CN113826787A - 一种缓解痛风功能性苏打水饮品的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种缓解痛风功能性苏打水饮品的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113826787A CN113826787A CN202010499719.XA CN202010499719A CN113826787A CN 113826787 A CN113826787 A CN 113826787A CN 202010499719 A CN202010499719 A CN 202010499719A CN 113826787 A CN113826787 A CN 113826787A
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- water
- chitosan oligosaccharide
- oligosaccharide
- anserine
- beverage
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Abstract
发明名称：一种缓解痛风功能性苏打水饮品的制备方法。摘要：本发明提供了一种由壳寡糖，鹅肌肽，低聚木糖组成的缓解痛风功能性苏打水饮料。其制备工艺，纯净水1000ml，壳寡糖267mg，低聚木糖267mg，安赛蜜115mg，碳酸氢钠80mg、鹅肌肽54mg，食用香精50‑100mg，然后将以上组合溶解混合成溶液。该饮料口感好，易吸收，而且可有效降低血清尿素水平，减少嘌呤的产生，作为一种新型饮品来普及和提升人们的健康。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种含有壳寡糖、鹅肌肽和低聚木糖的缓解痛风功能性苏打水饮品的制备方法。
背景技术
随着我国经济的飞速发展，人民生活水平显著提高，人称"富贵病"的高尿酸血症、痛风病患者逐年增加，据统计目前全国约达1亿2000万名，并且呈现低龄化趋势。痛风是嘌呤代谢紊乱疾病。高尿酸与高血脂、高血压、糖尿病等密切相关，已成为识别代谢综合征的早期标志。痛风可发展为尿毒症、肾衰竭、动脉硬化、冠心病、中风等，严重时可危及生命。现已被联合国列为21世纪20大顽症之一。
由于壳寡糖具有三调节(免疫调节、PH值调节、荷尔蒙调节），三排除（排除有害胆固醇、排除体内金属离子、排除农药及自由基等毒素），三降(降血脂、降血糖、降血压）作用，因此被认为是继维生素、麦乳精以及卵磷脂、螺旋藻之后的第二代保健食品。在保健品中，可部分利用壳寡糖的这些功能。壳寡糖不同于药物，药物都有毒副作用，长期服用不可避免会产生“药源性疾病”，而服用壳寡糖不存在这个问题。目前，壳寡糖已被USFDA确认属于“通常公认为是安全的（GRAS）”物质，这将进一步为壳寡糖用于食品工业扫清障碍。（1）抗癌食品：人体内淋巴细胞对内环境的PH变化非常敏感，当PH下降，其活性也随之下降，使人体免疫功能遭到破坏，由于壳寡糖能使体液的PH倾向弱碱性，从而提高了淋巴细胞的活性，使淋巴细胞破坏癌细胞的活力增强，其到了防癌抗癌的作用。（2）可用于食品添加剂：壳寡糖具有能降低胆固醇、调节人体所必需的金属元素含量、降低食物的热量、免疫、缓释等功能，因而壳寡糖可以作为许多功能食品的添加剂。