CN113812362B - Microecological therapy of prawn Ocimum iridovirus 1 - Google Patents
Microecological therapy of prawn Ocimum iridovirus 1 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
- C02F2101/166—Nitrites
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- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/06—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment pH
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/11—Turbidity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/14—NH3-N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/20—Prevention of biofouling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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Abstract
The invention discloses a micro-ecological therapy of prawn Ocimum decapod iridovirus 1, which comprises the following steps: (1) Adjusting the pH value of the prawn culture water body to 7.5-7.8 by using alpha-hydroxy acid; (2) Adjusting the ratio of total organic carbon to total nitrogen of the prawn culture water body to be 8-10 by using glucose and amino acid: 1; (3) Adding sodium humate and inoculating composite bacillus for the first time from 3 days before putting the shrimp larvae, wherein the addition amount of the sodium humate is 2.5-3.0 g/m 3 Simultaneously inoculating composite bacillus into the culture water body, wherein the bacterial colony number of the composite bacillus is 1.0 multiplied by 10 4 ~2.0×10 4 CFU/mL, wherein the composite bacillus comprises marine bacillus, bent bacillus, lysine bacillus and lactic acid producing bacillus, and sodium humate and the composite bacillus are repeatedly added into the culture water body every 7-10 days; (4) The composite bacillus is used according to the bacteria-material ratio of 10 5 CFU/g of ingredients, stirring and drying in the shade, and feeding the prawn; the method can prevent fulminant epidemic of the decapod iridovirus 1, improves the success rate and yield of prawn culture, and has good application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a microecological therapy of prawn Octopus iridovirus 1.
Background
From the 50 s of the 20 th century, the world prawn breeding industry gradually develops, and in the 80 s, under the market background of high profit of the prawn breeding industry, a high-density intensive breeding mode gradually becomes mainstream, and the world prawn breeding starts to enter the tripod period. However, after people enjoy the temporary mania brought by huge benefits, the large-area outbreak and spread of prawn virus diseases in the global range are followed, so that the culture yield is directly reduced, the trade is reduced, and the global prawn culture industry is sunk into the valley once. To date, more than 20 species of prawn viral pathogens have been discovered worldwide, and the common viruses mainly include: white Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), infectious subcutaneous and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV), yellow Head Virus (YHV), taura Syndrome Virus (TSV), infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV), hepatopancreatic Parvovirus (HPV). In addition, the emergence of novel prawn viruses such as Decapod iridescens virus 1 (DIV1) also brings great impact to the prawn breeding industry.
Since prawns lack adaptive immunity like other invertebrates and cannot be prevented and treated by means of vaccines, the method commonly adopted at home and abroad for dealing with shrimp virus diseases is 'prevention-oriented'. On one hand, by cutting off the horizontal and vertical virus transmission paths, including removing virus vector organisms by using a filtering system, filtering water and then sterilizing, the water source is ensured not to carry viruses, and virus detection is carried out on parent shrimps and seedlings, so that the shrimps are ensured not to carry viruses. On the other hand, the disease resistance of the prawn is enhanced by improving the autoimmune capability of the prawn, including an immunopotentiator, a disease-resistant compound feed and the like. Due to the lack of effective treatment and regulatory measures, especially in high-density farming models, the disease can spread rapidly once it has developed, even by spreading to other countries and regions with human activity and logistics. Prawn virus disease is one of the most serious challenges for sustainable high-quality development of prawn breeding industry.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a microecological therapy of the decapod iridovirus 1 of the prawns, which can effectively regulate and control the microecological environment for prawn cultivation, reduce ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and pH value, and control the reproduction of blue algae and dinoflagellate, thereby preventing the outbreak of the decapod iridovirus 1, greatly improving the success rate and the yield of prawn cultivation, and having high use value.
Therefore, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the microecological therapy of prawn Octopus iridovirus 1 comprises the following steps:
(1) Adjusting the pH value of the prawn culture water body by using alpha-hydroxy acid, and keeping the pH value between 7.5 and 7.8;
(2) Adjusting the total organic carbon/total nitrogen of the prawn culture water body by using glucose and amino acid, and keeping the ratio of the total organic carbon/total nitrogen at 8-10: 1;
(3) Adding sodium humate and inoculating composite bacillus for the first time from 3 days before putting shrimp larvae, wherein the addition amount of the sodium humate is 2.5-3.0 g/m 3 Inoculating the composite bacillus into the culture water body while adding sodium humate, wherein the bacterial colony number of the composite bacillus is 1.0 multiplied by 10 4 ~2.0×10 4 CFU/mL, the composite bacillus comprises marine bacillus, curvularia bacillus, lysine bacillus and lactic acid producing bacillus, the colony number ratio of the four bacteria is 1;
(4) The composite bacillus is used according to the bacteria-material ratio of 10 5 And (3) mixing the materials according to the proportion of CFU/g, uniformly stirring, drying in the shade for 30 minutes, and then feeding the prawn.
