CN113771467A - 一种仿硅皮合成革 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及合成革制作领域，且公开了一种仿硅皮合成革，包括依次贴合的表面层、中间层、粘接层、基布、复合层及底布，表面层由聚氨酯树脂制成，经压印和打孔处理于表面层形成仿硅涂层，中间层中设有高弹性地网状阻燃防护结构，复合层中均匀铺设有双向阻燃结构。本发明利用压印和打孔处理形成仿硅涂层，降低成本同时使制品具备有机硅皮革所具有的柔软透气的性能，另外中间层中十字交叉的纤维条断开后弹性挡片相互接触贴合产生叠加形成防护结构，利用氯丁橡胶的阻燃性能对火焰进行阻隔，复合层中采用微胶囊工艺，降低阻燃剂消耗并最大化发挥阻燃作用，还保证阻燃剂的作用范围中不会出现空缺，提供充足的阻燃性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及合成革制作领域，具体为一种仿硅皮合成革。
背景技术
有机硅皮革是一款新型环保皮革，以硅胶为原材料，这种新型材料与超细纤维、无纺布等基材相结合，加工制备而成，适用于多种行业应用，有机硅皮革采用无溶剂技术，将有机硅涂覆粘接在各种基材上，制成皮革，为了降低有机硅的使用成本，可等同应用的仿硅皮合成革具有很大的研究和发展空间。
现有的仿硅皮合成革结构较为单一，在柔软透气和阻燃性能上难以做到有效的统一，特别是在阻燃性能上，现有的合成革往往直接将阻燃剂与合成革的各层材料结合，对于阻燃剂的消耗较大而且不能保证阻燃剂与各层材料的相容，容易出现阻燃空缺，因此需要做出相应改进。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种仿硅皮合成革，以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：一种仿硅皮合成革，包括依次贴合的表面层、中间层、粘接层、基布、复合层及底布；
所述表面层由聚氨酯树脂制成，经压印和打孔处理于表面层形成仿硅涂层；
所述中间层中设有高弹性地网状阻燃防护结构。
所述复合层中均匀铺设有双向阻燃结构。
优选的，所述中间层包括外框，多个所述纤维条呈十字网状交叉固定在外框中，纤维条交叉的节点处固定有弹性挡片，弹性挡片由氯丁橡胶制成。
优选的，所述粘接层包括粘接贴片，粘接贴片上下两侧均固定有加固凸网，所述粘接贴片及加固凸网均由聚氨酯树脂制成，加固凸网的网眼呈菱形。
优选的，所述复合层包括基片，基片上均匀地铺设有微胶囊，微胶囊中加压填充有阻燃剂。
优选的，所述微胶囊中，阻燃剂选自经过细化处理的聚磷酸铵、次磷酸铝、烷基次磷酸铝、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐中的一种或几种粉末状的混合物，平均粒径为3～8μm。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下几点有益效果：
1、利用压印和打孔处理于表面层表面形成仿硅涂层，在降低成本的同时使得装置具备有机硅皮革所具有的柔软透气的性能。
2、利用中间层和复合层中特殊结构设计形成阻燃结构，中间层中十字交叉的纤维条断开后弹性挡片由于失去了纤维条的拉结作用，在自身的弹性作用下由翘起状态变成平铺状态，相互接触贴合产生叠加形成防护结构，利用氯丁橡胶的阻燃性能对火焰进行阻隔，另外复合层中采用微胶囊工艺，降低阻燃剂消耗并最大化发挥阻燃作用，还保证阻燃剂的作用范围中不会出现空缺，提供充足的阻燃性能。
附图说明
图1为本发明整体结构展开示意图；
图2为本发明整体结构分解示意图；
图3为本发明中间层结构示意图；
图4为本发明粘接层结构示意图；
图5为本发明复合层结构示意图；
图6为本发明复合层中微胶囊作用原理示意图。
图中：1、表面层；2、中间层；21、外框；22、纤维条；23、弹性挡片；3、粘接层；31、粘接贴片；32、加固凸网；4、基布；5、复合层；51、基片；52、微胶囊；6、底布。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例一
仿硅质感的实现
请参阅图1-2，图示中一种仿硅皮合成革，包括依次贴合的表面层1、中间层2、粘接层3、基布4、复合层5及底布6，表面层1由聚氨酯树脂制成，经压印和打孔处理于表面层1形成仿硅涂层，其中压印产生的鳞片状花纹以及打孔产生微型细孔均使得表面层1变得更加柔软透气，使装置具有类似有机硅皮革的质感。
实施例二
阻燃作用的实现
