CN113751770A - Weak-rigidity flexible thin-wall part and ultra-precision machining method thereof - Google Patents
Weak-rigidity flexible thin-wall part and ultra-precision machining method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 13
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- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C3/00—Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
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Abstract
A weak rigidity flexible thin-wall part and an ultraprecise machining method thereof belong to the technical field of precise machining, and comprise a top surface and a weak rigidity flexible thin wall, wherein the top surface is square, and four positioning through holes II are arranged on the top surface; the four weak-rigidity flexible thin walls are respectively connected with the four sides of the top surface, the end part of each weak-rigidity flexible thin wall is provided with a weak-rigidity flexible thin wall bottom surface positioning surface, and the two positioning through holes I are formed in the weak-rigidity flexible thin wall bottom surface positioning surface. The invention fully plays the cutting role of the milling cutter, greatly reduces the cutting force and the cutting temperature, and reduces the phenomena of cutter chattering and cutter back-off. The improvement of the phenomena can cause the deformation problem of the parts, and the obtained parts have the advantages of high machining precision, high machining efficiency and low part cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of precision machining, and particularly relates to a weak-rigidity flexible thin-walled part and an ultraprecision machining method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of high-tech fields such as aerospace, national defense industry, microelectronic industry, universe development, ocean technology, automobile manufacturing and the like, the required structure of parts is more and more complex, and even some flexible thin-wall structures need to be made. The cutting force, cutting vibration and cutting temperature generated when the flexible thin-wall structural member is machined are very high, if some high-precision clamping devices and innovative machining methods are not available, parts are easy to deform, abrasion to a cutter and service life of the cutter are greatly influenced, and a high-precision positioning clamping device and a machining method idea need to be designed to achieve machining of the weak-rigidity flexible thin-wall structural member. Therefore, it is urgent to find an effective processing method and device.
The positioning reference and the flexible supporting and positioning at the weak rigidity structure are one of effective means for solving the problem of processing the weak rigidity structural member made of high hard alloy materials. The high-precision positioning reference can solve the processing precision of the part, greatly reduce the error between the theoretical workpiece coordinate system and the actual processing coordinate system of the part, completely solve the big problem of processing the weak-rigidity flexible thin-wall structural part, fully play the cutting effect of the milling cutter, greatly reduce the cutting force and the cutting temperature, and reduce the phenomena of cutter chattering and cutter back-off. The improvement of the phenomena can cause the deformation problem of the parts, and the obtained parts have the advantages of high machining precision, high machining efficiency and low part cost.
The main technical indicators for such parts typically include:
firstly, the symmetry and the profile accuracy of a flexible thin-wall structure part of a part;
secondly, the parallelism of the flexible thin-wall structure part of the part and the angle of the middle support plane structure;
thirdly, the radian of each chamfer of the part;
fourthly, the position degree among the holes;
and fifthly, the deformation precision of the integral part and the flexible thin-wall structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the weak-rigidity flexible thin-wall part and the ultra-precision machining method thereof are provided, the problem that parts are easy to deform in the machining process is solved, the machining precision of the prepared parts is high, and the weak-rigidity flexible thin-wall part has the advantages of being high in machining efficiency and low in part cost.
