CN105526878B - The real time dynamic measurement method of radial clearance between a kind of turbine rotor and stator - Google Patents
The real time dynamic measurement method of radial clearance between a kind of turbine rotor and stator Download PDFInfo
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- CN105526878B CN105526878B CN201610028078.3A CN201610028078A CN105526878B CN 105526878 B CN105526878 B CN 105526878B CN 201610028078 A CN201610028078 A CN 201610028078A CN 105526878 B CN105526878 B CN 105526878B
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Abstract
The present invention is the real time dynamic measurement method of radial clearance between a kind of turbine rotor and stator, be characterized in, including determine the range unit of radial clearance, determine radial clearance between rotor and stator, determine transmitter to rotor surface distance, calculate rotor vertical offset when rotor center shifts, calculate when rotor center shifts the step such as calculating of radial clearance between the transversely eccentered amount of rotor, the rotor eccentricity for calculating optional position, turbine rotor and stator.Quick accurate dynamic can be carried out to turbine rotor labyrinth clearance in operation and blade tip seal gap to measure; solve the problems, such as between turbine rotor and stator radial clearance measurement error greatly and can not accurate on-line dynamic measurement; both unit safety economical operation had been ensure that, and can, which is saved, shuts down the overhaul time.
Description
Technical field
It is footpath between a kind of turbine rotor and stator the present invention relates to the monitoring of heat power equipment performance state and diagnostic field
To the real time dynamic measurement method in gap.
Background technology
Steam turbine is a kind of high-speed rotating machine that steam thermal energy is converted to mechanical energy.To keep steam turbine rotatable parts
Mill is not touched between stationary parts, it is necessary to make to leave certain gap between steam turbine rotatable parts and stationary parts.Vapour
The size of turbine flow passage component radial clearance is to influence the important indicator of the safe and reliable property of Turbine Flow Path.If should
Gap is too small, it is more likely that causes to touch mill between sound, causes steam turbine rotor and stator blade to wear, makes the operating efficiency of unit
Reduce, unit failure will be forced to shut down when serious, if gap is excessive, the leakage losses for making steam turbine is increased, steam turbine
Performance driving economy reduces.Therefore, the radial clearance whether excessive too small operation to unit between Turbine Flow Path sound
All it is unfavorable.Obviously, radial clearance between Turbine Flow Path rotor and stator is carried out in operation fast and accurately real
When dynamic measurement for steam turbine safety and economic operation it is significant.
China number of the edition 23-1251/TH《Steam turbine technology》03 phase in 1997 discloses Jiang Yaoming et al.《Turbomachinery
Dynamic clearance measurement》One text, the method that radial clearance between a kind of measurement turbomachinery sound is given in literary, but this kind of side
Method is connected on every blade firstly the need of by sensor, carries out static mapping.When dynamic measures, then need both ends of popping one's head in
Heat abstractor adds cooling circulating water, it is ensured that the temperature and pressure of test.The precision of obvious such a method dynamic measurement results is not only
Influenceed by static mapping, but also influenceed by the heat exchange situation of heat abstractor.In addition, such a method measurement working media master
Gas turbine is directed to, for steam turbine, because mesolow flow passage component vapor (steam) temperature is relatively low, its measurement accuracy is remote
The requirement of steam turbine can not be met.
Chinese invention patent application number 201210589363.4 proposes《One kind is obtained discrete using radial clearance sensor
The apparatus and method of axial clearance data》, this method needs to install at least one radial clearance sensor on stator, to receive
Collect radial clearance data to determine axial clearance data.Obvious this method have two it is obvious the defects of, on the one hand determine in steam turbine
Installable number of sensors is limited in son, can not cover the gamut of differential axial movement, and this will drop measurement accuracy
It is low.On the other hand, in test process, as long as the data distortion of any one sensor, whole test result precision will be caused to drop
It is low.
So far, there is not yet the text about the real time dynamic measurement method of radial clearance between turbine rotor and stator
Offer report and practical application.
The content of the invention
Flow passage component radial clearance is difficult to accurate real time dynamic measurement in being run for existing large-size steam turbine
Problem, present invention proposition is a kind of to carry out quick, high-precision detection to the radial clearance of steam turbine in operation to realize to turning
The method that sub- labyrinth clearance and blade tip seal gap accurately dynamically measure, so as to more truly detect the operation of current steam turbine
State, ensure unit safety economical operation, save and shut down the overhaul time.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is：The real time dynamic measurement of radial clearance between a kind of turbine rotor and stator
Method, it is characterised in that：Launch modulation light using two range units, by cooperative target reflected back towards receiver, the survey
It is high-frequency phase formula laser range finder away from device, the cooperative target is corner reflector, and the measuring method comprises the following steps：
1) when establishing turbine rotor center without skew, range unit, cooperative target, rotor and cylinder body relative tertiary location
The model one of coordinate system, determines radial clearance between rotor and stator；
2) when establishing turbine rotor center generation any direction skew, range unit, cooperative target, rotor and cylinder body phase
To the model two of locus coordinate system, determine transmitter to the distance of rotor surface；
3) when establishing turbine rotor and there was only lateral displacement, range unit, cooperative target, rotor and cylinder body space position
The model three of coordinate system is put, calculates unidirectional rotor offset and the vertical displacement of unidirectional rotor surface when rotor center shifts
Amount；
4) when establishing turbine rotor and there was only vertical displacement, range unit, cooperative target, rotor and cylinder body space position
The model four of coordinate system is put, calculates unidirectional rotor offset and unidirectional rotor surface lateral displacement when rotor center shifts
Amount；
5) by the unidirectional rotor offset calculated in the model three and the model four and unidirectional rotor surface displacement amount
Substitute into the model two, calculate the rotor eccentricity of the optional position.