In a preferred technical scheme, the inoculation amount of the composite bacillus is that the colony number is 1.0 multiplied by 10 4 CFU/mL。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method adopts a microecology therapy to control the decapod iridovirus 1, firstly adopts a sodium humate internal shading mode to control the transparency of a culture water body so as to control the propagation of algae, adopts a mode of reducing a pH value, adjusting a TOC/TN ratio, screening and orienting beneficial bacteria and promoting the propagation of bacteria, can effectively regulate and control the microecology environment of prawn culture, reduces ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and a pH value, and controls the propagation of blue algae and dinoflagellate, thereby effectively controlling the decapod iridovirus 1 to be converted from latent infection to acute infection, thereby preventing the outbreak of the decapod iridovirus 1, improving the success rate and the economic benefit of culture, reducing the discharge of sewage, and improving the ecological benefit and the social benefit of culture.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. For process parameters or conditions not specifically mentioned, it can be carried out with reference to conventional techniques.
Example 1
1. General description of cultivation
The area is 16.7hm 2 The prawn intensive culture pond is used for culturing the penaeus monodon, and the area of a single pond is 0.33hm 2 One port, 20 total ponds are provided with 2 sand filtering ponds for treating raw water for culture and are alternately used; the water supply amount is 300m 3 H, daily water supply of 7200m 3 /hm 2 The seedling density is 150 multiplied by 10 4 Tail/hm 2 And detecting that 20 pond-cultured penaeus monodon latently infects the decapod iridovirus 1.
The method for breeding the prawn Ocimum iridovirus 1 by the microecology therapy comprises the following steps:
(1) Adjusting the pH value of the prawn culture water body by using alpha-hydroxy acid, and keeping the pH value between 7.5 and 7.8;
(2) Adjusting the total organic carbon/total nitrogen of the prawn culture water body by using glucose and amino acid, and keeping the ratio of the total organic carbon/total nitrogen at 8-10: 1;
(3) Adding sodium humate and inoculating composite bacillus for the first time from 3 days before putting shrimp larvae, wherein the addition amount of the sodium humate is 2.5-3.0 g/m 3 Inoculating the composite bacillus into the culture water body while adding sodium humate, wherein the bacterial colony number of the composite bacillus is 1.0 multiplied by 10 4 CFU/mL, the bacillus compositus comprises marine bacillusThe method comprises the following steps of (1) sequentially adding sodium humate and composite bacillus into a culture water body every 7-10 days, wherein the addition amount of the sodium humate and the composite bacillus is the same as that of the first time;
(4) The bacillus compositus is prepared according to the bacteria-material ratio of 10 5 CFU/g ingredient, stirring evenly, drying in shade for 30 minutes, and then feeding the prawn.
2. Cultivation effect
The culture period is 110 days. The yield per unit of the pond cultured prawns by adopting the method reaches 28000kg/hm 2 Above, the culture specification reaches 60 tails/kg; the culture success rate reaches 100%, and the prawn carrying the decapod iridovirus 1 is always in a latent infection state without outbreak.
The culture period is 110 days. In 10 ponds without the method, 6 ponds can breed the decapod iridovirus 1 in 67 days, the typical symptoms of blackening feet in swimming, blacking tail, necrosing liver and pancreas and the like can appear, and the yield of the salvaged pond is 7560kg/hm 2 The success rate of cultivation reaches 40%.