A method for ultraprecise processing of a weak-rigidity flexible thin-walled part is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps which are sequentially carried out,
step one, analyzing a part machining process;
manufacturing a mounting fixture for positioning and clamping the machined outer contour;
step three, setting cutting amount and props in the machining process;
roughly machining the contour of the inner cavity, adopting a D2mm hard alloy milling cutter, wherein the rotating speed of a main shaft is 8000-15000 r/min, the feed rate is less than 2500mm/min, the cutting depth is less than 100 mu m, and the remaining margin is less than 1 mm;
fifthly, semi-finishing the contour and the through hole of the inner cavity by using a D1mm hard alloy milling cutter, wherein the rotating speed of a main shaft is more than 15000r/min, the feed rate is less than 1000mm/min, the cutting depth is less than 25 mu m, and the remained allowance is less than 0.05 mm;
step six, detecting and compensating the finish machining inner cavity and the through hole, adopting a D1mm hard alloy ball end mill, an end mill and a measuring head, wherein the rotating speed of a main shaft is more than 20000r/min, the feed amount is less than 1000mm/min, the cutting depth is less than 5 mu m, and the remaining allowance is less than +/-0.01 mm;
seventhly, finishing the inner cavity and the through hole of the part, and positioning and clamping the inner cavity;
step eight, roughly machining an outer contour structure, namely adopting a D2mm hard alloy milling cutter, wherein the rotating speed of a main shaft is 8000-10000 r/min, the feed rate is less than 2500mm/min, the cutting depth is less than 30 mu m, and the remaining allowance is less than 0.5 mm;
step nine, detecting error deformation compensation and finely processing an outer contour structure, wherein a D1mm hard alloy ball end mill, an end mill and a measuring head are adopted, the rotating speed of a main shaft is more than 20000r/min, the feed amount is less than 1000mm/min, the cutting depth is less than 5 mu m, and the remaining allowance is less than +/-0.01 mm;
thus, the method for ultraprecise machining of the weak-rigidity flexible thin-walled part is completed.
The fixture structure adopted for positioning and clamping the inner cavity in the step seven is that the fixture structure comprises a middle support and a support reference, and a threaded hole II is formed in the top surface of the middle support; the four supporting bases are respectively arranged on the periphery of the middle support, a positioning contact surface is arranged at the end part of each supporting base, and a threaded hole I is formed in each positioning contact surface.
A weak rigidity flexible thin-wall part is characterized in that: the ultra-precision machining method for the weak-rigidity flexible thin-walled part, disclosed by claim 1, comprises a top surface and a weak-rigidity flexible thin wall, wherein the top surface is square, and four positioning through holes II are formed in the top surface; the four weak-rigidity flexible thin walls are respectively connected with the four sides of the top surface, the end part of each weak-rigidity flexible thin wall is provided with a weak-rigidity flexible thin wall bottom surface positioning surface, and the two positioning through holes I are formed in the weak-rigidity flexible thin wall bottom surface positioning surface.
Through the design scheme, the invention can bring the following beneficial effects: the weak rigidity flexible thin-wall part and the ultra-precision processing method thereof adopt high-precision supporting and positioning at a positioning reference and a weak rigidity flexible thin-wall structure.
The high-precision positioning reference can solve the processing precision of the part, greatly reduce the error between the theoretical workpiece coordinate system and the actual processing coordinate system of the part, completely solve the big problem of processing the weak-rigidity flexible thin-wall structural part, fully play the cutting effect of the milling cutter, greatly reduce the cutting force and the cutting temperature, and reduce the phenomena of cutter chattering and cutter back-off. The improvement of the phenomena can cause the deformation problem of the parts, and the obtained parts have the advantages of high machining precision, high machining efficiency and low part cost.
The structure size of the fixture adopted for positioning and clamping the inner cavity and the shape of the inner cavity of the weak-rigidity flexible thin-wall part are 1: 1 is the same, after the inner cavity of the part is machined, the part is matched with a clamping device in a high-precision mode, the inner cavity of the part and the outer contour contact surface of the clamp are assembled in a high-precision mode, metal glue bonding and screw fixing are conducted simultaneously, the purpose is to avoid the phenomenon that the cutter, the thin wall and the clamp are directly resonated when certain rigidity is achieved in machining, the supporting and impact reducing effects are achieved, and therefore the phenomenon that the cutter and the workpiece vibrate cannot occur.
Furthermore, the fixture positioning reference and the support at the weak-rigidity flexible thin-wall structure are one of effective means for solving the problem of processing a weak-rigidity structural member made of a high-hardness alloy material. The fixture positioning reference and the flexible supporting and positioning at the weak rigidity structure are one of effective means for solving the problem of processing the weak rigidity structural member made of high hard alloy materials. The high-precision positioning reference can solve the processing precision of the part, greatly reduce the error between the theoretical workpiece coordinate system and the actual processing coordinate system of the part, completely solve the big problem of processing the weak-rigidity flexible thin-wall structural part, fully play the cutting effect of the milling cutter, greatly reduce the cutting force and the cutting temperature, and reduce the phenomena of cutter chattering and cutter back-off. The improvement of the phenomena can cause the deformation problem of the parts, and the obtained parts have the advantages of high machining precision, high machining efficiency and low part cost.
Drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a weak-stiffness flexible thin-walled part according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a fixture device for the ultra-precision machining method of the weak-rigidity flexible thin-walled workpiece.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a workpiece blank in the ultra-precision machining method of a weak-rigidity flexible thin-walled part.
FIG. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the workpiece after the inner cavity is machined by the ultra-precision machining method for the weak-rigidity flexible thin-walled workpiece.
FIG. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the workpiece after the outer contour is machined by the ultra-precision machining method for the weak-rigidity flexible thin-walled workpiece.
In the figure, 1-a positioning through hole I, 2-a positioning through hole II, 3-a top surface, 4-a weak rigidity flexible thin wall bottom surface positioning surface, 5-a weak rigidity flexible thin wall, 8-a support datum, 9-a positioning contact surface, 10-a threaded hole I, 11-a middle support and 12-a threaded hole II.
Detailed Description
An ultra-precision machining method for a weak-rigidity flexible thin-wall part, as shown in figures 1 to 5, comprises the following steps,
the method comprises the following steps: analyzing a part machining process;
step two: manufacturing a mounting fixture for positioning and clamping the machined outer contour;
step three: preparing materials;
step four: determining cutting amount and a cutter;
step five: roughly machining an inner cavity, reserving semi-finishing allowance on a single side, and aging after roughly machining the inner cavity structure;
step six: semi-finishing the inner cavity and the through hole;
step seven: deformation compensation is carried out on the detection error;
step eight: performing finish machining on the inner cavity and the through hole of the part;
step nine: positioning and clamping the inner cavity of the workpiece;
step ten: roughly processing an outer contour structure;
step eleven: and (5) detecting error deformation compensation and finishing the outer contour structure.
Wherein, the important size precision of the outer contour assembly reference surface is less than 0.005mm, and the form and position precision is less than 0.02 mm.
Wherein, the important dimensional precision of the concave structure part of the inner cavity is less than 0.005mm, and the form and position precision is less than 0.005 mm.
And step two, designing a high-precision supporting cavity structure, improving the machining rigidity of the weak-rigidity structure part of the flexible thin-wall part by using a high-precision positioning auxiliary supporting principle, and inhibiting the machining cutter back-off and chattering phenomena.
A weak rigidity flexible thin-wall part comprises a top surface 3 and a weak rigidity flexible thin wall 5, as shown in figure 1, wherein the top surface 3 is square, and four positioning through holes II 2 are formed in the top surface 3; the four weak-rigidity flexible thin walls 5 are respectively connected with the four sides of the top surface 3, the end portion of each weak-rigidity flexible thin wall 5 is provided with a weak-rigidity flexible thin wall bottom surface positioning surface 4, and the weak-rigidity flexible thin wall bottom surface positioning surface 4 is provided with two positioning through holes I1.
The adopted fixture device comprises a middle support 11 and a support datum 8 as shown in FIG. 2, wherein a threaded hole II 12 is formed in the top surface of the middle support 11 and is used for threaded connection of two positioning through holes II 2 in the weak-rigidity flexible thin-wall top surface 3; the four supporting bases 8 are respectively arranged on the periphery of the middle supporting portion 11, the end portion of each supporting base 8 is provided with a positioning contact surface 9, and each positioning contact surface 9 is provided with a threaded hole I10 for threaded connection of two positioning through holes I1 on the weak-rigidity flexible thin-wall bottom positioning surface 4.
And (3) assembling the inner cavity of the part to be processed and the contact surface of the outer contour of the clamp at high precision, and simultaneously carrying out metal glue adhesion and screw fixation.