The range unit is positioned over outside cylinder, and the cooperative target is installed on the rotor surface.
In the step 1), the coordinate system is that two range units are located at cylinder water respectively using rotor center as origin
It is gentle it is vertical in divide the two-dimensional coordinate system on surface, laser emission point A, B is along x-axis, the distance in y-axis direction to the rotor surface
It is denoted as LxAnd Ly, rotor without acceptance of persons, it is without friction when laser emission point be denoted as x to the gauged distance of the corner reflector0、y0, rotor
Without acceptance of persons, the distance of the rotor surface to cylinder body is L when without friction0, obtained according to speed, time and range formula Wherein Δ t1For laser the time of a round trip, s are completed in x directions；Δt2For laser
The time of a round trip, s are completed in y directions；C is the light velocity, m/s.
In the step 2), the rotor center after being subjected to displacement is O2If rotor displacement is any direction and size is e,
Wherein x1For projection displacements of the displacement e in x-axis, y1For the projection displacements of displacement e on the y axis；After rotating shaft is subjected to displacement due to
The additional distance in x directions and y directions caused by curved surface can be denoted as Δ x, Δ y, wherein, Δ x is that y is occurring for rotating shaft1Vertical displacement
Caused additional distance afterwards, Δ y are that x is occurring for rotating shaft1Caused additional distance after lateral displacement.
In the step 3), by round function x2+y2=r2Try to achieve pip y ' of the laser on y directions on rotor1ForIn formula：y′1For laser rotor surface pip；R be rotating shaft of steam turbine radius, m；By on x directions
Lateral displacement cause gap on y directions to become to turn to：Δ y=r-y '1, in formula：y′1For laser rotor surface pip.
In the step 4), rotor is caused the gap change on x directions to turn to by the vertical displacement on y directions：Δ x=r-x '1, in formula：x′1For laser rotor surface pip.
In the step 5), by laser emission point A along the x-axis direction to the distance L of the rotor surfacex, rotating shaft occur y1
After vertical displacement caused additional distance Δ x and rotor without acceptance of persons, it is without friction when laser emission point to the corner reflector mark
Quasi- distance x0It can obtain projection displacement xs of the e in x-axis1For：Lx-x0- Δ x=x1, the projection displacement y of e on the y axis1For：Ly-y0-
Δ y=y1；By described inΔ x=r-x '1Substitute into the Lx-x0- Δ x=x1：By described inΔ y=r-y '1Described in substitution
Ly-y0- Δ y=y1 Described in simultaneousWithTry to achieve x1And y1；So as to try to achieve maximal clearance between turbine rotor and stator and most
Small―gap suture, the maximal clearance areThe minimum clearance is
The present invention is according to the test philosophy and feature and combination relative coordinate system of high-frequency phase formula laser range finder using double
The real time dynamic measurement method of radial clearance between a kind of turbine rotor and stator that chi distance-measuring and positioning method obtains is surveyed, is had
The advantages of having, is embodied in：
1. establish four relative coordinate systems with motion rotors by two high-frequency phase formula laser range finders and surveyed using double
Chi distance-measuring and positioning method reflects that rotor in position at different moments, is realized and the non-of turbine rotor movement locus in operation is connect
Touch measures, so as to reach the quick and precisely reality to running radial clearance between medium-and-large-sized Turbine Flow Path rotor and stator
When dynamic monitor on-line；
2. compared with the most widely used capacitor and inductor distance-finding method of existing ranging, measuring cell is not only reduced in steamer
Installation difficulty inside machine, and reduce influence of the temperature high-pressure steam environment to sensor in steam turbine, substantially increase
The precision of measurement；Compared with existing sound ranging method, not only with time delay is short, reaction is fast, easily realize the characteristics of, and
And interference of the steam turbine inner high speed steam steam flow to sound wave is avoided, measurement accuracy is largely increased, and can realize
To the real-time dynamic monitoring of radial clearance between turbine rotor and stator；
3. unit safety economical operation can be ensured, save and shut down the overhaul time.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 be turbine rotor center without skew when, range unit, cooperative target, rotor and cylinder body relative tertiary location
Coordinate system schematic diagram；
When Fig. 2 is that any direction skew occurs for turbine rotor center, range unit, cooperative target, rotor and cylinder body phase
To the schematic diagram of locus coordinate system；
When Fig. 3 is that lateral displacement only occurs for turbine rotor center, range unit, cooperative target, rotor and cylinder body are relative
The schematic diagram of locus coordinate system；
When Fig. 4 is that vertical displacement only occurs for turbine rotor center, range unit, cooperative target, rotor and cylinder body are relative
The schematic diagram of locus coordinate system.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with implementation example below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
1~Fig. 4 of reference picture, the real-time dynamic of radial clearance is surveyed between a kind of turbine rotor and stator provided by the invention
Amount method, including herein below：
A. range unit chooses link
Two high-frequency phase formula laser range finders are chosen to measure Turbine Flow Path radial clearance.Pass through high frequency
Modulation phase of the light by the reflected light of cooperative target reflected back towards receiver that phase laser distance measurement instrument is projected using transmitter
Difference realizes range measurement.Take it is a kind of can either meet precision and can meet measurement distance it is scattered directly survey chi combined method
The laser in combination of two different frequencies is distinguished into measurement gap, wherein low frequency lasers carry out bigness scale, and high frequency lasers carry out accurate measurement.