Example 2
1. General description of cultivation
Area of 2hm 2 The prawn intensive culture pond is used for culturing the Litopenaeus vannamei, and the area of a single pond is 0.1hm 2 One port, 20 ports total pond, seeding density of 450X 10 4 Tail/hm 2 。
The method for culturing the prawns comprises the following steps:
(1) Adjusting the pH value of the prawn culture water body by using alpha-hydroxy acid, and keeping the pH value between 7.5 and 7.8;
(2) Adjusting the total organic carbon/total nitrogen of the prawn culture water body by using glucose and amino acid, and keeping the ratio of the total organic carbon/total nitrogen at 8-10: 1;
(3) Adding sodium humate and inoculating composite bacillus for the first time from 3 days before putting the shrimp larvae, wherein the addition amount of the sodium humate is 2.5-3.0 g/m 3 Inoculating composite bacillus into the culture water body while adding sodium humate, wherein the bacterial colony number of the composite bacillus is 1.0 multiplied by 10 4 CFU/mL, the composite bacillus comprises marine bacillus, bent bacillus, lysine bacillus and lactic acid-producing bacillus, the number ratio of colonies of the four bacteria is 1;
(4) The bacillus compositus is prepared according to the bacteria-material ratio of 10 5 And (3) mixing the materials according to the proportion of CFU/g, uniformly stirring, drying in the shade for 30 minutes, and then feeding the prawn.
2. Cultivation effect
The culture period is 90 days, and the yield per unit reaches 28000kg/hm 2 Above, the culture specification reaches 60 tails/kg; the success rate of the culture reaches 100 percent, and the prawn is detected to carry the decapod iridovirus 1 but is always in a latent infection state without outbreak.
Example 3
1. General description of cultivation
Area of 4hm 2 The prawn intensive culture pond is used for culturing the penaeus japonicus, and the area of a single pond is 0.33hm 2 . The total number of the ponds is 12, the seedling density is 105 multiplied by 10 4 Tail/hm 2 。
The method for culturing the prawns comprises the following steps:
(1) Adjusting the pH value of the prawn culture water body by using alpha-hydroxy acid, and keeping the pH value between 7.5 and 7.8;
(2) Adjusting the total organic carbon/total nitrogen of the prawn culture water body by using glucose and amino acid, and keeping the ratio of the total organic carbon/total nitrogen at 8-10: 1;
(3) Adding sodium humate and inoculating composite bacillus for the first time from 3 days before putting shrimp larvae, wherein the addition amount of the sodium humate is 2.5-3.0 g/m 3 Inoculating the composite bacillus into the culture water body while adding sodium humate, wherein the bacterial colony number of the composite bacillus is 1.0 multiplied by 10 4 CFU/mL, the composite bacillus comprises marine bacillus, curvularia bacillus, lysine bacillus and lactic acid producing bacillus, the colony number ratio of the four bacteria is 1Same as the first time;
(4) The bacillus compositus is prepared according to the bacteria-material ratio of 10 5 And (3) mixing the materials according to the proportion of CFU/g, uniformly stirring, drying in the shade for 30 minutes, and then feeding the prawn.
2. Cultivation effect
The cultivation period is 135 days, the yield per unit reaches more than 6200 kg/hectare, and the cultivation specification reaches 76 tails/kg; the culture success rate reaches 100%, and the prawn carrying the decapod iridovirus 1 is always in a latent infection state without outbreak. And the pH value is always stabilized between 7.5 and 8.0 in the culture process, and the ammonia nitrogen and the nitrite are always maintained at lower levels, wherein the ammonia nitrogen is below 0.5mg/L, and the nitrite is below 0.3 mg/L.
Example 4
1. General description of cultivation
Area of 1hm 2 The prawn intensive culture pond is used for culturing the Litopenaeus vannamei, and the area of a single pond is 0.16hm 2 . The total number of 15 ponds is 750 multiplied by 10 4 Tail/hm 2 。
The method for culturing the prawns comprises the following steps:
(1) Adjusting the pH value of the prawn culture water body by using alpha-hydroxy acid, and keeping the pH value between 7.5 and 7.8;
(2) Adjusting the total organic carbon/total nitrogen of the prawn culture water body by using glucose and amino acid, and keeping the ratio of the total organic carbon/total nitrogen at 8-10: 1;
(3) Adding sodium humate and inoculating composite bacillus for the first time from 3 days before putting shrimp larvae, wherein the addition amount of the sodium humate is 2.5-3.0 g/m 3 Inoculating the composite bacillus into the culture water body while adding sodium humate, wherein the bacterial colony number of the composite bacillus is 1.0 multiplied by 10 4 CFU/mL, the composite bacillus comprises marine bacillus, curvularia bacillus, lysine bacillus and lactic acid producing bacillus, the colony number ratio of the four bacteria is 1;
(4) The bacillus compositus is prepared according to the bacteria-material ratio of 10 5 CFU/g ingredient, stirring evenly, drying in shade for 30 minutes, and then feeding the prawn.
