CN113754719B - 三肽及其在制备改善记忆的药品和保健品中的应用 - Google Patents
三肽及其在制备改善记忆的药品和保健品中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种三肽在制备改善记忆的药品和保健品中的应用。该多肽的氨基酸序列是Pro‑Pro‑Trp(PPW)。本发明的三肽可以通过固相化学合成法制得。PPW对谷氨酸诱导的细胞存活率下降具有神经保护作用,并且对于睡眠剥夺小鼠的记忆障碍模型具有明显的记忆改善效果。本发明的三肽在胃肠道消化中可以保持稳定,且能以完整的形式被小肠上皮细胞吸收,既可以单独应用于制备改善记忆的食品或保健品,也可与其他改善记忆活性成分或共同组合使用。因此,本发明的三肽可用于制备具有改善记忆作用的药物和保健品。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种三肽及其在制备改善记忆的药品和保健品中的应用。
背景技术
生物活性肽经口服进入机体后面临着被蛋白酶或肽酶降解的可能,以及多种生理屏障的阻碍,其中,胃肠道消化系统是第一道屏障。生物活性肽极易被胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶所降解,这也是蛋白多肽类药物失去生物活性的主要原因。研究表明,胃肠道消化对于多肽的生理活性有显著影响,采用体外方法评估具有较好生理活性的多肽,进入体内后生理活性会降低。
小肠粘膜系统是多肽吸收的一道生理屏障,由小肠上皮细胞和黏液层组成。多肽需要被小肠上皮细胞所摄取从而进入血液循环或靶器官,进而发挥生理作用。此外,小肠上皮细胞一般通过PepT1介导的转运途径、紧密蛋白介导的胞外途径和囊泡介导的转胞吞途径等途径来介导多肽的吸收转运。因此,多肽在胃肠道消化中的稳定性是多肽以序列完整的形式进入小肠上皮细胞的吸收的前提。同时,近年来,多肽能否透过小肠吸收屏障从而进入体循环成为活性肽领域的研究热点。
睡眠影响精神和身体状态,包括代谢稳态,突触可塑性和神经元功能。随着工作压力的增加,睡眠剥夺(sleep deprivation,SD)、睡眠不足或睡眠抑制在现代社会中是普遍存在的现象,长期睡眠剥夺会影响学习和工作、记忆、认知能力和脑功能。在睡眠剥夺期间,人们的工作能力、认知功能下降,情绪焦躁。越来越多的研究表明,睡眠不足会诱发海马依赖性记忆障碍,导致突触减少、改善突触可塑性、是导致神经退行性疾病如阿尔茨海默症(Alzheimer's disease,AD)、帕金森症(Parkinson's disease,PD)等的因素之一。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有改善记忆功效的三肽,及其在制备相关药品和保健品中的应用。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案实现:
一种三肽,其氨基酸序列为Pro-Pro-Trp(PPW),可通过固相合成法合成。
本发明的三肽PPW具有抗胃肠道消化特性,且能以完整的形式透过caco-2肠系膜屏障。
本发明的三肽对睡眠剥夺小鼠的记忆障碍具有改善作用,且呈剂量依赖特性,可以用于制备改善记忆的药品和保健品。本发明的三肽通过抑制谷氨酸诱导的神经细胞损伤来发挥神经保护作用;
所述的神经保护作用,包括降低谷氨酸诱导的细胞存活率下降。
所述的神经细胞是人神经母细胞瘤细胞(SH-SY5Y细胞)。
所述的改善记忆的药品和保健品还包含其他具有改善记忆的活性成分和/或可接受的辅料,按照常规工艺制成可接受的用于改善记忆的药品或保健品。
所述的改善记忆的药品和保健品可以是固体制剂或液体制剂。其中固体制剂可以为胶囊、片剂、粉剂、颗粒剂;液体制剂可以是乳液、口服液。
本发明相对于现有技术具有如下的优点及效果:
本发明三肽的结构明确,可以采用固相化学方法直接合成。该三肽能够抵御胃肠道消化,且能以完整的形式被小肠上皮细胞吸收,能改善谷氨酸诱导的神经细胞存活率下降和小鼠睡眠剥夺诱导的记忆障碍,既能单独应用于制备改善记忆的药品或保健品,又能与现有的改善记忆活性成分共同组合应用于制备改善记忆的药品或保健品。
附图说明
图1是PPW经胃肠道消化前后的UPLC-MS/MS的TIC图。
图2是不同抑制剂对PPW在caco-2细胞中吸收转运的影响。
图3是PPW对谷氨酸诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞的细胞存活率的影响。
图4是睡眠剥夺小鼠空间探索试验的典型游泳轨迹。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例及附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1