It is f to obtain modulator and send low frequency1Laser, then wavelength be
In formula：λ1Launch the wavelength of low frequency laser, m for phase laser distance measurement instrument；f1For phase laser distance measurement instrument
Launch the frequency of low frequency laser, Hz；C is the light velocity, m/s.
Similarly, it is f to obtain modulator and send high-frequency2Laser, then wavelength be
In formula：λ2Launch the wavelength of high-frequency laser, m for phase laser distance measurement instrument；f2For phase laser distance measurement instrument
Launch the frequency of high-frequency laser, Hz；C is the light velocity, m/s.
Received in laser in this period from being transmitted into, if by n cycle, obtain low frequency laser from transmitter to
The distance of receiver is
L1=λ1n (2-1)
In formula：L1For distance of the low frequency laser from transmitter to receiver, m；λ1Launch for phase laser distance measurement instrument
The wavelength of low frequency laser, m；N is the laser cycle.
Similarly, the distance for obtaining high-frequency generating laser to receiver is
L2=λ2n (2-2)
In formula：L2For distance of the high-frequency laser from transmitter to receiver, m；λ2Launch for phase laser distance measurement instrument
The wavelength of high-frequency laser, m；N is the laser cycle.
If laser, less than n cycle and when being more than n-1 cycle, is being based on after undergoing a round trip
It is to distance of the low frequency laser from transmitter to receiver
L′1=λ1(n+Δn) (3-1)
In formula：L′1For distance of the low frequency laser from transmitter to receiver, m；λ1Launch for phase laser distance measurement instrument
Go out the wavelength of low frequency laser, m；Δ n is the difference in cycle；N is the laser cycle.
Similarly, obtaining distance of the high-frequency laser from transmitter to receiver is
L′2=λ2(n+Δn) (3-2)
In formula：L′2For the distance of high-frequency generating laser to receiver, m；λ2Launch for phase laser distance measurement instrument
The wavelength of high-frequency laser, m；Δ n is the difference in cycle；N is the laser cycle.
B. when turbine rotor center is without skew, range unit, cooperative target, rotor and cylinder body relative tertiary location coordinate
The foundation of the model one of system, determines radial clearance link between rotor and stator：
As shown in Figure 1, detection means is positioned over outside steam turbine by the present invention, does not consider the axial displacement of rotor
Influence, to intercept inside steam turbine exemplified by a certain vertical plane, range unit, cooperative target, rotor and cylinder body are established
Using rotor center as in the xy two-dimensional coordinate systems of origin.
Rotor its surface and cylinder body when without skew are considered as two concentric circles, if distance between the two is
L0, x0、y0Respectively represent rotor without acceptance of persons, it is without friction when rotor surface distance detection device A, B gauged distance, i.e., in rotor
For the heart when without skew, maximum, minimum radial distance are equal between rotor and stator, are represented by
Xmax=Xmin=x0=y0=L0 (4)
In formula：XmaxThe ultimate range of radial clearance, m between turbine rotor and stator；XminFor turbine rotor and
The minimum range of radial clearance, m between stator；x0For rotor without acceptance of persons, it is without friction when distance detection device A gauged distance,
m；y0For rotor without acceptance of persons, it is without friction when distance detection device B gauged distance, m；L0During for turbine rotor center without skew,
Radial clearance between rotor and stator, m.
C. when any direction skew occurs for turbine rotor center, range unit, cooperative target, rotor and cylinder body are relatively empty
Between position coordinate system model two foundation, determine transmitter to rotor surface apart from link：
As shown in Figure 2, when vibration and skew occur for the rotor of unit in operation, rotor is relative to its initial benchmark
Position is subjected to displacement, then rotor center changes, if the rotor center after being subjected to displacement is O2If rotor displacement is any side
To and size be e.Wherein x1For projection displacements of the displacement e in x-axis, y1For the projection displacements of displacement e on the y axis.Due to rotating shaft
Surface is circular curved surface, thus after rotating shaft is subjected to displacement the additional distance caused by curved surface we be denoted as Δ x, Δ y.Δx
Y is occurring for rotating shaft1Caused additional distance after vertical displacement, Δ y are that x is occurring for rotating shaft1After lateral displacement it is caused it is additional away from
From.
