CN113800944A - 一种烧失法制备微米孔隔热材料的方法 - Google Patents

一种烧失法制备微米孔隔热材料的方法 Download PDF

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CN113800944A
CN113800944A CN202110964600.XA CN202110964600A CN113800944A CN 113800944 A CN113800944 A CN 113800944A CN 202110964600 A CN202110964600 A CN 202110964600A CN 113800944 A CN113800944 A CN 113800944A
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insulation material
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肖家志
张三华
许远超
秦红彬
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Sinosteel Luoyang Institute of Refractories Research Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于耐火材料技术领域,提出的一种制备微米孔隔热材料的技术方法,所述材料由混合料组成,其质量百分比为:锻砂颗粒0~70%;锻砂细粉15~65%;锻砂微粉5~33%;结合剂2~45%,首先将质量百分比为100%的混合料和10~90%的水一起搅拌均匀,把搅拌好的物料放在110~150℃的干燥箱里烘干,然后把质量百分比为100%的烘干物料和2.0~9.5%的水再次混合并在轮碾机里搅拌15~25min,形成半干料,最后利用四柱液压机(压力≥50MPa)压制成型,在150~200℃的温度下干燥,并在500~1700℃烧制即可。本发明的微米孔隔热材料孔径分布均匀,气孔率易控制,工艺简单,在降低材料的体积密度的同时,还保留了材料的大部分强度。

Description

一种烧失法制备微米孔隔热材料的方法
技术领域
本发明属于耐火材料技术领域,主要涉及一种烧失法制备微米孔隔热材料的方法。
背景技术
隔热耐火材料是指气孔率高、具备绝热功能的材料,主要用在高于环境温度下防止热的流出损失,获得一定的节能效果和高的能源利用率。制备微米孔隔热材料一般采用五种方法制造:1)填充物烧失法,将一些可燃物或易挥发物填充于料浆之中,利用高温下烧失掉填充物的方法,使材料具备多孔性。优点是:孔径尺寸和气孔率易控制;缺点是:强度偏低,气孔分布不均,且制作过程中会污染环境;2)微米孔材料法,利用本身中空的材料为骨料,制作轻质隔热材料。优点是:颗粒孔径均匀,大小易于控制;缺点是:在材料中易分层,收缩线变化大,成本高;3)溶胶-凝胶法,把一些活性较高的化学物质均匀的混合到泥浆中,使之在泥浆中形成溶胶,通过缩聚反应,形成网络空间结构,最后干燥即可。优点是:孔径分布均匀,易于控制;缺点是:工艺复杂,成本高;4)有机泡沫浸渍法,利用有机泡沫体的三维网状结构作骨架,使料浆均匀地涂覆在三维网状骨架上,干燥后烧成得到的一种网状多孔陶瓷。优点是:材料孔径稳定,方便操作;缺点是:使用范围窄,工艺复杂,成本高。5)发泡法,主要分两种形式:①将起泡剂和稳定剂以一定的比例溶入到水中,再通过机械搅拌或吹气的方式得到泡沫,然后加入到泥浆中混合均匀,经成型、养护、干燥、烧成可得到轻质隔热材料。优点是:孔径易控制;缺点是:泡沫的稳定性差,干燥后线收缩率太大。②将发泡剂与耐火散料混合均匀,加入适量的液相,发泡剂与液相反应释放出气体,经一段时间的养护形成多孔的轻质隔热材料。优点是:孔径分布均匀;缺点是:发泡的速度不易控制,导致材料的体积密度波动大。
隔热材料想获得隔热效果,必须降低材料的导率系数;其常用手段就是提高材料的气孔率,因而强度一般都较低,而材料的组织结构对强度有很大的影响,在体积密度相同的情况下,固相连续,气孔分布均匀且孔径较小的材料强度高。因此在降低材料体积密度的时候要最大程度的保留材料的强度,还要降低制造成本,同时要努力克服一般制造方法的缺点。
发明内容
本发明目的是提供了一种烧失法制备微米孔隔热材料的方法,使其既能降低材料的气孔体密,达到隔热的效果,同时最大程度的保留材料的强度,减小了环境污染,降低了制造成本。
本发明为完成上述目的采用如下技术方案:
一种烧失法制备微米孔隔热材料的方法,微米孔隔热材料由混合料组成,混合料所包含的组成和质量百分比如下:
锻砂颗粒 0~70%、
锻砂细粉 15~65%、
锻砂微粉 5~33%、
结合剂 2~25%;
具体制造步骤如下:
①将质量百分比为100%的混合料和10~90%的水一起搅拌均匀,使物料成自流或泥浆状态,将搅拌好的物料放在110~150℃的干燥箱里烘干,形成结合剂分布均匀的干料;
②把质量百分比为100%的步骤①所制备的干料和2.0~9.5%的水再次混合,并在轮碾机里搅拌15~25min,形成半干料;
③利用四柱液压机(压力≥50MPa)把步骤②的半干料压制成型,在150~200℃的温度下干燥即为半成品;
④检查半成品的尺寸、形状、边角和裂纹,如有不合格的半成品,可回收,继续从步骤②开始重新加工;
⑤把合格的半成品放在窑炉里烧制,烧成温度为500~1700℃;
⑥产品冷却到常温,取出并检查外观,合格即可包装为成品。
所述的锻砂颗粒粒径范围为3-0.1mm,锻砂细粉粒径范围为0.1-0.044mm,锻砂微粉粒径范围为5-0μm。
所述的锻砂颗粒、锻砂细粉、锻砂微粉为氧化铝、氧化镁、尖晶石、氧化硅、碳化硅中的一种或几种组合。
所述的结合剂为水溶性的高聚物,粒径范围为0-10μm。
所述的结合剂为聚合柠檬酸铝、聚合草酸铝、聚合丙二酸铝、聚合丁烯二酸铝、聚合酒石酸铝、聚合戊二酸铝、聚合谷氨酸铝、聚合己二酸铝中的一种或几种的混合。
本发明提出的一种烧失法制备微米孔隔热材料的方法,以常温下易溶于水的高聚物为结合剂和造孔剂,利用高聚物的多少影响隔热材料的气孔大小和体积密度,根据需要,既可以降低材料的热导率,还能最大程度保留材料强度;高聚物既具有有机结合剂的常温高强度,又与材料有很好的润湿性,能很好的覆盖材料表面,减少了加水量,使材料在养护和干燥过程的收缩变小;高聚物具有高的粘度,在干燥的过程中,随着水分的散失,呈现微膨胀的趋势,在材料最终硬化和烧制过程中,能有效防止材料的开裂和塌陷;既能保温,还可以作用于工作衬,降低能耗和窑炉的运行成本。
具体实施方式
本发明以不同材质和不同结合剂的加入对体积密度及强度的影响以及和常规制样方式的材料做对比,对一种微米孔隔热材料的制备方法的应用效果加以说明。
实施例1~9:
烧失法制备微米孔隔热材料实施例1~15,以(3-2mm、2-1mm、1-0.5mm、0.5-0.1mm、180目、320目)电熔白刚玉、(2.5-1.4mm、1.4-0.5mm、0.5-0mm、240目、320目)碳化硅、(2.5-1mm、1-0.5mm、0.5-0.1mm、150目、320目)石英、硅粉(<80μm)、氧化铝微粉(d50<3μm)、碳化硅微粉(d50<5μm)、硅微粉(d50<1μm)为主料,以高聚物为结合剂,具体方案见表1~3。
常见的烧失剂一般为有机物,与水的亲和性不好,加入到物料中后容易造成孔洞大小分布不均,形成局部缺陷,影响材料的使用。而本发明采用的结合剂为水溶性的高聚物,能吸附于湿润的固体颗粒表面,当吸附层达到一定厚度时,会使固体颗粒表面的电荷明显增加,它们之间的静电斥力可以有效阻挡颗粒间的相互吸附, 减少水的填充量,同时也减缓了颗粒气孔对水分的吸收,保护颗粒不致絮凝,使体系均匀稳定,且在180℃以下可以反复利用,既消除了常规结助剂的分布不均的问题,还反复利用了原料,节省了物料成本。本发明所述的一种微米孔隔热材料的制备方法具有很好的应用前景。
表1 实施例1~5和对比例1~5的具体组分和配比方案
Figure RE-780163DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
表2 实施例6~10和对比例6~10的具体组分和配比方案
Figure RE-697303DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
表3 实施例11~15和对比例11~15的具体组分和配比方案
Figure RE-663991DEST_PATH_IMAGE003

