CN112355579B - Machining method of rotary case - Google Patents
Machining method of rotary case Download PDFInfo
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- CN112355579B CN112355579B CN202011180464.7A CN202011180464A CN112355579B CN 112355579 B CN112355579 B CN 112355579B CN 202011180464 A CN202011180464 A CN 202011180464A CN 112355579 B CN112355579 B CN 112355579B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
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Abstract
The invention discloses a processing method of a rotary type case, which greatly shortens the part conversion, production waiting time and processing preparation time by combining the parts processing procedures of the rotary type case into four turning and milling composite procedures, wherein the part process route is divided into rough processing and finish processing, and the parts are clamped for three times totally, so that the part benchmark conversion is reduced to 3 times, the part alignment error is greatly reduced, and the benchmark and a precision hole can be processed in one procedure by adopting the turning and milling composite technology, so that the repeated clamping alignment error can be eliminated, the qualification rate of the position degree of the precision hole is improved, and the processing quality is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of manufacturing of aero-engines, in particular to a machining method of a rotary casing.
Background
The structure of aeroengine's rotatory type machine casket is complicated, accurate, and the inner chamber oil tank volume is big, and inside oil circuit is tortuous complicated, and the outer wall is with each vector and the boss that the shape differs, and cross sectional dimension is changeable, and the machine casket oil circuit export has the cooperation requirement, mostly is the precision hole, and is high to the machining technology requirement. The traditional machining and sizing process route fully considers the problems of machining deformation, precision size machining stability and the like, and the specific machining process route is as follows:
however, the traditional processing route has the following disadvantages:
(1) the process route is divided into rough machining and finish machining, each stage is composed of two turning procedures and two milling procedures, the part needs to be clamped repeatedly for four times, the number of conversion times of the part reference is 8, the number of rings in a certain size chain is increased, the size machining difficulty is increased, the size machining precision is poor, the repeated clamping alignment error is increased, and the size and form tolerance error is increased.
(2) The clamping mode adopts a mode of centering a circle, positioning an angle and fixing a pressing plate, and the part clamped by the positioning mode still has a moving gap and low positioning precision, so that the part processing precision can be ensured only by aligning the part again during part processing in order to ensure the transmission of the processing precision at two ends, and the aligning times and the aligning difficulty can be increased.
(3) The process is long, 8 processes are totally available, the waiting time for transferring parts and producing is long, and the processing period of the product is long.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a processing method of a rotary casing, and aims to solve the technical problems of large clamping and aligning errors, poor size processing precision and long processing period of the conventional processing technology of the rotary casing of an aero-engine.
According to one aspect of the invention, a processing method of a rotary casing is provided, which comprises the following steps:
installing a first set of fixtures on a workbench of a turning and milling composite machining center, installing the small end of a casing to be machined on the first set of fixtures, and roughly machining the large end of the casing to be machined;
installing a second set of fixture on a workbench of a turning and milling composite machining center, installing the large end of the casing to be machined on the second set of fixture, and roughly machining the small end of the casing to be machined;
carrying out finish machining on the small end of the casing to be machined;
and mounting the third set of fixtures on a workbench of the turning and milling combined machining center, mounting the small end of the casing to be machined on the third set of fixtures, and performing finish machining on the large end of the casing to be machined.
Furthermore, each set of fixture is provided with three positioning pins, and the casing to be processed is installed on the fixture through the three positioning pins.
Further, the process of mounting the small end of the casing to be machined on the first set of clamps specifically includes:
and respectively aligning three blank reference holes on the small end bearing surface of the casing to be processed with three positioning pins on the first set of fixture for positioning and angle positioning, and fixing the small end mounting edge by utilizing a pressing plate.
Further, the process of mounting the large end of the casing to be machined on the second set of fixtures specifically includes:
and respectively aligning three precision holes on the rough-machined large-end bearing surface with three positioning pins on the second set of fixture for positioning and angle positioning, and aligning a screw to a circle of threaded holes on the rough-machined large-end bearing surface after passing through a unthreaded hole on the second set of fixture bearing surface so as to fix the casing to be machined.