After surveying chi and determining, by formula (3-1) subtract formula (2-1) and by distance be converted into distance low frequency laser from hair
Emitter is to the distance of receiver
In formula：L″1For distance of the low frequency laser from transmitter to receiver, m；λ1Launch for phase laser distance measurement instrument
Go out the wavelength of low frequency laser, m；Δ n is the difference in cycle.
Similarly, when survey chi determine after, by formula (3-2) subtract formula (2-2) and by distance be converted into distance high-frequency
Distance of the laser from transmitter to receiver be
In formula：L″2For distance of the high-frequency laser from transmitter to receiver, m；λ2Launch for phase laser distance measurement instrument
Go out the wavelength of high-frequency laser, m；Δ n is the difference in cycle.
There is following formula establishment for the known light velocity and frequency
C=λ f (6)
In formula：C is the light velocity, m/s；λ launches the wavelength of laser, m for high-frequency phase formula laser range finder；F is high frequency phase
Position formula laser range finder launches the frequency of laser, Hz.
Laser complete a stroke time be
In formula：Δ t completes the time of a stroke, s for laser；F is that high-frequency phase formula laser range finder launches laser
Frequency, Hz；For transmitter and the phase difference of receiver, rad/s.
By formula (7), formula (6) substitute into formula (5-1) and (5-2) can be by phase differenceTime Δ t is scaled, then is now combined
The test philosophy of phase laser distance measurement method obtains transmitter transmitting laser
In formula：LxTo point out the ray i.e. transmitter of breaking-out sensing rotor center from A to the distance on rotating shaft surface, m；LyFor
Breaking-out, which is pointed out, from B points to the ray i.e. transmitter of rotor center to the distance on rotating shaft surface, m；C is the light velocity, m/s；Δt1It is sharp
Light completes the time of a round trip, s in x directions；Δt2For laser the time of a round trip, s are completed in y directions.
D. when turbine rotor only has lateral displacement, range unit, cooperative target, rotor and cylinder body relative tertiary location are sat
The foundation of the model three of system is marked, calculates unidirectional rotor offset and the vertical displacement of unidirectional rotor surface when rotor center shifts
Measure link：
Due to rotor vibration, it is eccentric when its lateral displacement and vertical displacement be respectively projection displacement x1、y1, by Δ x, Δ y
Independently ask for, first assume rotor along x-axis displacement x1And non-displacement in y-direction, then by the function x of circle in mathematics2+y2=r2
Try to achieve pip y ' of the laser on y directions on rotor1。
When rotor in x directions offset is x1When, the value on y directions is
In formula：y′1For laser rotor surface pip；R be rotating shaft of steam turbine radius, m；x1It is displacement e in x-axis
On projection displacement, m.
Cause the gap on y directions to become by the lateral displacement on x directions to turn to：
Δ y=r-y '1 (11)
In formula：The additional distance caused by curved surface after Δ y is subjected to displacement for turbine rotor, m；R is rotating shaft of steam turbine
Radius, m；y′1For laser rotor surface pip.
E. when turbine rotor only has vertical displacement, range unit, cooperative target, rotor and cylinder body relative tertiary location are sat
The model four of mark system is established, and calculates unidirectional rotor offset and rotor surface lateral displacement amount ring when rotor center shifts
Section：
As shown in Figure 4, by the method that rotor surface vertical displacement amount is asked in step d, it is horizontal similarly to calculate rotor surface
To displacement, rotor is caused the gap change on x directions to turn to by the vertical displacement on y directions
Δ x=r-x '1 (13)
In formula：x′1For laser rotor surface pip；y1For the projection displacements of displacement e on the y axis, m；R is steamer
The radius of machine rotating shaft, m；The additional distance caused by curved surface after Δ x turbine rotors are subjected to displacement, m.
F. the unidirectional rotor offset calculated in model three and model four and unidirectional rotor surface displacement amount are substituted into model
In two, the rotor eccentricity link of optional position is calculated：
When rotor deflection to optional position, it can be resolved into deflected along x-axis after deflected again along y-axis, therefore any position
Rotor deflection amount when putting is the stack result of model three and model four.Distance L after known rotor biasx, additional displacement Δ x
With gauged distance x0Obtain projection displacement xs of the e in x-axis1For
Lx-x0- Δ x=x1 (14)
In formula：LxTo point out the ray i.e. transmitter of breaking-out sensing rotor center from A to the distance on rotating shaft surface, m；x0For
Rotor without acceptance of persons, it is without friction when distance detection device A gauged distance, m；Δ x be turbine rotor occur vertical displacement after by
In additional distance caused by curved surface, m；x1For projection displacements of the displacement e in x-axis, m.
