CN113801829A - 一株高产赖氨酸脱羧酶的突变菌及其应用 - Google Patents
一株高产赖氨酸脱羧酶的突变菌及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113801829A CN113801829A CN202010532396.XA CN202010532396A CN113801829A CN 113801829 A CN113801829 A CN 113801829A CN 202010532396 A CN202010532396 A CN 202010532396A CN 113801829 A CN113801829 A CN 113801829A
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- lysine decarboxylase
- escherichia coli
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- leu
- glu
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Abstract
本发明涉及基因工程和微生物改造技术领域,具体涉及一种稳定、高产赖氨酸脱羧酶的大肠杆菌突变菌株。申请人首先构建得到的重组表达赖氨酸脱羧酶EcCadA的大肠杆菌工程菌株,然后通过紫外诱变方法筛选获得一株稳定性好、赖氨酸脱羧酶产量高的大肠杆菌突变株,保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M2020181,为赖氨酸脱羧酶EcCadA的工业化生产奠定了基础。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于基因工程与微生物改造技术领域,具体涉及一种稳定高产赖氨酸脱羧酶的大肠杆菌突变菌株。
技术背景
1,5-戊二胺,又名尸胺,是生物体内广泛存在的具有生物活性的含氮碱,是赖氨酸在赖氨酸脱羧酶的作用下脱羧产生的,反应为L-lysine+H+→CO2+cadaverine。
1,5-戊二胺具有各种各样的功能及用途。例如,在农业上,1,5-戊二胺可用于调控植物衰老过程、促进雌雄蕊的发育、改善植物果实发育、提高果实产量。在医学上,它可作为一种有效治疗痢疾的药物,也是一种重要的药物中间体。在工业上,1,5-戊二胺是一种重要的化工原料,其与己二胺互为同系物,可与二元酸进行聚合反应可合成优质高分子材料-新型尼龙。其与己二酸共聚合成具有实用性的尼龙56性能媲美经典的尼龙66,而吸湿排干率、透气性、柔软度等性能更佳,可广泛应用作纤维(服装、轮胎、地毯等)和工程塑料(电子产品、汽车部件等)。而且1,5-戊二胺不依赖于石油原料的生物制造工艺可能对尼龙工业产生颠覆性的影响。
赖氨酸脱羧酶催化赖氨酸脱羧形成1,5-戊二胺,是1,5-戊二胺合成途径中的关键酶。赖氨酸脱羧酶存在于各种微生物中。目前,已经分别从大肠杆菌(E .coli)、蜂房哈夫尼菌(Hafnia alvei)、反刍动物月形单胞菌(Selenomonas ruminantium)、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(Salmonella typhimurium)和鮰爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella ictaluri)等细菌中克隆出赖氨酸脱羧酶基因。