甲壳素、壳寡糖及其衍生物还可以用作酒类和各种饮料的除浊剂、食醋的防沉淀剂、原料糖汁的纯化剂、面包和饼干等食品的添加剂。除此之外，高温分解甲壳质产生芳香物质，它们可以作为天然香味的增补剂添加入面包、蛋糕食品中。（3）可用于食品抗氧化剂：由于肉类食品中含有高度不饱和脂肪酸，其很容易氧化而导致食品变味、腐坏，因此常常需要在这类食品中加入抗氧化剂以便保存。壳寡糖作为新型的抗氧化剂近年来取得了不少进展。Darmadji等人研究了经壳寡糖处理牛肉的抗氧化剂，试验结果表明，经1%壳寡糖处理后，牛肉在4℃保存3天，牛肉质TBA值减少了70%；Shahidi等人报道了N,0-羧甲基壳寡糖盐（NOCC）对肉类熟食的抗氧化性及风味的保持，结果显示，经500g/kg NO CC处理后，其平均抑制率可达66.3%。关于抗氧化的机理，目前主要认为壳寡糖及其衍生物能与肉类食品在加热时释放的游离铁离子形成螯合物，从而抑制铁离子的催化活性，起的抗氧化的作用。（4）可用于食品保鲜剂：壳寡糖及壳寡糖其水解产物对许多真菌具有良好的抑制作用，因此可以在食品中作防腐剂，延长食品保存时间。甲壳素衍生物作为一种天然的抗菌剂近年来备受瞩目，其在抗细菌方面效果非常明显。Simposn等人报道了壳寡糖对不同细菌培养基的抗菌性能，以及不同壳寡糖浓度对抗菌性能的影响，结果表明，0.02%的壳寡糖浓度足以抑制芽孢杆菌的生长，而对大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌，0.005%浓度的壳寡糖抑菌效果可达90%，而当壳寡糖浓度达到0.0075%时，可完全抑制细菌生长。Sudharshan对水溶性壳寡糖乳酸液、乙二醇壳寡糖的抗菌性能进行研究，结果发现，两者对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌都具有较好的抑制作用。而Papineau进一步研究发现，乙二醇壳寡糖的抑菌性能较壳寡糖乳酸液更为明显。郑连英等人考察了不同分子量壳寡糖对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄菌的抑菌性能，发现分子量在2万以下时，壳寡糖对金黄色葡萄菌的抗菌作用随着分子量的增大而逐渐减弱，而对大肠杆菌的抑菌效果随着分子量的增大逐渐增强，并对抗菌机理进行了初步探讨。
鹅肌肽（β-丙氨酰-1-甲基 L-组氨酸，Anserine）为高度稳定的水溶性二肽，是天然存在于脊椎动物的骨骼肌组织和脑组织的一类组氨酸二肽，其具有约7.1的PK值，且在低PH值（<3.0）下保持完整。为鸟肌肉组织成分，首先由鹅肌肉中发现，故名。有显著的抗氧化、抗衰老、降尿酸等功能，在食品工业中已用作天然的抗氧化剂和降尿酸食疗。自1900年Gulewitsch发现肌肽以来，100多年的研究确实取得了很大进展。（1）1938年，报导鹅肌肽为一种理想的生理酸碱缓冲剂，由于其生理酸碱缓冲能力，鹅肌肽可有效消除通过改变生物系统的pH值而促进的脂质过氧化作用。对于罹患痛风的酸血症个体来说，充当酸碱缓冲剂的鹅肌肽有助于调整血液的PH值，且有利于降低血液中的尿酸含量；（2）此外，鹅肌肽具有各种抗氧化特性且适用作自由基净化剂或金属螯合剂；长期罹患炎症的个体通常具有较高的活体内自由基浓度，充当自由基净化剂的鹅肌肽有利于消除自由基；（3）鹅肌肽也可有效抑制由铁、血红蛋白、脂质过氧化酶和单态氧促进的脂质过氧化作用；（4）此外，鹅肌肽可改善由疲劳引起的活体内氧化应力，且增强生物体内的氧自由基吸收能力。鹅肌肽也可充当中枢组胺能神经系统中的递质的前体。经由鹅肌肽中所含的组氨酸的代谢，鹅肌肽可有效调整中枢神经系统中的组织胺浓度，降低血液中的皮质醇浓度且使疲劳缓解;（5）具有细胞膜保护功能，对控制细胞动态平衡起着重要的作用，可用作免疫调节剂和抗炎症、治疗表皮烧伤、促进伤口愈合的良药；保护心肌细胞免受缺血性损伤，促进心肌细胞损伤修复，改善心脏的收缩能力。