Similarly, the projection displacement y of e on the y axis1For：
Ly-y0- Δ y=y1 (15)
In formula：LyTo point out the ray i.e. transmitter of breaking-out sensing rotor center from B two to the distance on rotating shaft surface, m；y1
Respectively projection displacement of the rotor in cylinder on y directions, m；y0Respectively represent rotor without acceptance of persons, it is without friction when distance detection device
B gauged distance, m；Δ y is that the additional distance as caused by curved surface after lateral displacement, m occur for turbine rotor.
By formula (8), formula (12), formula (13) substitute into formula (14) it is collated after it is final
In formula：C is the light velocity, m/s；Δt1For laser the time of a round trip, s are completed in x directions；R is steam turbine
The radius of rotating shaft, m；y1For the projection displacements of e on the y axis, m；x1The projection displacement for being e in x-axis, m；x0For rotor without acceptance of persons,
Distance detection device A gauged distance, m when without friction.
Similarly by formula (9), formula (10), formula (11) substitute into formula (15) it is collated after
In formula：C is the light velocity, m/s；Δt2For laser the time of a round trip, s are completed in y directions；R is steam turbine
The radius of rotating shaft, m；y1For the projection displacements of e on the y axis, m；x1The projection displacement for being e in x-axis, m；y0For rotor without acceptance of persons,
Distance detection device B gauged distance, m when without friction.
Simultaneous formula (16) and formula (17), try to achieve projection displacement xs of the e in x-axis and y-axis1And y1。
Obtained by Pythagorean theorem
In formula：E be turbine rotor center offset, m；y1For the projection displacements of e on the y axis, m；x1It is e in x-axis
Projection displacement, m.
G. between turbine rotor and stator radial clearance calculating link：
Due to rotor without acceptance of persons with the gauged distance x under Vibration Condition0=y0=L0, for turbine rotor and stator
Between maximal clearance XmaxFor
Xmax=L0+e (19)
In formula：XmaxRadial clearance maximum between turbine rotor and stator, m；L0For turbine rotor center without
During skew, radial clearance between rotor and stator, m；E is the offset at turbine rotor center, m.
Minimum clearance X between turbine rotor and statorminFor
Xmin=L0-e (20)
In formula：XminSmallest radial gap width between turbine rotor and stator, m；L0For turbine rotor center without
During skew, radial clearance between rotor and stator, m；E is the offset at turbine rotor center, m.
Above formula (19) and formula (20) are respectively the maximum and minimum value of radial clearance between turbine rotor and stator.
Calculated examples：Now example calculation, required data such as table 1 below are carried out for above embodiment.
Tables of data needed for the real time dynamic measurement method of radial clearance between a kind of 1 turbine rotor of table and stator
| Cylinder body radius | 200mm | The radius of rotating shaft | 120mm |
| Thick dipstick metering journey | 1000-1mm | Thin dipstick metering journey | 150-0.15mm |
| Thick chi phase difference (1) | 5.027rad | Thin chi phase difference (1) | 3.3565rad |
| Thick chi phase difference (2) | 5.027rad | Thin chi phase difference (2) | 3.3577rad |
A determines the range unit of radial clearance：
Two high-frequency phase formula laser range finders are chosen to measure Turbine Flow Path radial clearance.Pass through high frequency
Modulation phase of the light by the reflected light of cooperative target reflected back towards receiver that phase laser distance measurement instrument is projected using transmitter
Difference realizes range measurement.The present invention, which takes, a kind of can either meet that precision and can meets the scattered direct survey chi of measurement distance
The laser in combination of two different frequencies is distinguished measurement gap by combined method, and wherein low frequency lasers carry out bigness scale, and high frequency lasers enter
Row accurate measurement.
Wherein, the wavelength that modulator sends low frequency laser is
In formula：λ1Phase laser distance measurement instrument launches the wavelength of low frequency laser, m.
The wavelength that modulator sends high-frequency laser is
In formula：λ2Phase laser distance measurement instrument launches the wavelength of high-frequency laser, m.
From Laser emission to being received in this period, if by n cycle, low frequency laser is from transmitter to reception
The distance of device is
L1=2n (2-1)
In formula：L1For distance of the low frequency laser from transmitter to receiver, m；N is the laser cycle.
Distance of the high-frequency laser from transmitter to receiver be
L2=0.3n (2-2)
In formula：L2For distance of the high-frequency laser from transmitter to receiver, m；N is the laser cycle.
If laser after undergoing a round trip less than n cycle and when being more than n-1 cycle, byObtain low
Distance of the frequency laser from transmitter to receiver be
L′1=2 (n+ Δs n) (3-1)
In formula：L′1For distance of the low frequency laser from transmitter to receiver, m；Δ n is the difference in cycle；N is laser week
Phase.
