CN113745685B - Waste battery recycling system and process - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a waste battery recycling system and a process thereof, wherein the system comprises: the waste lithium battery echelon utilization production line is used for screening, disassembling and capacity detection of the waste lithium battery, and Pack assembly is carried out on lithium ion single batteries capable of being used in the echelon; the waste lithium battery echelon utilization production line comprises a waste lithium battery disassembling system, a capacity-dividing system and a Pack recombination system; the waste lithium battery recycling production line is used for recycling lithium ion single batteries which cannot be utilized in a echelon manner and waste lithium ion single batteries generated in the operation process of the waste lithium battery echelon utilization production line; and the hazardous waste incineration disposal system is used for incinerating hazardous waste generated in the operation process of the waste lithium battery echelon utilization production line and the waste lithium battery recycling production line. The invention integrates the disassembly and recycling of the waste batteries and the incineration disposal of the waste batteries, and solves the environmental pressure of the local solid waste storage.

Description

Waste battery recycling system and process

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of waste battery recovery and disposal devices, in particular to a waste battery recovery and disposal system and a waste battery recovery and disposal process.

Background

Since the 90 s of the 20 th century, china became the largest country of lithium battery production, consumption and export in the world as lithium batteries are widely used. Especially, in recent years, china goes out of a series of important policy measures such as subsidies, tax reduction, research and development support, consumption preference, infrastructure and the like, and the new energy automobile market is increasingly developed. With the rapid development of new energy automobiles, as the heart of the new energy automobiles, the power lithium battery industry is also rapidly growing. According to the corresponding scrapping standard, the recycling market of the power lithium battery is formed. According to expert analysis of a lithium electric big data network, the waste recovery market of the power lithium batteries in China is expected to be of a first scale, the accumulated waste power lithium batteries are more than 12GWD and the scrapped amount is more than 17 ten thousand tons, the recovery market scale created by recovering metals such as cobalt, nickel, manganese, lithium, iron, aluminum and the like from the waste power lithium batteries is expected to be more than 53 hundred million yuan, the waste power lithium batteries in 2020 are expected to be more than 100 hundred million yuan, and the waste power lithium batteries in 2023 are expected to be 250 hundred million yuan. Meanwhile, the waste power lithium batteries are also polluted by waste gas, waste liquid, waste residue and the like in the disassembly process, and once organic electrolyte and heavy metal substances such as cobalt, copper, nickel and the like permeate into water and soil, ecological environment potential safety hazards are brought, and even human health is endangered. If the waste power lithium battery is not subjected to necessary recovery and treatment, not only can the resource waste be caused, but also certain pollution can be caused to the environment. Therefore, the acceleration of the recycling of the power lithium battery is an urgent issue affecting the development of the new energy automobile industry.

Compared with the common lead-acid battery, nickel-copper battery and other traditional batteries, the lithium ion battery has higher theoretical capacity and volume energy density, and has a series of advantages of long working time, high safety performance, no memory effect, environmental friendliness and the like, so that the lithium ion battery can be widely applied to electronic equipment such as mobile phones, code scanning analysis systems, digital cameras, power batteries and the like as an excellent energy storage device. The lithium ion battery mainly comprises a positive electrode material, a negative electrode material, a diaphragm, an adhesive, a conductive agent and the like, wherein the positive electrode material mainly comprises lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate, lithium nickelate, lithium iron phosphate, ternary materials and the like. Lithium cobaltate is used as a typical positive electrode material, is widely used in daily life due to high capacity and high cycle stability, and has higher recovery value as a rare metal element. The cyclic resource utilization refers to a recycling process of reasonably decomposing and recombining a product after the product is scrapped to prepare a valuable product with the same or similar performance as the product. The cyclic recycling of the battery anode material means that after the battery is scrapped, the battery anode material is subjected to element decomposition and prepared into a new battery material according to a certain formula.

When waste lithium batteries are recovered, special battery disposal production lines are required to be applied, but the current battery disposal production lines have the following defects:

1) The disassembly of the waste lithium battery and the recycling section of the waste lithium battery are respectively carried out in two different companies, and the waste lithium battery which is produced in the disassembly of the waste lithium battery and the recycling section of the waste lithium battery and cannot be utilized is usually required to be provided to a special waste battery recycling company for disposal after being collected, so that the disposal cost is definitely increased, and the continuity of waste lithium battery disposal is not strong.

2) When the waste battery pack is disassembled, the waste battery pack is required to be manually disassembled into a plurality of battery modules. However, the battery disassembling system in the current market is only aimed at disassembling the single battery module, and has no special working flow line aimed at disassembling the battery pack, so that the disassembling efficiency of the battery pack is low, and the whole disassembling system is low in efficiency. And current disassembly system adopts the categorised mode of staff to battery module that can echelon utilization and the battery module that can continue to disassemble to go on, leads to needing extra staff to sort it, influences the efficiency of whole production line.

3) When the waste lithium batteries are recovered, the batteries are required to be crushed, the crushed batteries are nickel-cobalt-containing powder, and the crushed batteries are required to be treated through an extraction process. However, after the sulfate solution is prepared by the traditional extraction process, the sulfate is recovered only by adopting a drying mode, and the recovery speed of the sulfate is influenced due to longer extraction process time caused by longer drying time.

4) When the waste lithium battery is recovered, a large amount of waste gas and dust are generated, so that the pollution degree to the environment is increased, and the health of surrounding personnel is also not facilitated. Because the waste gas is mixed with black powder generated during crushing, the purpose of collecting the black powder cannot be achieved by adopting a conventional waste gas treatment device on the market, and the treatment effect on the waste gas is poor.

5) The hazardous waste incineration system can produce nitrogen oxides after incineration, and the flue gas containing the nitrogen oxides is discharged into the atmosphere, so that the hazardous waste incineration system can harm human bodies, is easy to cause respiratory diseases, can also cause harm such as chemical smog and acid rain, but the prior hazardous waste incineration system does not effectively treat the nitrogen oxides.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a waste battery recovery disposal system and a process thereof, which are used for solving the problems in the background technology, and integrating the disassembly and recycling of waste batteries and the incineration of the waste batteries which cannot be recovered; the waste battery pack is convenient to disassemble, and the disassembly efficiency is improved; the drying time of the sulfate solution is reduced, and the sulfate is efficiently recovered; the method realizes the collection of the black powder mixed in the waste gas in the waste battery crushing process and the efficient treatment of the waste gas in the waste battery crushing process; and nitrogen oxides in the flue gas after the hazardous waste incineration are effectively removed, so that zero pollution emission of the flue gas is realized.

The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:

a waste battery recycling disposal system comprising:

the waste lithium battery echelon utilization production line is used for screening, disassembling and capacity detection of the waste lithium battery, and Pack assembly is carried out on lithium ion single batteries capable of being used in the echelon; the waste lithium battery echelon utilization production line comprises a waste lithium battery dismantling system for dismantling waste batteries, a capacity-dividing system for carrying out capacity-dividing treatment on battery cells with capacity within a certain range, and a Pack recombination system for leading qualified single batteries to enter a Pack group;

the waste lithium battery recycling production line is used for recycling lithium ion single batteries which cannot be utilized in a echelon manner and waste lithium ion single batteries generated in the operation process of the waste lithium battery echelon utilization production line;

and the hazardous waste incineration disposal system is used for incinerating hazardous waste generated in the operation process of the waste lithium battery echelon utilization production line and the waste lithium battery recycling production line.

The waste lithium battery dismantling system comprises a battery pack dismantling system, a module code scanning detection system and a battery module dismantling system, wherein the battery pack dismantling system is used for dismantling waste battery packs into battery modules, the module code scanning detection system is used for scanning code to the battery modules to judge whether the battery modules can be utilized in a gradient manner and are dismantled continuously, and the battery module dismantling system is used for dismantling the battery modules which can be dismantled continuously; the module code scanning detection system and the battery module disassembling system are provided with a recovery area for storing battery modules capable of being utilized in a gradient manner, a discharge area for deep discharging the battery modules capable of being disassembled continuously and a first manipulator for feeding and discharging and sorting the battery modules capable of being utilized in a gradient manner and disassembled continuously.

Further optimizing technical scheme, battery package disassembling system is including the annular conveying platform that is used for carrying the waste battery package, the interval sets up in annular conveying platform both sides and is used for carrying out transversely carrying and be convenient for the staff to disassemble a plurality of operation platform that disassemble and be used for controlling the whole operation of device, annular conveying platform below corresponding with disassembling operation platform position is provided with and is used for with waste battery package jack-up and can transversely carry to the jacking transplanter who disassembles operation platform, disassemble operation platform's below is provided with the battery module conveyer that is used for carrying the battery module after the staff disassembles, annular conveying platform, disassemble operation platform, jacking transplanter and battery module conveyer's controlled end is connected in the output of PLC controller respectively.

Further optimizing technical scheme, useless lithium cell resourceful recovery production line includes:

the waste single battery crushing system is used for physically crushing the lithium ion single battery to realize recovery of valuable materials in crushed materials;

the wet extraction system is used for receiving the nickel-cobalt powder output by the waste single battery crushing system and realizing recovery of sulfate in the nickel-cobalt powder.

