CN111751834B - High-speed high-precision dynamic ranging method based on optical frequency modulation interference and single-frequency interference - Google Patents
High-speed high-precision dynamic ranging method based on optical frequency modulation interference and single-frequency interference Download PDFInfo
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- 230000003121 nonmonotonic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S17/08—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-speed high-precision dynamic ranging method based on optical frequency modulation interference and single-frequency interference, which belongs to the field of optical ranging and comprises the following steps of: the laser generated by the frequency sweep laser FSL is transmitted to the circulator FOC1 along a single mode fiber; the laser generated by the single-frequency laser FFL is transmitted to the circulator FOC2 along a single-mode fiber; two laser beams are combined into one beam in a wavelength division multiplexer WDM and reach an optical fiber Probe; the beam-combined laser is partially reflected and partially transmitted on the end face of the optical fiber Probe; the transmitted light re-enters the optical fiber after being reflected by the target to be detected, and forms sweep interference and single-frequency interference signals after interfering with the reflected light; after the interference signals are separated by WDM, the sweep frequency interference signals reach the photoelectric detector PD1 through FOC1, and the single-frequency interference signals reach the PD2 through FOC2; the two interference signals are sampled by a synchronous data acquisition system SDAQ and sent to a computer for dynamic distance dissociation calculation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of optical ranging, and relates to a high-speed high-precision dynamic ranging method based on optical frequency modulation interference and single-frequency interference.
Background
The optical frequency modulation interference as a non-contact absolute distance measuring method has the advantages of high measuring precision, large measurable range, strong anti-interference capability and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of civil facilities, industrial manufacturing, national defense equipment and the like. When the measuring target is stationary in one sweep frequency period, the interference signal frequency is in direct proportion to the distance to be measured, so that high-precision static distance measurement can be realized by estimating the frequency of the interference signal. However, for a dynamic target, the frequency of the interference signal is determined by both the distance and the speed, and the absolute distance value obtained by directly adopting the frequency estimation method contains Doppler errors caused by the speed term, and the errors seriously obstruct the dynamic measurement precision, so that the frequency modulation interference distance measurement system is disabled.
To eliminate doppler errors, it is currently common practice to convert a system of equations containing interference frequencies into a system of appropriate equations, which conversion is typically accomplished in two ways. Firstly, a triangular sweep frequency light source is used, the mode requires that the speed of a target to be measured is constant in one triangular sweep frequency period, and therefore the target cannot adapt to a fast moving or high-speed vibration target; secondly, the double-sweep frequency light source is adopted, the synchronous scanning of the two light sources is required to be ensured, and the expenditure of optical devices is required to be increased, so that the system cost is increased, and the system reliability is reduced. Furthermore, although both of the above methods effectively eliminate the doppler error, they can only give one distance value in one complete scanning period, and they cannot realize real-time distance measurement in one frequency scanning period. Therefore, for the frequency-sweeping interference ranging system, besides eliminating Doppler errors, how to realize high-speed and high-precision measurement of dynamic distance under the conditions of low complexity and low cost becomes a key for improving the dynamic performance of the frequency-modulating interference ranging system, and also becomes a necessary solution problem before the application of the frequency-modulating interference ranging system enters large-scale popularization.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a high-speed high-precision dynamic ranging method based on optical frequency modulation interference and single frequency interference, which eliminates doppler measurement errors caused by target movement and gives a real-time distance value at each sampling point.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a high-speed high-precision dynamic ranging method based on optical frequency modulation interference and single-frequency interference comprises the following steps:
the laser generated by the frequency sweep laser FSL is transmitted to the circulator FOC1 along a single mode fiber; the laser generated by the single-frequency laser FFL is transmitted to the circulator FOC2 along a single-mode fiber;
two laser beams are combined into one beam in a wavelength division multiplexer WDM and reach an optical fiber Probe;
the beam-combined laser is partially reflected and partially transmitted on the end face of the optical fiber Probe;
the transmitted light re-enters the optical fiber after being reflected by the target to be detected, and forms sweep interference and single-frequency interference signals after interfering with the reflected light;
after the interference signals are separated by WDM, the sweep frequency interference signals reach the photoelectric detector PD1 through FOC1, and the single-frequency interference signals reach the PD2 through FOC2;
the two interference signals are sampled by a synchronous data acquisition system SDAQ and sent to a computer for dynamic distance dissociation calculation.