Distance of the high-frequency laser from transmitter to receiver be
L′2=0.3 (n+ Δs n) (3-2)
In formula：L′2For distance of the high-frequency laser from transmitter to receiver, m；Δ n is the difference in cycle；N is laser week
Phase.
When b establishes turbine rotor center without skew, range unit, cooperative target, rotor and cylinder body relative tertiary location
The model one of coordinate system, determines radial clearance between rotor and stator：
Detection means is positioned over outside steam turbine by the present invention, and does not consider the influence of the axial displacement of rotor.It is such as attached
Shown in Fig. 1.To intercept inside steam turbine exemplified by a certain vertical plane, range unit, cooperative target, rotor and cylinder body are established
Using rotor center as in the xy two-dimensional coordinate systems of origin.It is now rotor center when without acceptance of persons corresponding to coordinate origin,
It is denoted as O1.A, two range units of B divide surface in being located at cylinder respectively vertically and horizontally, and it includes generating laser with receiving
Device, it is constant all the time that generating laser sends directions of rays.A, b is reception and the pip that cooperative target is laser, installed in quilt
Survey the circumferential surface of rotor.Distance of laser emission point A, B along x-axis, y-axis direction to rotor surface is denoted as LxAnd Ly.Rotor without
Vibration and without acceptance of persons when LxAnd LyOverlapped with x-axis, y-axis.
When without skew, its surface and cylinder body are considered as two concentric circles rotor center, if distance between the two
For L0。x0、y0Represent respectively rotor without acceptance of persons, it is without friction when laser emission point to the gauged distance of corner reflector, i.e. rotor center
When without skew, maximum, minimum radial distance are equal between rotor and stator, are represented by
Xmax=Xmin=x0=y0=L0=80mm (4)
In formula：XmaxThe ultimate range of radial clearance, m between turbine rotor and stator；XminFor turbine rotor and
The minimum range of radial clearance, m between stator；x0For rotor without acceptance of persons, it is without friction when distance detection device A gauged distance,
m；y0For rotor without acceptance of persons, it is without friction when distance detection device B gauged distance, m；L0During for turbine rotor center without skew,
Radial clearance between rotor and stator, m.
When c establishes turbine rotor center generation any direction skew, range unit, cooperative target, rotor and cylinder body phase
To the model two of locus coordinate system, determine transmitter to the distance of rotor surface：
As shown in Figure 2, when vibration and skew occur for turbine rotor in operation, rotor center is initial relative to it
Reference position shifts, if the rotor center after being subjected to displacement is O2If rotor displacement is any direction and size is e.Its
Middle x1For projection displacements of the displacement e in x-axis, y1For the projection displacements of displacement e on the y axis.Because rotating shaft surface is circular bent
Face, so the additional distance caused by curved surface can be denoted as Δ x, Δ y after rotating shaft is subjected to displacement.Wherein, Δ x is that rotating shaft is being sent out
Raw y1Caused additional distance after vertical displacement, Δ y are that x is occurring for rotating shaft1Caused additional distance after lateral displacement.
After chi determination is surveyed, subtracting formula (2-1) by formula (3-1), formula (3-2) subtracts formula (2-2) and distance is converted into distance must
In formula：L″1For distance of the low frequency laser from transmitter to receiver, m；Δ n is the difference in cycle.
In formula：L″2For distance of the high-frequency laser from transmitter to receiver, m；Δ n is the difference in cycle.
There is following formula establishment for the known light velocity and frequency
C=2 × 150 × 106=0.3 × 1000 × 106m/s (6)
In formula：C is the light velocity, m/s.
By phase differenceTime Δ t is scaled, then
For thick chi, the time that laser completes a stroke in x directions is
For thick chi, the time that laser completes a stroke in y directions is
For thin chi, the time that laser completes a stroke in x directions is
For thin chi, the time that laser completes a stroke in y directions is
When thick chi measures distance as turbine rotor center without skew, radial clearance between rotor and stator：
In formula：Lx(0)And Ly(0)During for turbine rotor center without skew, in x directions and y directions between rotor and stator
Radial clearance, mm.
Thin chi measures distance and is
In formula：LxAnd LyTo make the two rays i.e. transmitter of sensing rotor center respectively from the point of A, B two to rotating shaft table
The distance in face, mm.
When d establishes turbine rotor and there was only lateral displacement, range unit, cooperative target, rotor and cylinder body space position
The model three of coordinate system is put, calculates unidirectional rotor offset and the vertical displacement of unidirectional rotor surface when rotor center shifts
Amount：
Due to rotor vibration, it is eccentric when its lateral displacement and vertical displacement be respectively projection displacement x1、y1, by Δ x, Δ y
Independently ask for, first assume rotor along x-axis displacement x1And non-displacement in y-direction, then by the function x of circle in mathematics2+y2=r2
Try to achieve pip y ' of the laser on y directions on rotor1。
When rotor in x directions offset is x1When, the value on y directions is
In formula：y′1For laser rotor surface pip；x1For projection displacements of the displacement e in x-axis, m.