Further optimizing technical scheme, old and useless battery cell crushing system includes:

the battery crusher is used for crushing the input waste single batteries; the bottom end of the battery crusher is provided with an electrolyte outlet and is communicated with a condensation recovery system for recovering and disposing the electrolyte;

the low-temperature baking furnace is connected with a discharge hole of the battery crusher and is used for drying the crushed materials of the battery crusher so as to evaporate and decompose electrolyte in the crushed materials;

the first hammer mill is connected with a discharge hole of the low-temperature baking furnace and is used for carrying out primary hammer milling on the dried material;

the first linear screen is connected with a discharge hole of the first hammer mill and is used for carrying out first-stage screening on the materials subjected to first-stage hammer milling;

the magnetic separation mechanism is connected with the discharge hole of the first hammer mill and is used for carrying out magnetic separation on the materials subjected to primary hammer mill so as to separate out the steel shell;

the second hammer mill is connected with a discharge hole of the magnetic separation mechanism and is used for carrying out secondary hammer milling on the magnetically separated material;

the cyclone dust collector is connected with a discharge hole of the second hammer mill and is used for carrying out primary separation treatment on granular copper aluminum foil, diaphragm paper and positive and negative electrode powder;

The rotary screen is connected with a discharge port of the cyclone dust collector and is used for sorting and outputting positive and negative electrode mixture;

the gravity separation system is connected with a discharge port of the rotary screen and is used for roughly separating and respectively recovering copper foil and aluminum foil in the residual materials;

the battery crusher and the low-temperature baking furnace are provided with a first negative pressure adsorption system for carrying out negative pressure adsorption collection on waste gas in the production process, a second negative pressure adsorption system for carrying out negative pressure adsorption collection on waste gas in the production process is arranged above the first hammer mill, the first linear screen, the magnetic separation mechanism, the second hammer mill, the drum screen and the gravity separation system, the first negative pressure adsorption system is connected with a waste gas treatment system for treating waste gas, and a dust collection treatment system for treating collected dust is connected with the upper parts of the second negative pressure adsorption system and the cyclone dust collector;

the battery crusher is connected with the low-temperature baking furnace, the low-temperature baking furnace is connected with the first hammer mill, the first linear screen is connected with the magnetic separation mechanism, the magnetic separation mechanism is connected with the second hammer mill, the second hammer mill is connected with the rotary screen, and the rotary screen is connected with the gravity separation system through conveying mechanisms.

Further optimizing the technical scheme, the wet extraction system includes:

the leaching device is used for removing aluminum and iron from the nickel cobalt powder after the battery is crushed and separated;

the extraction device is connected with the liquid outlet end of the leaching device and is used for extracting the leached filtrate to obtain nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate and manganese sulfate products; and

the lithium carbonate production device is connected with the slag outlet end of the leaching device and is used for treating the leached fluoride sediments to obtain lithium carbonate;

the discharge end of the extraction device is connected with a sulfate crystallization kettle for concentrating and crystallizing the extracted nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate and manganese sulfate solution respectively, the discharge end of the sulfate crystallization kettle is connected with a first flash evaporation dryer for rapidly drying the crystallized sulfate, and the top end of the first flash evaporation dryer is provided with a cloth bag dust collector.

The system comprises a high-temperature flue gas treatment system, a hazardous waste incineration disposal system, a waste heat boiler and a flue gas purification treatment system, wherein the hazardous waste incineration disposal system comprises a pretreatment and feeding system, a rotary kiln incineration system and a plasma disposal system which are respectively connected with the discharge tail ends of the pretreatment and feeding system, the gas outlet ends of the rotary kiln incineration system and the plasma disposal system are communicated with a waste heat boiler for recovering waste heat in the high-temperature flue gas, the gas outlet end of the waste heat boiler is communicated with the flue gas purification treatment system, and the flue gas purification treatment system is connected with a chimney for exhausting; the gas outlet end of the rotary kiln incineration system and the gas outlet end of the plasma treatment system are communicated with a secondary combustion chamber for thoroughly decomposing dioxin pollutants, and the gas outlet end of the secondary combustion chamber is communicated with the gas inlet end of the waste heat boiler; the waste heat boiler is provided with a non-catalytic reduction SNCR device which is fully contacted and reacted with nitrogen oxides in the flue gas at a high temperature to primarily remove the nitrogen oxides in the flue gas; the flue gas purification treatment system is also provided with an SCR reaction tower for further removing nitrogen oxides in the flue gas.

Further optimizing the technical scheme, wherein the waste lithium battery is derived from a waste automobile or a waste household appliance; the waste lithium battery is one or more of a cylindrical battery, a soft package battery or a square shell battery.

The waste battery recycling and disposing process is performed based on the waste battery recycling and disposing system and comprises the following steps of:

s1, carrying out echelon utilization on waste batteries, wherein the method comprises the following steps of:

disassembling the waste lithium batteries, sequentially disassembling the waste battery packs into single batteries by using a waste lithium battery disassembling system, performing code scanning detection on the single batteries to judge whether the single batteries can be utilized in a echelon manner and continuously disassembled, and outputting the disassembled single batteries;

manually screening the disassembled single batteries, classifying the intact single batteries and the damaged single batteries respectively, collecting and storing the damaged single batteries in a disqualified battery storage area, and entering a recycling recovery process for further treatment;

and (3) capacity detection: detecting the capacity of an intact single battery cell, judging whether the single battery can be utilized in a cascade, utilizing the single battery capable of being utilized in the cascade, collecting the single battery incapable of being utilized in the cascade, and then entering a recycling process for further treatment;

And (3) capacity division: storing energy of the single batteries capable of being utilized in a echelon manner in the capacity-dividing region, and recovering the battery capacity of the single batteries;

pack grouping: performing performance analysis on the monomer batteries subjected to capacity division treatment, and performing Pack matching on qualified monomer batteries through a Pack recombination system;

s2, recycling the lithium ion single batteries which cannot be utilized in a cascade manner and the waste lithium ion single batteries generated in the operation process of the waste lithium battery cascade utilization production line, wherein the recycling method comprises the following steps of:

acid leaching discharge: putting the lithium ion single battery into a dilute acid soaking tank, and performing acid leaching and discharging for a certain time;

washing: putting the lithium ion single battery subjected to acid leaching discharge into a washing tank for washing;

crushing, roasting and sorting: physically crushing and sorting the lithium ion single battery to obtain steel shell, aluminum foil, copper sheet, graphite powder and nickel-cobalt-containing powder;

the nickel-cobalt-containing powder sequentially passes through a leaching process, an extraction process and a lithium carbonate production process, and finally a lithium carbonate product is prepared after flash evaporation and drying;

s3, incinerating dangerous wastes generated in the operation process of the waste lithium battery echelon utilization production line and the waste lithium battery recycling production line by adopting a rotary kiln incineration line process or a plasma disposal line process.

In a further optimized technical scheme, in the step S2, the steps of crushing, roasting and sorting comprise the following steps:

feeding: conveying the waste single batteries into a battery crusher;

rough breaking: coarsely crushing the waste single batteries by using a battery crusher;

and (3) electrolyte recovery: the battery crusher discharges electrolyte mixed with the coarsely crushed materials to a condensation recovery system for condensation recovery;

baking at low temperature: the coarsely broken materials are conveyed to a low-temperature baking furnace in a totally-enclosed mode, drying, evaporating and decomposing electrolyte is carried out, and the dried materials are conveyed in a totally-enclosed mode at the next stage;

and (3) ultralow temperature condensation: firstly, enabling gas generated in the rough breaking and low-temperature baking process to enter an ultralow-temperature condensing system through micro negative pressure gas collection, collecting a sublimated liquid phase, discharging tail gas into a waste gas treatment system, and discharging the tail gas into the atmosphere after cooling, washing, UV photodecomposition and active carbon treatment;

primary hammer mill: the dried material is conveyed into a first hammer mill for primary grinding through full-closed conveying;

sorting magnetic shells: synchronously carrying out magnetic separation on the materials subjected to primary grinding in the process of conveying the lower section, and separating out a steel shell;

secondary grinding: removing the material from the magnetic shell, carrying out full-closed conveying, entering a second hammer mill for secondary grinding, completing separation of anode powder and cathode powder from copper aluminum foil, and kneading the copper aluminum foil into spherical particles;

Winnowing: after the materials in the step S8 are sent into a cyclone dust collector in a sealing way, carrying out primary sorting treatment on granular copper aluminum foil, diaphragm paper and anode and cathode powder;

and (3) recycling anode and cathode powder: the materials after winnowing enter a drum screen for sorting, powder mixed by positive and negative electrodes is output, and the powder is collected by a ton bag;

and (3) recycling diaphragm paper: recycling the diaphragm paper separated in the step S10;

and (3) recovering copper aluminum foil: the materials after the diaphragm paper is removed are sent to a gravity separation system, copper foil and aluminum foil are roughly separated and respectively recovered;

dust collection treatment: and (3) adsorbing the dust-containing gas in the whole process by a negative pressure fan, and then enabling the adsorbed gas to enter a dust collection treatment system for powder recovery and treatment, and discharging the recovered gas after reaching the standard.

By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention integrates the disassembly and recycling of the waste batteries and the incineration of the waste batteries which cannot be recycled, starts from a short board in the new energy industry, and from the disassembly of the scrapped automobiles, the cascade utilization of the lithium batteries, the rare metal extraction of the lithium batteries until harmless disposal, has strong continuity, perfects the vacancy of the local industry and solves the environmental pressure of the local solid waste storage, thereby contributing to the local economic development, urban construction and people health and ensuring the sustainable development of local waste enterprises and industries.

The battery pack disassembling system provided by the invention can realize the disassembly of the waste battery packs, so that the disassembly space is greatly saved, and the disassembly efficiency is improved; the first manipulator arranged between the module code scanning detection system and the battery module disassembling system can convey the battery modules which can be utilized in a gradient manner to the recycling area for storage, and can convey the battery modules which can be continuously disassembled to the discharging area for deep discharging, and the manipulator is used for replacing a human hand to automatically classify the detected battery modules, so that the manual labor force is greatly liberated, and the disassembling efficiency is improved.

The waste single battery crushing system is sequentially provided with a battery crusher, a low-temperature baking furnace, a first hammer mill, a first linear screen, a magnetic separation mechanism, a second hammer mill, a cyclone dust collector, a drum screen, a second linear screen and a gravity separation system according to a production line, and is provided with an exhaust gas treatment system and a dust collection treatment system, so that the waste single battery crushing system integrates crushing of waste single batteries, recycling of electrolyte, baking of crushed materials, grinding of crushed materials, screening of magnetic shells, recycling of anode and cathode powder, recycling of diaphragm paper, recycling of copper aluminum foil and dust collection, and the purpose of recycling resources is realized.

