CN113820406A - 一种验证白耙齿菌降解杜仲果壳木质纤维素的方法 - Google Patents
一种验证白耙齿菌降解杜仲果壳木质纤维素的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种验证白耙齿菌降解杜仲果壳木质纤维素的方法,包括以下步骤:步骤一:白耙齿菌的采集;步骤二:首先,准确称取300mg步骤一种的固体发酵样品,加入3.0mL浓硫酸(72%)在30℃条件下水解1h;步骤三:用超纯水稀释硫酸至4%,高压反应釜中121℃条件下继续水解1h;步骤四:水解结束后,自然冷却水解液,用事先恒质量的砂芯漏斗过滤,通过称取滤渣的质量计算出酸不溶性(Klason)木质素的含量;步骤五:滤液稀释2倍,用HPLC分析滤液中糖含量,换算出纤维素和半纤维含量。通过Plackett‑Burman Design和Box‑Behnken响应面优化试验,白耙齿菌对杜仲籽果壳的的降解率可达41.87%。验证了耙齿菌的菌株可用于木质纤维素类生物质降解。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及降解杜仲果壳木质纤维素的技术领域,具体是一种验证白耙齿菌降解杜仲果壳木质纤维素的方法。
背景技术
杜仲(Euocmmia ulmoides Oliv.)为杜仲科杜仲属落叶乔木,为我国特有的单科单属单种植物,也是世界上适应范围最广的重要胶源植物。天然杜仲胶是我国独有的战略资源,国家林业局在《全国杜仲产业发展规划(2016-2030)》中指出,到2030年,建成5000万亩杜仲良种高效栽培产业基地,未来杜仲胶年产量达到120万吨以上,杜仲胶已成为国家战略资源。杜仲的果、叶、皮中都含有丰富的杜仲橡胶,其中果壳含胶率最高,为12%~17%,树皮含胶5%~10%;叶片含胶1%~3%。杜仲翅果的果壳中富含白色丝状杜仲胶,但杜仲果壳中因存在木质纤维素而影响杜仲胶的提取效果。因此,预处理杜仲果壳,改变其木质纤维素的结构及通透性,使胶体能够溶出,对杜仲胶的提取至关重要。传统预处理方法是采用强碱或是强酸破坏果壳细胞壁的结构,会造成提取杜仲胶工艺复杂,胶的质量不高,且环境污染严重等问题。而微生物预处理,可通过分泌胞外酶降解纤维类物质,使杜仲胶暴露在外,且研究表明,用微生物处理杜仲籽果壳并不影响杜仲胶的结构,从而简化提取和提纯杜仲胶的后续工序。因此,大多数科研工作者不约而同将目光集中在对发酵微生物的提取分离、培养条件及对提胶工艺的优化方面。对于发酵过程中木质纤维素的降解机理及结构的改变关注较少,而杜仲果壳中的木质纤维素的降解及结构改变是提取杜仲胶最基础的环节之一。因此,本课题采用从杜仲腐殖层中分离鉴定的白耙齿菌作为目标微生物,探讨微生物预处理过程中纤维素酶、半纤维素酶和木质素酶活性的变化,以及与纤维素、半纤维素和木质素降解的相关性进行讨论,并进一步对杜仲果壳木质纤维素的结构改变进行研究,以期阐明木质纤维素降解相关机制,为杜仲胶的提取制备提供理论支持。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种验证白耙齿菌降解杜仲果壳木质纤维素的方法,以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种验证白耙齿菌降解杜仲果壳木质纤维素的方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:白耙齿菌的采集:从湖南省湘西土家族苗族自治州吉首市某杜仲籽果壳林地腐殖层分离鉴定的白耙齿菌作为目标微生物进行固体发酵;
步骤二:从步骤一中的固体发酵样品中准确称取300mg样品,加入3.0mL浓硫酸(72%)在30℃条件下水解;
步骤三:用超纯水稀释硫酸至4%,高压反应釜中121℃条件下继续水解;
步骤四:水解结束后,自然冷却水解液,用事先恒质量的砂芯漏斗过滤,通过称取滤渣的质量计算出酸不溶性(Klason)木质素的含量;
步骤五:滤液稀释2倍,用HPLC分析滤液中糖含量,换算出纤维素和半纤维含量。
作为本发明的进一步方案,在步骤一中,前期通过筛选,纯培养了一批从杜仲林腐殖土中分离的真菌。
作为本发明的进一步方案,所述真菌用MA筛选平板在28℃条件下恒温培养7天,按照颜色、形态等形态特征挑取得到26个单一菌落,转接到PDA平板进行纯化培养,直至得到纯培养物。
作为本发明的进一步方案,在步骤二中,固体发酵样品发酵的时间为1h.