Cause the gap on y directions to become by the lateral displacement on x directions to turn to
Δ y=120-y '1 (11)
In formula：The additional distance caused by curved surface after Δ y is subjected to displacement for turbine rotor, m；y′1Turning for laser
The pip in sublist face.
When e establishes turbine rotor and there was only vertical displacement, range unit, cooperative target, rotor and cylinder body space position
The model four of coordinate system is put, calculates unidirectional rotor offset and unidirectional rotor surface lateral displacement when rotor center shifts
Amount：
As shown in Figure 4, by the method that rotor surface vertical displacement amount is asked in step (d), it is horizontal to calculate rotor surface
Displacement, rotor are caused the gap change on x directions to turn to by the vertical displacement on y directions：
In formula：x′1For laser rotor surface pip；y1For the projection displacements of displacement e on the y axis, m.
Δ x=120-x '1 (13)
In formula：The additional distance caused by curved surface after Δ x turbine rotors are subjected to displacement, m；x′1It is laser in rotor
The pip on surface.
The unidirectional rotor offset calculated in model three and model four and unidirectional rotor surface displacement amount are substituted into model two by f
In, calculate the rotor eccentricity of optional position：
When rotor deflection to optional position, it can be resolved into deflected along x-axis after deflected again along y-axis, therefore any position
Rotor deflection amount when putting is the result that model three and model four are superimposed.Distance L after known rotor biasx, additional displacement Δ
X, and gauged distance x0Obtain projection displacement xs of the e in x-axis1For
Lx- 80- Δs x=x1 (14)
In formula：LxTo make the ray i.e. transmitter of sensing rotor center from A points to the distance on rotating shaft surface, m；Δx
For the additional distance caused by curved surface after turbine rotor generation vertical displacement, m；x1The projection position for being displacement e in x-axis
Move, m.
Similarly, the projection displacement y of e on the y axis1For
Ly- 80- Δs y=y1 (15)
In formula：LyTo make the ray i.e. transmitter of sensing rotor center from the points of B two to the distance on rotating shaft surface, m；y1
For projection displacement of the rotor in cylinder on y directions, m；Δ y is attached caused by curved surface after turbine rotor generation lateral displacement
Add distance, m.
By formula (8-2), formula (12), formula (13) substitute into formula (14) it is collated after it is final
In formula：x1The projection displacement for being e in x-axis, m；y1For the projection displacements of e on the y axis, m.
Similarly by formula (9-2), formula (10), formula (11) substitute into formula (15) it is collated after
In formula：y1For the projection displacements of e on the y axis, m；x1The projection displacement for being e in x-axis, m.
Simultaneous formula (16) and formula (17), projection displacement xs of the e in x-axis can be tried to achieve1For 0.16mm, e is tried to achieve on the y axis
Projection displacement y1For 0.13mm.
Obtained by Pythagorean theorem
In formula：E be turbine rotor center offset, mm.
The calculating of radial clearance between g turbine rotors and stator：
Due to rotor without acceptance of persons with the gauged distance x under Vibration Condition0=y0=L0, for turbine rotor and stator
Between maximal clearance be
Xmax=80+0.206=80.206mm (19)
In formula：XmaxRadial clearance maximum between turbine rotor and stator, mm.
It is for the minimum clearance between turbine rotor and stator
Xmin=80-0.206=79.794mm (20)
In formula：XminSmallest radial gap width between turbine rotor and stator, mm.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of real time dynamic measurement method of radial clearance between turbine rotor and stator, it is characterised in that：Using two
Range unit launches modulation light, and by cooperative target reflected back towards receiver, the range unit is high-frequency phase formula Laser Measuring
Distance meter, the cooperative target are corner reflector, and the measuring method comprises the following steps：
1) when establishing turbine rotor center without skew, range unit, cooperative target, rotor and cylinder body relative tertiary location coordinate
The model one of system, determines radial clearance between rotor and stator；
2) when establishing turbine rotor center generation any direction skew, range unit, cooperative target, rotor and cylinder body are relatively empty
Between position coordinate system model two, determine transmitter to the distance of rotor surface；
3) when establishing turbine rotor and there was only lateral displacement, range unit, cooperative target, rotor and cylinder body relative tertiary location are sat
The model three of system is marked, calculates unidirectional rotor offset and unidirectional rotor surface vertical displacement amount when rotor center shifts；
4) when establishing turbine rotor and there was only vertical displacement, range unit, cooperative target, rotor and cylinder body relative tertiary location are sat
The model four of system is marked, calculates unidirectional rotor offset and unidirectional rotor surface lateral displacement amount when rotor center shifts；
5) the unidirectional rotor offset calculated in the model three and the model four and unidirectional rotor surface displacement amount are substituted into
In the model two, the rotor eccentricity of the optional position is calculated.
2. the real time dynamic measurement method of radial clearance between turbine rotor according to claim 1 and stator, it is special
Sign is：The range unit is positioned over outside cylinder, and the cooperative target is installed on the rotor surface.