最新的研究普遍采用过表达大肠杆菌的CadA来生产1,5-戊二胺。日本味之素公司的US7189543专利中保护了以二羧酸调节pH并通过细胞过表达大肠杆菌的野生型CadA酶转化赖氨酸产生1,5-戊二胺,产量达69g/L。上海凯赛在其专利CN 102851307A中通过在蜂房哈夫尼菌中过量表达大肠杆菌野生型CadA酶来转化赖氨酸,从而实现戊二胺和下游聚合物的制备。日本味之素公司的EP 3118312专利中公开了热稳定性提高的大肠杆菌CadA突变位点Val3、Ala590和Glu690。日本三井化学公司的US2015132808专利保护了多个活性增加的大肠杆菌CadA突变体,然而,这些CadA突变体的活性提高程度均低于20%,甚至大多数CadA突变体的活性提高程度不到10%,因此这些CadA突变体在实际生产上的应用价值非常有限。
赖氨酸脱羧酶作为催化赖氨酸生产1,5-戊二胺的催化剂,提升赖氨酸脱羧酶的活性可以减少催化剂的用量或缩短反应时间,进而降低生产成本,对1,5-戊二胺的工业化生产有重要的影响,因此本领域急需通过筛选或改造的方法获得性能提升的赖氨酸脱羧酶,提高赖氨酸脱羧酶生产菌株的产量,进而实现1,5-戊二胺的工业化生产。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种稳定、高产赖氨酸脱羧酶的大肠杆菌突变菌株。申请人首先构建得到的重组表达赖氨酸脱羧酶EcCadA的大肠杆菌工程菌株,然后通过紫外诱变方法筛选获得一株稳定性好、赖氨酸脱羧酶产量高的大肠杆菌突变株,为赖氨酸脱羧酶EcCadA的工业化生产奠定了基础,从而弥补现有技术的不足。
本发明一方面涉及一种大肠杆菌工程菌,其携带有重组表达赖氨酸脱羧酶基因的重组质粒。
所述的赖氨酸脱羧酶的氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO:1;其编码基因的核苷酸序列为SEQ ID NO:2。
本发明另一方面涉及一种突变菌株,是以上述大肠杆菌工程菌为出发菌,通过紫外诱变筛选获得的。
所述的突变菌株为大肠杆菌EcCadA-M4(Escherichia coli EcCadA-M4),已于2020年6月8日保藏于中国武汉 武汉大学的中国典型培养物保藏中心,保藏编号为CCTCCNO:M2020181。
本发明还提供了所述突变菌株在生产赖氨酸脱羧酶中的应用。
本发明首先将赖氨酸脱羧酶EcCadA基因在大肠杆菌宿主中表达,构建得到重组表达该酶的工程菌株大肠杆菌EcCadA。该菌株摇瓶发酵上清液中赖氨酸脱羧酶酶活为280 U/ml。
为了进一步提高赖氨酸脱羧酶的产量,申请人以大肠杆菌EcCadA为出发菌,通过紫外诱变的方法筛选获得一株突变菌大肠杆菌EcCadA-M4,该菌株能稳定、高效重组表达赖氨酸脱羧酶,其摇瓶发酵酶活高达681 U/ml,比出发菌提高了143.2%,赖氨酸转化生成戊二胺2小时内的实际产率高达99.2%,取得了意料不到的技术效果。此外,该突变菌株重组表达的赖氨酸脱羧酶的酶学性质未发生改变,其最适作用温度为55℃,最适作用pH值为6.0,与出发菌株相同。因此,该突变菌株可广泛应用于赖氨酸脱羧酶的发酵生产,有利于实现赖氨酸脱羧酶EcCadA在工业领域的广泛使用。
附图说明
图1为12%SDS-PAGE电泳检测分析图谱,其中:泳道M为蛋白标准分子量标记;泳道1所示为出发菌大肠杆菌EcCadA发酵上清液中蛋白表达情况;泳道2所示为突变菌M4发酵上清液中蛋白表达情况,箭头所指78.6kDa处的蛋白条带即为重组表达的赖氨酸脱羧酶。
具体实施方式
下面结合实例对本发明的方法做进一步说明。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常可按常规条件,如J.萨姆布鲁克(Sambrook)等编写的《分子克隆实验指南》中所述的条件,或按照制造厂商所建议的条件运行。本领域相关的技术人员可以借助实施例更好地理解和掌握本发明。但是,本发明的保护和权利要求范围不仅限于所提供的具体案例,而应包括本领域技术人员在本说明书基础上,不需经过创造性劳动就能扩展的保护范围。
实施例1表达野生型赖氨酸脱羧酶EcCadA的重组菌株的构建
