mg/L, pH value of 7.3-8.5, water transparency>50cm, the water temperature is 15-30 ℃, and the content of the bacillus subtilis in the water is maintained at (2.0-2.5) multiplied by 106cfu/mL。
10. The nuisanceless polyculture method of the palaemon fasciatus and the macrobrachium nipponensis according to claim 9, wherein the feed grain size fed by the macrobrachium nipponensis is 1 to 1.5 mm; the feed granularity of 50 g/feed fed before the tail of the barnyard grass carp is 1-2 mm, and the feed granularity of feed fed later is 3-5 mm.
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