CN113772900A - 一种海水养殖尾水处理高效脱氮除磷工艺系统 - Google Patents
一种海水养殖尾水处理高效脱氮除磷工艺系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种海水养殖尾水处理高效脱氮除磷工艺系统，包括物理过滤装置、高效生物处理单元、絮凝沉淀池、砂滤池、清水池、污泥池。所述物理过滤装置、高效生物处理单元、絮凝沉淀池、砂滤池与清水池依次相连，所述物理过滤装置、高效生物处理单元、絮凝沉淀池和砂滤池通过管道均与污泥池相连接，所述物理过滤装置、砂滤池通过管道均与清水池相连接。高效生物处理单元池内填充改性高亲水耐磨填料，整个系统配有碳源、絮凝药剂和定向锁磷药剂投加装置。本发明具有脱氮除磷效率高、占地面积小、运行成本低、无二次污染、管理方便等特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于污水处理领域，具体涉及一种海水养殖尾水处理高效脱氮除磷工艺系统。
背景技术
我国是海水养殖大国，海水养殖年产量在2000万吨以上，占全国海水产品总量的60％以上。2020年，广西全年全区水产品产量343.96万吨，其中，海水产品产量199.07万吨。近年来我国海水养殖业得到快速发展，养殖密度不断提高，与此同时，养殖尾水带来的环境问题日益引起广泛关注。当前，我国的海水养殖模式仍较为传统，多为开放式、粗放型，设施化和集约化程度较低，存在养殖尾水未经处理直接排放或不达标排放等现象。这不仅导致养殖水体和附近海域水质恶化，还进一步危害海洋生态环境、制约海水养殖业的绿色健康发展，与我国绿色发展理念相背，阻碍了生态文明建设。
海水养殖尾水含有养殖过程投加的饵料、药物、制剂和鱼虾等代谢产生的废物，大量排放后可导致养殖水体及临近水域的富营养化或水质恶化。国内外应用的养殖尾水处理技术主要包括物理处理技术、电化学处理技术和生物处理技术。其中物理处理技术只涉及到固态颗粒物的去除，而电化学处理技术由于能耗高、电极钝化等问题一直制约着它的发展与应用。生物处理技术包括微生物净化、贝藻净化和人工湿地净化技术等。目前有通过投放硅藻或单胞藻和滤食性贝类净化水体的方式，但应用场景受养殖品类和模式所限、处理效果欠佳。红树林人造潜流湿地、海马齿生态浮床等技术在净化养殖尾水方面取得了较好的应用，但该类技术需要占用较大土地且运行缓慢。
以活性污泥法为主的微生物处理工艺已经在城市市政污水处理和工业废水领域取得广泛应用，但是海水养殖废水的水质和水量与之相比，具有不同的特点，首先其排放量很大但是污染物含量较低，如无机氮含量一般只有3-5mg/L，COD含量在20-40mg/L，比工业废水和生活废水的都低。同时，它的溶解氧含量非常高，甚至接近饱和状态，加上海水养殖废水中污染物结构的特殊性，以及海水的盐度效应和离子强度效应，导致其处理难度和复杂度都大大增加。同时现有的微生物处理方法依然具有停留时间长、占地面积大、且菌剂易流失的弊端，目前市场上现有的工艺技术很难达到《海水养殖水排放要求》(SC/T9103-2007)中一级标准要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种海水养殖尾水处理高效脱氮除磷工艺系统，采用该工艺系统对海水养殖尾水进行处理后，可以达到《海水养殖水排放要求》(SC/T9103-2007)中一级标准要求，该系统具有脱氮除磷效率高、占地面积小、运行成本低、无二次污染、管理方便等特点。
本发明是通过如下的技术方案实现的：
一种海水养殖尾水处理高效脱氮除磷工艺系统，其特征在于，所述工艺系统包括物理过滤装置、高效生物处理单元、絮凝沉淀池、砂滤池、清水池、污泥池。所述物理过滤装置、高效生物处理单元、絮凝沉淀池、砂滤池与清水池依次相连，所述物理过滤装置、高效生物处理单元、絮凝沉淀池和砂滤池通过管道均与污泥池相连接，所述物理过滤装置、砂滤池通过管道均与清水池相连接。