Further, the process of mounting the small end of the casing to be machined on the third set of clamps specifically includes:
and respectively aligning three precision holes on the small end bearing surface obtained by finish machining with three positioning pins on a third set of fixture for positioning and angular positioning, and fixing the small end mounting edge by utilizing a pressing plate.
Furthermore, after the clamp is arranged on the workbench, the support surface of the clamp and three positioning pins need to be aligned.
Further, the requirements of aligning the support surface of the clamp and three positioning pins are as follows: the run-out of the support surface of the clamp is not more than 0.005mm, the run-out of the positioning hole of the clamp is not more than 0.005mm, and the run-out of the datum of the straightening side D is not more than 0.005 mm; or the jump of the three positioning pins is not more than 0.005 mm.
Further, in the rough machining process, only the allowance is removed in a direct machining to a size where the requirement for the design element is low, and in a removal process where the requirement for the design element is high.
Further, in the process of roughly machining the large end, the flatness of the large end face and the aperture and position of three precise holes in the large end face are subjected to process tightening control, and the flatness, the aperture and the position of the three precise holes are used as rough reference of the plane, the center and the angular direction of the large end face.
Further, in the process of roughly machining the small end, the flatness of the small end face and the aperture and position of three precise holes in the small end face are subjected to process tightening control and are used as rough reference of the plane, the center and the angular direction of the small end face.
The invention has the following effects:
according to the processing method of the rotary type case, the processing procedures of parts of the rotary type case are combined into four turning and milling composite procedures, the part conversion, the production waiting time and the processing preparation time are greatly shortened, the part process route is divided into rough processing and finish processing, the parts are clamped for three times totally, so that the part reference conversion is reduced to 3 times, the part alignment error is greatly reduced, the turning and milling composite technology is adopted, the reference and the precision hole can be processed in one procedure, the repeated clamping and alignment error can be eliminated, the qualification rate of the position degree of the precision hole is improved, and the processing quality is greatly improved.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a flow chart illustrating a method for processing a rotating casing according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a view of a hole in a casing to be machined
D. And (4) numerical control process diagram of the V reference.
FIG. 3 is a view of a hole in a casing to be machined
The milling process diagram.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a conventional chucking method.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the clamping mode of the preferred embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 6 shows a hole in the casing to be machined
D. V, Z reference machining process diagram.
FIG. 7 is a view of a hole in a casing to be machined
The machining process diagram of (1).
Fig. 8 is a design view of a conventional clamping jig.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of a casing clamping in a conventional clamping manner.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a machining feasible region of a tool in a conventional clamping manner.
Fig. 11 is a schematic view of the machining feasible region of the tool in the clamping manner adopted in the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the invention can be embodied in many different forms, which are defined and covered by the following description.
As shown in fig. 1, a preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a method for processing a rotating casing, which includes the following steps:
step S1: installing a first set of fixtures on a workbench of a turning and milling composite machining center, installing the small end of a casing to be machined on the first set of fixtures, and roughly machining the large end of the casing to be machined;
step S2: installing a second set of fixtures on a workbench of a turning and milling composite machining center, installing the large end of the casing to be machined on the second set of fixtures, and roughly machining the small end of the casing to be machined;
step S3: carrying out finish machining on the small end of the casing to be machined;
step S4: and mounting the third set of fixtures on a workbench of the turning and milling combined machining center, mounting the small end of the casing to be machined on the third set of fixtures, and performing finish machining on the large end of the casing to be machined.
It can be understood that, because the rotary casing of the aircraft engine is usually made of cast aluminum alloy, and when the cast aluminum alloy has excessive allowance in the machining process, machining deformation is generated due to stress release, the machining process route of the cast aluminum alloy needs to be divided into two stages of rough machining and finish machining to ensure the machining quality.
