CN113830901A - Construction method of ecological ditch for treating agricultural surface pollution source - Google Patents
Construction method of ecological ditch for treating agricultural surface pollution source Download PDFInfo
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B11/00—Drainage of soil, e.g. for agricultural purposes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B5/00—Artificial water canals, e.g. irrigation canals
- E02B5/02—Making or lining canals
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for constructing an ecological ditch for treating agricultural surface pollution sources, which comprises the following five steps: the method comprises the following steps of designing the size of a first step ditch body, designing planting holes in a second step, designing the stability of a third step ditch body, configuring plants in a fourth step, and managing operation in a fifth step, wherein an anti-erosion ecological ditch is constructed according to the principle that the ecological ditch firstly meets the requirements of farmland waterlogging drainage and anti-stagnation and then gives consideration to ecological interception. In the aspect of structural design, plant planting holes are reasonably distributed according to the characteristics of ditch hydraulics and engineering mechanics, and a slope protection reinforcement technology is adopted, so that the stability of the ditch body structure is achieved by utilizing the anchoring effect between a root system and a three-dimensional plant net; in the aspect of purification effect, through the field runoff experiment, carry out the monitoring aassessment in the aspect of the interception effect of maize planting ground runoff nitrogen, phosphorus pollutant to propose the later stage management countermeasure, guarantee to operate its ecological purification function of later stage still can full play, prolong its life.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ecological ditches, in particular to a construction method of an ecological ditch for treating agricultural surface pollution sources.
Background
The problem of agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control in China is urgent, and various prevention and control technology researches and demonstration works are carried out in various places, particularly development and application of ecological ditch systems for farmland runoff pollutant interception. The developed countries of Europe, America and the like have carried out research and demonstration of the engineering type in the 80 th of the 20 th century and have come out of the related statutes to be enforced; china starts in the early period of this century, and through many years of exploration and practice, the method has great development in the aspects of purification mechanism research and achievement application. In 2008, "general scheme for comprehensive treatment of water environment in Taihu lake basin", it is clearly pointed out that ecological interception engineering of farmland runoff pollutants, mainly ecological ditches, is used as an important content of non-point source pollution treatment projects, and construction tasks of Jiangsu province, Zhejiang province and Shanghai city are clearly specified.
The ecological ditch system is used as an ecological system integrating a plurality of removal functions of interception precipitation, microbial degradation, plant absorption and the like, and the purification function of the ecological ditch system tends to be stable under the condition that all the components are gradually improved. Researches show that the runoff Total Nitrogen (TN) removal rate of ecological ditches constructed in drainage basins such as Taihu lake and Dian lake in China reaches 50-60%, the Total Phosphorus (TP) removal rate reaches 40-55%, and good pollutant interception effect is achieved at the initial application stage, but the problems of ditch body damage, shortened service life, year-by-year reduction of interception effect and the like occur at the later treatment stage because the design parameters of the ecological ditches are mainly in pollutant removal performance, structural strength and poor consideration in later management.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for constructing an ecological ditch for treating agricultural surface pollution sources.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the method comprises five steps: the ecological ditch is constructed by the steps of designing the size of a ditch body, designing planting holes, designing the stability of a ditch body, configuring plants and managing operation.
According to the invention, the size of the ditch body is designed, the characteristic of the interval between local field blocks and ditches is combined according to the functional requirements of irrigation and drainage design specifications on the drainage ditches, the ditches are flat, the drainage stagnation depth is selected to be 0.6m according to the slope of water flow, the drainage stagnation depth comprises 0.2m of daily water depth, 0.1-0.2 m of daily water depth and 0.2m of super height, so that the ditch depth is determined to be 1.0m, drainage needs to meet the requirement that 1-3 d storm rain in 10 years is drained to the submergible water depth, and the drainage design modulus is 2.0m3/(km2S), when the flow rate meets the requirement of no erosion and no siltation, the width of the channel bottom is 0.5m at the minimum value and the slope coefficient is 0.25, checking according to the flow rate, the flow rate meets the specification requirement, the slope coefficient of the channel wall is enlarged to 0.4, the upper width is 1.3m, and the cross-sectional area is enlarged by 25 percent compared with the cross-sectional area of the traditional concrete channel.
According to the invention, the planting holes are designed, the planting holes are circular holes with large effective areas and no stress concentration points, the strength damage size caused by the holes to the ditch bottom and the ditch wall prefabricated plates is reduced to the maximum degree and is set to be 500mm multiplied by 1200mm, 3D 150mm holes are distributed in an S-shaped staggered mode by utilizing the corridor principle in the sewage treatment technology and according to the minimum growth area of the conventional aquatic plants, the flow speed is reduced, and the size of the ditch wall porous plates is set to be 600mm multiplied by 1200 mm. According to the perennial rainfall characteristics and the drainage runoff ratio of the farmland, the probability that the side walls of the ditches at different depths are washed by water flow is calculated, and the planting holes of the ditch wall plates are arranged at a distance of more than 45cm from the bottoms of the plates and are provided with 12D 100mm holes.