固相合成法合成多肽PPW,包括以下步骤:将二氯树脂溶胀、洗涤,脱除Fmoc保护基,加入多肽的组成氨基酸进行缩合反应,重复脱除-保护-缩合的过程直至所有氨基酸连接完毕。用反相高效液相色谱法纯化,得到多肽纯品(>95%)。
实施例2多肽的胃肠道消化特性
采用INFOGEST静态体外模拟胃肠道消化评估本发明三肽的胃肠道消化特性。将模拟胃液(SGF)和CaCl2(0.3M)与三肽混合均匀,置于锥形瓶中。将混合物的pH值调节至3.0,并添加胃蛋白酶(酶终活为2000U/mL),并重新校正pH值,将锥形瓶置于37℃的恒温水浴摇床中振荡孵育2小时。随后,将混合物的pH调节至7.0,并通过向混合物中加入模拟肠液(SIF)和CaCl2进行肠消化。添加胰酶(终酶活为100U/mL)和胆汁(10mM)启动肠道消化,并将混合物置于恒温水浴摇床中振荡孵育2小时,然后在90℃加热10分钟以灭活酶。收集样品,采用UPLC/MS/MS进行进一步分析。
如图1所示,模拟胃肠道消化对PPW的结构没有显著影响,经胃肠道消化后,PPW的稳定性为94.05%,说明PPW对胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶具有很强的抗性。
实施例3三肽在caco-2细胞中的吸收转运
将caco-2细胞采用添加了10%FBS,100U/mL青霉素和100mg/mL链霉素的DMEM培养,并置于37℃,含有5%CO2的培养箱中培养。对于细胞毒性分析,将细胞以1×105细胞/mL的密度接种于96孔板,24小时后更换含有本发明三肽的培养基继续孵育24小时,随后加入CCK-8试剂继续孵育。采用酶标仪在450nm的波长处测量吸光度。
将Caco-2细胞以1×105细胞/mL的密度播种在transwell孔板(0.4μm)中。每2天更换一次培养基,培养21天。采用Millicell-ERS-2评估跨上皮电阻(TEER)值。用于运输实验的caco-2单层细胞的TEER值高于400Ω/cm2。
采用HBSS清洗细胞3次后,将caco-2细胞与HBSS孵育30分钟。对于抑制试验,除去培养基后,采用Gly-sar(10mM,PepT1抑制剂),细胞松弛素D(0.5μg/mL,紧密连接破坏物)和渥曼青霉素(0.5μM,转胞吞作用抑制剂)分别孵育0.5h,随后用HBSS清洗,将AP侧替换为新鲜的肽(4mM,溶于HBSS),将BL侧更换为的新鲜的HBSS。将细胞在37℃下孵育2小时。收集两侧的培养基用于UPLC/MS/MS分析。渗透系数Papp计算如下:
Papp=(dc/dt)·(1/AC0)
C是指接收室中肽的浓度(μM);t是运输时间;A是指小室的生长面积(cm2);C0是指肽的初始浓度(μM);
在转运实验之前,采用CCK-8试验评估了PPW的细胞毒性。如图2A所示,PPW(5mM以下)对caco-2细胞无毒性。PPW可以完整的形式透过caco-2细胞,且渗透率为9.34×10-7cm/s。
为了进一步评估PPW跨caco-2细胞单层的跨上皮运输途径,我们使用了多种抑制剂,包括Gly-Sar,cytochalasin D和wortmannin。结果如图2B所示,PPW可以完整的形式被小肠吸收,且主要通过胞外途径来转运,其次是转胞吞作用和载体蛋白Pep T1介导的途径。
实施例4 PPW对谷氨酸损伤的SH-SY5Y细胞的细胞存活率影响
SH-SY5Y细胞采用含有10%的FBS,1%丙酮酸钠,1%非必需氨基酸和1%谷氨酰胺的MEM/F12培养,置于37℃且含有5%的CO2的恒温培养箱中培养。每隔6-8天细胞长满至百分之八九十后传代,取对数生长期细胞进行实验。
采用CCK-8法定量检测细胞的活性。将细胞以2×104/孔的密度接种于96孔板中,加入培养基。每个组设置6个复孔,空白组不接种细胞也不加谷氨酸,加入相同体积的培养基。24小时后,弃掉培养基,模型组更换为含有37.5mM谷氨酸的培养基,样品组更换为含有样品和谷氨酸的培养基,同时以脑活素作为阳性对照,空白孔和对照组更换新鲜的培养基,随后继续培养24小时。检测前每孔加入10μL CCK-8试剂,将细胞继续放入培养箱中孵育2-3h,采用多功能酶标仪在450nm波长处检测吸光值OD值。
细胞存活率(%)=(A实验组-A空白组)/(A对照组-A空白组)×100%
上述所选择的谷氨酸浓度为预实验中SH-SY5Y细胞达到半数致死量时的药物浓度,作为后续试验的造模浓度。
经检测结果表明,如图3所示,100μM和200μM的PPW处理的细胞存活率分别为55.64±1.84%和69.40±4.97%。而阳性对照的药物:脑活素(0.5mg/mL)处理的细胞存活率为67.58±1.79%。
检测结果表明,该三肽PPW具有较好的神经保护作用。
实施例5:三肽对睡眠剥夺诱导记忆障碍小鼠的影响