It can be understood that the plane and the center reference of the position degree of the precise holes in the inner cavity and the side wall of the rotary type casing of the aircraft engine are generally at the rotation centers of two ends of a part, and in the traditional processing process route, the rotation center processing is turning processing, and the position degree of the precise holes is milling processing. For example, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a hole
Degree of location of
The center datum V and the plane datum D are machined in a numerical turning process in the traditional machining process route, and holes are formed
The machine tool needs to be replaced for machining, the casing needs to be detached for clamping again for machining, and therefore a casing re-alignment error and machining errors of the two machine tools are introduced, and machining difficulty of precise holes is increased. The invention uses the turning and milling composite processing technology, can process the benchmark and the precise hole in one procedure, can eliminate repeated alignment and reduce the processing precision of one machine tool.
It can be understood that, in the method for processing the rotary case of the embodiment, the parts processing procedure of the rotary case is combined into four turning and milling composite procedures, so that the part conversion, the production waiting time and the processing preparation time are greatly shortened, the part process route is divided into rough processing and finish processing, the parts are required to be clamped for three times totally, the part benchmark conversion is reduced to 3 times, the part alignment error is greatly reduced, and the turning and milling composite technology is adopted, so that the benchmark and the precision hole can be processed in one procedure, the repeated clamping alignment error can be eliminated, the qualification rate of the position degree of the precision hole is improved, and the processing quality is greatly improved.
It is understood that in step S1, the first set of jigs has three positioning pins, and the casing to be machined is mounted on the jigs by the three positioning pins. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: and respectively aligning three blank reference holes on the small end bearing surface of the casing to be processed with three positioning pins on the first set of fixture for positioning and angle positioning, and fixing the small end mounting edge by utilizing a pressing plate. In addition, the content of roughly machining the large end of the casing to be machined comprises the following steps: and converting the plane, center and angular reference of the blank, and roughly machining the large end turning and milling contents of the part, wherein the large end turning and milling contents comprise a plurality of precise holes and a circle of threaded holes on the large end bearing surface. In addition, in the process of roughly machining the large end, the flatness of the large end face and the hole diameters and the position degrees of three precise holes in the large end face are subjected to process tightening control and are used as a large end face plane, center and angular rough reference to ensure the precision of subsequent positioning by taking the large end bearing face as a reference.
It is understood that, in step S2, the second set of jigs also has three positioning pins, and the large end of the casing to be processed is mounted on the jigs through the three positioning pins. Specifically, three precision holes on the rough-machined large-end support surface are respectively aligned to three positioning pins on the second set of fixture for positioning and angle positioning, and screws penetrate through unthreaded holes on the second set of fixture support surface and then are aligned to a circle of threaded holes on the rough-machined large-end support surface to fix the casing to be machined. In addition, the content of roughly machining the small end of the casing to be machined comprises the following steps: and (3) turning and milling the small end, wherein a plurality of precise holes and a circle of threaded holes on the small end bearing surface are machined. And in the course of roughly machining the small end, the flatness of the small end face and the aperture and position of three precise holes on the small end face are subjected to process tightening control, and the flatness, the aperture and the position are used as rough reference of the plane, the center and the angular orientation of the small end face.
It can be understood that, in the step S3, after the small end is roughly machined, the small end can be directly subjected to fine machining without clamping the casing again, and the fine machining contents include small end turning and milling contents, for example, a plurality of fine holes and a circle of threaded holes on the small end bearing surface are subjected to fine machining so as to meet the requirements of high precision size and technology of the small end.
It is understood that in step S4, the third set of jigs is also provided with three positioning pins, and the small end of the casing to be machined is mounted on the jigs through the three positioning pins. Specifically, three precision holes on the small end bearing surface obtained by finish machining are respectively aligned to three positioning pins on a third set of fixture for positioning and angle positioning, and the small end mounting edge is fixed by utilizing a pressing plate. In addition, the large end is subjected to finish machining, such as large end turning and milling, for example, a plurality of precise holes and a circle of threaded holes in the large end bearing surface are subjected to finish machining, so that the high-precision size and technical requirements of the large end are met.
