CN113841551A - 一种花生种植用全生物降解地膜 - Google Patents

一种花生种植用全生物降解地膜 Download PDF

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CN113841551A
CN113841551A CN202110901720.5A CN202110901720A CN113841551A CN 113841551 A CN113841551 A CN 113841551A CN 202110901720 A CN202110901720 A CN 202110901720A CN 113841551 A CN113841551 A CN 113841551A
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parts
light stabilizer
mulching film
hydrolysis
resistant layer
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王凡
郝艳平
田洪池
陈军
牛茂平
赵宁
艾雪
刘杨
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SHANDONG DAWN POLYMER CO Ltd
Qingdao Rioh Plastic New Material Co ltd
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Abstract

一种花生种植用全生物降解地膜，包括耐热层、阻隔层和耐水解层；所述的耐热层的原料成分：PBAT70‑90份、PBS0‑20份、PLA0‑5份、无机填料0‑20份、扩链剂0.1‑2份、光稳定剂0.3‑4份、抗氧剂0.1‑0.5份、爽滑剂0.1‑0.5份；所述的阻隔层的原料成分：PBAT40‑70份、改性PPC0‑30份、PLA3‑10份、无机填料5‑30份、扩链剂0.3‑2、光稳定剂0.2‑3份、抗氧剂0.1‑0.5份、开口剂0.1‑2份、爽滑剂0.2‑3份；所述的耐水解层的原料成分：PBAT75‑94份、PLA0‑10份、无机填料0‑5份、扩链剂0.5‑3、光稳定剂0.1‑0.8份、抗氧剂0.1‑0.5份、抗水解剂0.2‑3份。本发明采用三层共挤的方法制备得到，避免了单层吹膜生产过程中各层所需不能被同时满足的弊端。