According to the invention, the sulfate crystallization kettle is connected and arranged at the discharge end of the extraction device, and the first flash evaporation dryer is connected and arranged at the discharge end of the sulfate crystallization kettle, so that the sulfate solution prepared by the extraction device enters the sulfate crystallization kettle for evaporation crystallization, and the crystallized solid enters the first flash evaporation dryer for evaporation drying, and the drying time of the sulfate solution is greatly reduced through two evaporation drying operations, so that the high-efficiency recovery of sulfate is realized. And moreover, the cloth bag dust collector arranged at the top end of the first flash steaming and drying machine can collect dust generated in the drying process and then is used as a product for sale, so that the efficient recovery of sulfate products is realized.

According to the hazardous waste incineration disposal system, the non-catalytic reduction SNCR device is arranged on the waste heat boiler to remove nitrogen oxides in the flue gas once, and the SCR reaction tower is arranged in the flue gas purification treatment system to remove nitrogen oxides in the flue gas secondarily, so that the nitrogen oxides in the flue gas after hazardous waste incineration are effectively removed, and zero pollution emission of the flue gas is realized.

The hazardous waste incineration disposal system is provided with two independent disposal lines, one is a rotary kiln incineration line, the other is a plasma disposal line, the two disposal lines share one set of flue gas purification treatment system, the flue gas purification treatment system adopts SNCR denitration, flue gas quenching, dry deacidification (slaked lime) +active carbon injection, cloth bag dust removal, secondary denitration and wet deacidification processes, and waste gas of the two lines is respectively treated by the flue gas purification treatment system and then is converged into the same chimney for discharge, so that the hazardous waste is efficiently incinerated, and the purpose of efficiently treating the flue gas is achieved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive faculty for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is an overall flow chart of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a top view of the spent lithium battery disassembly system of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a top view of a module code scanning detection system in the disassembly system of the waste lithium battery of the invention;

fig. 4 is a top view of a battery module disassembling system in the waste lithium battery disassembling system according to the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery pack disassembling system in the waste lithium battery disassembling system according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a top view of a battery pack disassembly system of the waste lithium battery disassembly system of the invention;

FIG. 7 is a partial block diagram of a battery pack disassembly system in a waste lithium battery disassembly system according to the present invention

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of an annular conveying platform in the disassembly system of the waste lithium battery of the invention;

fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a lifting transplanter and a disassembling operation platform in the disassembling system of the waste lithium battery;

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram II of a structure of a lifting transplanter and a disassembling operation platform in the disassembling system of the waste lithium battery;

fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of a battery module transferring apparatus in the disassembly system of the waste lithium battery according to the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a portion of the structure of FIG. 11 in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a process flow diagram of the disassembly of the waste lithium battery of the invention;

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a waste cell crushing system according to the present invention;

FIG. 15 is a top view of the waste cell crushing system of the present invention;

FIG. 16 is a flow chart of the waste cell crushing system of the present invention;

FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the connection of the first shovel conveyor mechanism to the battery breaker of the present invention;

FIG. 18 is a block diagram of the position of a battery breaker in the waste battery cell breaking system of the present invention;

FIG. 19 is a schematic view of the structure of a trommel and a second linear screen of the present invention;

FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of a gravity separation system in the waste battery cell crushing system according to the present invention;

FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram II of a gravity separation system in the waste single battery crushing system of the present invention;

FIG. 22 is a flow chart of an apparatus of the wet extraction system of the present invention;

FIG. 23 is a flow chart of a waste lithium battery pretreatment process of the wet extraction system of the present invention;

FIG. 24 is a process flow diagram of the leaching process of the wet extraction system of the present invention;

FIG. 25 is a process flow diagram of the extraction process of the wet extraction system of the present invention;

FIG. 26 is a process flow diagram of a lithium carbonate production process in the wet extraction system of the present invention;

FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram of a hazardous waste incineration disposal system according to the present invention;

FIG. 28 is a schematic diagram of a waste heat utilization economizer system of the present invention;

fig. 29 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the waste heat utilization energy saving system in the hazardous waste incineration disposal system.

Wherein: A. a waste lithium battery disassembling system; a1, a battery pack disassembling system, A11, an annular conveying platform, A111, an annular frame body, A112, a first rotating roller, A113, a first rotating roller driving motor, A114, a first supporting frame, A12, a disassembling operation platform, A121, a fixed transmission mechanism, A1211, a fixed frame, A1212, a second rotating roller, A1213, a second rotating roller driving motor, A122, a liftable transmission mechanism, A1221, a liftable transverse frame body, A1222, a third rotating roller, A1223, a third rotating roller driving motor, A1224, an L-shaped positioning frame body, A1225, a screw, A1226, a sliding column, A1227, a sliding groove, A1228, a positioning transverse plate, A1229 and a lifting motor, A123, a position detection mechanism, A1231, a position sensor, A1232, a position sensor positioning plate, A13, a jacking transplanter, A131, a first transmission chain, A132, a second transmission chain, A133, a transmission chain driving shaft positioning frame, A134, a jacking hydraulic cylinder, A135, a sprocket driving motor, A14, a battery module conveying device, A141, a conveying frame body, A142, a conveying belt, A143, an adjustable baffle, A1431, a positioning groove, A144, an adjusting component, A1441, a transverse fixing column, A1442, a vertical fixing column, A1443, a locking bolt, A1444, a movable adjusting column, A1445, an adjusting plate, A145 and a conveying belt driving motor; a2, a module code scanning detection system, A21, a first battery module feeding machine, A22, a code scanning detection conveying platform, A23, a code scanning gun, A24, a code scanning analysis system, A25 and a first battery module discharging machine; a3, a battery module disassembling system, A31, a second battery module loading machine, A32, a module upper cover disassembling station, A33, a module outer frame disassembling station, A34, a battery core disassembling station, A35, a battery module conveyor, A36 and a second battery module blanking machine; a41, a first manipulator, A42, a second manipulator, A43 and a third manipulator; a5, a discharge area; a6, a recovery area;

B. The device comprises a waste single battery crushing system, a B1, a first shovel type conveying mechanism, a B1a, a feeding platform, a B1B and a discharging platform; b2, a battery crusher; b3, a low-temperature baking furnace; b4, an exhaust gas treatment system; b5, a first hammer mill; b6, a first linear screen; b7, a first gravity separator; b8, a second gravity separator, B81, a cylindrical screen, B82, a first spiral conveyer belt, B83, a second spiral conveyer belt, B84 and a third spiral conveyer belt; b10, a condensation recovery system; b11, a magnetic separation mechanism, B111 and a magnetic separator; b12, a second hammer mill; b13, cyclone dust collector; b14, a rotary screen; b15, a second linear screen; b16, a dust collection treatment system; b17, a first negative pressure adsorption system, B171 and a negative pressure collecting cover; b18, a second conveying mechanism, B19 and a third conveying mechanism; b20, a fourth conveying mechanism; b21, a fifth conveying mechanism;

C. the wet extraction system comprises a wet extraction system C1, a leaching device, a C11, a leaching tank, a C13, a first impurity removal tank, a C14, a first filter press, a C15, a first washing tank, a C16, a second impurity removal tank, a C17, a second filter press, a C18 and a second washing tank; c2, an extraction device, C21, a manganese sulfate extraction box, C22, a cobalt sulfate extraction box, C23, a nickel sulfate extraction box, C24, a sulfate crystallization kettle, C25 and a first flash dryer; c3, a lithium carbonate production device, C31, a lithium treatment tank, C32, a first filter, C33, a carbonation reaction tank, C34, a second filter, C35 and a second flash dryer;

D. The hazardous waste incineration disposal system comprises a D1, a pretreatment and feeding system, a D11, a compatibility pit, a D12, a compatibility grab bucket, a D13, a crusher, a D14, a feeding grab bucket, a D15, a hazardous liquid pit, a D16, a hazardous liquid feeding mechanism, a D161, an activated carbon adsorption system, a D162, a first waste solvent storage tank, a D163, a first waste solvent booster pump, a D164, a gasifier waste liquid spray gun, a D165, a second waste solvent storage tank, a D166, a second waste solvent booster pump, a D2, a rotary kiln incineration system, a D21, a rotary kiln feeding system, a D22, a rotary kiln, a D23, a rotary kiln slag conveyor, a D3, a secondary combustion chamber, a D4, a waste heat boiler, a D41 and a denitration spray gun, d42, an ammonia water storage tank, D43, an ammonia water booster pump, D44, a waste heat boiler water inlet pipe, D45, a waste heat boiler exhaust pipe, D46, a gas separation cylinder, D47, a steam drum, D5, a flue gas purification treatment system, D51, a quenching tower, D52, a dry deacidification tower, D53, a bag-type dust remover, D54, a wet scrubber, D55, an SCR reaction tower, D551, a second ammonia water storage tank, D552, a second ammonia water booster pump, D6, a plasma treatment system, D61, a gasifier feed hopper, D62, a link plate conveyor, D63, a screw conveyor, D64, a plasma gasifier, D65, a gasifier slag conveyor, D7, a chimney, D8, a heater;

E. The waste heat utilization energy-saving system comprises an E3, a flue gas heat exchanger, an E31, a flue gas heat exchanger steam inlet pipe, an E32, a flue gas heat exchanger water outlet pipe, an E4, a boiler water supply system, an E41, a boiler water supply pipe, an E42, a boiler water supply pump, an E43, a boiler water inlet pipe, an E44, a water supply boiler, an E5, a main pipe network, an E6, a cooler, an E7, a deionized water preparation system, an E71, a desalted water inlet pipe, an E72, a deionized water preparation system, an E73, a deionized water tank, an E74, a deionized water pump, an E75, a deionized water supply pipeline, an E8, a deionized water cooling system, an E81, a cooling water inlet pipe, an E82, a heat exchanger, an E83, a cooling water outlet pipe, an E84 and a water supplementing pipe.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

A waste battery recycling and disposal system is shown in combination with fig. 1, and comprises a waste lithium battery echelon utilization production line, a waste lithium battery recycling and disposal system and a hazardous waste incineration disposal system.