所述高效生物处理单元包括曝气生物滤池1、厌氧池、曝气生物滤池2、改性高亲水耐磨填料、玻璃钢格栅盖板，所述曝气生物滤池1、厌氧池、曝气生物滤池2依次相连，所述改性高亲水耐磨填料填充在曝气生物滤池1、厌氧池、曝气生物滤池2内，所述玻璃钢格栅盖板位于曝气生物滤池1、厌氧池、曝气生物滤池2的上部，压住填料，防止上浮。
所述曝气生物滤池1、厌氧池、曝气生物滤池2的池体容积比例为2:4:1,所述曝气生物滤池1、厌氧池、曝气生物滤池2内的改性高亲水耐磨填料的填充容积不低于池体容积的60％，所述曝气生物滤池和厌氧池分别接种高效耐盐硝化菌和反硝化菌。
所述曝气生物滤池底部安装有微孔曝气盘，外加鼓风机对池体内部进行曝气，所述厌氧池内安装有潜水搅拌机，采用防腐材质，厌氧池外接碳源投加装置作为碳源不足时的应急补充装置。
所述改性高亲水耐磨填料为聚氨酯材质，采用悬浮球组合填料方式作为微生物的载体，载体材料带有氨基、羧基、环氧基等活性基团，空隙率在96％以上，比表面积为6000-15000m2/m3，固定化微生物后的密度接近于水的密度，在水中呈悬浮状。
所述絮凝沉淀池外接药剂投加装置，药剂主要为聚合氯化铝(PAC)、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)，辅助添加含镧的定向锁磷药剂。
所述物理过滤装置可采用微滤机、弧形筛等具有自动反冲洗功能的装置，该装置安装在生物池体上。
所述工艺系统，除了物理过滤装置前通过泵一次提升水体以外，后续水体全部通过重力自流实现。
本发明具有如下优点：
(1)挂膜快速、生物处理启动周期短，启动时间最长不超过20天；
(2)水力停留时间短、处理速度快、脱氮除磷效率高；
(3)无需外加碱度、外加碳源少，除磷选择性高，节省药剂；
(4)生物填料形成富养-亚滤-缺氧结构，溶解氧消耗少，无污泥回流装置，节省能耗；
(5)生物处理段几乎不产生有机剩余污泥，实现污泥减量；
(6)抗冲击，出水稳定，可间歇运行，运维简便。
本发明针对海水养殖尾水盐度高、排放量大、碳氮比较低、排放标准严格等问题，采用OAO生物处理工艺，以改性高亲水耐磨填料为载体实现微生物的高效固定化，污泥不易流失，微生物浓度高、活性强，脱氮效率高；通过少量添加含镧的定向锁磷药剂，大大减少PAM和PAC的药剂投加量，提高除磷效果，减少了污泥产量；解决了海水养殖尾水微生物处理启动慢、运行不稳定、调控复杂等关键问题，具有工艺简单、运行成本低、节省能耗、处理效果好等特点。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图；
图2为改性高亲水耐磨填料图片。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，所描述的实施例仅是本发明的一部分，而不是全部的实施例。以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述仅仅是说明性的，决不作为对本发明及其应用或使用的任何限制。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
参照图1，本发明提供一种海水养殖尾水处理高效脱氮除磷工艺系统，所述工艺系统包括物理过滤装置、高效生物处理单元、絮凝沉淀池、砂滤池、清水池、污泥池。所述物理过滤装置、高效生物处理单元、絮凝沉淀池、砂滤池与清水池依次相连，所述物理过滤装置、高效生物处理单元、絮凝沉淀池和砂滤池通过管道均与污泥池相连接，所述物理过滤装置、砂滤池通过管道均与清水池相连接。
所述高效生物处理单元包括曝气生物滤池1、厌氧池、曝气生物滤池2、改性高亲水耐磨填料、玻璃钢格栅盖板，所述曝气生物滤池1、厌氧池、曝气生物滤池2依次相连，所述改性高亲水耐磨填料填充在曝气生物滤池1、厌氧池、曝气生物滤池2内，所述玻璃钢格栅盖板位于曝气生物滤池1、厌氧池、曝气生物滤池2的上部，压住填料，防止上浮。