In the invention, the stability of the ditch body is designed, the thickness of the ditch wallboard is set to be 40mm, the ditch wallboard is prefabricated by adopting a reinforced concrete structure, the grade of concrete is C20, the steel bar is HPB 300-grade hot rolled steel bar (phi 4mm), and the exposed part of the steel bar extends into a cast-in-situ cement plate on the top surface of the ditch; meanwhile, the strength design part adopts a three-dimensional vegetation net slope protection technology widely applied to the field of geotechnical engineering, in the construction process, a layer of three-dimensional plant net EM2 is closely paved on the basis of tamping of a trench wall soil body, a 100mm corridor extending into the top of the trench wall is reserved at the upper end, and then a prefabricated trench wall porous plate is paved; the anchoring effect of the ditch wall plant root system and the three-dimensional plant net is utilized to achieve the stable ditch structure, after the ditch wall plants grow stably, a layer of plate-net-root-grass composite protective surface layer is formed on the surface of the ditch wall plants, and the erosion capacity of longitudinal rainwater and transverse water flow is greatly enhanced.
According to the plant configuration, the Indian mockstrawberry herb is planted at the bottom of the ditch, and the loosestrife herb, the iris and the primula sikkmensis are planted on the walls and the banks of the ditch.
The operation management contents comprise that A, the farmland drainage system management is perfected, and farmlands close to riverways are trimmed through ridges, ditches and the like, so that farmland runoff drainage does not directly enter peripheral water bodies, and nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants are removed in a certain amount in ecological ditches. B, harvesting the aquatic plants, wherein the dynamic changes of nitrogen and phosphorus contents and biomass seasons on the mock strawberry, the loosestrife, the iris and the greenbelt grassland reach the highest value in the middle 10 months, the optimal harvesting period of the aquatic plants in the middle 10 months is determined, C, the sludge at the bottom of the ditch is cleaned, after the aquatic plants are harvested, the sludge at the bottom of the ditch needs to be cleaned, the water conservancy function of the drainage ditch is maintained, the ecological function of the drainage ditch is guaranteed, and the occurrence of endogenous pollution is blocked.
The method introduces the three-dimensional plant net slope protection technology into the erosion-resistant ecological ditch, reasonably designs the aquatic plant planting holes according to the hydraulic and engineering mechanical characteristics of the ditch, improves the structural strength of the ditch, prolongs the service life of the ditch, and has moderate cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a cross-section of the ecological ditch of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict, and the present application will be further described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for constructing an ecological ditch for treating agricultural surface pollution sources comprises five steps: the ecological ditch is constructed by the steps of designing the size of a ditch body, designing planting holes, designing the stability of a ditch body, configuring plants and managing operation.
The method comprises the steps of designing the size of a ditch body, combining the characteristic of the interval between local field blocks and ditches according to the functional requirements of irrigation and drainage design specifications on drainage ditches, adopting a flat ditch, selecting a drainage stagnation depth of 0.6m, a daily water depth of 0.1-0.2 m and an ultrahigh water depth of 0.2m according to the water flow slope, determining that the ditch depth is 1.0m, draining the waterlogging to meet the requirement of draining 1-3 d storm rain 3-5 d to a submergence-resistant water depth in 10 years, and designing the modulus of the drainage waterlogging to be 2.0m3/(km2S), when the flow rate meets the requirement of no erosion and no siltation, the width of the channel bottom is 0.5m at the minimum value and the slope coefficient is 0.25, checking according to the flow rate, the flow rate meets the specification requirement, the slope coefficient of the channel wall is enlarged to 0.4, the upper width is 1.3m, and the cross-sectional area is enlarged by 25 percent compared with the cross-sectional area of the traditional concrete channel.
Planting the hole design, the circular port that effective area is big and the stress-free concentration point is selected in the planting hole, the intensity damage that the at the bottom of the biggest reduction trompil caused to ditch and ditch wall prefabricated plate, the size is established to 500mm x 1200mm, utilize corridor principle among the sewage treatment technique, and according to the minimum growth area of conventional aquatic plant, adopt "S" type crisscross mode to lay 3D 150mm holes, slow down the velocity of flow, ditch wall perforated plate size is established to 600mm x 1200mm, according to rainfall characteristics and farmland drainage runoff ratio throughout the year, the lateral wall that calculates the aqueduct ditch different degree of depth receives rivers to erode the probability, the ditch wall is showing the reduction at the destruction risk that receives the drainage to erode the cause more than 40cm from the ditch bottom. Therefore, the planting holes of the trench wall plate are arranged more than 45cm away from the bottom of the plate and are provided with 12D 100mm holes.