The waste lithium batteries are derived from scrapped automobiles (containing new energy automobiles) or waste household appliances, the scrapped automobiles can be disassembled in a specially arranged scrapped automobile disassembling workshop, and the disassembly of the waste household appliances can be performed in a specially arranged scrapped household appliance and electronic product disassembling workshop. The waste lithium battery is one or more of a cylindrical battery, a soft package battery or a square shell battery.

The collected waste lithium batteries should be preferentially utilized in a gradient way, and a small part of waste batteries with small capacity attenuation can be utilized in a gradient way, so that the waste lithium batteries are used in the related fields of power system energy storage, standby power supply of communication base stations, low-speed electric vehicles, small-sized distributed household energy storage, wind-solar complementary street lamps, mobile charging vehicles, electric forklifts and the like. The waste lithium battery echelon utilization production line is used for screening, disassembling and capacity detection of waste lithium batteries, and Pack assembly is carried out on lithium ion single batteries capable of being used in echelon.

1. Echelon utilization production line for waste lithium batteries

The waste lithium battery echelon utilization production line comprises a waste lithium battery disassembling system A for disassembling waste batteries, a capacity-dividing system for carrying out capacity-dividing treatment on battery cells with capacity within a certain range, and a Pack recombination system for enabling qualified single batteries to enter a Pack group.

The waste lithium battery disassembling system A is shown in combination with fig. 2 to 13, and comprises a battery pack disassembling system A1, a module code scanning detecting system A2 and a battery module disassembling system A3 which are sequentially arranged along a production line.

The battery pack disassembling system A1 is used for disassembling waste battery packs into battery modules. The battery pack disassembling system A1 comprises an annular conveying platform A11, a disassembling operation platform A12, a jacking transplanter and a battery module conveying device A14.

The annular conveying platform A11 is used for conveying the waste battery packs, and can adopt a conveying roller mode to convey the waste battery packs. The disassembly operation platform A12 is provided with a plurality of disassembly operation platforms A12, and the disassembly operation platforms A12 are respectively arranged at two sides of the annular conveying platform A11 at intervals and used for transversely conveying waste battery packs so as to facilitate the disassembly of workers. The disassembly operation platform A12 is provided with a conveying mechanism, so that the waste battery packs can be conveyed, and the conveying mechanism can adopt a conveying roller mode. And a jacking transplanter is arranged below the annular conveying platform A11 corresponding to the disassembling operation platform A12 and used for jacking up the waste battery packs and transversely conveying the waste battery packs to the disassembling operation platform A12. The jacking transplanting machine adopts a structure that a conveying mechanism is arranged on a jacking machine, the conveying mechanism adopts a conveying chain, and the conveying chain is arranged between conveying rollers on a disassembling operation platform. The battery module conveying device A14 is arranged below the disassembling operation platform A12 and used for conveying the battery modules disassembled by the staff. The battery module conveyor a14 conveys the battery modules by using a conveyor belt.

The module code scanning detection system A2 is used for scanning code detection on the battery module to judge whether the battery module can be utilized in a gradient manner and continuously disassembled. The module code scanning detection system A2 comprises a first battery module feeding machine A21, a code scanning detection conveying platform A22, a code scanning gun A23 and a first battery module discharging machine A25. The first battery module feeding machine A21 is used for jacking up the battery module and can transversely convey the battery module, the first battery module feeding machine A21 adopts a structure that a conveying mechanism is arranged on a jacking machine, and the conveying mechanism can adopt a conveying roller mode. Sweep a yard detection conveying platform A22 and link up with the discharge end of first battery module material loading machine A21 for carry battery module, sweep a yard detection conveying platform A22 and adopt the mode of conveying roller. The code scanning gun A23 is arranged on the code scanning detection conveying platform A22 and is used for detecting bar code information on the battery module and further judging electric quantity information of the battery module. The first battery module blanking machine A25 is connected with the discharge end of the code scanning detection conveying platform A22. The side of the code scanning detection and conveying platform A22 is also provided with a code scanning analysis system A24 for receiving a code scanning gun A23 signal to judge whether the battery module can be used in a echelon mode, and the signal output end of the code scanning gun A23 is connected with the input end of the code scanning analysis system A24. The code scanning analysis system A24 can adopt a computer, and the code scanning gun A23 collects signals and analyzes the signals through the computer.

A recovery area A6, a discharge area A5 and a first manipulator A41 are arranged between the module code scanning detection system A2 and the battery module disassembling system A3. The recovery area A6 is used for storing the battery modules which can be utilized in a gradient manner, and a box body structure can be adopted. The discharging area A5 is used for deeply discharging the battery module which can be continuously disassembled, and battery discharging equipment is arranged in the discharging area A5. The first manipulator A41 is used for sorting whether the battery modules which can be utilized in a echelon manner and are continuously disassembled are loaded and unloaded, and the controlled end of the first manipulator A41 is connected to the output end of the code scanning analysis system A24 and can perform corresponding actions through the control of the code scanning analysis system A24.

The battery module disassembling system A3 is used for continuously disassembling the battery module which can be continuously disassembled. The battery module disassembling system A3 comprises a second battery module feeding machine A31, a battery module conveyor A35, a second battery module discharging machine A36, a battery module disassembling station and a battery module jacking transplanting machine. The second battery module loading machine A31 is used for jacking up the battery module which can be continuously disassembled and can transversely convey the battery module, a structure that a conveying mechanism is arranged on the jacking machine can be adopted, and a conveying roller is adopted by the conveying mechanism. The battery module conveyor A35 is connected with the discharge end of the second battery module feeding machine A31 and is used for conveying the battery module to be disassembled, and the battery module conveyor A35 adopts a conveying roller mode. The second battery module blanking machine A36 is connected with the discharging end of the battery module conveyor A35 and is used for conveying the disassembled battery cells to the next link.

A plurality of battery module disassembling stations for disassembling the battery modules are arranged on two sides of the battery module conveyor A35. The module disassembling station comprises a module upper cover disassembling station A32, a module outer frame disassembling station A33 and a battery core disassembling station A34, a worker can disassemble an upper cover, a connecting sheet and a screw of the battery module at the upper cover disassembling station 32, the worker can disassemble an outer frame of the battery module at the module outer frame disassembling station A33, and the worker can disassemble a battery core of the battery module at the battery core disassembling station A34.

The battery module disassembling station is provided with a plurality of disassembling tools in a hanging manner. The disassembling tool comprises a pneumatic wrench or a hydraulic clamp, a hydraulic shear, a hydraulic expander and the like.

A battery module jacking transplanter is arranged below the battery module conveyor A35 corresponding to the position of the battery module disassembling station. The battery module jacking transplanter adopts a structure that a conveying mechanism is arranged on a jacking machine, the conveying mechanism adopts a conveying chain mode, and the conveying chain is arranged between conveying rollers on a battery module conveyor. The battery module jacking transplanter is used for jacking the battery module and can transversely convey the battery module to the battery module disassembling station, so that a worker does not need to take the battery module which is conveyed on the battery module conveyor A35 by hands, but the battery module jacking transplanter is used for jacking the battery module and conveying the battery module to the battery module disassembling station, and the battery module jacking transplanter is quite convenient.

A second manipulator A42 for clamping the waste battery pack onto the annular conveying platform A11 is arranged above the feeding end of the annular conveying platform A11; a third manipulator A43 for clamping the battery module to the module code scanning detection system A2 is arranged above the discharging end of the battery module conveying device A14.

The specific structure of the battery pack disassembly system A1 will be described in detail.

As shown in fig. 5 to 12, the endless conveying platform a11 includes an endless frame body a111, a first rotating roller a112, and a first rotating roller driving mechanism. The annular frame body A111 is arranged on the ground through the first support frame A114 and is in an elliptical closed loop shape, a plurality of first rotating rollers A112 used for supporting and conveying waste battery packs are arranged on the annular frame body A111 at intervals, the first rotating rollers A112 are driven through a first rotating roller driving mechanism, and a controlled end of the first rotating roller driving mechanism is connected to an output end of the PLC.

The first rotary roller driving mechanism is divided into a plurality of sections along the ring shape, and each section of the first rotary roller driving mechanism is respectively used for driving the first rotary roller A112 at the position of the section. The first rotating roller driving mechanism comprises chain wheels connected to one end of each first rotating roller A112, chains are sleeved between the chain wheels, one first rotating roller A112 is connected with a first rotating roller driving motor A113, and the chains and the chain wheels are arranged in the annular frame body A111.

The jacking transplanting machine A13 is provided with a plurality of annular conveying platforms A11 which are respectively arranged below the annular conveying platform A11 corresponding to the disassembling operation platform A12 and used for jacking up waste battery packs and transversely conveying the waste battery packs to the disassembling operation platform A12. The jacking transplanting machine A13 comprises a first transmission chain A131 and a second transmission chain A132 which are respectively arranged between two different first rotating rollers A112, the first transmission chain A131 is driven by a first transmission chain driving mechanism, the second transmission chain A132 is driven by a second transmission chain driving mechanism, the first transmission chain driving mechanism and the second transmission chain driving mechanism are respectively arranged on a transmission chain driving shaft positioning frame A133, the bottom end of the transmission chain driving shaft positioning frame A133 is provided with a jacking hydraulic cylinder A134 for driving the transmission chain driving shaft positioning frame A133, the first transmission chain A131 and the second transmission chain A132 to lift, and the controlled ends of the first transmission chain driving mechanism, the second transmission chain driving mechanism and the jacking hydraulic cylinder A134 are respectively connected to the output end of the PLC.