The above description is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for ultraprecise processing of a weak-rigidity flexible thin-walled part is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps which are sequentially carried out,
step one, analyzing a part machining process;
manufacturing a mounting fixture for positioning and clamping the machined outer contour;
step three, setting cutting amount and props in the machining process;
roughly machining the contour of the inner cavity, adopting a D2mm hard alloy milling cutter, wherein the rotating speed of a main shaft is 8000-15000 r/min, the feed rate is less than 2500mm/min, the cutting depth is less than 100 mu m, and the remaining margin is less than 1 mm;
fifthly, semi-finishing the contour and the through hole of the inner cavity by using a D1mm hard alloy milling cutter, wherein the rotating speed of a main shaft is more than 15000r/min, the feed rate is less than 1000mm/min, the cutting depth is less than 25 mu m, and the remained allowance is less than 0.05 mm;
step six, detecting and compensating the finish machining inner cavity and the through hole, adopting a D1mm hard alloy ball end mill, an end mill and a measuring head, wherein the rotating speed of a main shaft is more than 20000r/min, the feed amount is less than 1000mm/min, the cutting depth is less than 5 mu m, and the remaining allowance is less than +/-0.01 mm;
seventhly, finishing the inner cavity and the through hole of the part, and positioning and clamping the inner cavity;
step eight, roughly machining an outer contour structure, namely adopting a D2mm hard alloy milling cutter, wherein the rotating speed of a main shaft is 8000-10000 r/min, the feed rate is less than 2500mm/min, the cutting depth is less than 30 mu m, and the remaining allowance is less than 0.5 mm;
step nine, detecting error deformation compensation and finely processing an outer contour structure, wherein a D1mm hard alloy ball end mill, an end mill and a measuring head are adopted, the rotating speed of a main shaft is more than 20000r/min, the feed amount is less than 1000mm/min, the cutting depth is less than 5 mu m, and the remaining allowance is less than +/-0.01 mm;
thus, the method for ultraprecise machining of the weak-rigidity flexible thin-walled part is completed.
2. The ultra-precision machining method for the weak-rigidity flexible thin-walled part according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of: the fixture structure adopted for positioning and clamping the inner cavity in the seventh step is that the fixture structure comprises a middle support (11) and a support datum (8), and a threaded hole II (12) is formed in the top surface of the middle support (11); the four supporting bases (8) are respectively arranged on the periphery of the middle support (11), the end part of each supporting base (8) is provided with a positioning contact surface (9), and each positioning contact surface (9) is provided with a threaded hole I (10).
3. A weak rigidity flexible thin-wall part is characterized in that: the ultra-precision machining method for the weak-rigidity flexible thin-walled part comprises a top surface (3) and a weak-rigidity flexible thin wall (5), wherein the top surface (3) is square, and four positioning through holes II (2) are formed in the top surface (3); the four weak-rigidity flexible thin walls (5) are respectively connected with the four sides of the top surface (3), the end part of each weak-rigidity flexible thin wall (5) is provided with a weak-rigidity flexible thin wall bottom surface positioning surface (4), and the weak-rigidity flexible thin wall bottom surface positioning surface (4) is provided with two positioning through holes I (1).
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115837562A (en) * | 2023-01-19 | 2023-03-24 | 山西航天清华装备有限责任公司 | Processing method of weak thin-wall ring and bilateral axial strong support lug composite structure |
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| CN110802379A (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-02-18 | 中国航发中传机械有限公司 | Machining method for titanium alloy inner side pressing plate of tail speed reducer of helicopter |
| CN112276267A (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2021-01-29 | 长春理工大学 | Titanium alloy weak-rigidity part precision linear cutting clamping device and working method thereof |
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2021
- 2021-10-08 CN CN202111171068.2A patent/CN113751770A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
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| JP2012213836A (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2012-11-08 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Vacuum suction type support jig, machining method of plate-shaped workpiece using the jig, and machined workpiece |
| US20130094919A1 (en) * | 2011-10-14 | 2013-04-18 | Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. | System and method of manufacturing a structure with a high performance metal alloy |
| CN109759791A (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2019-05-17 | 黑龙江省机械科学研究院 | Cavity thin-wall Centrifugal Impeller processing method in a kind of aerospace engine is accurate |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115837562A (en) * | 2023-01-19 | 2023-03-24 | 山西航天清华装备有限责任公司 | Processing method of weak thin-wall ring and bilateral axial strong support lug composite structure |
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