The channel body stability design is characterized in that on the basis of referring to standards such as irrigation and drainage engineering design specifications (GB50288-1999) and water supply and drainage engineering structure design specifications (GB50069-2002), according to concrete channel design points and construction experience in facility grain field construction, the thickness of a channel wall plate is 40mm, a reinforced concrete structure is adopted for prefabrication, the concrete mark is C20, HPB 300-grade hot rolled steel bars (phi 4mm) are selected as the steel bars, and the exposed parts of the steel bars extend into a cast-in-situ cement plate on the top surface of the channel.
Meanwhile, the strength design part adopts a three-dimensional vegetation net slope protection technology widely applied to the field of geotechnical engineering. In the construction process, a layer of three-dimensional plant net EM2 is closely laid on the basis of tamping the soil body of the trench wall, a corridor which is 100mm and extends into the top of the trench wall is reserved at the upper end, and then the prefabricated trench wall porous plate is laid. Therefore, the anchoring effect of the ditch wall plant root system and the three-dimensional plant net can be utilized to achieve the purpose of stable ditch structure, after the ditch wall plants grow stably, a layer of composite protective surface layer of 'plate-net-root-grass' is formed on the surface of the ditch wall plants, and the erosion capacity of longitudinal rainwater and transverse water flow is greatly enhanced. The slope erosion resistance strength of the ditch can be improved by more than 2 times compared with that of a bare soil ditch; practical application shows that the strength of the concrete-filled composite pipe can basically reach that of a full-concrete type drainage channel. In summary, the section of the erosion-resistant ecological trench is shown in fig. 2.
The plants are configured, the Indian mockstrawberry herb is planted at the bottom of the ditch, and the loosestrife herb, the iris and the Indian mockstrawberry herb are planted on the walls of the ditch and the ditch.
The ditch aquatic plants mainly play roles in slowing down flow rate, intercepting and absorbing and the like, and can provide necessary oxygen secretion environment for root system microbial degradation.
The operation management content comprises the step A of perfecting the management of a farmland drainage system. Particularly, farmland close to a river channel is trimmed by ridges, ditches and the like, so that runoff drainage of the farmland does not directly enter peripheral water bodies, a certain amount of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants are removed in the ecological ditches, aquatic plants are harvested, nitrogen and phosphorus contents and biomass seasonal dynamic changes on mock strawberries, loosestrife, irises and greenbelts grasslands reach the highest values in the middle 10 months, the middle 10 months are determined as the optimal harvesting period of the aquatic plants, and sludge at the bottoms of the ditches is cleaned. After the aquatic plants are harvested, the silt at the bottom of the ditch needs to be removed, the water conservancy function of the drainage ditch is maintained, the ecological function of the drainage ditch is guaranteed, and endogenous pollution is blocked.
The method introduces the three-dimensional plant net slope protection technology into the erosion-resistant ecological ditch, reasonably designs the aquatic plant planting holes according to the hydraulic and engineering mechanical characteristics of the ditch, improves the structural strength of the ditch, prolongs the service life of the ditch, and has moderate cost. After the runoff drainage water quality retention time of the corn planting field exceeds 48 hours, the removal rates of the ditches to farmland runoff Total Nitrogen (TN) and Total Phosphorus (TP) pollutants are 59.5%, 57.8% and 45.3%, respectively, the ditches have good non-point source pollution control effect, and the removal rate is 1hm2The anti-erosion ecological ditch with the size of 300m is configured in the corn planting field, more than 80% of surface runoff of the corn planting field can be effectively treated, and the configuration scheme can be basically met in the northern corn planting field in China and is suitable for popularization and application in the northeast and northern areas.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various equivalent changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. An ecological ditch construction method for treating agricultural surface pollution sources is characterized by comprising five steps: the method comprises the following steps of designing the size of a first step of ditch body, designing planting holes in a second step, designing the stability of a third step of ditch body, configuring plants in a fourth step, and managing operation in a fifth step.
The first step, the second step and the third step are used for reinforcing the ditch body of the ecological ditch;
and the fourth step and the fifth step are used for managing the ecological ditch and removing pollution by utilizing the absorption capacity of plants.
2. The ecological ditch building method for treating the agricultural surface pollution source as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ditch body size design reinforcement treatment is as follows: the ditch adopts a flat bottom, the stagnation removal depth is selected to be 0.6m according to the water flow slope, the daily water depth is 0.2m, the daily water depth is 0.1-0.2 m, the height is 0.2m, the ditch depth is determined to be 1.0m, the waterlogging removal requirement meets the requirement that 1-3 d rainstorm in 10 years is drained to the submergence-resistant water depth, and the design modulus of the waterlogging removal is 2.0m3/(km2S), when the flow rate meets the requirement of no erosion and no siltation, the width of the channel bottom is 0.5m at the minimum value and the slope coefficient is 0.25, checking according to the flow rate, the flow rate meets the specification requirement, the slope coefficient of the channel wall is enlarged to 0.4, the upper width is 1.3m, and the cross-sectional area is enlarged by 25 percent compared with the cross-sectional area of the traditional concrete channel.