The first transmission chain driving mechanism comprises a first driving sprocket and a first driven sprocket which are respectively matched with the first transmission chain A131, the first driving sprocket and the first driven sprocket are respectively arranged on the transmission chain driving shaft locating frame A133 in a rotating mode through transmission chain driving shafts, and a sprocket driving motor A135 is arranged in a connection with the transmission chain driving shafts connected with the first driving sprocket. The second driving chain driving mechanism comprises a second driving chain wheel and a second driven chain wheel which are respectively matched with the second driving chain A132, the second driving chain wheel and the second driven chain wheel are respectively arranged on the driving chain driving shaft positioning frame A133 in a rotating way through driving chain driving shafts, and the driving chain driving shafts connected with the second driving chain wheel are connected with another chain wheel driving motor.

The disassembly operation platform A12 is provided with a plurality of pieces, is respectively arranged at two sides of the annular conveying platform A11 at intervals and is used for transversely conveying the waste battery packs and facilitating disassembly by workers. The disassembly operation platform A12 comprises a fixed transmission mechanism A121 and a liftable transmission mechanism A122, and the controlled ends of the fixed transmission mechanism A121 and the liftable transmission mechanism A122 are respectively connected with the output end of the PLC. The fixed transmission mechanism A121 corresponds to the position of the jacking transplanting machine A13 and is used for transversely conveying the waste battery packs. The conveying tail end of the fixed transmission mechanism A121 is provided with a lifting transmission mechanism A122 in a connecting mode, and the lifting transmission mechanism A122 can lift and can carry out forward or reverse transmission.

The fixed transmission mechanism A121 comprises a fixed frame A1211 fixedly arranged on the ground, a second rotating roller A1212 transversely arranged on the fixed frame A1211 at intervals, and a second rotating roller driving mechanism for driving the second rotating roller A1212 to rotate, wherein the controlled end of the second rotating roller driving mechanism is connected with the output end of the PLC.

The second rotating roller driving mechanism comprises chain wheels connected with one end of each second rotating roller A1212, a chain is sleeved between the chain wheels, a second rotating roller A1212 is connected with a second rotating roller driving motor A1213, and the chain wheels are arranged in the fixed frame A1211.

The liftable transmission mechanism A122 comprises an L-shaped positioning frame body A1224 fixedly arranged on the ground, two positioning transverse plates A1228 transversely arranged on the vertical inner side wall of the L-shaped positioning frame body A1224 at intervals, a screw rod A1225 rotatably arranged between the two positioning transverse plates A1228, a sliding column A1226 fixedly arranged between the two positioning transverse plates A1228 and a liftable transverse frame body A1221 matched with the screw rod A1225 and slidingly matched with the sliding column A1226, wherein the top end of the screw rod A1225 extends out of the positioning transverse plates and is connected with a lifting motor A1229, a plurality of third rotating rollers A1222 are arranged on the liftable transverse frame body A1221 at intervals in a rotating mode, the third rotating rollers A1222 are driven by a third rotating roller driving mechanism, and controlled ends of the lifting motor A1229 and the third rotating roller driving mechanism are respectively connected to the output end of the PLC.

The inner side wall of the L-shaped positioning frame body A1224 is also provided with a sliding groove A1227, and the liftable transverse frame body A1221 is provided with a sliding block matched with the sliding groove A1227. The third rotating roller driving mechanism comprises chain wheels connected to one end of each third rotating roller A1222, chains are sleeved between the chain wheels, one third rotating roller A1222 is connected with a third rotating roller driving motor A1223, and the chains and the chain wheels are arranged in the liftable transverse frame body A1221.

The L-shaped positioning frame body A1224 is also fixedly provided with a position detection mechanism A123 for detecting the descending position of the liftable transverse frame body A1221, and the output end of the position detection mechanism A123 is connected with the input end of the PLC controller. The position detecting mechanism a123 includes a position sensor positioning plate a1232 fixedly disposed on a lateral wall of the transverse plate of the L-shaped positioning frame a1224 and a position sensor a1231 disposed on a vertical inner sidewall of the position sensor positioning plate a1232, and an output end of the position sensor a1231 is connected to an input end of the PLC controller. When the liftable transverse frame body a1221 descends to the position of the position sensor a1231, the position sensor a1231 feeds back the detected position information to the PLC controller, and the PLC controller controls the lifting motor a1229 to stop operating after receiving the detection information.

The invention is characterized in that a plurality of control switches are respectively and independently arranged on an L-shaped positioning frame body A1224 of each disassembling operation platform A12, and the control switches can control a jacking transplanting machine A13, a fixed transmission mechanism A121, a lifting motor A1229 and a third rotating roller driving motor A1223.

The battery module conveying device A14 is arranged below the disassembling operation platform A12 and is used for conveying the battery modules disassembled by the staff.

The battery module conveying device A14 comprises a conveying frame body A141, a rotating shaft, a conveying belt A142, a conveying belt driving motor A145 and an adjustable baffle A143. The conveying frame body a141 is disposed below the fixed transmission mechanism a 121. The axis of rotation is provided with a plurality of, rotates respectively and sets up on conveying support body A141, and the rotation axis connection is provided with conveyer belt driving motor A145, and the controlled end of conveyer belt driving motor A145 is connected in the output of PLC controller. The conveyor belt A142 is sleeved on the rotating shaft and used for conveying the disassembled battery modules. The adjustable baffle A143 is provided with a pair of, respectively through a plurality of adjusting part A144 location setting in conveyer belt A142's top both sides, can adjust the interval between to adapt to multiple type battery module. The top end surface of the adjustable shutter a143 is lower than the position where the position detecting mechanism a123 is located. The outer side wall of the adjustable baffle A143 is provided with a strip-shaped positioning groove A1431.

The adjusting component A144 comprises a transverse fixing column A1441 fixedly arranged on the outer side wall of the conveying frame body A141 and a vertical fixing column A1442 vertically and fixedly arranged on the transverse fixing column A1441, a sliding hole is transversely formed in the outer side wall of the vertical fixing column A1442 in a penetrating mode, a movable adjusting column A1444 is transversely arranged in the sliding hole in a sliding mode, and the tail end of the movable adjusting column A1444 is fixedly connected with an adjusting plate A1445 fixedly arranged in the positioning groove A1431 in a positioning mode. The top end of the vertical fixing column A1442 is provided with a threaded hole and is provided with a locking bolt A1443 in a threaded fit mode, and the locking bolt A1443 is used for locking and positioning the movable adjusting column A1444.

A fourth manipulator is arranged above one side of the annular conveying platform A11 and is used for clamping the waste battery pack onto the annular conveying platform A11. A fifth manipulator is arranged above the conveying end of the battery module conveying device A14 and is used for clamping the battery module on the battery module conveying device A14 to the next link.

In addition, the annular frame body A111 corresponding to the position of the disassembly operation platform A12 is respectively provided with a waste battery pack position detection device, the waste battery pack position detection device is a proximity switch, and the output end of the proximity switch is connected with the input end of the PLC. When the battery pack is conveyed to the position, the proximity switch can detect the position of the waste battery pack and feed back detection signals to the PLC.

When the waste lithium battery disassembling system A disassembles the waste battery pack, the second manipulator A42 clamps the waste battery pack onto the annular conveying platform A11, and when the waste battery pack is conveyed to the disassembling operation platform A12, the jacking transplanting machine jacks up the waste battery pack and conveys the waste battery pack onto the disassembling operation platform A12. The staff disassembles the waste battery pack on the disassembling operation platform A12, and puts the disassembled battery module on the battery module conveying device A14 for conveying.

After the battery module is conveyed to the tail end of the battery module conveying device A14, the battery module is clamped onto the first battery module feeding machine A21 of the module code scanning detection system A2 by the third manipulator A43. The first battery module loading machine A21 jacks up the battery module and conveys the battery module to the code scanning detection conveying platform A22, a worker detects electric quantity information of the battery module by adopting the code scanning gun A23, the code scanning gun A23 feeds detection signals back to the code scanning analysis system A24, and the code scanning analysis system A24 analyzes the detection signals to judge whether the battery module can be utilized in a gradient mode.

If the battery module can be utilized in a ladder manner, the code scanning analysis system A24 controls the first manipulator A41 to convey the battery module to the recycling area A6 for recycling. The modules which can be utilized in a echelon mode are stacked according to a set standard and then pulled to a designated area.

If the battery module is not available in the ladder, the code scanning analysis system a24 controls the first manipulator a41 to convey the battery module to the discharge area A5 for deep discharge.

Then, the first manipulator a41 conveys the discharged battery module to the battery module disassembling system A3 for battery cell disassembly. The battery module is jacked up and conveyed by the second battery module feeding machine A31, conveyed to a battery module disassembling station by the battery module conveying machine A35, disassembled by using a pneumatic wrench or hydraulic pliers, hydraulic shears and a hydraulic expander, disassembled by a plurality of battery module disassembling stations, disassembled of battery cells is realized, and finally conveyed to a lower link by the second battery module blanking machine A36.

The capacity-dividing system and the Pack recombination system can adopt the existing system and structure, and when the Pack recombination system of the invention carries out Pack recombination on the single battery after capacity division: and combining and packaging the battery cells with different numbers according to different capacities of the batteries or the battery packs required by customers, and additionally installing a protection plate on the periphery of the combined battery cells, wherein a protection wire is welded on the battery cells for facilitating the use of the batteries by customers, the welding process is soldering tin of an electric soldering iron, and a matched battery management system is equipped at the same time, so that the module/system for storing energy is a finished product.

The waste battery recovering and disposing process includes the steps of utilizing waste battery, and the steps are shown in FIG. 13:

and disassembling the waste lithium batteries, sequentially disassembling the waste battery packs into single batteries by using a waste lithium battery disassembling system A, performing code scanning detection on the single batteries to judge whether the single batteries can be utilized in a echelon manner and continuously disassembled, and outputting the disassembled single batteries. The recovered power lithium battery module is manually disassembled into a battery cell, a battery box, copper wires and screws by using tools such as a screwdriver, a wrench and the like. Wherein, a small amount of broken cells can be disassembled, accounting for 0.5% of the disassembled amount, and the broken cells are collected and then enter a recycling recovery procedure for further treatment.

