CN113749196B - Premix for Epinephelus coioides, feed, preparation method and application of premix - Google Patents

Premix for Epinephelus coioides, feed, preparation method and application of premix Download PDF

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CN113749196B
CN113749196B CN202111173893.6A CN202111173893A CN113749196B CN 113749196 B CN113749196 B CN 113749196B CN 202111173893 A CN202111173893 A CN 202111173893A CN 113749196 B CN113749196 B CN 113749196B
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premix
percent
epinephelus coioides
feed
epinephelus
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CN113749196A (en
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方伟
马振华
胡静
周胜杰
杨蕊
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Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute
South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy Fishery Sciences
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Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute
South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy Fishery Sciences
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
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  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of aquatic feed additives, and particularly relates to a premix for Epinephelus coioides, a feed, a preparation method and application thereof. The premix comprises the following components: 17 to 19 percent of angelica, 16 to 19 percent of isatis root, 14 to 16 percent of white peony root, 12 to 16 percent of coptis root, 11 to 13 percent of heartleaf houttuynia herb, 9 to 11 percent of bupleurum root, 6 to 8 percent of pseudo-ginseng and 5 to 7 percent of rhubarb. The premix provided by the invention can improve the spawning rate of the Epinephelus coioides, promote the growth speed of the Epinephelus coioides and improve the survival rate of the Epinephelus coioides. The results of the examples show that the premix provided by the invention can enable the egg laying rate of the Epinephelus coioides to reach more than 90%, and the survival rate to reach about 98%.

Description

Premix and feed for epinephelus fuscoguttatus, preparation method and application of premix and feed
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquatic feed additives, and particularly relates to a premix for Epinephelus coioides, a feed, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Epinephelus coioides (blocky rock cod), also known as the old tiger fish, belongs to the phylum chordata, class Osteichthyes, order Perciformes, family Serratidae, genus Epinephelus. The fish is warm water-based rare fish on the offshore bottom, has high price, high economic value, fat, delicious, fresh and tender meat quality and rich nutrition, is deeply praised by people and is used as a first-class delicacy. At present, market demand of the Epinephelus coioides is getting bigger and bigger, the culture technology is continuously improved, a high-density culture mode is mainly used generally, artificial mixed feed is selected and fed in the culture process, the requirement on water quality is not high, and the Epinephelus coioides is suitable for high-density culture.
With the continuous expansion of the culture scale of the Epinephelus coioides, the natural bait cannot meet the feeding requirement, and the demand of artificial feed is increasing day by day. However, in the process of feeding the epinephelus fuscoguttatus by using artificial compound feed, the parent fishes at the full-age stage of the epinephelus fuscoguttatus are often in the current cultivation situations of malnutrition, low egg laying rate, even no egg laying and the like. These blotches are also generally associated with higher mortality, higher feed ratio, lower meat production rate, generally lower yield, and severe damage to farmers' economic benefits. So far, no report is found about the research on improving the egg laying rate of the epinephelus fuscoguttatus by adopting premix and improving the survival rate and the yield of the epinephelus fuscoguttatus. Therefore, the premix compound which can improve the spawning rate of the epinephelus fuscoguttatus, promote the growth speed of the epinephelus fuscoguttatus, improve the survival rate of the epinephelus fuscoguttatus and increase the yield of the epinephelus fuscoguttatus is developed, and the premix compound has important significance for intensive culture and sustainable development of the epinephelus fuscoguttatus.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the grouper coir premix, the feed, the preparation method and the application of the feed.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a premix for Epinephelus coioides, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 17 to 19 percent of angelica, 16 to 19 percent of isatis root, 14 to 16 percent of white peony root, 12 to 16 percent of coptis root, 11 to 13 percent of heartleaf houttuynia herb, 9 to 11 percent of bupleurum root, 6 to 8 percent of pseudo-ginseng and 5 to 7 percent of rhubarb.
The invention provides a preparation method of premix for Epinephelus coioides, which is characterized in that the premix is obtained by crushing the raw materials in the technical scheme.
Preferably, the comminution comprises micronization.
Preferably, the crushed material is sieved, and the 200-mesh undersize is used as a premix.
The invention also provides application of the premix in improving the spawning rate of parent fish of Epinephelus coioides, promoting the growth speed of Epinephelus coioides or improving the survival rate of Epinephelus coioides.
The invention also provides application of the premix in preparation of feed for Epinephelus coioides.
