CN113776445A - Single-frequency-interference rotor and stator axial clearance high-speed dynamic measurement method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a rotor and stator axial clearance high-speed dynamic measurement method with single frequency interference, which belongs to the field of rotor and stator axial clearance measurement and comprises the following steps: s1: an FSI frequency-modulated interference signal caused by axial movement of the rotor; s2: filtering normalization processing is carried out on the frequency modulation interference signal to obtain IFSI(t); s3: calculating an incremental phase from the frequency modulation interference signal after filtering normalization processing by using Hilbert transform; s4: using incremental phase and construction variable LcConstructing virtual axial displacement; s5: acquiring a series of function values of whether the virtual axial displacement is accurate or not, and considering the current construction variable L when the function V obtains the minimum valuec‑optimalThe axial displacement and the virtual axial displacement are both closest to the real value; s6: using an optimized construction variable Lc‑optimalAnd obtaining a high-precision dynamic axial clearance measurement result.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of rotor and stator axial clearance measurement, and relates to a rotor and stator axial clearance high-speed dynamic measurement method based on single frequency interference.
Background
Rotor-stator axial clearance is a very important parameter for turbines, compressors, motors and is critical to the operating conditions of rotating machines. Too little axial clearance will increase the risk of damage to the mechanical structure, while too much clearance will reduce the operating efficiency of the rotating machine. Therefore, during high speed movement of the rotating machine, high speed dynamic measurement of the axial clearance is of great importance.
The optical frequency modulation distance measurement technology has strong anti-interference capability and high measurement precision, is widely applied to civil facilities and national defense military equipment, and has advantages in the special environment of the axial clearance measurement of the rotating machinery. If the measurement target is static in a frequency modulation period, the distance to be measured is in direct proportion to the frequency of the interference signal, and high-precision absolute distance measurement can be realized through frequency method estimation. However, for dynamic targets, where the frequency of the interference signal is determined by both the current gap distance and the target motion velocity, using conventional frequency estimation demodulation methods can introduce doppler errors hundreds to thousands of times the magnitude of the target motion velocity.
In order to overcome the problem of measurement accuracy reduction caused by Doppler error, the current general method is to utilize an additional auxiliary interferometer to obtain frequency change caused by Doppler effect and to eliminate the Doppler error by adopting a reverse compensation mode. Although these methods can eliminate the doppler error to a certain extent, the additional auxiliary interferometer results in high system complexity, high cost, low reliability, and is difficult to adapt to the industrial application environment.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for dynamically measuring rotor axial gap at high speed by using single frequency modulation interference, which reduces doppler measurement error caused by object motion and provides real-time distance value at each sampling point under the condition of using only one frequency modulation light source.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a rotor and stator axial gap high-speed dynamic measurement method with single frequency interference comprises the following steps:
s1: an FSI frequency-modulated interference signal caused by axial movement of the rotor;
s2: filtering normalization processing is carried out on the frequency modulation interference signal to obtain IFSI(t)；
S3: calculating an incremental phase from the frequency modulation interference signal after filtering normalization processing by using Hilbert transform;
s4: using incremental phase and construction variable LcConstructing virtual axial displacement;
s5: acquiring a series of function values of whether the virtual axial displacement is accurate or not, and considering the current construction variable L when the function V obtains the minimum valuec-optimalThe axial displacement and the virtual axial displacement are both closest to the real value;
s6: using an optimized construction variable Lc-optimalAnd obtaining a high-precision dynamic axial clearance measurement result.
Further, in step S1, laser generated by the frequency modulation laser is transmitted to the optical circulator OC along the single-mode fiber and reaches the fiber probe, the laser is reflected on the exit surface of the fiber probe and the surface of the rotor, respectively, and interferes at the end of the fiber probe to form a frequency modulation interference signal, the frequency modulation interference signal reaches the photodetector PD via the OC, and the frequency modulation interference signal obtained by the PD detection is sampled by the data acquisition module and sent to the computer for dynamic distance calculation.
Further, in step S2, the frequency-modulated interference signal caused by the axial motion of the rotor is filtered and normalized as follows:
wherein phi isFSI(t) is the instantaneous phase of the FSI signal, k is the chirp rate of the frequency-modulated laser, fIThe frequency modulation laser is used for initially modulating the frequency, c is the light speed in vacuum, and n is the air refractive index; l (t) is dynamic rotor axial clearance:
wherein L (0) is t ═ in each FM cycleThe initial clearance value at the time 0, v (t) is the instantaneous speed of the axial movement of the rotor at the time t, A is the variation amplitude of the clearance of the axial movement, fLAnd the equivalent frequency is omega/2 pi, and the omega is the rotation angular speed of the rotor.
Further, the incremental phase Δ φ (t) in step S3 is obtained by Hilbert transform and expressed as
Further, in step S4, after acquiring the FSI signal increment phase, the configuration variable L is setcUsing incremental phase and construction variable LcConstructing a virtual axial displacement change, wherein the virtual axial displacement change is Delta Lc(t) is represented by
Wherein v isc(t) is the virtual real-time axial instantaneous velocity, where the second term is the error between constructing the virtual axial displacement change and the real unique change.