作为本发明的进一步方案,在步骤三中,在高压反应釜中水解时间为1h。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:通过Plackett-Burman Design和Box-Behnken响应面优化试验,白耙齿菌对杜仲籽果壳的的降解率可达41.87%。从而根据实验结果验证了耙齿菌的菌株可用于木质纤维素类生物质降解。
附图说明:
图1为菌株JSM 0150209的形态特征。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例
一种验证白耙齿菌降解杜仲果壳木质纤维素的方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:白耙齿菌的采集:从湖南省湘西土家族苗族自治州吉首市某杜仲籽果壳林地腐殖层分离鉴定的白耙齿菌作为目标微生物进行固体发酵;
步骤二:从步骤一中的固体发酵样品中准确称取300mg样品,加入3.0mL浓硫酸(72%)在30℃条件下水解1h;
步骤三:用超纯水稀释硫酸至4%,高压反应釜中121℃条件下继续水解1h;
步骤四:水解结束后,自然冷却水解液,用事先恒质量的砂芯漏斗过滤,通过称取滤渣的质量计算出酸不溶性(Klason)木质素的含量;
步骤五:滤液稀释2倍,用HPLC分析滤液中糖含量,换算出纤维素和半纤维含量。
实验例1:
酶活性的测定
①纤维素酶的活性测定
分别测定了羧甲基纤维素酶(CMCase)、纤维生物水解酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶的纤维素酶活性。按照Cai等[14]的程序进行测量。
羧甲基纤维素酶活性:以葡萄糖为标准,采用Somogyi-Nelson法测定羧甲基纤维素(CMC)中葡萄糖的释放量,测定羧甲基纤维素(CMC)的内切葡聚糖酶(CMCase)活性。反应混合物含有0.8mL 50mM磷酸钾缓冲液(pH6.2)、0.1mL1%(w/v)CMC溶液和0.1mL酶组分。对照组缺乏CMC或酶组分。在50℃下孵育30min后,加入1.0mL Somogyi试剂,反应终止。混合物被漩涡,放入沸水浴中15分钟,冷却至室温,加入Nelson试剂1.0mL。经过涡旋后,混合物在室温下停留20分钟,离心去除任何沉淀物,上清液在520nm处测定吸光度。
纤维生物水解酶活性:摇动反应混合物中含有1.7mL 50mM磷酸钾缓冲液(pH6.2)、0.8mL 1%(w/v)微晶纤维素悬浮液,0.5mL酶组分。反应步骤以上基本相同。对照组缺乏纤维素和酶组分。在反应期结束时,混合物立即放入冰中,在4℃下离心5min,在加入Somogyi试剂之前去除残留的纤维素。
β-葡萄糖苷酶活性:通过测定对硝基苯基-β-D-葡萄糖苷(pNpβG)的水解活性,测定了β-葡萄糖苷酶的活性。该混合液由2mM pNpβG、50mM磷酸钾缓冲液(pH6.5)和1mL的适当稀释的酶液组成,反应温度为40℃,反应时间为30分钟,并通过加入3mL1.0 M Na2CO3终止反应。通过在400nm处测量溶液的吸光度来测定释放的对硝基苯酚的量。
②半纤维素酶活性的测定
木聚糖酶活性:以木聚糖为底物,用DNS法测定还原糖的生成量。取稀释酶液0.1mL,加1%木聚糖液0.9mL,置50℃水浴保温30min后,加DNS 2mL于沸水浴中显色3min,用自来水冷却后,加蒸馏水定容25mL,测定吸光度[15]。
甘露聚糖酶活性:以甘露聚糖为底物,用DNS法测定。取稀释酶液0.1mL,加0.9mL0.5%甘露聚糖(用pH值6.0Na2HPO4-柠檬酸缓冲液配制),置于55℃水浴保温30min后,加DNS3mL于沸水浴中显色5min,用自来水冷却后,加蒸馏水定容25mL,550nm测定吸光度[16]。
果胶酶活性:以果胶为底物,用DNS法测定。
③木质素酶活性的测定
通过在50mM乙酸钠缓冲液(pH5.0)中监测5mM 2,2'-偶氮二-(3-乙基苯硫氮-6-磺酸盐)(ABTS)的氧化,测定漆酶的活性。木质素过氧化物酶测定是在50mM酒石酸钠缓冲液(pH4.5)中氧化32μM天青B和100μM过氧化氢的结果。锰依赖过氧化物酶在0.2M苹果酸钠缓冲液(pH4.0)中,锰依赖过氧化物酶(MNP)测定液中含有4mM MnSO4和0.4mM过氧化氢。
④铁离子还原活性
铁锌-Fe2+配合物形成的基础上,通过对Fe3+还原的监测,确定铁离子还原活性是在562nm(A/min)处吸光度增加的速率。
实验例2:
杜仲果壳结构的变化
红外光谱:采用KBr压片法,样品均匀分散于KBr中,质量分数为1%。扫描波数范围4 000~400cm-1,扫描次数设为32次,分辨率4cm-1。
X衍射:测定条件为辐射源Cuka;管压40kV,管流40mA;扫面范围5°~40°,扫苗速度5°/min,步长1°。
扫描电镜:扫描前对样品表面进行喷金处理,在加速电压为3.0kV摄取不同放大倍数(1000、10000和50000倍)的照片。
孔径粒度:称取适量的样品置于样品盒中,测定N2(-196℃)吸附-解吸等温线。进样前,样品置于特制密封样品盒中,以5mmHg/s的抽气速度50°C真空脱气12h。仪器自动进样后,得到样品的N2吸附脱附等温线曲线图和孔径分布图,用BET方程计算比表面积,用t-plot方法测定微孔体积。