The invention also provides a feed for Epinephelus coioides, which comprises the premix in the technical scheme.
Preferably, the feed comprises 0.1wt.% to 0.2wt.% of a premix.
Preferably, the feed for Epinephelus coioides further comprises a conventional feed for Epinephelus coioides.
The invention also provides application of the feed for the epinephelus fuscoguttatus in improving the spawning rate of parent fish of the epinephelus fuscoguttatus, improving the survival rate of the epinephelus fuscoguttatus or improving the growth speed of the epinephelus fuscoguttatus.
Advantageous effects
The invention provides a premix for Epinephelus coioides, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 17 to 19 percent of angelica, 16 to 19 percent of isatis root, 14 to 16 percent of white peony root, 12 to 16 percent of coptis root, 11 to 13 percent of houttuynia cordata, 9 to 11 percent of bupleurum, 6 to 8 percent of pseudo-ginseng and 5 to 7 percent of rhubarb.
The Chinese angelica, the isatis root, the white paeony root, the coptis root, the houttuynia cordata and the like in the premix have the effects of promoting the development of ovarian gonads, resisting bacteria and inhibiting bacteria, and the Chinese herbal medicines have the characteristics of being rich in a large amount of vitamins and minerals; meanwhile, on the premise of ensuring that the spawning rate of the epinephelus fuscoguttatus is improved, the palatability of the premix can be further improved, the spawning rate of the epinephelus fuscoguttatus can be improved, the growth speed of the epinephelus fuscoguttatus can be promoted, the survival rate of the epinephelus fuscoguttatus is improved, and the yield of the epinephelus fuscoguttatus is increased.
In addition, the invention takes common Chinese herbal medicines as main raw materials, and has the characteristics of rich resources, wide raw material sources and easy obtainment.
In addition, the selected Chinese herbal medicines belong to natural plants, so that the Chinese herbal medicine is low in cost, green, safe and easy to popularize.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a premix for Epinephelus coioides, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 17 to 19 percent of angelica, 16 to 19 percent of isatis root, 14 to 16 percent of white peony root, 12 to 16 percent of coptis root, 11 to 13 percent of houttuynia cordata, 9 to 11 percent of bupleurum, 6 to 8 percent of pseudo-ginseng and 5 to 7 percent of rhubarb.
The premix provided by the invention comprises 17-19% of angelica by mass percentage. In the invention, the angelica has the effects of inhibiting bacteria, enriching and activating blood, promoting ovulation, regulating body immunity and resisting anoxia.
The premix provided by the invention comprises 16-19% of radix isatidis by mass percentage. In the invention, the isatis root has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, resisting invasion of pathogenic microorganisms and the like and diminishing inflammation.
The premix provided by the invention comprises 14-16% of white paeony root by mass percentage. In the invention, the white peony root has the effects of nourishing blood and enriching blood, protecting liver and relieving pain, and strengthening spleen and stomach.
The premix provided by the invention comprises 12-16% of coptis chinensis by mass percentage. In the invention, the coptis chinensis has the effects of clearing heat and drying dampness, purging fire and detoxifying, diminishing inflammation and resisting diarrhea.
The premix provided by the invention comprises 11-13% of houttuynia cordata by mass percentage. In the invention, the heartleaf houttuynia herb has the effects of clearing heat, reducing pathogenic fire, reducing swelling, expelling pus and enhancing the immune function of an organism.
The premix provided by the invention comprises 9-11% of bupleurum by mass percentage. In the invention, the bupleurum has the effects of tranquilizing, easing pain, resisting stress, protecting liver and benefiting gallbladder and regulating intestines and stomach.
The premix provided by the invention comprises 6-8% of pseudo-ginseng in percentage by mass. In the invention, the pseudo-ginseng has the effects of removing blood stasis, stopping bleeding, relieving swelling and pain, tonifying deficiency and strengthening.
The premix provided by the invention comprises 5-7% of rhubarb by mass percentage. In the invention, the rhubarb has the effects of clearing damp-heat, purging fire, cooling blood, removing blood stasis, detoxifying and dredging intestines.
In the invention, the premix obtained by compounding the traditional Chinese medicines can further improve the physique of the Epinephelus coioides by regulating the immunity of the organism, enhance the capability of adapting to the external environment, protect the liver and the gallbladder, promote the development of gonads and improve the spawning rate on the basis, thereby increasing the yield and improving the economic benefit.