Further, for dynamic targets, real-time distance writing to be measured
Wherein L is 0 The initial distance at time t=0, and v (t) is the instantaneous speed of the measurement object.
Further, the frequency sweep interference signal corresponding to the target is
Wherein,is the instantaneous phase of FSI signal, k is FSL frequency modulation rate, c is vacuum light speed, n is air refractive index, f INI Is FSL initial frequency; the first term in equation (2) contains the true dynamic distance L (t), and the second term is the error caused by doppler shift; if phi is used FSI Transient slope of (t)>To calculate the dynamic distance, the measured distance L M (t) is:
the second term f (t) v (t)/k of the above equation is a Doppler error that is sensitive to velocity v (t).
Further, the single-frequency interference signal corresponding to the target is:
wherein f FFL Laser frequency of FFI, phi F Is the initial phase;
from the formula (2), v (t) can be obtained from the formula (4), and (f) can be subtracted from the formula (2) INI +kt) v (t), the Doppler error can be eliminated. However, homodyne single frequency interference S FFI The v (t) cannot be directly solved by the equation (4) without information about the velocity direction, and the phase corresponding to the high-velocity moving object is also not knownIs generally non-monotonic and cannot use a basePhase unwrapping method of Yu Jier Bert transform phase solving +.>However, by S FSI (t) it can be seen that:
the first term in equation (5) is the initial distance L 0 The resulting linear phase, the second term being the phase term related to v (t), the sum of the first term and the second termAs a phase increment, therefore, a phase as shown in the formula (6) can be constructed:
l in the above c 、As a structural variable, it can be seen from the above formula that when L c ＝L 0 、/>In this case, the construction is->And->Equal, i.e.)>For this purpose, the following objective function is constructed
By finding the minimum K value, i.eObtaining a dynamic distance L (t) by using a reconstruction mode:
further, the two interference signals are sampled by a synchronous data acquisition system SDAQ and sent to a computer for dynamic distance dissociation calculation, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
synchronous sampling is carried out, and a frequency sweep interference FSI signal and a single frequency interference FFI signal are obtained;
zero-phase band-pass filtering is carried out on the two groups of signals, and normalization processing is carried out;
solving instantaneous phase using Hilbert transformAnd calculate +.>
Constructing an objective functionWith an objective function K, the minimum value of K is obtained, and under the condition, the optimization L is obtained c And->
According to equation (8) and the resulting optimization L c Andthe dynamic distance L (t) is calculated.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: aiming at the Doppler error problem in the frequency modulation interference system, the invention provides a method for eliminating Doppler error by using homodyne single frequency interference, which can realize high-precision dynamic distance measurement of a sampling rate level.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out in the specification.
Drawings
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in the following preferred detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a built dynamic ranging experiment system;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a high-speed high-precision dynamic ranging method based on optical FM interference and single-frequency interference;
FIG. 3 is a graph of FSI and FFI signals obtained over a single frequency modulation period;
FIG. 4 is a signal diagram after filtering the FSI signal and the FFI signal and amplitude normalization;
FIG. 5 is an instantaneous phase obtained using Hilbert transform;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the construction function K value;
fig. 7 shows the dynamic displacement of each scanning instant reconstructed in one cycle.