其中:白耙齿菌的采集包括以下步骤:
前期通过筛选,纯培养了一批从杜仲林腐殖土中分离的真菌,用MA筛选平板在28℃条件下恒温培养7天,按照颜色、形态等形态特征挑取得到26个单一菌落,转接到PDA平板进行纯化培养,直至得到纯培养物。其中有一株白色的真菌JSM 0150209(图1)生长迅速,菌丝白色,菌落平坦,绳状向周围扩展,边缘呈羊毛状,可能是降解杜仲籽果壳林地凋落物纤维的优势菌株;
利用真菌ITS通用引物物(ITS1、ITS4)对菌株JSM 0150209的ITS序列进行PCR扩增,得到534bp的单一DNA条带,经过测序后提交该ITS序列至GenBank,登录号为KU524883。通过序列比对,构建系统发育树。菌株JSM 0150209和耙齿菌属Irpex的三个有效发表种Irpex lacteus,Irpex hydnoides和Irpex vellereus的ITS序列相似程度较高,该菌与Irpex属中白耙齿菌Irpex lacteus的ITS序列(GQ384377,AB079265,HQ331056,DQ912695,EU273517,JX290575,AB369467)7个菌株以极高的相似度聚类在一起,结合形态观察的结果,鉴定菌株JSM 0150209为耙齿菌属的白耙齿菌Irpex lacteus的一个菌株。
通过Plackett-Burman Design和Box-Behnken响应面优化试验,该菌对杜仲籽果壳的的降解率可达41.87%。实验结果验证了耙齿菌的菌株可用于木质纤维素类生物质降解。
对于本领域技术人员而言,显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节,而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下,能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此,无论从哪一点来看,均应将实施例看作是示范性的,而且是非限制性的,本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定,因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。
此外,应当理解,虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述,但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案,说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见,本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体,各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合,形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。
Claims (5)
1.一种验证白耙齿菌降解杜仲果壳木质纤维素的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:白耙齿菌的采集:从湖南省湘西土家族苗族自治州吉首市某杜仲籽果壳林地腐殖层分离鉴定的白耙齿菌作为目标微生物进行固体发酵;
步骤二:从步骤一中的固体发酵样品中准确称取300mg样品,加入3.0mL浓硫酸(72%)在30℃条件下水解;
步骤三:用超纯水稀释硫酸至4%,高压反应釜中121℃条件下继续水解;
步骤四:水解结束后,自然冷却水解液,用事先恒质量的砂芯漏斗过滤,通过称取滤渣的质量计算出酸不溶性(Klason)木质素的含量;
步骤五:滤液稀释2倍,用HPLC分析滤液中糖含量,换算出纤维素和半纤维含量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种验证白耙齿菌降解杜仲果壳木质纤维素的方法,其特征在于,在步骤一中,前期通过筛选,纯培养了一批从杜仲林腐殖土中分离的真菌。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种验证白耙齿菌降解杜仲果壳木质纤维素的方法,其特征在于,所述真菌用MA筛选平板在28℃条件下恒温培养7天,按照颜色、形态等形态特征挑取得到26个单一菌落,转接到PDA平板进行纯化培养,直至得到纯培养物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种验证白耙齿菌降解杜仲果壳木质纤维素的方法,其特征在于,在步骤二中,固体发酵样品发酵的时间为1h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种验证白耙齿菌降解杜仲果壳木质纤维素的方法,其特征在于,在步骤三中,在高压反应釜中水解时间为1h。
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