If no special provisions are made, the source of the traditional Chinese medicine is not specially limited, and the traditional Chinese medicine can be prepared by adopting conventional commercially available traditional Chinese medicine products.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the premix for the Epinephelus coioides, and the premix is obtained by crushing the raw materials.
The invention crushes the raw materials of the premix of the Epinephelus coioides to obtain crushed materials. In the present invention, the pulverization preferably includes micronization; the particle size of the pulverized product is preferably 200 mesh. The method and the equipment for superfine grinding are not particularly limited, and the conventional traditional Chinese medicine grinding method and equipment in the field can be adopted.
After the crushed material is obtained, the crushed material is sieved by the invention, and the 200-mesh undersize is used as premix. The sieving mode is not particularly limited in the present invention, and a method conventional in the art may be adopted.
The invention also provides application of the premix in improving the spawning rate of parent fish of Epinephelus coioides, promoting the growth speed of Epinephelus coioides or improving the survival rate of Epinephelus coioides.
The invention also provides application of the premix in preparation of feed for Epinephelus coioides.
The invention also provides a feed for Epinephelus coioides, which comprises the premix in the technical scheme.
In the present invention, the feed for Epinephelus coioides preferably comprises 0.1 to 0.2% of premix, more preferably 0.2% of premix. In the present invention, the Epinephelus coioides preferably comprises conventional Epinephelus coioides feed; the feed raw materials mainly comprise fish meal, bean pulp, rapeseed meal, starch, cassava powder, fish oil, premix, preservative and various additives. Wherein, fish meal, bean pulp and rapeseed meal are mainly used as protein sources to provide protein requirements for aquatic animals; starch and tapioca flour are mainly used as energy sources to provide sugar; fish oil is mainly used as a supply of fats and oils; the premix is rich in various trace nutrient elements required by the growth of the aquatic animals, and can be used for improving the feed functions, such as improving the feed palatability, regulating the organism immunity, improving the egg laying rate of the aquatic animals, enhancing the resistance and improving the environment adaptability. The invention has no special requirements on the preparation method of the feed for the Epinephelus coioides, and the premix is mixed with the conventional feed for the Epinephelus coioides by adopting a method well known by the technical personnel in the field.
The invention also provides application of the feed for the epinephelus fuscoguttatus in improving the spawning rate of parent fish of the epinephelus fuscoguttatus, improving the survival rate of the epinephelus fuscoguttatus or improving the growth speed of the epinephelus fuscoguttatus.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, the following embodiments are described in detail, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
17kg (17.18%) of angelica, 18kg (18.18%) of isatis root, 15kg (15.15%) of white peony root, 15kg (15.15%) of coptis root, 12kg (12.12%) of houttuynia cordata, 10kg (10.11%) of bupleurum root, 7kg (7.07%) of notoginseng and 5kg (5.05%) of rhubarb are weighed. Pulverizing with a superfine pulverizer, sieving with 200 mesh sieve, mixing, and adding into the compound feed for Epinephelus coioides at a ratio of 0.2 wt.%.
Example 2
Weighing 18kg (18%) of angelica sinensis, 17kg (17%) of radix isatidis, 16kg (16%) of radix paeoniae alba, 14kg (14%) of coptis chinensis, 13kg (13%) of houttuynia cordata, 11kg (11%) of radix bupleuri, 6kg (6%) of pseudo-ginseng and 5kg (5%) of rheum officinale. Pulverizing with a superfine pulverizer, sieving with 200 mesh sieve, mixing, and adding into the mixed feed of Epinephelus coioides at a ratio of 0.2%.
Example 3
Weighing 18kg (17.65%) of angelica, 17kg (16.67%) of isatis root, 16kg (15.69%) of white peony root, 13kg (12.75%) of coptis root, 12kg (11.76%) of houttuynia cordata, 11kg (10.78%) of bupleurum root, 8kg (7.84%) of pseudo-ginseng and 7kg (6.86%) of rhubarb. Pulverizing with a micronizer, sieving with 200 mesh sieve, mixing, and adding into the feed according to a ratio of 0.2%.
Example 4
19kg (19%) of angelica sinensis, 16kg (16%) of radix isatidis, 14kg (14%) of radix paeoniae alba, 14kg (14%) of coptis chinensis, 13kg (13%) of houttuynia cordata, 10kg (10%) of radix bupleuri, 7kg (7%) of pseudo-ginseng and 7kg (7%) of rheum officinale are weighed. Pulverizing with a micronizer, sieving with 200 mesh sieve, mixing, and adding into the feed according to a ratio of 0.2%.