低聚木糖又称木寡糖，是目前国际上颇受关注的功能性低聚糖，是一种新型的食品添加剂。它的是由2-9个木糖分子以β-1,4-糖苷键连接而成，主要以木二糖和木三糖为主，是一种选择性极高的双歧管烟草增值因子，有较强的益生元作用。低聚木糖能够促进小鼠肠道内的益生菌(双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌)增殖，抑制肠道可能致病菌(肠杆菌、肠球菌、产气荚膜梭菌)生长，具有调节肠道菌群的作用，且在摄入量为0.23 g/(kg·BW)条件下作用最强；还能够促进干酪乳杆菌体外生长，且干酪乳杆菌的生长对低聚木糖具有浓度依赖关系；干酪乳杆菌可利用低聚木糖代谢产生乙酸和乳酸，并随时间延长逐渐增加；与此同时，低聚木糖还能够促进小鼠肠道代谢并产生乙酸、丙酸和丁酸，进而提高短链脂肪酸总量，酸化肠道内环境，促进肠道蠕动和排便。低聚木糖同时具有低血糖类的其他生理功能，①减少有毒发酵产物和有害细菌的产生：人体内和活体外粪便培养试验表明，摄入低聚木糖3周内，机体内可减少44.6％有毒发酵产物和40.9％的有害细菌的产生；②抑制病原菌和腹泻：低聚木糖对病原菌有转移的吸附力，如大肠杆菌，肠炎门氏菌，肺炎克雷伯氏菌，嗜水气单胞菌等体内吸附到低聚木糖上，由于低聚木糖不被引发中的消化酶降解，可携带的病原菌通过间接置换体外，从而防止病原菌在体内中发生，达到防止腹泻的目的；③降低血清代谢。吸收低聚木糖，持续2周至3个月，总血清可可降低20—50dl，还能提高女性血清中多密度脂蛋白血浆占总血浆的比率；④降低血压：46个高血脂患者摄入低聚木糖持续5周后，其心脏舒张压平均下降了799.8Pa（6mmHg）。研究表明一个人的心脏舒张压的高低伴随粪便中双歧杆菌占总菌数的比率呈明显的负相关关系；⑤能增强机体免疫力：抗癌经大量试验结果表明，双歧杆菌在体内内部繁殖能够起到抗癌作用。这种抗癌作用归功于双歧杆菌的细胞，细胞壁成分和胞外分泌物，使机体免疫力提高；⑥具有良好的伍配性：食物中添加少量低聚木糖，便能体现出保健效果，当低聚木糖与钙同时吸收时，它不但不会影响机体对钙的吸收，反而能起促进作用。作用，试验结果表明，任意摄取2％低聚木糖水溶液，7日后机体对钙的保留率提高了21%。
考虑到壳寡糖，鹅肌肽，低聚木糖的以上作用，在饮料产品的开发上就引起非常重要，壳寡糖，鹅肌肽，低聚木糖作为功能性食品无毒，安全。通过配制一种口感佳，其产品的社会意义，经济意义是非常大的，开发缓解痛风的苏打水饮品将给人类健康带来巨大影响。
发明内容
为解决上述问题，本发明提供了一种含有壳寡糖、鹅肌肽和低聚木糖的缓解痛风功能性苏打水饮品的制备方法，以拒绝嘌呤吸收，降低尿酸值，同时爽口解腻，适宜于推广饮用。
本发明通过以下技术方案实现：
一种缓解痛风功能性苏打水，所述饮剂是由壳寡糖，鹅肌肽，低聚木糖以及纯净水、其他辅料制备而成。其中，每1000ml苏打水饮料中含有下述重量的组分：壳寡糖267mg，低聚木糖267mg，安赛蜜115mg，碳酸氢钠80mg、鹅肌肽54mg，食用香精50-100mg。
配方依据：