申请人以来源于大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)的野生型赖氨酸脱羧酶EcCadA(其氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO:1,编码核苷酸序列为SEQ ID NO:2)为对象,设计PCR引物,以自然环境宏基因组为模板进行目的基因扩增,获得2.2kb大小片段,测序正确后连接至pET-SAmp表达载体上,转化BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,涂布LB+Amp平板,37℃倒置培养过夜,挑取单克隆,即获得重组表达野生型赖氨酸脱羧酶EcCadA的大肠杆菌工程菌株,命名为大肠杆菌EcCadA(Escherichia coli EcCadA)。
实施例2 大肠杆菌工程菌株发酵验证及酶活测定
将大肠杆菌EcCadA划线活化,37℃过夜倒置培养。挑取单菌落接种至20ml LB+Amp液体培养基中,37℃,220rpm过夜培养。次日,按0.5%接种量接种至100ml LB+Amp液体培养基中,37℃,220rpm培养3h生长菌体;然后加入终浓度0.1mM的IPTG在25℃ 220rpm条件下继续诱导培养20h。10000rpm离心10min,收集菌体,用超纯水漂洗2次后,用20ml pH6.0的PBS缓冲液重悬菌体,并超声破碎(P=200W,工作3s,停5s。20个循环)。然后10000rpm离心10min,收集上清粗酶液进行赖氨酸脱羧酶活性检测。
结果显示,本发明构建得到的大肠杆菌EcCadA摇瓶发酵上清液中赖氨酸脱羧酶活性达到280U/ml。从而说明该工程菌能高效表达赖氨酸脱羧酶EcCadA。
赖氨酸脱羧酶活力测定方法
本方法是根据赖氨酸脱羧酶脱羧L-赖氨酸生成二氧化碳和戊二胺,在碱性条件下戊二胺与2,4,6-三硝基苯磺酸(TNBS)反应的产物溶于甲苯,而赖氨酸所形成的化合物不溶于甲苯的原理设计的。用甲苯将尸胺与2,4,6-三硝基苯磺酸反应的产物萃取,在340nm下测定吸收值。然后和标准曲线对照,求出尸胺的浓度。这种方法最低可检测样品中7nmol的尸胺。
操作步骤
参考Phan的测定方法
(1) 分别采用不同缓冲范围的缓冲液B和缓冲液C分别配制20mM L-赖氨酸和10ug/mLCadA的缓冲液,以添加空质粒细胞破碎液为对照。200uL底物缓冲液和200uL酶液混匀37℃孵育5min;
(2) 反应结束前事先吸取70uL 1M碳酸钠终止液于酶标板中,然后吸取30uL酶反应样品加入终止液中终止反应;
(3) 然后往里加入50uL 20mM的TNBS显色液加入到上述体系中,42℃显色5min,显色后置于冰上;
(4) 吸取100uL上述混合溶液于新的深孔版中,加入500uL甲苯振荡萃取,然后4000rpm离心5min,吸取200uL萃取液至新的酶标板中,使用酶标仪测定340nm时的吸光度。
酶活力单位定义为:在标准酶反应条件下,每分钟催化产生1umol戊二胺所需的酶量定义为一个酶活单位。
酶活力计算公式如下:
酶活(U)=反应生成的戊二胺量/(反应体积×蛋白浓度×反应时间)。
戊二胺浓度的测定:
测定方法同上面CadA的酶活测定方法,配置戊二胺标准品浓度分别为(0mM,0.2mM,0.4mM,0.6mM,0.8mM,1mM,1.5mM)。绘制以340nm的吸光度为横坐标,戊二胺浓度为纵坐标的标准曲线。根据标准曲线即可计算出样品中戊二胺的实际浓度。
实施例3 紫外诱变与筛选
紫外诱变导致的突变随机性很强,突变产生的效果也是随机的,难以预测。因此,为了获得有效的正突变,技术人员通常需要进行多轮紫外诱变,筛选的工作量较大,而且存在无法获得有效正突变的可能性。但因为紫外诱变所需设备简单、费用少,并且可在短时间内获得大量突变体,因此,它现在仍是一种常用的诱变选育方法。