选取3~4周龄的SPF级C57BL/6(J)雄鼠,体重18-22g。将小鼠置于实验环境适应7天,期间可自由饮食、摄水。饲养环境为:室温25±2℃,相对湿度50%-60%,12/12h明暗交替。适应1周后,将小鼠随机分为4组,每组12只:分别为正常组,睡眠剥夺组,PPW-低剂量组(PPW-L,30mg/kg/d),PPW-高剂量组(PPW-H,60mg/kg/d)。正常组及睡眠剥夺组灌胃同等体积的生理盐水,每天灌胃1次,连续灌胃18天。
本实验应用改良多平台法(modified multiple platform method,MMPM)进行睡眠剥夺。具体地,从灌胃的第16天上午8点开始连续48h对小鼠进行睡眠剥夺。将小鼠置于含有18个平台(直径3厘米,高度5厘米)的水箱中,水箱的水距离底部约4厘米,水温维持在28±2℃。小鼠可以在平台之间自由地移动和跳跃。小鼠可以随意进食置于盒子顶部的食物和水。在整个实验过程中,保持水箱中的水是干净的状态。
Morris水迷宫测试评估小鼠的学习和记忆,包括定位航行试验(placenavigation)和空间探索试验(probe test)两个部分。
采用Morris水迷宫评估小鼠的长期空间记忆,从小鼠灌胃样品的第14天开始,进行为期5天的Morris水迷宫试验,前4天(14-17)进行定位航行训练,第18天进行空间探索实验。水迷宫的水温为25±2℃,将圆形平台(高出水面1cm)置于第三象限中央。将小鼠面向池壁依次放入4个象限中,记录小鼠从下水到找到圆形平台的时间为逃避潜伏期,每只小鼠每天训练4次,连续训练4天。若小鼠在120s内未找到安全平台,实验人员需要将其引导至安全平台并让小鼠在平台上停留10s,并记录逃逸潜伏期120s。采用摄像机监控小鼠的行为,并通过计算机化进行图像数据分析,定位航行试验记录的指标为潜伏期、游泳距离和平均游泳速度。连续训练结束后,在上述最后一次训练后的24小时进行了空间探索测试。撤掉安全平台,将小鼠面对池壁置于迷宫的一个新颖的起始位置,测试其120s内在平台象限的游泳时间和距离,穿越平台的次数并记录游泳轨迹。Morris水迷宫结束后,将所有小鼠处死以收集组织。
测试结果如表1和表2所示,小鼠的空间探索试验的典型游泳轨迹如图4。
表1三肽对睡眠剥夺诱导记忆障碍小鼠定位航行能力的影响
#代表与对照组比较,p<0.05。*表示与模型组比较,p<0.05。
由表1可知,睡眠剥夺组的小鼠在定位航行实验中,其逃避潜伏期和总路程均显著低于正常组(p<0.05),表明本实验中睡眠剥夺组的小鼠存在一定的记忆障碍。由结果可知,相较于模型组(睡眠剥夺组),经灌胃三肽的小鼠其逃避潜伏期和总路程均显著降低(p<0.05),说明三肽的摄入对睡眠剥夺导致的小鼠记忆障碍具有改善作用。
表2三肽对睡眠剥夺诱导记忆障碍小鼠空间探索能力的影响
#代表与对照组比较,p<0.05。*表示与模型组比较,p<0.05。
由表2可知,在空间探索实验中,睡眠剥夺组的小鼠在安全平台周围活动时间和距离均显著降低(p<0.05),其穿越平台次数显著低于正常组,表明本实验中睡眠剥夺组的小鼠存在一定的记忆障碍。然而,经灌胃三肽的小鼠其平台周围游泳的时间和距离均明显提高,穿越平台的次数显著升高(p<0.05),表明三肽的摄入可以显示改善睡眠剥夺诱导的小鼠空间记忆障碍。
综上所述,本发明的三肽PPW对谷氨酸诱导的神经细胞存活率下降具有改善作用,并且对于睡眠剥夺诱导的小鼠记忆障碍有明显的改善效果,可以作为药物和保健品应用于改善记忆。
实施例6
一种改善记忆的组合物片剂,含有10%的本发明三肽、90%的其他活性成分和辅料,活性成分为大豆磷脂、维生素B、银杏叶提取物、DHA,辅料为适量的淀粉、羧甲基纤维素。
实施例7
一种改善记忆的口服液,含有纯净水、本发明三肽、牛磺酸、葡萄糖酸锌、果葡糖浆、葡萄籽提取物、茶叶提取物、明胶。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种三肽在制备改善记忆的药品和保健品中的应用,其特征在于:
所述的三肽的氨基酸序列为Pro-Pro-Trp(PPW)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:所述的药品和保健品还包含其他具有改善记忆的活性成分和/或可接受的辅料。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:所述的药品和保健品为固体制剂或液体制剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于:所述的固体制剂为胶囊、片剂、粉剂或颗粒剂。
5.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于:所述的液体制剂为乳液、口服液。
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