本发明饮料配方中所含有的壳寡糖，是一种通过加工蟹壳等壳中所含的几丁质制成的膳食纤维，壳寡糖抑制从饮食中摄取的嘌呤的吸收。壳寡糖作为本发明中的主要配方，分子量低、水溶性好、功能作用大、易被人体吸收、生物活性高等优势。同时具有：纯天然、无辐射、无污染、无添加等特点，适宜饮用。
本发明配方中添加的鹅肌肽是天然存在于脊椎动物体内的一类组氨酸二肽，具有水溶性和较强的而且具有显著的抗氧化、抗衰老、降尿酸等功能，在食品工业中已用作天然的抗氧化剂和降尿酸食疗。
本发明饮料配方中所含有的低聚木糖，是目前国际上颇受关注的功能性低聚糖，是一种新型的食品添加剂。它的是由2-9个木糖分子以β-1,4-糖苷键连接而成，是一种选择性极高的双歧管烟草增值因子，有较强的益生元作用。
本发明具有以下优点及有益效果：
本发明的饮品可作为佐餐饮料饮用，能够有效控制饮食中的嘌呤的吸收，降低尿酸和脂类吸收，改善代谢性疾病如痛风，高尿酸等；口感细腻清爽，具有一定的解腻功效。
具体的制造工艺如下：
配料用水为纯净水，生产过程的清洗消毒按苏打水工艺操作执行。(1)水的制取：将原水依次经机械过滤器、活性炭过滤、精密过滤后进行反渗透处理，臭氧杀菌后制成高纯水；(2)调配：第一步溶解安赛蜜、低聚木糖和碳酸氢钠，过滤后放入定容缸；第二步加入功能原料壳寡糖、鹅肌肽以及香精、其他辅料等，也可在此步视口味不同加入不同浓缩果汁；第三步加无菌水至接近刻度得到半成品；(3)杀菌：将步骤(2)的半成品经过臭氧消毒杀菌，杀菌结束后排除多余臭氧，即得到苏打水饮料；（4）灌装装箱：将制备好的苏打水饮料灌装入瓶并封盖；将苏打水成品经灯检、套标、喷码、包装后入库存放。
图1为壳寡糖的化学结构式；图2为鹅肌肽的化学结构式。
实施例：取纯净水375ml，取99％纯度的壳寡糖100mg，取95％以上（含95%）纯度的鹅肌肽20mg，取95%纯度低聚木糖100mg，进行混合溶解，再按现有灌装工艺制成苏打水饮料即可。为储存，运输可适量加一些防腐剂，也可以加入其他配料，如少量果汁等以增加品种和卖点。
将这些有功能效果的原料兑现入中，并不影响水的口感，同时可作为一种新型饮品来传播和提升人们的健康素质。
Claims (4)
1.一种缓解痛风功能性苏打水饮料；其特征在于：所述饮剂是由壳寡糖，鹅肌肽，碳酸氢钠以及纯净水制备而成。
2.其选取壳寡糖分子量在2000左右，聚合度在2-20之间；选取鹅肌肽分子量在500道尔顿；壳寡糖，鹅肌肽，低聚木糖的纯度应为95%以上。
3.其中，每1000ml苏打水饮料中含有下述重量的组分：壳寡糖267mg，低聚木糖267mg，安赛蜜115mg，碳酸氢钠80mg、鹅肌肽54mg，食用香精50-100mg。
4.具体的制造工艺如下： 配料用水为纯净水，生产过程的清洗消毒按苏打水工艺操作执行；
(1)水的制取：将原水依次经机械过滤器、活性炭过滤、精密过滤后进行反渗透处理，臭氧杀菌后制成高纯水；(2)调配：第一步溶解安赛蜜、低聚木糖和碳酸氢钠，过滤后放入定容缸；第二步加入功能原料壳寡糖、鹅肌肽以及香精、其他辅料等，也可在此步视口味不同加入不同浓缩果汁；第三步加无菌水至接近刻度得到半成品；(3)杀菌：将步骤(2)的半成品经过臭氧消毒杀菌，杀菌结束后排除多余臭氧，即得到苏打水饮料；（4）灌装装箱：将制备好的苏打水饮料灌装入瓶并封盖；将苏打水成品经灯检、套标、喷码、包装后入库存放。
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