申请人以实施例1构建得到的大肠杆菌EcCadA(Escherichia coli EcCadA)为出发菌株,通过紫外诱变方法对其进行遗传学改造,进一步提高其赖氨酸脱羧酶脱羧的产量。
3.1菌悬液制备
实验前14-16h,挑取少量大肠杆菌EcCadA,接种于20mLLB+Amp液体培养基中,37℃过夜培养。次日,按0.5%接种量转接至50mlLB+Amp液体培养基中,37℃培养至对数期约3-4h;将活化好的菌悬液4000rpm离心5min,弃上清,菌体用生理盐水洗涤2次后,制成菌数约为108个/mL的单细胞菌悬液。
3.2 紫外诱变
取菌悬液4mL加到直径6cm的培养皿(内装搅拌子)内,在15W紫外线下25cm处搅拌照射不同时间。
3.3 突变株的高通量初筛
将诱变处理后的菌液在避光下稀释,取0.1mL稀释菌液涂布LB+Amp平板,37℃倒置培养过夜,与未经处理的做对照,选取生长圆润、规则的单个菌落编号,转接到试管斜面培养基上,37℃培养过夜。取斜面培养物接种于48深孔版LB+Amp液体培养基中,500rpm,37℃下培养3h,然后添加0.1mM的IPTG降温至25℃继续诱导过夜。
吸取200uL菌液至新的96孔板中,在反应板中各加入100ul,pH5.5,浓度为 10%的溶于醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲液的赖氨酸溶液,再在各孔中加入磷酸吡哆醛至终浓度为0.1mM,混匀。将混匀后的反应板在温度为37℃、转速为220rpm的摇床中反应,反应2h后终止反应。取100ul的反应液移至96孔的酶标板中,加入5ul混合指示剂(溴甲酚紫/溴百里酚蓝=1/1)显色。
突变株发酵上清液中赖氨酸脱羧酶酶活越高,则赖氨酸脱羧酶产量越高。在加入底物赖氨酸后发生脱羧反应,pH将由酸变碱,而指示剂的颜色将由黄变紫。因此,根据颜色差异,即可直观地观察到不同突变株之间产赖氨酸脱羧酶活性的差异。
利用本法,申请人筛选出使指示剂明显变紫色的突变菌株共8株,分别命名为M1,M2,M3,M4,M5,M6,M7,M8。
3.4 突变株的复筛及戊二胺产率检测
将挑选出的8株突变菌株再次进行发酵表达,同时以出发菌株大肠杆菌EcCadA作对照。发酵采用两步摇瓶发酵法:接种单克隆于20mLLB+Amp液体发酵培养基中,37℃过夜培养;次日,按0.5%接种量转接至100ml液体发酵培养基中,37℃培养至约3h,然后添加0.1mM的IPTG降温至25℃继续诱导过夜;10000rpm离心10min,收集菌体,用超纯水漂洗2次后,用20mlpH6.0的PBS缓冲液重悬菌体。取其中10%菌悬液超声破碎(P=200W,工作3s,停5s。20个循环);然后10000rpm离心10min,取200uL上清粗酶液按照实施例2中的方法进行赖氨酸的脱羧反应,并测定戊二胺的实际产生量,分别计算赖氨酸脱羧酶的酶活。
戊二胺产率的计算:
制备浓度为1M的赖氨酸底物溶液(含0.1mM的辅因子磷酸吡哆醛),取37℃预热的0.9mL底物溶液加入0.1mL上述细胞悬液,37℃摇床反应2h,按照实施例2中的方法进行戊二胺浓度的检测。
戊二胺的产率(%)=戊二胺的实测浓度/戊二胺的理论浓度(反应体系中戊二胺理论浓度为1M)×100%。
结果详见表1。
表1 不同突变菌株发酵上清液中赖氨酸脱羧酶酶活及戊二胺产率
从表1的数据可以看出,与出发菌相比,本发明初筛得到的8株突变株发酵上清液中赖氨酸脱羧酶活力及戊二胺的产率均有不同程度的提升。其中,突变菌M4发酵上清液中赖氨酸脱羧酶酶活最高,达681 U/ml,比出发菌提高了143.2%;戊二胺的产率高达99.2%,取得了意料不到的技术效果。
取突变菌M4与出发菌的发酵上清液进行SDS-PAGE电泳检测。结果如图1所示,突变菌M4发酵上清液中赖氨酸脱羧酶表达量明显高于出发菌。