Claims (5)

1.一种烧失法制备微米孔隔热材料的方法,其特征在于:微米孔隔热材料由混合料组成,混合料所包含的组成和质量百分比如下:
锻砂颗粒 0~70%、
锻砂细粉 15~65%、
锻砂微粉 5~33%、
结合剂 2~25%;
具体制造步骤如下:
①将质量百分比为100%的混合料和10~90%的水一起搅拌均匀,使物料成自流或泥浆状态,将搅拌好的物料放在110~150℃的干燥箱里烘干,形成结合剂分布均匀的干料;
②把质量百分比为100%的步骤①所制备的干料和2.0~9.5%的水再次混合,并在轮碾机里搅拌15~25min,形成半干料;
③利用四柱液压机(压力≥50MPa)把步骤②的半干料压制成型,在150~200℃的温度下干燥即为半成品;
④检查半成品的尺寸、形状、边角和裂纹,如有不合格的半成品,可回收,继续从步骤②开始重新加工;
⑤把合格的半成品放在窑炉里烧制,烧成温度为500~1700℃;
⑥产品冷却到常温,取出并检查外观,合格即可包装为成品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种烧失法制备微米孔隔热材料的方法,其特征在于:所述的锻砂颗粒粒径范围为3-0.1mm,锻砂细粉粒径范围为0.1-0.044mm,锻砂微粉粒径范围为5-0μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种烧失法制备微米孔隔热材料的方法,其特征在于:所述的锻砂颗粒、锻砂细粉、锻砂微粉为氧化铝、氧化镁、尖晶石、氧化硅、碳化硅中的一种或几种组合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种烧失法制备微米孔隔热材料的方法,其特征在于:所述的结合剂为水溶性的高聚物,粒径范围为0-10μm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种烧失法制备微米孔隔热材料的方法,其特征在于:所述的结合剂为聚合柠檬酸铝、聚合草酸铝、聚合丙二酸铝、聚合丁烯二酸铝、聚合酒石酸铝、聚合戊二酸铝、聚合谷氨酸铝、聚合己二酸铝中的一种或几种的混合。
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