Further, in step S5, the function V is represented as
Further, in step S6, L is usedc-optimalThen the real dynamic distance measurement can be realized, and the calculation formula is as follows:
the invention has the beneficial effects that: aiming at the Doppler error problem in a frequency modulation interference system, the invention provides a rotor-stator axial clearance measurement method only using a single (one) frequency modulation laser, and the method uses the constructed virtual axial displacement and seeks an optimal solution to replace the traditional direct demodulation method, thereby realizing the high-precision rotor-stator axial clearance dynamic measurement at the sampling rate level.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out hereinafter.
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For the purposes of promoting a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the invention, reference will now be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a frequency-modulated interference dynamic ranging method for resisting frequency drift interference;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a model of rotor motion;
FIG. 3 is an original FSI frequency modulation interference signal sampled by the data acquisition module from the photodetector;
FIG. 4 is a signal of an original signal after filtering amplitude normalization;
FIG. 5 is an incremental phase obtained by solving the processed signal after Hilbert transform;
FIG. 6 is a search process for determining a function V;
fig. 7 shows the final recovered 6-cycle real-time axial clearance l (t) measurement result and the result of calibration using LDV.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention in a schematic way, and the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.
Wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustrating the invention only and not for the purpose of limiting the same, and in which there is shown by way of illustration only and not in the drawings in which there is no intention to limit the invention thereto; to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but it is not an indication or suggestion that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and the specific meaning of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, according to the technical scheme provided by the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, laser generated by a frequency modulation laser is transmitted to an optical circulator OC along a single mode fiber and then reaches an optical fiber probe, the laser is reflected on an exit surface of the optical fiber probe and a surface of a rotor, and then interferes at a tip of the optical fiber probe to form a frequency modulation interference signal, and the frequency modulation interference signal reaches a photodetector PD through the OC. And the frequency modulation interference signal obtained by PD detection is sampled by the data acquisition module and is sent to a computer for dynamic distance calculation.
For a rotating dynamic target, the real-time change in axial clearance L (t) can be expressed as
Wherein, L (0) is an initial clearance value at the time when t is 0 in each frequency modulation period, and v (t) is an instantaneous speed of the axial movement of the rotor at the time t.
The frequency modulated interference (FSI) signal caused by axial rotor motion is as follows
Wherein phi isFSI(t) is the instantaneous phase of the FSI signal, k is the chirp rate of the frequency-modulated laser, fIThe initial frequency modulation frequency of the frequency modulation laser is c, the light speed in vacuum is c, and n is the refractive index of air. The first term in equation (2) includes the true dynamic distance l (t), and the second term is the doppler error due to optical doppler shift. For frequency modulated interference signals, the conventional demodulation method is to find the absolute distance by finding the derivative of the instantaneous frequency of the interference signal, and when the frequency modulated interference signal contains Doppler error, the conventional method is not applicable.
The incremental phase of the target FSI signal, Δ φ (t), can be determined by the Hilbert transform and expressed as
For the rotor itself, the mathematical geometric model is shown in fig. 2, a coordinate system is established by taking the intersection point of the axis of the rotating shaft and the plane of the rotor as the origin of a cartesian coordinate system, and if the position coordinate of the center o 'of the emergent end of the optical fiber probe is shown as o' (0, L (0), r), the ordinate y of the M point of the target position is measuredM-r · tan α · cos (Ω · t). Where α is the rotor tilt angle and Ω is the rotor rotational angular velocity. Let fLWith an equivalent frequency of Ω/2 pi, the real-time change in axial gap l (t) can also be expressed as
Wherein A is the change amplitude of the axial movement clearance.
When acquiring FSI signal incrementAfter the phase, a construction variable L is setcUsing incremental phase and construction variables LcConstructing a virtual axial displacement change, wherein the virtual axial displacement change is Delta Lc(t) can be represented as
Wherein v isc(t) is the virtual real-time axial instantaneous velocity, where the second term is the error between constructing the virtual axial displacement change and the real unique change. From equation (1), the dynamic real-time axial gap (absolute distance) change can be recovered only by the accurate L (0) and the accurate axial displacement change.