申请人将该突变菌M4命名为大肠杆菌EcCadA-M4(Escherichia coli EcCadA-M4),并已于2020年6月8日保藏于中国武汉 武汉大学的中国典型培养物保藏中心,保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M2020181。
实施例4 酶学性质分析
4.1 最适作用pH值
分别配制pH值为3.0、4.0、5.0、6.0、7.0、8.0、9.0、10.0的缓冲液。将突变菌大肠杆菌EcCadA-M4和出发菌大肠杆菌EcCadA的发酵上清液分别用上述缓冲液稀释至合适的浓度,然后按照实施例2所述方法测定发酵上清液中赖氨酸脱羧酶的酶活力。以原始酶活为100%,计算不同pH条件下赖氨酸脱羧酶的相对酶活。
结果显示,突变菌大肠杆菌EcCadA-M4和出发菌大肠杆菌EcCadA发酵上清液中赖氨酸脱羧酶的相对酶活-pH变化曲线基本相同,最适作用pH均为6.0。
4.2 最适作用温度
将突变菌大肠杆菌EcCadA-M4和出发菌大肠杆菌EcCadA的发酵上清液用上述pH6.0的缓冲液稀释至合适的浓度。按照制造商的说明书,分别在30℃、40℃、45℃、50℃、55℃、60℃、70℃条件下,按照实施例2所述方法测定发酵上清液中赖氨酸脱羧酶的酶活力。以原始酶活为100%,计算不同温度条件下赖氨酸脱羧酶的相对酶活。
结果显示,突变菌大肠杆菌EcCadA-M4和出发菌大肠杆菌EcCadA发酵上清液中赖氨酸脱羧酶相对酶活-温度变化曲线基本相同,其最适作用温度均为55℃。
综上所述,本发明通过紫外诱变筛选获得的突变菌大肠杆菌EcCadA-M4重组表达的赖氨酸脱羧酶EcCadA的酶学性质与突变前相同,最适作用pH均为6.0,最适作用温度均为55℃。
序列表
<110> 青岛蔚蓝生物集团有限公司
<120> 一株高产赖氨酸脱羧酶的突变菌及其应用
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gctgtaatta ccaactctac ctatgatggt ctgctgtaca acaccgactt catcaagaaa 960
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gtcggtcgta ttaacgccaa tatgatcctt ccgtatccgc cgggagttcc tctggtaatg 1980
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gaaatcggcg ctcactatcc gggctttgaa accgatattc acggtgcata ccgtcaggct 2100
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Claims (7)
1.一种大肠杆菌工程菌株,其特征在于,所述的大肠杆菌工程菌株携带有表达赖氨酸脱羧酶的重组质粒。
2.如权利要求1所述的大肠杆菌工程菌株,其特征在于,所述的赖氨酸脱羧酶的氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO:1,其编码基因的核苷酸序列为SEQ ID NO:2。
3.一种大肠杆菌突变菌株,其特征在于,所述的突变菌株是以权利要求2所述的工程菌株为出发菌,通过紫外诱变方法获得的。
4.如权利要求3所述的突变菌株,其特征在于,所述的突变菌株的保藏编号为CCTCCNO:M2020181。
5.权利要求1或2所述的大肠杆菌工程菌株在生产赖氨酸脱羧酶中的应用。
6.权利要求3或4所述的大肠杆菌突变菌株在生产赖氨酸脱羧酶中的应用。
7.一种生产赖氨酸脱羧酶的方法,是以权利要求3或4所述的大肠杆菌突变菌株为发酵菌株。
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Application publication date: 20211217 |