And (3) manually screening the disassembled battery box, copper wires, single batteries and screws, classifying the intact and damaged single batteries respectively, collecting and storing the damaged single batteries in a disqualified battery storage area, and entering a recycling recovery process for further treatment.

And (3) capacity detection: and detecting the capacity of the intact single battery cells through a capacity detection system, judging whether the single battery cells can be utilized in a gradient manner, dividing the battery cells into more than 40% and less than 40% of electric quantity according to detection results, utilizing the battery cells with the capacity of more than 40% in a gradient manner, and collecting the battery cells with the electric quantity of less than 40% and then entering a recycling recovery procedure for further treatment.

And (3) capacity division: and storing energy of the single batteries capable of being utilized in a gradient manner in the capacity-dividing region through the capacity-dividing system, and recovering the battery capacity of the single batteries. The battery cell with the capacity of more than 40 percent is stored in the capacity division area, and the battery capacity of 70 to 80 percent can be recovered.

Matching: and (3) carrying out data analysis on the electrical property, short circuit, safety performance and the like of the single battery, and enabling the qualified lithium ion single battery to enter a Pack process.

Pack: and carrying out Pack matching on the qualified single batteries through a Pack recombination system.

The Pack recombination system in the invention carries out Pack recombination on the separated single battery, and comprises the following steps: the module manipulator stacking station conveys single batteries after capacity division to a side plate manual installation station, conveys single batteries after capacity division to carry out side plate installation, codes are printed by a laser coding station, a pole column is cleaned by a pole column laser cleaning station, a busbar is installed by a busbar manual installation station, a busbar and pole column are welded by a busbar and pole column welding station, CPC installation is carried out by a CPC manual installation station, CPC welding is carried out by a CPC laser welding station, welding quality is detected by a CPC welding station, welding quality is carried out by a defective discharge repairing welding station, welding is carried out again by a BOL testing station, and a module is arranged on an upper cover by a manipulator.

The invention carries out Pack recombination on the single battery to form a finished product, and stores the finished product in a warehouse.

2. Recycling recovery production line for waste lithium batteries

The waste lithium battery recycling production line is, as shown in fig. 14 to 26, for recycling lithium ion single batteries which cannot be utilized in a cascade and waste lithium ion single batteries generated in the running process of the waste lithium battery cascade utilization production line.

The waste lithium battery recycling production line comprises a waste single battery crushing system B and a wet extraction system C. The waste single battery crushing system B is used for physically crushing the lithium ion single battery, and recycling valuable graphite powder, copper foil and aluminum foil in crushed materials is achieved. The wet extraction system C is used for receiving the nickel-cobalt powder output by the waste single battery crushing system B, and recycling sulfate in the nickel-cobalt powder.

The waste single battery crushing system B is shown in combination with fig. 14 to 21 and comprises a battery crusher B2, a low-temperature baking furnace B3, a first hammer mill B5, a first linear screen B6, a magnetic separation mechanism B11, a second hammer mill B12, a cyclone dust collector B13, a drum screen B14 and a gravity separation system. The battery crusher B2 is connected with the low-temperature baking furnace B3, the low-temperature baking furnace B3 is connected with the first hammer mill B5, the first linear screen B6 is connected with the magnetic separation mechanism B11, the magnetic separation mechanism B11 is connected with the second hammer mill B12, the second hammer mill B12 is connected with the rotary screen B14, and the rotary screen B14 is connected with the gravity separation system through conveying mechanisms.

The battery crusher B2 is characterized in that a first shovel type conveying mechanism B1 which is obliquely arranged is arranged above a feed inlet of the battery crusher B2, a conveying belt is arranged on the first shovel type conveying mechanism B1, and waste single batteries are conveyed into the battery crusher B2 through conveying of the conveying belt. The lower position of the first shovel type conveying mechanism B1 is provided with a feeding platform B1a and a discharging platform B1B. The feeding platform B1a is a hydraulic feeding platform, and the discharging platform B1B is a pneumatic gate valve discharging platform.

And the battery crusher B2 is used for crushing the input waste single batteries. The bottom end of the battery breaker B2 is provided with an electrolyte outlet and is communicated with a condensation recovery system B10 for recovering and disposing the electrolyte. The condensation recovery system B10 of the present invention may be a system of the prior art, and will not be described herein.

And the low-temperature baking furnace B3 is connected with a discharge hole of the battery crusher B2 and is used for drying the crushed materials of the battery crusher so as to evaporate and decompose electrolyte in the crushed materials. And the first hammer mill B5 is connected with a discharge port of the low-temperature baking furnace B3 and is used for carrying out primary hammer milling on the dried material. And the first linear screen B6 is connected with a discharge hole of the first hammer mill B5 and is used for carrying out primary screening on the primary hammer-milled material. And the magnetic separation mechanism B11 is connected with a discharge hole of the first hammer mill B5 and is used for carrying out magnetic separation on the first-stage hammer-milled material so as to separate out the steel shell. The magnetic separation mechanism B11 comprises a magnetic separator B111 and a magnetic separation conveyor arranged between the first hammer mill B5 and the second hammer mill B12, wherein the magnetic separator B111 is arranged on the magnetic separation conveyor, and the magnetic separation conveyor is used for carrying out magnetic separation on materials in the process of conveying the materials. And the second hammer mill B12 is connected with a discharge hole of the magnetic separation mechanism B11 and is used for carrying out secondary hammer milling on the magnetically separated materials. In the invention, the first hammer mill B5 and the second hammer mill B12 are hammer crushers. The cyclone dust collector B13 is connected with a discharge port of the second hammer mill B12 and is used for carrying out primary separation treatment on granular copper aluminum foil, diaphragm paper and positive and negative electrode powder. The rotary screen B14 is connected with a discharge port of the cyclone dust collector B13 and is used for separating and outputting positive and negative electrode mixture. And the gravity separation system is connected with the discharge port of the rotary screen B14 and is used for roughly separating and respectively recovering copper foil and aluminum foil in the residual materials.

The battery breaker B2 and the low temperature baking furnace B3 are provided with a first negative pressure adsorption system for carrying out negative pressure adsorption collection on waste gas in the production process, the first hammer mill B5, the first linear screen B6, the magnetic separation mechanism B11, the second hammer mill B12, the rotary screen B14 and the gravity separation system are provided with a second negative pressure adsorption system for carrying out negative pressure adsorption collection on waste gas in the production process, the first negative pressure adsorption system is connected with a waste gas treatment system B4 for treating waste gas, and the second negative pressure adsorption system and the cyclone collector B13 are connected with a dust collection treatment system B16 for treating collected dust.

The first negative pressure adsorption system B17 positioned above the battery crusher B2 and the low-temperature baking furnace B3 is connected with an ultralow temperature condensation system for collecting the gas in a desublimation mode, and the tail gas discharge end of the ultralow temperature condensation system is communicated with the waste gas treatment system B4.

According to the invention, the second conveying mechanism B18 and the third conveying mechanism B19 are arranged between the battery crusher B2 and the low-temperature baking furnace B3, the second conveying mechanism B18 and the third conveying mechanism B19 are both scraper conveyors, the second conveying mechanism B18 and the third conveying mechanism B19 are respectively arranged obliquely upwards from the material input end to the material output end, the material output end of the second conveying mechanism B18 is positioned above the material output end of the third conveying mechanism B19, a certain interval is arranged between the second conveying mechanism B18 and the third conveying mechanism B19, and the materials output by the second conveying mechanism B18 fall onto the third conveying mechanism B19 to be thrown, so that the materials are more loose, and the subsequent baking process is facilitated. And a collecting cover is arranged above the third conveying mechanism B19 and is used for collecting the gas in the process, and the collected gas is directly conveyed to an ultralow temperature condensing system.

The first negative pressure adsorption system comprises a negative pressure collecting cover B171, a negative pressure adsorption pipe and a negative pressure motor. The negative pressure collecting cover B171 is located above the battery crusher B2 and the low temperature baking furnace B3, and the negative pressure collecting cover B171 is also provided above the second conveying mechanism B18 and the third conveying mechanism B19.

A fourth conveying mechanism B20 is arranged between the low-temperature baking furnace B3 and the first hammer mill B5, and the fourth conveying mechanism B20 is also a scraper conveyor. A collecting hood is arranged above the fourth conveying mechanism B20, and the collecting hood is also communicated with the ultralow temperature condensing system.

A fifth conveying mechanism B21 is arranged between the cyclone dust collector B13 and the rotary screen B14, the fifth conveying mechanism B21 is also a scraper conveyor, and the input end to the output end of the fifth conveying mechanism B21 are obliquely upwards arranged and are used for conveying materials discharged from the cyclone dust collector B13 to the rotary screen B14.

The rotary screen B14 is obliquely arranged and comprises an outer cylinder and a screen cylinder arranged in the outer cylinder, the feeding end of the rotary screen B14 is communicated with the top end of the outer cylinder, the discharging end of the rotary screen B14 is communicated with the bottom end of the screen cylinder, namely, the rotary screen B14 conveys materials meeting the specified granularity (namely, powder mixed by positive and negative electrodes) to the next link through the screen cylinder, namely, the rotary screen B14 outputs materials not meeting the specified granularity (namely, powder with smaller diameter) from the outer cylinder. And the bottom end of the outer cylinder is communicated with a transversely arranged screw conveyer, and after the powder with smaller diameter falls into the screw conveyer, the powder is output under the conveying action of the screw conveyer and is collected by the ton bag.

The discharging end of the rotary screen B14 is connected with a second linear screen B15 which is used for screening materials output by the rotary screen B14 again.

The materials output from the second linear screen B15 directly fall into the first spiral conveyer belt B82, the first spiral conveyer belt B82 is an obliquely arranged spiral conveyer, an auger is arranged in the first spiral conveyer belt B, and the auger is driven to rotate by a driving motor to convey the materials.