请参阅图1-6，中间层2包括外框21，多个所述纤维条22呈十字网状交叉固定在外框21中，纤维条22交叉的节点处固定有弹性挡片23，弹性挡片23由氯丁橡胶制成，粘接层3包括粘接贴片31，粘接贴片31上下两侧均固定有加固凸网32，所述粘接贴片31及加固凸网32均由聚氨酯树脂制成，加固凸网32的网眼呈菱形，复合层5包括基片51，基片51上均匀地铺设有微胶囊52，微胶囊52中加压填充有阻燃剂，微胶囊52中，阻燃剂选自经过细化处理的聚磷酸铵、次磷酸铝、烷基次磷酸铝、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐中的一种或几种粉末状的混合物，平均粒径为3～8μm。
本发明所提出的仿硅皮合成革由多层材料复合制成，其中的中间层2起到阻燃作用，当发生燃烧时，火焰灼烧到表面层1后，产生的高温会使得中间层2中十字交叉的纤维条22断开，这样弹性挡片23由于失去了纤维条22的拉结作用，在自身的弹性作用下由图3中所示的翘起状态变成平铺状态，相互接触贴合产生叠加形成防护结构，利用氯丁橡胶的阻燃性能对火焰进行阻隔，而复合层5则起到内侧的阻燃作用，当发生燃烧时，火焰穿过底布6后与复合层5接触时，在高温作用下，复合层5中埋设的微胶囊52爆开，含在其中的阻燃剂粉末向周围扩散，在复合层5的两侧均形成质密的阻燃防护层（粘接层3中的加固凸网32使得复合层5与粘接层3间留有缝隙，微胶囊52爆开后阻燃剂粉末会扩散到加固凸网32的网眼中），阻止火焰的进一步扩散，提供安全防护。
相较于现有的将阻燃剂直接与基片51材料结合工艺，采用微胶囊52工艺的好处在于：其一，阻燃剂是粉末状物质，在直接将其与基片51材料结合时，需要将基片51放入过量的阻燃剂中，阻燃剂的消耗较大，而本发明所提出的阻燃结构，将阻燃剂集中在微胶囊52中，整体用量较少；其二，在平常使用、未出现燃烧状况时，微胶囊52将阻燃剂与外界环境隔绝，防止阻燃剂中有关成分长时间暴露在空气中产生氧化变质，降低阻燃性能；其三，复合层5中制成基片51的聚氨酯树脂与阻燃剂之间无法完全达到相容与平衡统一，部分位置会出现与阻燃剂结合的空缺，降低整体的阻燃性能。
微胶囊52以平铺状态均匀填入基片51，且两侧相对基片51凸出，这样当微胶囊52爆开时，其中的阻燃剂就会同时向基片51两侧分散，如图6所示形成双层阻挡，进一步提高装置的阻燃能力。
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包含”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包含一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包含那些要素，而且还包含没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包含为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (5)
1.一种仿硅皮合成革，其特征在于：包括依次贴合的表面层（1）、中间层（2）、粘接层（3）、基布（4）、复合层（5）及底布（6）；
所述表面层（1）由聚氨酯树脂制成，经压印和打孔处理于表面层（1）形成仿硅涂层；
所述中间层（2）中设有高弹性地网状阻燃防护结构；
所述复合层（5）中均匀铺设有双向阻燃结构。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种仿硅皮合成革，其特征在于：所述中间层（2）包括外框（21），多个所述纤维条（22）呈十字网状交叉固定在外框（21）中，纤维条（22）交叉的节点处固定有弹性挡片（23），弹性挡片（23）由氯丁橡胶制成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种仿硅皮合成革，其特征在于：所述粘接层（3）包括粘接贴片（31），粘接贴片（31）上下两侧均固定有加固凸网（32），所述粘接贴片（31）及加固凸网（32）均由聚氨酯树脂制成，加固凸网（32）的网眼呈菱形。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种仿硅皮合成革，其特征在于：所述复合层（5）包括基片（51），基片（51）上均匀地铺设有微胶囊（52），微胶囊（52）中加压填充有阻燃剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种仿硅皮合成革，其特征在于：所述微胶囊（52）中，阻燃剂选自经过细化处理的聚磷酸铵、次磷酸铝、烷基次磷酸铝、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐中的一种或几种粉末状的混合物，平均粒径为3～8μm。
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