所述曝气生物滤池1、厌氧池、曝气生物滤池2的池体容积比例为2:4:1,所述曝气生物滤池1、厌氧池、曝气生物滤池2内的改性高亲水耐磨填料的填充容积不低于池体容积的60％，所述曝气生物滤池和厌氧池分别接种高效耐盐硝化菌和反硝化菌。
所述曝气生物滤池底部安装有微孔曝气盘，外加鼓风机对池体内部进行曝气，所述厌氧池内安装有潜水搅拌机，采用316L不锈钢材质，厌氧池外接碳源投加装置作为碳源不足时的应急补充装置，常用的碳源有葡萄糖、甲醇、乙醇、乙酸钠、玉米淀粉等。
所述改性高亲水耐磨填料为聚氨酯材质，采用悬浮球组合填料方式作为微生物的载体，载体材料带有氨基、羧基、环氧基等活性基团，空隙率在96％以上，比表面积为6000-15000m2/m3，固定化微生物后的密度接近于水的密度，在水中呈悬浮状。
所述絮凝沉淀池外接药剂投加装置，药剂主要为聚合氯化铝(PAC)、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)，辅助添加含镧的定向锁磷药剂。
所述物理过滤装置可采用微滤机、弧形筛等具有自动反冲洗功能的装置，该装置安装在生物池体上。
本发明的工作过程如下：海水养殖池塘或工厂化养殖池的排放水经水泵一次性抽提进入物理过滤装置(例如微滤机)，过滤后的水进入曝气生物滤池1中，而含有大颗粒物的反冲洗水进入污泥池；在曝气生物滤池1中，水中的溶液性蛋白质、氨氮等会在硝化菌的作用转化成亚硝酸盐氮，进一步转化成硝酸盐氮；曝气生物池1从上部溢流出水进入厌氧池，水体中的硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮在反硝化菌的作用下转化成氮气，实现脱氮，同时会水解难降解的有机物(如抗生素等药物)；厌氧池从上部溢流出水进入曝气生物滤池2，微生物分解有机物实现降COD，同时聚磷菌实现好氧吸磷过程；曝气生物滤池2从上部溢流出水进入絮凝沉淀池，通过少量投加含镧的定向锁磷剂，实现水体中磷的深度去处，在PAC和PAM等絮凝药剂作用下沉淀到池体底部，通过排泥管进入污泥池；絮凝沉淀池上部溢流出水进入砂滤池，通过石英砂进一步过滤后进入清水池，砂滤池定期进行清洗，反冲洗的滤渣进入污泥池；清水池的水可以进行循环回用或者达标排放，同时可以为物理过滤装置和砂滤池提供反冲洗用的清水；污泥池底部有污泥斗，由于产泥量较少，只需通过重力压缩排泥。通过该工艺系统处理后的水质可以达到《海水养殖水排放要求》(SC/T9103-2007)中一级标准要求。
实施例2
利用本发明的海水水养殖尾水处理高效脱氮除磷工艺系统，对海南某南美对虾工厂化养殖尾水进行处理，经处理后的排放水水质均满足《海水养殖水排放要求》(SC/T9103-2007)中一级标准要求，进出水水质指标经第三方监测数据如下：
注：进水指从养殖池排放的养殖尾水，出水指经处理设施处理后排放的水。
由此可以看出，采用本工艺系统对海水养殖尾水进行处理后，各项指标均能满足《海水养殖水排放要求》(SC/T9103-2007)中一级标准要求，可以实现达标排放。
虽然以上描述了本发明的具体实施方式，但是熟悉本技术领域的技术人员应当理解，我们所描述的具体实施例只是说明性的，仅用于解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。凡是通过本发明引申出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明的保护范围之中。
Claims (8)
1.一种海水养殖尾水处理高效脱氮除磷工艺系统，其特征在于，所述工艺系统包括物理过滤装置、高效生物处理单元、絮凝沉淀池、砂滤池、清水池、污泥池。所述物理过滤装置、高效生物处理单元、絮凝沉淀池、砂滤池与清水池依次相连，所述物理过滤装置、高效生物处理单元、絮凝沉淀池和砂滤池通过管道均与污泥池相连接，所述物理过滤装置、砂滤池通过管道均与清水池相连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种海水养殖尾水处理高效脱氮除磷工艺系统，其特征在于，所述高效生物处理单元包括曝气生物滤池1、厌氧池、曝气生物滤池2、改性高亲水耐磨填料、玻璃钢格栅盖板，所述曝气生物滤池1、厌氧池、曝气生物滤池2依次相连，所述改性高亲水耐磨填料填充在曝气生物滤池1、厌氧池、曝气生物滤池2内，所述玻璃钢格栅盖板位于曝气生物滤池1、厌氧池、曝气生物滤池2的上部，压住填料，防止上浮。