3. The ecological ditch building method for treating the agricultural surface pollution source as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting hole design reinforcement treatment is as follows: the planting hole selects the circular port that effective area is big and no stress concentration point, the intensity damage that furthest reduces the trompil and causes at the bottom of the ditch and ditch wall prefabricated plate, the size is established to 500mm x 1200mm, utilize the corridor principle among the sewage treatment technology, and according to the minimum growth area of conventional aquatic plant, adopt "S" type crisscross mode to lay 3D 150mm holes, slow down the velocity of flow, ditch wall perforated plate size is established to 600mm x 1200mm, according to rainfall characteristics and farmland drainage runoff ratio throughout the year, the lateral wall that calculates the irrigation canals and ditches different degree of depth is washed away the probability by the rivers, ditch wall board planting hole is seted up at more than 45cm from the bottom of the board, establish 12D 100mm holes.
4. The ecological ditch constructing method for treating the agricultural surface pollution source according to claim 1, wherein the ditch body stability design reinforcement treatment comprises the following steps: the thickness of the wall plate of the ditch is set to be 40mm, the wall plate is prefabricated by adopting a reinforced concrete structure, the concrete label is C20, the steel bar is HPB 300-grade hot rolled steel bar (phi 4mm), and the exposed part of the steel bar extends into a cast-in-situ cement plate on the top surface of the ditch; meanwhile, the strength design part adopts a three-dimensional vegetation net slope protection technology widely applied to the field of geotechnical engineering, in the construction process, a layer of three-dimensional plant net EM2 is closely paved on the basis of tamping of a trench wall soil body, a 100mm corridor extending into the top of the trench wall is reserved at the upper end, and then a prefabricated trench wall porous plate is paved; the anchoring effect of the ditch wall plant root system and the three-dimensional plant net is utilized to achieve the purpose of stable ditch structure, after the ditch wall plants grow stably, a layer of plate-net-root-grass composite protective surface layer is formed on the surface of the ditch wall plants, and the erosion capacity of longitudinal rainwater and transverse water flow is enhanced.
5. The ecological ditch constructing method for controlling the agricultural surface pollution source as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plant configuration and operation management are carried out, the plant configuration is that the Indian mockstrawberry herb is planted at the bottom of the ditch, and the loosestrife herb, the iris and the zona peltata are planted on the bank and the wall of the ditch according to the screening principle of large plant quantity, good purification effect and easy recycling.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the operation management comprises A completing farmland drainage system management, farmland near riverway, ridge and ditch trimming, farmland runoff drainage not directly entering peripheral water, ensuring nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants to be removed in the ecological ditch, B aquatic plant harvesting treatment, wherein the nitrogen and phosphorus contents and biomass seasonal dynamic changes on mock strawberry, loosestrife, iris, topaz and meadow reach the highest values in 10 middle ten days, determining 10 middle ten days as the optimal harvesting period of aquatic plants, C ditch bottom sludge cleaning, and after the aquatic plants are harvested, the ditch bottom sludge must be cleaned, the ecological function is ensured while the water conservancy function of the drainage ditch is maintained, and the occurrence of endogenous pollution is blocked.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114651673A (en) * | 2022-03-08 | 2022-06-24 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Grass planting water treatment corrosion reduction treatment method and system for farmland erosion gully |
| CN114875846A (en) * | 2022-03-17 | 2022-08-09 | 朱学礼 | Ecological ditch slope protection structure |
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| CN111955387A (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2020-11-20 | 安徽大学 | Polder area paddy field coupling pond and ditch three-level wetland system |
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2021
- 2021-11-10 CN CN202111326410.1A patent/CN113830901A/en active Pending
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| EP0000788A1 (en) * | 1977-08-11 | 1979-02-21 | H.H. Robertson Company | Draining ditch headwall unit |
| US4294179A (en) * | 1979-08-01 | 1981-10-13 | Bud Antle, Inc. | Dibble tube soil plug planter |
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| CN103395886A (en) * | 2013-07-24 | 2013-11-20 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Method for treating surface source pollutants in ecological ditch |
| CN111955387A (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2020-11-20 | 安徽大学 | Polder area paddy field coupling pond and ditch three-level wetland system |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114651673A (en) * | 2022-03-08 | 2022-06-24 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Grass planting water treatment corrosion reduction treatment method and system for farmland erosion gully |
| CN114875846A (en) * | 2022-03-17 | 2022-08-09 | 朱学礼 | Ecological ditch slope protection structure |
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Application publication date: 20211224 |