Description

一种花生种植用全生物降解地膜
技术领域
本发明属于降解地膜领域，具体地说是一种花生种植用全生物降解地膜。
背景技术
由于农用地膜的使用，有效的控制了土壤的温度和湿度，减少了水分和营养物的流失，促进了农作物的高产和稳产，从而增加了农业生产效益。但与此同时，由于地膜的一次性使用，每年都会有大量的残膜留在土壤里，而这些残留地膜在自然界中很难降解，在土壤中形成阻隔层，使土壤中的水、气、肥等流动受阻，造成土壤结构板结，严重危害生态环境，造成白色污染。因此，解决残膜污染土壤问题已成为地膜覆盖栽培技术的当务之急，为了解决这一问题，可降解地膜的研究应运而生。
在山东地区春花生种植是在4月底到5月初，成熟期在8月底到9月初，生长过程中需要一定的光照、温度和湿度，因此花生地膜需要高透光度、高耐热性和高阻隔性。但现有的生物降解地膜多以PLA和PBAT为主要原料，PLA和PBAT虽然具有良好的生物降解性，但是其阻隔性和耐候性较差，PBAT的水蒸气透过率高达到1080g/m2·24h，增加地膜厚度可提高其阻隔性能，但成本又太高。同时夏季中午的光照强烈，在高温下的强光照射会加速降解地膜的老化和水分的蒸发，保墒性明显下降，从而导致在花生种植过程中减产现象的发生。
发明内容
本发明提供一种花生种植用全生物降解地膜，用以解决现有技术中的缺陷。
本发明通过以下技术方案予以实现：
一种花生种植用全生物降解地膜，包括耐热层、阻隔层和耐水解层；
所述的耐热层的原料成分：PBAT 70-90份、PBS 0-20份、PLA0-5份、无机填料0-20份、扩链剂0.1-2份、光稳定剂0.3-4份、抗氧剂0.1-0.5份、爽滑剂0.1-0.5份；
所述的阻隔层的原料成分：PBAT 40-70份、改性PPC 0-30份、PLA 3-10份、无机填料5-30份、扩链剂0.3-2、光稳定剂0.2-3份、抗氧剂0.1-0.5份、开口剂0.1-2份、爽滑剂0.2-3份；
所述的耐水解层的原料成分：PBAT 75-94份、PLA 0-10份、无机填料0-5份、扩链剂0.5-3、光稳定剂0.1-0.8份、抗氧剂0.1-0.5份、抗水解剂0.2-3份。
如上所述的一种花生种植用全生物降解地膜，所述的光稳定剂为光稳定剂1577、光稳定剂944光稳定剂、光稳定剂ECO-01、光稳定剂ECO-02、光稳定剂326、光稳定剂329、光稳定剂119其中的任意一种或任意两种以任意比例混合的混合物。
如上所述的一种花生种植用全生物降解地膜，所述的填料为碳酸钙、滑石粉、蒙脱土其中的任意一种或任意两种以任意比例混合的混合物。
如上所述的一种花生种植用全生物降解地膜，所述的填料目数为2500-7000目。
如上所述的一种花生种植用全生物降解地膜，所述的扩链剂为扩链剂ADR4370F、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯MDI、扩链剂BIBP其中的任意一种或任意两种以任意比例混合的混合物。
如上所述的一种花生种植用全生物降解地膜，所述的抗水解剂为2,2,6,6’-四异丙基二苯基碳化二亚胺L-KS100G、亚克力共聚衍生物P-500其中的任意一种或任意两种以任意比例混合的混合物。
如上所述的一种花生种植用全生物降解地膜，所述的爽滑剂爽滑剂为油酸酰胺、乙撑双硬脂酰胺、硬脂酸钙、二氧化硅、芥酸酰胺其中的任意一种或任意两种以任意比例混合的混合物。
如上所述的一种花生种植用全生物降解地膜，其制备方法包括如下步骤：
步骤一：按照配比准确称量各原料：
步骤二：按照耐热层、阻隔层和耐水解层三者所需原料分别用对应的高混机搅拌均匀，然后分别送入对应的双螺杆挤出机中造粒，双螺杆挤出机挤出温度为150-190℃，造粒完成后得耐热层颗粒、阻隔层颗粒和耐水解层颗粒；
步骤三：将热层颗粒、阻隔层颗粒和耐水解层颗粒送入三层共挤吹膜机，在吹膜温度160-185℃，吹胀比3-4，膜厚0.006-0.012mm的控制条件下吹膜得到产品。
如上所述的一种花生种植用全生物降解地膜，所述的PLA、PBAT、PBS、改性PPC在60℃的温度下烘12h备用。
本发明的优点是：本发明采用三层共挤的方法制备得到，避免了单层吹膜生产过程中各层所需不能被同时满足的弊端。该三层分别是耐热层、阻隔层、耐水解层。在耐热层添加PBS和复合耐候剂，可提高地膜的韧性、耐温性和耐候性；在阻隔层添加改性PPC，具有良好的透明性和阻隔性，可提高透光率和保水作用，同时还添加具有良好保水作用的蒙脱土，蒙脱土表面大量的氢键，可提高与水的结合力，片层结构也能防止水分的快速蒸发，两者的协同作用，提高地膜的保水效果；在耐水解层中添加扩链剂和抗水解剂可提高地膜的力学性能，延长降解周期。三层协同作用，更高效的实现了膜的耐老化、耐温、保水效果，保证降解周期与花生成熟期基本一致，从而确保花生具有更高的产量。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明制备地膜的结构示意图；
图2是本发明实施例3拉伸试验过程图之一；
图3是本发明实施例3拉伸试验过程图之二；
图4是本发明实施例3拉伸试验过程图之三；
图5是本发明实施例5(左)和实施例6(右)的拉伸试样图片；
图6是本发明实施例4的实物图；
图7是本发明实施例2花生种植过程中的图片之一；
图8是本发明实施例2花生种植过程中的图片之二；
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1-6的原料组成如表一所示(单位为kg)。
Figure BDA0003200014820000041
Figure BDA0003200014820000051
表一
实施例1-6采用的制备方法为：
步骤一：按照耐热层、阻隔层和耐水解层三者所需原料分别用对应的高混机搅拌均匀，然后分别送入对应的双螺杆挤出机中造粒，双螺杆挤出机挤出温度为150-190℃，造粒完成后得耐热层颗粒、阻隔层颗粒和耐水解层颗粒；
步骤二：将热层颗粒、阻隔层颗粒和耐水解层颗粒送入三层共挤吹膜机，在吹膜温度160-185℃，吹胀比3-4，膜厚0.006-0.012mm的控制条件下吹膜得到产品。
实施例1-6制备的产品按照国标GB/T 35795-2017，进行耐老化实验，并测试老化前后力学性能，其结果如表二所示。
Figure BDA0003200014820000061
表二
实施例1-6生物降解地膜除了进行耐老化测试外，还进行了水蒸气透过率测试。水蒸气透过率采用杯试法，为模拟花生正午时分强光照射下地膜的水分蒸发情况，除按GB/T1037进行38℃条件下的水蒸气透过量，又增加了一组60℃条件下水蒸气透过实验，其结果如表三所示。
Figure BDA0003200014820000062
Figure BDA0003200014820000071
表三
由表二和表三数据可知，实施例1、2、3老化前后力学性能对比，添加蒙脱土的实施例1在老化前后的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率都更优，主要是由于蒙脱土具有良好的耐热性、耐老化性和阻隔性，添加在地膜中具有较好的尺寸稳定性和透明性。实施例1和4对比，可知PBS具有更好的韧性，且60℃光照老化后断裂伸长率的保留率更高。实施例1和5对比，撤掉改性PPC后，地膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率都有明显的下降。通过实施例1和6的对比，可看出在老化之后，未添加抗水解剂的地膜，拉伸强度和断裂伸长保留率明显降低，表明地膜出现了一定程度的水解老化。
对比38℃和60℃下的水蒸气测试结果，实施例1和4对比可知，在耐热层添加PBS和光稳定剂使得60℃条件下的水蒸气透过率明显更低，起到了更好的保温、保水效果。在阻隔层添加改性PPC和蒙脱土防止了水分的流失，38℃和60℃条件下的水蒸汽透过率值都明显更低。实施例1和6对比，在耐水解层添加扩链剂和抗水解剂，在高温的保水效果更明显。结合力学性能对比和水蒸气透过实验可知，三层地膜的协同作用，提高了地膜的耐老化、耐温和保水的效果，延长降解周期，从而增加花生产量。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (9)