Experimental example 1
Materials and methods
Three groups of feeds with the same basic formula are used as test materials,
group a feed (control group): the premix of the Epinephelus coioides is not added, and only the compound feed is added;
group B feed (control group): the premix does not contain angelica and isatis root, other components are the same as those in the embodiment 2, and the premix is added into the feed in a dosage of 0.2 percent;
group C feed (control group): the content of angelica in the premix is 15 percent and the content of isatis root is 20 percent, the other components are the same as those in the embodiment 2, and the premix is added into the feed in a dosage of 0.2 percent;
the feed of group D was supplemented with the premix of epinephelus coioides produced in example 1 at a dose of 0.2%;
the group E feed was supplemented with the premix of grouper produced in example 2 at a dose of 0.2%;
the feed of group F is added with the premix of Epinephelus coioides produced by patent example 3 of the invention in a dosage of 0.2 percent;
the group G feed was supplemented with the premix for epinephelus coioides produced in patent example 4 at a dose of 0.2%.
Grouping and feeding of epinephelus fuscoguttatus test
Healthy and active Epinephelus coioides is selected for test, 900 tail Epinephelus coioides which is 3201.2g in average weight is randomly divided into 3 groups after temporary culture for 15 days, each group is provided with 3 repeated net cages, each group repeats 100 tails, the Epinephelus coioides is cultured in the same pond with the separated net cages, and three groups of feed A, B, C are respectively fed. Feeding according to 1-2 wt.% of the body weight of the Epinephelus coioides, and feeding three meals each day: 8 in the morning; 11 at noon; and 5, in the afternoon. The feeding amount of each meal is adjusted according to the actual demand, and the total feeding amount reaches 1-2 wt.% of the weight of the groupers. The culture period is 16 weeks, the number of dead Epinephelus coioides is recorded in the culture process, and the Epinephelus coioides is weighed and the number of Epinephelus coioides capable of successfully laying eggs is recorded after the experiment is finished.
Statistical analysis of test records
The experimental data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, and each index is analyzed for one-way anova using SPSS18.0 software and multiple comparisons are made.
Influence of premix of Epinephelus coioides on meat color change mantissa and survival rate
The test was completed after feeding with different test feeds for 16 weeks, and the results of the survival rate and spawning rate of the groupers palmaris dulcis in each group are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Effect of different test materials on survival and spawning rates of Epinephelus coioides
Group of Initial mantissa (Tail) Terminal mantissa (Tail) Survival rate (%) Egg laying rate (%)
Group A 100.00±0.00 68.63±1.67 68.63±1.67 d 18.03±3.12 D
Group B 100.00±0.00 75.23±2.44 75.23±2.44 c 45.10±1.76 C
Group C 100.00±0.00 80.14±3.15 80.14±3.15 b 60.33±2.14 B
Group D 100.00±0.00 98.11±2.32 98.11±2.32 a 91.20±1.67 A
Group E 100.00±0.00 97.89±2.55 97.89±2.55 a 91.12±2.01 A
Group F 100.00±0.00 98.06±1.31 98.06±1.31 a 91.36±2.37 A
Group G 100.00±0.00 97.94±2.19 97.94±2.19 a 90.82±3.03 A
Note: compared with a Duncan method, the difference of different letters such as a, B, C, D and the like in the lower case of the same column is obvious (P is less than 0.05), and the difference of A, B, C, D in the upper case of the same column is extremely obvious (P is less than 0.01).
As can be seen from Table 1, the survival rate of the D-G test group added with the premix for the Epinephelus coioides is obviously higher than that of the A, B control group and the C group, reaches about 98 percent and is obviously higher than that of the control group; the spawning rates of the D-G test groups are higher and reach more than 90%, while the spawning rate of the control group A is lower and is only 18.03%, and the spawning rates of the B group and the C group are respectively about 45% and 60%.
Therefore, the premix for the epinephelus fuscoguttatus has an important effect on improving the spawning rate and the survival rate of the epinephelus fuscoguttatus, and meanwhile, tests further reveal that the reasonable matching of different components is beneficial to further improving the spawning effect.
Experimental example 2
Influence of premix of Epinephelus fuscoguttatus on terminal body weight and feed coefficient of Epinephelus fuscoguttatus
The final body weight and feed coefficient results of the test epinephelus coioides in each group of the test epinephelus coioides in the same experimental example 1 are shown in Table 2 after feeding the epinephelus coioides with different test feeds for 16 weeks in the above experimental example 1.