A discharge hole is formed in the side wall of the top end of the first spiral conveying belt B82, and the discharge hole of the first spiral conveying belt B82 is communicated with the gravity separation system.

The gravity separation system comprises a first gravity separator B7, a second gravity separator B8, a first spiral conveyer belt B82, a second spiral conveyer belt B83, a third spiral conveyer belt B84 and a cylindrical screen B81. After the first gravity separator B7 coarsely separates and respectively recovers copper foil and aluminum foil in the materials, the separated residual materials are input into the cylindrical screen B81 for material screening, fine dust in the materials is removed, the residual materials are input into the second gravity separator B8 for secondary screening, and then screening effect is guaranteed.

The invention relates to a waste single battery crushing process, the flow chart of which is shown in fig. 16, comprising the following steps:

Feeding: and the waste single batteries are conveyed into a battery crusher B2 by adopting a first shovel type conveying mechanism B1.

Rough breaking: coarsely crushing the waste single batteries by using a battery crusher B2; in the coarse breaking process, the fire is inhibited by the introduced inert gas. And (3) adopting multipoint nitrogen filling protection during coarse breaking, and configuring flame, temperature and oxygen transmitters for linkage to control the feeding amount of the nitrogen filling.

According to the invention, while nitrogen is protected, the oxygen detection system is arranged in the battery breaker B2, the oxygen detection system can be an oxygen sensor with a high temperature resistance function, the oxygen content in the battery breaker B2 is detected through the oxygen detection system, and the nitrogen content in the battery breaker B2 is determined through detecting the oxygen content value, namely, when the oxygen content is high, the nitrogen content in the battery breaker B2 is low, and vice versa. The invention also provides an emergency protection spraying device and an emergency stopping device.

And (3) electrolyte recovery: and the battery breaker B2 discharges electrolyte mixed in the roughly broken material to the condensation recovery system B10 for condensation recovery.

Baking at low temperature: and (3) conveying the coarsely broken material to a low-temperature baking furnace B3 in a full-closed mode, drying and evaporating electrolyte, and conveying the dried material in the next full-closed mode.

And (3) ultralow temperature condensation: the gas generated in the course of coarse cracking and low-temperature baking is firstly introduced into an ultralow-temperature condensing system through micro negative pressure gas collection, the liquid phase which is sublimated is collected, then the tail gas is discharged into a waste gas treatment system B4, and after cooling, washing, UV photodecomposition and active carbon treatment, the tail gas reaches the emission standard and is discharged into the atmosphere.

Primary hammer mill: the dried material is conveyed into a first hammer mill B5 in a full-closed manner to be ground, and the aperture of a discharge sieve is 8mm.

Sorting magnetic shells: and synchronously carrying out magnetic separation on the materials subjected to primary grinding in the process of conveying the lower section, and separating out the steel shell.

Secondary grinding: the materials after the magnetic shell is removed are conveyed in a full-closed mode, enter a second hammer mill B12 for secondary grinding, the separation of anode powder and cathode powder from copper aluminum foil is completed, the copper aluminum foil is kneaded into spherical particles, and the diameter of a discharging sieve hole is 3mm.

Winnowing: and (3) sealing the materials in the step S8, sending the materials into a cyclone dust collector B13, and performing primary sorting treatment on granular copper aluminum foil, diaphragm paper and anode and cathode powder.

And (3) recycling anode and cathode powder: the materials after winnowing enter a roller screen B14 for sorting, powder mixed by positive and negative electrodes is output, and the powder is collected by a ton bag.

And (3) recycling diaphragm paper: and (3) recycling the diaphragm paper separated in the step (S10) by adopting a simple turnover box.

And (3) recovering copper aluminum foil: and (5) the materials after the diaphragm paper is removed are conveyed to a gravity separation system, copper foil and aluminum foil are roughly separated and respectively recovered.

Dust collection treatment: and (3) adsorbing the dust-containing gas in the whole process by a negative pressure fan, and then enabling the adsorbed gas to enter a dust collection treatment system for powder recovery and treatment, and discharging the recovered gas after reaching the standard.

The removal rate of electrolyte in the reclaimed powder is more than or equal to 99 percent.

The wet extraction system C, as shown in connection with fig. 22 to 26, includes a leaching device C1, an extraction device C2, and a lithium carbonate production device C3.

And the leaching device C1 is used for removing aluminum and iron from the nickel cobalt powder after battery crushing and sorting. The leaching apparatus C1 includes a leaching tank C11, a first impurity removal tank C13, a first filter press C14, a first washing tank C15, a second impurity removal tank C16, a second filter press C17, and a second washing tank C18.

And the leaching tank C11 is used for adding concentrated sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide to carry out acid leaching on the nickel cobalt powder. In the pickling process, steam is introduced through a steam pipeline, and heating is performed through the steam.

And the first impurity removal tank C13 is used for mixing the leached material in the leaching tank C11 with sodium carbonate from the sodium carbonate preparation tank so that aluminum and iron react with the sodium carbonate to generate iron slag and aluminum slag.

And the first filter press C14 is used for carrying out solid-liquid separation on the mixed materials in the first impurity removal tank C13. After solid-liquid separation by a filter press, the residual materials do not contain aluminum and iron any more, so that the purposes of aluminum removal and iron removal are achieved.

The first washing tank C15 is connected with a slag outlet of the first filter press C14 and is used for washing filter residues after solid-liquid separation of the first filter press C14 to obtain iron slag and aluminum slag.

And the second impurity removing tank C16 is used for mixing the filtrate after the solid-liquid separation of the first filter press C14 and the added sodium fluoride, so that calcium, magnesium and lithium in the filtrate react with the sodium fluoride to generate calcium fluoride, magnesium fluoride and lithium fluoride sediments.

The liquid outlet of the second filter press C17 is connected with the extraction device C2, and the second filter press C17 is used for carrying out solid-liquid separation on the mixed materials in the second impurity removal tank C16.

And the second washing tank C18 is connected with a slag outlet of the second filter press C17 and is used for washing filter residues after solid-liquid separation of the second filter press C17 to obtain fluoride sediments, wherein the fluoride sediments comprise calcium fluoride, magnesium fluoride and lithium fluoride sediments. The slag outlet of the second washing tank C18 is connected with a lithium carbonate production device C3.

A first pipeline for leading the slag washing water in the first washing tank C15 to the first impurity removal tank C13 is connected between the first washing tank C15 and the first impurity removal tank C13, and a first conveying pump is arranged on the first pipeline.

And the extraction device C2 is connected with the liquid outlet end of the leaching device C1 and is used for extracting the leached filtrate (the extractant is purchased in the market, and the extraction process is the existing process) so as to obtain nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate and manganese sulfate products. The extraction device C2 comprises a manganese sulfate extraction box C21, a cobalt sulfate extraction box C22 and a manganese sulfate extraction box C23.

The manganese sulfate extraction boxes C21 are sequentially connected and provided with a plurality of liquid outlets of the second filter press C17 and are used for adding a P204 extractant to extract leaching solution to obtain P204 raffinate and a P204 loaded organic phase, and adding sulfuric acid to back-extract the P204 loaded organic phase to obtain a manganese sulfate product.

The cobalt sulfate extraction boxes C22 are sequentially connected and provided with a plurality of raffinate outlets connected with the manganese sulfate extraction boxes C21 and are used for adding a P507 extractant to extract the P204 raffinate discharged from the manganese sulfate extraction boxes C21 to obtain P507 raffinate and a P507 loaded organic phase, and adding sulfuric acid to strip the P507 loaded organic phase to obtain a cobalt sulfate product.

The nickel sulfate extraction boxes C23 are sequentially connected and provided with a plurality of raffinate outlets connected with the cobalt sulfate extraction boxes C22 and are used for adding a P204 extractant to extract the P507 raffinate discharged by the cobalt sulfate extraction boxes C22 to obtain a P204 loaded organic phase, and adding sulfuric acid to back extract the P204 loaded organic phase to obtain a nickel sulfate product.

The discharge end of the extraction device C2 is connected with a sulfate crystallization kettle C24 for concentrating and crystallizing the nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate and manganese sulfate solution obtained by extraction respectively.

The sulfate crystallization kettle C24 is provided with three, and is respectively connected with the discharge ends of the manganese sulfate extraction box C21, the cobalt sulfate extraction box C22 and the nickel sulfate extraction box C23.

The discharge end of the sulfate crystallization kettle C24 is connected with a first flash dryer C25 for rapidly drying the crystallized sulfate. The top of the first flash dryer C25 is provided with a cloth bag dust collector, and dust generated in the drying process is collected by a cloth bag dust collection and is sold as a product.

A second pipeline for introducing slag washing water in the second washing tank C18 into the manganese sulfate extraction tank C21 is arranged between the second washing tank C18 and the manganese sulfate extraction tank C21, and a second conveying pump is arranged on the second pipeline.

And the lithium carbonate production device C3 is connected with the slag outlet end of the leaching device C1 and is used for treating the leached fluoride sediments to obtain lithium carbonate. The lithium carbonate production plant C3 includes a lithium treatment tank C31, a first filter C32, a carbonation reaction tank C33, a second filter C34, and a second flash dryer C35.

And the lithium treatment tank C31 is connected with a slag outlet of the second washing tank C18 and is used for carrying out chlorination reaction on fluoride sediments. And adding hydrochloric acid into the calcium fluoride, magnesium fluoride and lithium fluoride sediment in the leaching process in a lithium treatment tank for reaction to generate lithium chloride, calcium fluoride and magnesium fluoride sediment which does not react with the hydrochloric acid.

The first filter C32 is connected with a discharge port of the lithium treatment tank C31 and is used for carrying out solid-liquid separation on the mixed materials in the lithium treatment tank C31, generating calcium fluoride and magnesium fluoride precipitate which do not react with hydrochloric acid, and filtering out calcium fluoride and magnesium fluoride residues.