1.一种花生种植用全生物降解地膜，其特征在于：包括耐热层、阻隔层和耐水解层；
所述的耐热层的原料成分：PBAT70-90份、PBS0-20份、PLA0-5份、无机填料0-20份、扩链剂0.1-2份、光稳定剂0.3-4份、抗氧剂0.1-0.5份、爽滑剂0.1-0.5份；
所述的阻隔层的原料成分：PBAT40-70份、改性PPC0-30份、PLA3-10份、无机填料5-30份、扩链剂0.3-2、光稳定剂0.2-3份、抗氧剂0.1-0.5份、开口剂0.1-2份、爽滑剂0.2-3份；
所述的耐水解层的原料成分：PBAT75-94份、PLA0-10份、无机填料0-5份、扩链剂0.5-3、光稳定剂0.1-0.8份、抗氧剂0.1-0.5份、抗水解剂0.2-3份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种花生种植用全生物降解地膜，其特征在于：所述的光稳定剂为光稳定剂1577、光稳定剂944、光稳定剂ECO-01、光稳定剂ECO-02、光稳定剂326、光稳定剂329、光稳定剂119其中的任意一种或任意两种以任意比例混合的混合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种花生种植用全生物降解地膜，其特征在于：所述的填料为碳酸钙、滑石粉、蒙脱土其中的任意一种或任意两种以任意比例混合的混合物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种花生种植用全生物降解地膜，其特征在于：所述的填料目数为2500-7000目。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种花生种植用全生物降解地膜，其特征在于：所述的扩链剂为扩链剂ADR4370F、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯MDI、扩链剂BIBP其中的任意一种或任意两种以任意比例混合的混合物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种花生种植用全生物降解地膜，其特征在于：所述的抗水解剂为2,2,6,6’-四异丙基二苯基碳化二亚胺L-KS100G、亚克力共聚衍生物P-500其中的任意一种或任意两种以任意比例混合的混合物。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种花生种植用全生物降解地膜，其特征在于：所述的爽滑剂为油酸酰胺、乙撑双硬脂酰胺、硬脂酸钙、二氧化硅、芥酸酰胺其中的任意一种或任意两种以任意比例混合的混合物。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种花生种植用全生物降解地膜，其特征在于：其制备方法包括如下步骤：
步骤一：按照配比准确称量各原料：
步骤二：按照耐热层、阻隔层和耐水解层三者所需原料分别用对应的高混机搅拌均匀，然后分别送入对应的双螺杆挤出机中造粒，双螺杆挤出机挤出温度为150-190℃，造粒完成后得耐热层颗粒、阻隔层颗粒和耐水解层颗粒；
步骤三：将热层颗粒、阻隔层颗粒和耐水解层颗粒送入三层共挤吹膜机，在吹膜温度160-185℃，吹胀比3-4，膜厚0.006-0.012mm的控制条件下吹膜得到产品。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种花生种植用全生物降解地膜，其特征在于：所述的PLA、PBAT、PBS、改性PPC在60℃的温度下烘12h备用。
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