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种海水养殖尾水处理高效脱氮除磷工艺系统，其特征在于，所述曝气生物滤池1、厌氧池、曝气生物滤池2的池体容积比例为2:4:1,所述曝气生物滤池1、厌氧池、曝气生物滤池2内的改性高亲水耐磨填料的填充容积不低于池体容积的60％，所述曝气生物滤池和厌氧池分别接种高效耐盐硝化菌和反硝化菌。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种海水养殖尾水处理高效脱氮除磷工艺系统，其特征在于，所述曝气生物滤池底部安装有微孔曝气盘，外加鼓风机对池体内部进行曝气，所述厌氧池内安装有潜水搅拌机，采用防腐材质，厌氧池外接碳源投加装置作为碳源的应急补充装置。
5.根据权利要求2和3所述的改性该亲水耐磨填料，其特征在于，所述改性高亲水耐磨填料为聚氨酯材质，采用悬浮球组合填料方式作为微生物的载体，载体材料带有氨基、羧基、环氧基等活性基团，空隙率在96％以上，比表面积为6000-15000m2/m3，固定化微生物后的密度接近于水的密度，在水中呈悬浮状。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种海水养殖尾水处理高效脱氮除磷工艺系统，其特征在于，所述絮凝沉淀池外接药剂投加装置，药剂主要为聚合氯化铝(PAC)、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)，辅助添加含镧的定向锁磷药剂。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种海水养殖尾水处理高效脱氮除磷工艺系统，其特征在于，所述物理过滤装置可采用微滤机、弧形筛等具有自动反冲洗功能的装置，安装在生物池体上。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种海水养殖尾水处理高效脱氮除磷工艺系统，其特征在于，所述工艺系统，除了物理过滤装置前通过泵一次提升水体以外，后续水体全部通过重力自流实现。
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| CN117247175B (zh) * | 2023-10-01 | 2024-05-14 | 江苏省海洋水产研究所 | 一种海水虾蟹养殖池塘尾水生态治理工艺及装置 |
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| CN113772900A (zh) * | 2021-10-19 | 2021-12-10 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | 一种海水养殖尾水处理高效脱氮除磷工艺系统 |
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| WO2023065653A1 (zh) * | 2021-10-19 | 2023-04-27 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | 一种海水养殖尾水处理高效脱氮除磷工艺系统 |
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| WO2023065653A1 (zh) | 2023-04-27 |
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