TABLE 2 Effect of premix for Epinephelus coioides on terminal body weight and feed factor of Epinephelus coioides
Group of Initial weight (kg) Terminal weight (kg) Coefficient of bait
Group A 3220.20±0.10 3281.32±1.55 d 1.81±0.32 D
Group B 3220.05±0.31 3320.11±1.31 c 1.64±0.17 C
Group C 3220.03±0.20 3366.21±1.30 b 1.62±0.21 B
Group D 3220.12±0.14 3420.31±1.71 a 1.21±0.11 A
Group E 3220.16±0.21 3453.16±1.12 a 1.22±0.26 A
Group F 3220.11±0.22 3450.21±1.43 a 1.23±0.24 A
Group G 3220.09±0.18 3450.48±2.02 a 1.25±0.19 A
Note: compared with a Duncan method, the difference of different letters such as a, B, C, D and the like in the lower case of the same column is obvious (P is less than 0.05), and the difference of A, B, C, D in the upper case of the same column is extremely obvious (P is less than 0.01).
As can be seen from Table 2, the terminal body weights of the test groups D to G added with the brown spot grouper premix are significantly higher than those of the control group, and the average body weight of each brown spot grouper is higher than that of the other three groups A to C by more than 60G; four groups D-G of the premix of the brown spot grouper are added, the bait coefficient is extremely lower than that of the groups A-C, and the bait coefficient is reduced by about more than 0.4.
The embodiment shows that the premix provided by the invention is particularly suitable for breeding the epinephelus fuscoguttatus, can effectively improve the spawning rate, can improve the survival rate of the epinephelus fuscoguttatus, promotes the growth speed of the epinephelus fuscoguttatus, reduces the feed coefficient by about 0.5, and has great economic potential.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained without inventive step according to the embodiments, and the embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The premix for the Epinephelus coioides is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 17 to 19 percent of angelica, 16 to 19 percent of isatis root, 14 to 16 percent of white peony root, 12 to 16 percent of coptis root, 11 to 13 percent of houttuynia cordata, 9 to 11 percent of bupleurum, 6 to 8 percent of pseudo-ginseng and 5 to 7 percent of rhubarb.
2. A method for preparing premix for Epinephelus coioides is characterized in that the raw material of claim 1 is crushed to obtain the premix.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the pulverizing comprises micronizing.
4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the pulverized material is sieved and 200 mesh undersize is used as a premix.
5. Use of the premix according to claim 1 or the premix prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 2 to 4 for increasing the spawning rate of parent fish of Epinephelus coioides, promoting the growth rate of Epinephelus coioides or increasing the survival rate of Epinephelus coioides.
6. Use of the premix according to claim 1 or the premix prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 2 to 4 for preparing feed for Epinephelus coioides.
7. A feed for Epinephelus coioides which comprises the premix according to claim 1 or the premix prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 2 to 4.
8. The feed for Epinephelus coioides as claimed in claim 7, wherein the feed comprises 0.1wt.% to 0.2wt.% of a premix.
9. The Epinephelus coioides feed of claim 7 or 8, further comprising conventional Epinephelus coioides feed.
10. Use of the feed for Epinephelus coioides as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 9 for increasing the spawning rate of parent Epinephelus coioides, increasing the survival rate of Epinephelus coioides or increasing the growth rate of Epinephelus coioides.
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CN103652454B (en) * 2013-12-07 2015-10-28 宁波源丰消防设备有限公司 One carp feed breeding period
CN104286596A (en) * 2014-11-11 2015-01-21 济南凯因生物科技有限公司 Feed for carp in breeding season
CN105661108A (en) * 2016-02-28 2016-06-15 山东新希望六和集团有限公司 Traditional Chinese medicinal feed additive for garrupa and preparation method of traditional Chinese medicinal feed additive
CN106107223A (en) * 2016-06-22 2016-11-16 温州雏鹰科技有限公司 Strengthen bait of cabrilla immunity and preparation method thereof
CN108669382B (en) * 2018-08-06 2021-11-09 华南师范大学 Application of bupleurum extract as feed additive for grouper
CN111802536B (en) * 2020-07-31 2022-05-20 福建傲农生物科技集团股份有限公司 Feed additive for large yellow croaker female fish and preparation method and application thereof

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