Detailed Description
Other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, which describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to specific examples. The invention may be practiced or carried out in other embodiments that depart from the specific details, and the details of the present description may be modified or varied from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments merely illustrate the basic idea of the present invention by way of illustration, and the following embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Wherein the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are shown in schematic, non-physical, and not intended to limit the invention; for the purpose of better illustrating embodiments of the invention, certain elements of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced and do not represent the size of the actual product; it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numbers in the drawings of embodiments of the invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that, if there are terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., that indicate an azimuth or a positional relationship based on the azimuth or the positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but not for indicating or suggesting that the referred device or element must have a specific azimuth, be constructed and operated in a specific azimuth, so that the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are merely for exemplary illustration and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that the specific meaning of the above terms may be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
According to the invention, a dynamic ranging experiment system is firstly built, as shown in fig. 1, laser generated by a frequency sweeping laser FSL and a single-frequency laser FFL are respectively transmitted to circulators FOC1 and FOC2 along single-mode optical fibers. The two laser beams are combined into one beam in the WDM and reach the fiber Probe. The combined laser is partially reflected and partially transmitted at the end face of the probe. The transmitted light is reflected by the object to be detected and then reenters the optical fiber, and forms sweep interference and single-frequency interference signals after interference with the reflected light. After WDM splitting the interference signal, the swept interference signal reaches the photodetector PD1 via FOC1 and the single frequency interference signal reaches PD2 via FOC2. Finally, the two interference signals are sampled by a synchronous data acquisition system SDAQ and sent to a computer for dynamic distance dissociation calculation.
For dynamic targets, the real-time distance to be measured can be written
Wherein L is 0 The initial distance at time t=0, and v (t) is the instantaneous speed of the measurement object.
The sweep frequency interference signal corresponding to the target is
Wherein phi is FSI (t) is the instantaneous phase of the FSI signal, k is the FSL modulation rate, c is the vacuum light velocity, n is the air refractive index, f INI Is the FSL initial frequency. The first term in equation (2) contains the true dynamic distance L (t), and the second term is the error caused by doppler shift. If phi is used FSI Instantaneous slope dφ of (t) FSI (t)/dt to calculate dynamic distance, resulting measured distance L M (t) is:
the second term f (t) v (t)/k of the above equation is a Doppler error that is sensitive to velocity v (t).
The single-frequency interference signal corresponding to the target is:
wherein f FFL Laser frequency of FFI, phi F Is the initial phase.
From the formula (2), v (t) can be obtained from the formula (4), and (f) can be subtracted from the formula (2) INI +kt) v (t), the Doppler error can be eliminated. However, homodyne single frequency interference S FFI The v (t) cannot be directly solved by the equation (4) without information about the velocity direction, and the phase phi corresponding to the high-velocity moving object FFI (t) is generally non-monotonic and cannot be phase resolved using a Gilbert transform-based phase unwrapping method FFI (t). However, by S FSI (t) it can be seen that:
the first term in equation (5) is the initial distance L 0 The resulting linear phase, the second term is the phase term related to v (t). The sum of the first term and the second term delta phi FSI (t) is the phase increment. Thus, the phase shown in the formula (6) can be constructed:
l in the above c 、φ c Is a construction variable. As can be seen from the above, when L c ＝L 0 、φ c ＝φ F In the process, the structural quantity phi CON And phi is equal to FFI Equality, i.e. cos [ phi ] CON (t)]＝S FFI . For this purpose, the following objective function is constructed
By finding the minimum K value (i.e. K min (L c ,φ c ) The dynamic distance L (t) can be obtained by using a reconstruction mode,
the implementation steps of the method are shown in fig. 2, and mainly comprise:
1. synchronous sampling is carried out, and a frequency sweep interference FSI signal and a single frequency interference FFI signal are obtained;
2. zero-phase band-pass filtering is carried out on the two groups of signals, and normalization processing is carried out;
3. solving instantaneous phase using Hilbert transformAnd calculate +.>
4. Constructing an objective function phi CON (t) and an objective function K, obtaining the minimum value of K, and obtaining the optimization L under the condition c And phi c 。
The optimization L obtained according to formula (8) and the above steps c And phi c The dynamic distance L (t) is calculated.
In order to verify the effectiveness of the method, a dynamic ranging experiment system shown in fig. 1 is built, wherein FSL is a C-band light source, and the initial frequency modulation frequency f INI = 191250GHz, the modulation rate k=104 GHz/ms, the modulation period t=0.486 ms; FFL is O-band light source with frequency f FFL = 229007GHz. SDAQ sampling rate is 5M/s, and double channels are formed; the dynamic target is an aluminum reflecting surface bonded on the PZT, and the driving signal of the PZT is generated by a signal generator and amplified by a voltage amplifier. In addition, in the experimental process, a laser vibration meter is used for calibrating the dynamic displacement of the target.