It can be understood that the traditional clamping mode is a circle centering, a hole centering and angle positioning and a pressure plate fixing mode as shown in fig. 4, and the clamping mode adopted by the invention is a three-hole centering, angle positioning and screw fixing mode as shown in fig. 5. In the invention, the casing to be processed is arranged on the clamp at each time, the positioning and the angle orientation of the processing center are realized by three positioning pins, the casing to be processed adopts a three-hole positioning mode, the moving gap is close to zero after the part is clamped, repeated alignment is not needed, the alignment frequency is reduced, and the alignment error is reduced. The traditional clamp adopts a clamping mode of circular centering and hole angular positioning, and a gap still exists between a receiver and the clamp after the receiver is installed, so that the visible positioning precision is not high, and the machining requirement cannot be met in the actual machining process. For example, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, a large end precision hole
The plane reference D, the center reference V and the angular reference Z are arranged at the small end and the hole
At the large end of the part, the positioning precision and the alignment precision of the clamp are high, and the mutual conversion precision of the benchmarks at the two ends is high. The traditional process route adopts multi-process continuous correction, namely a positioning mode of one circle centering and one hole centering is adopted, one end (end with a reference) of the casing is roughly positioned by a clamp, then the machining end of the casing is corrected, and the post-machining of positioning parts at two ends is integrated, so that the process is a continuous correction process of the transmission precision of the reference at two ends, but the number of the clamps is increased along with the increase of the positioning hole diameter during each correction. The invention improves the positioning precision of the clamp by changing the positioning mode of one circle centering and one hole centering angle into the positioning mode of one surface with three holes, and directly transmits the processing precision of the reference at one end to the other end of the casing through the medium of the clamp. In the actual processing process, the one-surface three-hole positioning mode clamping of the casing is also verified, the moving clearance of the casing is zero, and meanwhile, the holes in the figure 6 are
The position degree of the positioning device is also well ensured.
In addition, as shown in fig. 8 and 9, a pressure plate is usually adopted to fix the casing to be machined in the conventional clamping manner, but since bosses with different vectors and shapes are attached to the outer wall of the rotary thin-walled casing of the aircraft engine, when the casing is fixed by using the conventional pressure plate, interference between a cutter and a clamp is easy to occur, so that the overhanging part of the cutter is inevitably lengthened, the cutter is easy to vibrate in the machining process, or a clamp needs to be additionally designed, and a process is restarted for machining. And, the mode that the clamp plate is fixed is easy to be compressed and deformed. In addition, the bearing surface of a rotary thin-wall case of a general aeroengine is formed by a plurality of lathes, the flatness of the bearing surface processed by numerical control equipment with higher precision in China at present is difficult to ensure within 0.01, the position degree of the bearing surface of a precision hole belt serving as a plane reference is only phi 0.02, and the best processing method is to loose the pressure when a precision hole is processed finally to enable the case to be in a free state as much as possible. The invention realizes the fixation of the casing by utilizing the matching of the screw and a circle of threaded holes on the casing, the fixation of the casing by using the screw has smaller pressing force, the rotation of the casing can be well restrained, the end surface of the rotating thin-wall casing is the part with the best rigidity of parts, the casing pressed in the state is closest to the free state, the pressing deformation is small, and the problem of part processing deformation caused by poor flatness of a bearing surface is avoided. As shown in fig. 10 and 11, the feasible region of the peripheral processing of the cutter is maximized, the cutter does not have any obstacle to processing at the periphery of the casing, the interference between the cutter and the clamp is effectively avoided, and the whole side surface of the casing can be processed.
Therefore, according to the invention, the three precise hole positioning machining centers and the angular reference on the supporting surface of the clamping part of the casing are selected and used in combination with the structural characteristics of the casing to be machined, the clamping mode is fixed by a circle of threaded holes on the supporting surface, and then the clamp, a plane, three positioning pins, a circle of unthreaded holes and a matched screw are designed and manufactured according to the positioning mode. During machining, the casing to be machined is installed by aligning with the three positioning pins, and the screws penetrate through the unthreaded holes of the clamp and are fixed in the threaded holes of the bearing surface of the casing to be machined.