2. Cultivation effect
The cultivation period is 122 days, and the yield per unit reaches 38000kg/hm 2 Above, the cultivation specification reaches 56 tails/kg; the culture success rate reaches 100%, and the prawn carrying the decapod iridovirus 1 is always in a latent infection state without outbreak. And the pH value is always stabilized between 7.5 and 8.0 in the culture process, and the ammonia nitrogen and the nitrite are always maintained at lower levels, wherein the ammonia nitrogen is below 0.5mg/L, and the nitrite is below 0.3 mg/L.
Example 5
1. General description of cultivation
Area of 2.6hm 2 The prawn intensive culture pond is used for culturing the Litopenaeus vannamei, and the area of a single pond is 0.16hm 2 . The total number of 15 ponds is 450 multiplied by 10 4 Tail/hm 2 。
The method for culturing the prawns comprises the following steps:
(1) Adjusting the pH value of the prawn culture water body by using alpha-hydroxy acid, and keeping the pH value between 7.5 and 7.8;
(2) Adjusting the total organic carbon/total nitrogen of the prawn culture water body by using glucose and amino acid, and keeping the ratio of the total organic carbon/total nitrogen at 8-10: 1;
(3) Adding sodium humate and inoculating composite bacillus for the first time from 3 days before putting the shrimp larvae, wherein the addition amount of the sodium humate is 2.5-3.0 g/m 3 Inoculating composite bacillus into the culture water body while adding sodium humate, wherein the bacterial colony number of the composite bacillus is 1.0 multiplied by 10 4 CFU/mL, the composite bacillus comprises marine bacillus, curvularia bacillus, lysine bacillus and lactic acid producing bacillus, the colony number ratio of the four bacteria is 1;
(4) The bacillus compositus is prepared according to the bacteria-material ratio of 10 5 CFU/g ingredient, stirring evenly, drying in shade for 30 minutes, and then feeding the prawn.
2. Cultivation effect
The cultivation period is 132 days, and the yield per unit reaches 32000kg/hm 2 Above, the culture specification reaches 52 tails/kg; the culture success rate reaches 100%, and the prawn carrying the decapod iridovirus 1 is always in a latent infection state without outbreak. And the pH value is always stabilized between 7.5 and 8.0 in the culture process, and the ammonia nitrogen and the nitrite are always maintained at a lower level.
It can be seen from the above that the micro-ecological therapy of the prawn decapod iridovirus 1 can significantly reduce the occurrence rate of the decapod iridovirus 1, basically enables the decapod iridovirus 1 to be always in a latent infection state without outbreak, and greatly improves the culture success rate and the culture benefit.
The method can be applied to the prevention and control of the decapod iridovirus 1 in the breeding process of the main-cultured prawns such as marsupenaeus japonicus, penaeus monodon, mo Jiming prawns, litopenaeus vannamei and the like, can prevent the decapod iridovirus 1 from being transformed from latent infection to acute infection, reduces the outbreak of the virus disease, and has high use value.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The microecological therapy of prawn Octopus iridovirus 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Adjusting the pH value of the prawn culture water body by using alpha-hydroxy acid, and keeping the pH value between 7.5 and 7.8;
(2) Adjusting the total organic carbon/total nitrogen of the prawn culture water body by using glucose and amino acid, and keeping the ratio of the total organic carbon/total nitrogen at 8-10: 1;
(3) Adding sodium humate and inoculating composite bacillus for the first time from 3 days before putting the shrimp larvae, wherein the addition amount of the sodium humate is 2.5-3.0 g/m 3 Adding humic acidInoculating composite bacillus into the culture water body while adding sodium, wherein the bacterial colony number of the composite bacillus is 1.0 multiplied by 10 4 ~2.0×10 4 CFU/mL, the composite bacillus comprises marine bacillus, curvularia bacillus, lysine bacillus and lactic acid producing bacillus, the colony number ratio of 4 bacteria is 1;
(4) The bacillus compositus is prepared according to the bacteria-material ratio of 10 5 And (3) mixing the materials according to the proportion of CFU/g, uniformly stirring, drying in the shade for 30 minutes, and then feeding the prawn.
2. The microecological therapy for prawn Ochro-iridovirus 1 according to claim 1, wherein said Bacillus recombinans is inoculated in an amount such that the number of colonies is 1.0X 10 4 CFU/mL。
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