Experimental results show that the dynamic measurement error of the method is smaller than 0.5 mu m, the measurement speed can reach 5MHz, doppler error can be effectively eliminated, and meanwhile, the high-speed and high-precision measurement of dynamic distance can be further realized. Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A high-speed high-precision dynamic ranging method based on optical frequency modulation interference and single-frequency interference is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the laser generated by the frequency sweep laser FSL is transmitted to the circulator FOC1 along a single mode fiber; the laser generated by the single-frequency laser FFL is transmitted to the circulator FOC2 along a single-mode fiber;
two laser beams are combined into one beam in a wavelength division multiplexer WDM and reach an optical fiber Probe;
the beam-combined laser is partially reflected and partially transmitted on the end face of the optical fiber Probe;
the transmitted light re-enters the optical fiber after being reflected by the target to be detected, and forms sweep interference and single-frequency interference signals after interfering with the reflected light;
after the interference signals are separated by WDM, the sweep frequency interference signals reach the photoelectric detector PD1 through FOC1, and the single-frequency interference signals reach the PD2 through FOC2;
the two paths of interference signals are sampled by a synchronous data acquisition system SDAQ and sent to a computer for dynamic distance dissociation calculation, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
synchronous sampling is carried out, and a frequency sweep interference FSI signal and a single frequency interference FFI signal are obtained;
zero-phase band-pass filtering is carried out on the two groups of signals, and normalization processing is carried out;
solving instantaneous phase using Hilbert transformAnd calculate +.>
Constructing an objective functionWith an objective function K, the minimum value of K is obtained, and under the condition, the optimization L is obtained c And->According to equation (8) and the resulting optimization L c And->Calculating a dynamic distance L (t):
wherein L is c For the structural variables, k is FSL modulation rate, c is vacuum light velocity, n is air refractive index, f INI For the FSL initial frequency, t represents time t.
2. The high-speed high-precision dynamic ranging method based on optical frequency modulation interference and single frequency interference according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by comprising the following steps: for dynamic targets, real-time distance writing to be measured
Wherein L is 0 The initial distance at time t=0, and v (t) is the instantaneous speed of the measurement object.
3. The high-speed high-precision dynamic ranging method based on optical frequency modulation interference and single frequency interference according to claim 2, wherein the method is characterized in that: the sweep frequency interference signal corresponding to the target is
Wherein,is the instantaneous phase of FSI signal, k is FSL frequency modulation rate, c is vacuum light speed, n is air refractive index, f INI Is FSL initial frequency; the first term in equation (2) contains the true dynamic distance L (t), and the second term is the error caused by doppler shift; if phi is used FSI Instantaneous slope dφ of (t) FSI (t)/dt to calculate dynamic distance, resulting measured distance L M (t) is:
the second term f (t) v (t)/k of the above equation is a Doppler error that is sensitive to velocity v (t).
4. The high-speed high-precision dynamic ranging method based on optical frequency modulation interference and single frequency interference according to claim 3, wherein the method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the single-frequency interference signal corresponding to the target is:
wherein f FFL Laser frequency of FFI, phi F Is the initial phase;
from S FSI (t) obtaining:
the first term in the formula is the initial distance L 0 The resulting linear phase, the second term being the phase term related to v (t), the sum of the first term and the second termFor phase increment, construct the phase as shown in:
l in the above c 、To construct the variables, the above formula is used when L c ＝L 0 、/>In this case, the construction is->And->Equal, i.e.The following objective function is constructed
By finding the minimum K value, i.eObtaining a dynamic distance L (t) by using a reconstruction mode:
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| CN114527293B (en) * | 2022-02-07 | 2024-04-12 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京长城计量测试技术研究所 | High-precision rotating speed measuring method based on femtosecond optical frequency comb |
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