It will be appreciated that the fixture seating surface and the three locating pins are preferably aligned after the fixture is mounted on the table to ensure the accuracy of the fixture itself. Wherein, the requirement of alignment anchor clamps backup surface and three locating pins does: the run-out of the support surface of the clamp is not more than 0.005mm, the run-out of the positioning hole of the clamp is not more than 0.005mm, and the run-out of the datum of the straightening side edge D is not more than 0.005 mm; or the jump of the three positioning pins is not more than 0.005 mm. After the clamp is installed, the three positioning pins are directly checked with certain difficulty, and the jumping of the three positioning pins can be indirectly reflected by checking the jumping of the supporting surface, the positioning hole and the trailing side edge D datum of the installed clamp, so that the checking difficulty is reduced, and the accuracy is improved.
It can be understood that in the rough machining process, the machining efficiency is improved by directly machining the design elements with low requirements to the size, and only allowance is removed when the design elements with high requirements are high, so that the machining quality is ensured.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A processing method of a rotary casing is characterized in that,
the method comprises the following steps:
install first set of anchor clamps on the workstation of turn-milling combined machining center, will treat that three blank datum holes on the tip back-up surface of processing machine casket aim at three locating pins on first set of anchor clamps respectively and fix a position, fix an angle to utilize the fixed tip installation limit of clamp plate, treat the main aspects of processing machine casket and carry out rough machining, rough machining's content includes: converting a blank plane, a center and an angular datum, and roughly machining the turning and milling content of a large end of a part, wherein the turning and milling content of the large end comprises machining a plurality of precise holes and a circle of threaded holes on a large end bearing surface, and in the rough machining process of the large end, carrying out process tightening control on the planeness of a large end surface and the aperture and position of three precise holes on the large end surface, and taking the three precise holes as the plane, center and angular rough datum of the large end surface;
installing a second set of fixture on a workbench of a turning and milling composite machining center, respectively aligning three precise holes on a rough machining large-end supporting surface with three positioning pins on the second set of fixture for positioning and positioning an angular direction, penetrating screws through unthreaded holes on the second set of fixture supporting surface, aligning a circle of threaded holes on the rough machining large-end supporting surface to fix a cartridge receiver to be machined, roughly machining a small end of the cartridge receiver to be machined, wherein the rough machining content comprises machining a plurality of precise holes and a circle of threaded holes on the small-end supporting surface, and performing process addition control on the planeness of the small end surface and the apertures and the positions of the three precise holes on the small end surface in the rough machining process of the small end to serve as rough references of the plane, the center and the angular direction of the small end surface;
carrying out finish machining on the small end of the casing to be machined, wherein the finish machining comprises the finish machining of a plurality of precision holes and a circle of threaded holes in the bearing surface of the small end;
installing a third set of fixture on a workbench of a turn-milling composite machining center, aligning three precise holes on a small end bearing surface obtained by finish machining with three positioning pins on the third set of fixture respectively for positioning and positioning at an angular direction, fixing a small end installing edge by utilizing a pressing plate, and carrying out finish machining on a large end of a casing to be machined, wherein the finish machining content comprises finish machining on a plurality of precise holes and a circle of threaded holes on the large end bearing surface.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the machining process comprises machining the rotating case,
after the fixture is arranged on the workbench, the support surface of the fixture and three positioning pins need to be aligned.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the machining process comprises machining the rotating case,
the requirements for aligning the supporting surface of the clamp and three positioning pins are as follows: the run-out of the support surface of the clamp is not more than 0.005mm, the run-out of the positioning hole of the clamp is not more than 0.005mm, and the run-out of the datum of the straightening side D is not more than 0.005 mm;
or the requirements of aligning the support surface of the clamp and three positioning pins are as follows: the jumping of the three positioning pins is not more than 0.005 mm.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the machining process comprises machining the rotating case,
in the rough machining process, the machining is directly carried out to the size with low requirements on design elements, and only allowance is removed with high requirements on the design elements.
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| CN113626938B (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2023-08-15 | 中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司 | Design method of turbine rear casing process reference |
| CN113977192B (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2024-02-20 | 安徽应流航源动力科技有限公司 | Method for machining reference hole without tool for casing |
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