3. the real time dynamic measurement method of radial clearance between turbine rotor according to claim 1 and stator, it is special
Sign is：In the step 1), the coordinate system is using rotor center as origin, and two range units are horizontal positioned at cylinder respectively
With it is vertical in divide the two-dimensional coordinate system on surface, laser emission point A, B is remembered along x-axis, the distance in y-axis direction to the rotor surface
Make LxAnd Ly, rotor without acceptance of persons, it is without friction when laser emission point be denoted as x to the gauged distance of the corner reflector0、y0, rotor without
The distance of the rotor surface to cylinder body is L when eccentric, without friction0, obtained according to speed, time and range formulaWherein Δ t1For laser the time of a round trip, s are completed in x directions；Δt2For laser
The time of a round trip, s are completed in y directions；C is the light velocity, m/s.
4. the real time dynamic measurement method of radial clearance between the turbine rotor and stator according to claim 1 or 3, its
It is characterised by：In the step 2), the rotor center after being subjected to displacement is O2If rotor displacement is any direction and size is e,
Wherein x1For projection displacements of the displacement e in x-axis, y1For the projection displacements of displacement e on the y axis；After rotating shaft is subjected to displacement due to
The additional distance in x directions and y directions caused by curved surface can be denoted as Δ x, Δ y, wherein, Δ x is that y is occurring for rotating shaft1Vertical displacement
Caused additional distance afterwards, Δ y are that x is occurring for rotating shaft1Caused additional distance after lateral displacement.
5. the real time dynamic measurement method of radial clearance between turbine rotor according to claim 1 and stator, it is special
Sign is：In the step 3), by round function x2+y2=r2Try to achieve pip y of the laser on y directions on rotor1' beIn formula：y1' it is pip of the laser in rotor surface；R be rotating shaft of steam turbine radius, m；x1Exist for displacement e
Projection displacement in x-axis, m；Cause the gap on y directions to become by the lateral displacement on x directions to turn to：Δ y=r-y1', in formula：
y1' it is pip of the laser in rotor surface.
6. the real time dynamic measurement method of radial clearance between turbine rotor according to claim 1 and stator, it is special
Sign is：In the step 4), rotor is by the vertical displacement y on y directions1Cause the gap on x directions to become to turn to：Δ x=r-
x1', by round function x2+y2=r2Try to achieve pip x of the laser on x directions on rotor1' beIn formula：
x1' it is pip of the laser in rotor surface；y1For the projection displacements of displacement e on the y axis, m；R is the radius of rotating shaft of steam turbine,
m。
7. the real time dynamic measurement of radial clearance between the turbine rotor and stator according to claim 1 or 3 or 5 or 6
Method, it is characterised in that：In the step 5), by laser emission point A along the x-axis direction to the distance L of the rotor surfacex, turn
Son is by the vertical displacement y on y directions1Cause gap changes delta x on x directions and rotor without acceptance of persons, it is without friction when Laser emission
Gauged distance x of the point to the corner reflector0It can obtain projection displacement xs of the e in x-axis1For：Lx-x0- Δ x=x1, e is on the y axis
Projection displacement y1For：Ly-y0- Δ y=y1；Rotor without acceptance of persons, it is without friction when laser emission point to the corner reflector standard
Distance is denoted as x0、y0, the laser emission point A is arrived to the distance L of the rotor surface along the x-axis directionxCalculating formulaBy pip x of the laser on the x directions on rotor1' calculating formulaBy the rotor
By the vertical displacement y on y directions1The gap on x directions is caused to change calculating formula Δ x=r-x '1Substitute into projections of the displacement e in x-axis
Displacement x1Calculating formula Lx-x0- Δ x=x1：By the laser emission point B along the y-axis direction
To the distance L of the rotor surfaceyCalculating formulaBy pip y ' of the laser on the y directions on rotor1Meter
FormulaThe lateral displacement by x directions is caused the gap on y directions change calculating formula Δ y=r-y1' generation
Enter the projection displacement y of the displacement e on the y axis1Calculating formula Ly-y0- Δ y=y1：
Described in simultaneousWithTry to achieve x1And y1；So as to
The maximal clearance between turbine rotor and stator and minimum clearance are tried to achieve, the maximal clearance isThe minimum
Gap is
LyTo point out the ray i.e. transmitter of breaking-out sensing rotor center from B to the distance on rotating shaft surface, m；x0、y0Represent respectively
Rotor without acceptance of persons, it is without friction when laser emission point to the gauged distance of corner reflector, m；Δ y is that x is occurring for rotating shaft1Lateral displacement
Caused additional distance afterwards, m；Δt1For laser the time of a round trip, s are completed in x directions；C is the light velocity, m/s；R is
The radius of rotating shaft of steam turbine, m；x1' pip for the laser on x directions on rotor；Δt2For laser one is completed in y directions
The time of individual round trip, s；y′1For pip of the laser on y directions on rotor；L0For rotor without acceptance of persons, it is without friction when
Distance of the rotor surface to cylinder body.
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