If the construction variable Lc is consistent with L (0), the virtual axial displacement change is consistent with the real axial displacement change, the equation (4) is 0, and the time stamp t with the periodic characteristic can be calculatedk(ii) a If constructing the variable LcIf the time stamp t does not match L (0), let equation (4) be 0, and solve the time stamp tkThe periodic characteristics are destroyed. By evaluating the periodic characteristics of the time stamps, it can be determined whether the construction variable Lc is consistent with the true value, and the decision function V thereof can be expressed as
When V takes a minimum value, it can be considered that the current configuration variable Lc-optimalL (0). Therefore, by optimizing the function V, an optimized L can be obtainedc-optimalBy means of Lc-optimalThen the real dynamic distance measurement can be realized, and the calculation formula is as follows
The method comprises the following specific steps: firstly, filtering normalization processing is carried out on the frequency modulation interference signal to obtain IFSI(t); using the Hilbert transform to transform fromCalculating the incremental phase of the formula (3) in the frequency modulation interference signal after filtering normalization processing; according to equation (5), the incremental phase and the construction variable L are usedcConstructing virtual axial displacement; obtaining a series of function values of whether the virtual axial displacement is accurate or not according to the formula (6), and considering that the current construction variable L is the minimum value when the function V obtains the minimum valuec-optimalThe axial displacement and the virtual axial displacement are both closest to the real value; finally, the variables L are constructed using the optimizationc-optimalAnd obtaining a high-precision dynamic axial clearance measurement result according to the structure of the formula (7). FIG. 3 is an original FSI frequency modulation interference signal sampled by the data acquisition module from the photodetector; FIG. 4 is a signal of the original signal after filtering amplitude normalization, which shows the signal within one frequency modulation period after processing; FIG. 5 is the incremental phase of equation (3) obtained by solving the processed signal after Hilbert transform; FIG. 6 shows a search process for determining a function V, where the rectangular point is the position of the minimum V and the rectangular point corresponds to the abscissa for the optimized construction variable Lc-optimal(ii) a Fig. 7 shows the final recovered 6-cycle real-time axial clearance l (t) measurement result and the result of calibration using LDV.
Experimental results show that the error of the dynamic measurement of the method is less than 2.057 mu m, the measurement speed can reach 5MHz, the Doppler error can be effectively inhibited, and the high-speed and high-precision measurement of the axial clearance of the dynamic rotor and the dynamic stator is realized.
Finally, the above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all of them should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A rotor and stator axial gap high-speed dynamic measurement method with single frequency interference is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: an FSI frequency-modulated interference signal caused by axial movement of the rotor;
s2: for frequency-modulated interference signalsRow filtering normalization processing to obtain IFSI(t)；
S3: calculating an incremental phase from the frequency modulation interference signal after filtering normalization processing by using Hilbert transform;
s4: using incremental phase and construction variable LcConstructing virtual axial displacement;
s5: acquiring a series of function values of whether the virtual axial displacement is accurate or not, and considering the current construction variable L when the function V obtains the minimum valuec-optimalThe axial displacement and the virtual axial displacement are both closest to the real value;
s6: using an optimized construction variable Lc-optimalAnd obtaining a high-precision dynamic axial clearance measurement result.
2. The single frequency interference monotonic rotor and stator axial gap high-speed dynamic measurement method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S1, laser generated by the frequency modulation laser is transmitted to the optical circulator OC along the single-mode fiber and reaches the fiber probe, the laser is reflected on the exit surface of the fiber probe and the surface of the rotor, respectively, and interferes at the end of the fiber probe to form a frequency modulation interference signal, the frequency modulation interference signal reaches the photodetector PD via the OC, and the frequency modulation interference signal obtained by the PD detection is sampled by the data acquisition module and sent to the computer for dynamic distance calculation.
3. The single frequency interference monotonic rotor and stator axial gap high-speed dynamic measurement method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S2, the frequency-modulated interference signal caused by the axial motion of the rotor is normalized by filtering as follows:
wherein phi isFSI(t) is the instantaneous phase of the FSI signal, k is the chirp rate of the frequency-modulated laser, fIThe frequency modulation laser is used for initially modulating the frequency, c is the light speed in vacuum, and n is the air refractive index; l (t) is dynamic rotor axial clearance:
wherein, L (0) is the initial clearance value at the time when t is 0 in each frequency modulation period, v (t) is the instantaneous speed of the axial movement of the rotor at the time t, a is the variation amplitude of the axial movement clearance, fLAnd the equivalent frequency is omega/2 pi, and the omega is the rotation angular speed of the rotor.
4. The single frequency interference monotonic rotor and stator axial gap high-speed dynamic measurement method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the incremental phase Δ φ (t) is determined by the Hilbert transform and is represented as step S3
5. The single frequency interference monotonic rotor and stator axial gap high-speed dynamic measurement method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S4, after the FSI signal increment phase is acquired, the configuration variable L is setcUsing incremental phase and construction variable LcConstructing a virtual axial displacement change, wherein the virtual axial displacement change is Delta Lc(t) is represented by
Wherein v isc(t) is the virtual real-time axial instantaneous velocity, where the second term is the error between constructing the virtual axial displacement change and the real unique change.
6. The single frequency interference monotonic rotor and stator axial gap high-speed dynamic measurement method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S5, the function V is expressed as
7. The single frequency interference monotonic rotor and stator axial gap high-speed dynamic measurement method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S6, L is usedc-optimalThen the real dynamic distance measurement can be realized, and the calculation formula is as follows:
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| CN114812417A (en) * | 2022-04-19 | 2022-07-29 | 天津大学 | Rotor and stator gap error compensation method and device based on rotor position synchronization |
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