And a carbonation reaction tank C33 connected with the liquid outlet end of the first filter C32 and used for carrying out carbonation reaction on the LiCl solution filtered by the first filter C32. And adding solid sodium carbonate into the LiCl solution to carry out carbonation reaction, so as to obtain lithium carbonate precipitate.

And the second filter C34 is connected with a discharge port of the carbonation reaction tank C33 and is used for filtering the lithium carbonate precipitate.

And the second flash dryer C35 is connected with a slag outlet of the second filter C34 and is used for flash drying of the lithium carbonate precipitate. The top end of the second flash dryer C35 is also provided with a cloth bag dust collector, and dust generated in the drying process is collected by a cloth bag dust collection and is sold as a product.

And sequentially carrying out a leaching process, an extraction process and a lithium carbonate production process on the nickel cobalt powder after battery crushing and sorting, and finally carrying out flash evaporation and drying to obtain a lithium carbonate product.

The invention recycles the lithium ion single batteries which cannot be utilized in a cascade and the waste lithium ion single batteries generated in the operation process of a waste lithium battery cascade utilization production line, and the specific process comprises the following steps:

Acid leaching discharge: and (3) putting the lithium ion single battery into a dilute acid soaking tank, and performing acid leaching and discharging for a certain time. The step comprises primary acid leaching discharge and secondary acid leaching discharge, wherein the time of each acid leaching discharge is 4d.

Washing: and (3) putting the lithium ion single battery subjected to acid leaching discharge into a water washing tank for water washing.

The invention can also be subjected to primary roasting before crushing, roasting and sorting: putting the washed waste lithium batteries into a roasting furnace for roasting, and decomposing the binder (main component PVDC) and electrolyte (organic solvent) in the batteries at high temperature to obtain gas containing organic gas and CO ₂ And water, etc. The pretreatment process of the waste lithium battery by acid leaching discharge, water washing and baking is shown in fig. 23.

Crushing, roasting and sorting: and physically crushing and sorting the lithium ion single battery to obtain steel shell, aluminum foil, copper sheet, graphite powder and nickel-cobalt-containing powder.

And the nickel-cobalt-containing powder sequentially passes through a leaching process, an extraction process and a lithium carbonate production process, and finally the lithium carbonate product is prepared after flash evaporation and drying.

2.1 Leaching step

Referring to fig. 24, the leaching process is mainly divided into 5 sections, and the operation sequence of the sections is briefly described as follows:

1) Acid leaching: and (3) putting the pretreated nickel-cobalt powder into a leaching tank, adding concentrated sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide into the leaching tank for intermittent leaching, leaching the nickel-cobalt powder and supersaturated sulfuric acid to form soluble sulfate, and entering the solution.

2) Removing aluminum and iron: the materials are mixed with sodium carbonate from a sodium carbonate preparation tank in a impurity removal tank through a pump, so that aluminum and iron react with sodium carbonate to generate iron slag (sodium-iron-vanadium) and leaching slag such as aluminum slag (aluminum carbonate is decomposed into aluminum hydroxide when meeting water), and the leaching slag enters a solution, and after solid-liquid separation by a filter press, the residual materials are free of aluminum and iron, thereby achieving the purposes of removing aluminum and removing iron.

3) Removing calcium, magnesium, lithium and slag: adding sodium fluoride into the filtrate obtained in the previous process step, and mixing in a impurity removal tank to enable calcium, magnesium and lithium to react with the sodium fluoride to generate calcium fluoride, magnesium fluoride and lithium fluoride sediments, and carrying out solid-liquid separation by a filter press to achieve the purposes of removing calcium, magnesium and lithium.

4) And (3) filtering and separating: after solid-liquid separation, calcium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, lithium fluoride sediment and filtrate are produced, and the sediment is washed by water and then enters into the lithium carbonate working procedure.

2.2 extraction procedure

As shown in FIG. 25, ca and Mn were extracted with a P204 extractant, co was extracted with a P507 extractant, and Ni, ca and Mn were extracted with P204. The nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate and manganese sulfate products obtained by extraction are respectively dried by a flash dryer, the drying temperature is about 200 ℃, and the drying heat source is steam generated by the waste heat boiler. Dust generated in the drying process is collected by adopting a cloth bag for dust collection and is sold as a product.

2.3 lithium carbonate production procedure

As shown in fig. 26, the lithium carbonate production process includes:

1) Chlorination reaction: adding hydrochloric acid into the calcium fluoride, magnesium fluoride and lithium fluoride sediment in the leaching process in a lithium treatment tank for reaction for 2 hours to generate lithium chloride, calcium fluoride and magnesium fluoride sediment which does not react with the hydrochloric acid.

2) Carbonation reaction: the generated calcium fluoride and magnesium fluoride precipitate does not react with hydrochloric acid, and calcium fluoride and magnesium fluoride slag are filtered out. Adding solid sodium carbonate into LiCl solution to carry out carbonation reaction at 50 ℃ for 2 hours to generate Li ₂ CO ₃ Is a precipitate of (a) and (b).

3) Flash drying: li (Li) ₂ CO ₃ The precipitate is filtered, flash evaporated and dried to obtain the product lithium carbonate (Li) ₂ CO ₃ ). The filtrate generated by filtration is sent to a sewage treatment station for treatment; the flash evaporation drying temperature is about 200 ℃, the drying heat source is steam generated by the waste heat boiler, and dust generated in the drying process is collected by a cloth bag for collection and is sold as a product.

3. Dangerous waste incineration disposal system

And the hazardous waste incineration disposal system is used for incinerating hazardous waste generated in the operation process of the waste lithium battery echelon utilization production line and the waste lithium battery recycling production line. The invention adopts an incineration mode to dispose dangerous waste with low recovery value or difficult recovery and utilization and a certain heat value.

The hazardous waste incineration disposal system is shown in combination with fig. 27, and comprises a pretreatment and feeding system D1, a rotary kiln incineration system D2 and a plasma disposal system D6 which are respectively connected with the discharge end of the pretreatment and feeding system D1, wherein the air outlet ends of the rotary kiln incineration system D2 and the plasma disposal system D6 are communicated with a waste heat boiler D4 for carrying out waste heat recovery on heat in high-temperature flue gas, the air outlet end of the waste heat boiler D4 is communicated with a flue gas purification treatment system D5, and the flue gas purification treatment system D5 is connected with a chimney D7 for exhausting.

The air outlet ends of the rotary kiln incineration system D2 and the plasma treatment system D6 are communicated with a secondary combustion chamber D3 for thoroughly decomposing dioxin pollutants, and the air outlet end of the secondary combustion chamber D3 is communicated with the air inlet end of the waste heat boiler D4.

The waste heat boiler D4 is provided with a non-catalytic reduction SNCR device, and the non-catalytic reduction SNCR device is fully contacted and reacted with nitrogen oxides in the flue gas at a high temperature so as to primarily remove the nitrogen oxides in the flue gas.

The non-catalytic reduction SNCR device comprises an ammonia spraying port arranged on the waste heat boiler D4, a denitration spray gun D41 arranged at the ammonia spraying port, and an ammonia water storage tank D42 communicated with the denitration spray gun D41 through an ammonia water conveying pipeline, wherein an ammonia water booster pump D43 is arranged on the ammonia water conveying pipeline.

The flue gas purification treatment system D5 is also provided with an SCR reaction tower D55 for further removing nitrogen oxides in the flue gas. The flue gas purifying treatment system D5 comprises a quenching tower D51, a dry deacidification tower D52, a bag-type dust remover D53 and a wet scrubbing tower D54. The quenching tower D51 is communicated with the air outlet end of the waste heat boiler D4. The quenching spray gun spraying system is arranged in the quenching tower D51, industrial water is used as a cooling medium, the flue gas is rapidly cooled, a temperature range of a dioxin regeneration reaction is avoided, and the purposes of inhibiting the regeneration of dioxin and reducing the concentration of tail gas dioxin are achieved. The dry deacidification tower D52 is communicated with the air outlet end of the quenching tower D51. Spraying slaked lime powder, mixing with fume to deacidify and neutralize to eliminate partial acid pollutant. The cloth bag dust remover D53 is communicated with the air outlet end of the dry deacidification tower D52, and captures most of dust in the flue gas. The wet scrubber D54 is communicated with the air outlet end of the bag-type dust collector D53. The wet scrubber D54 is internally provided with a circulating water spraying mechanism and an alkali liquor spraying mechanism, the flue gas is cooled by spraying water through the circulating water spraying mechanism, and most acidic pollutants in the flue gas are removed through the alkali liquor spraying mechanism.

The air outlet end of the wet scrubber D54 is connected with a heater D8 through a pipeline, and the air outlet end of the heater D8 is connected with a chimney D7 through a pipeline. The SCR reaction tower D55 is arranged between the bag-type dust remover D53 and the wet-process washing tower D54; the SCR reaction tower D55 is provided with a second ammonia water storage tank D551 through a second ammonia water conveying pipeline, and a second ammonia water booster pump D552 is arranged on the second ammonia water conveying pipeline.

The pretreatment and feeding system D1 comprises a compatibility pit D11, a crusher D13, a compatibility grab D12, a feeding grab D14 and a hazardous liquid feeding mechanism D16. The compatibility pit D11 is used for compatibility of solid or semisolid dangerous wastes. The hazardous liquid pit D15 is used for storing hazardous liquid. The crusher D13 is used for crushing solid or semi-solid hazardous waste. The compatibility grab bucket D12 is used for grabbing solid or semisolid dangerous wastes in the compatibility pit D11 to the crusher D13. The feeding grab bucket D14 is used for grabbing the crushed hazardous waste to the rotary kiln incineration system D2 and the plasma disposal system D6. The crusher is a shearing crusher, and the whole crushing process consists of a crushing system, an electric control system, a machine seat, a hopper, a maintenance platform, a guardrail and the like. In order to minimize the explosion risk or the risk of burning of existing special substances, the crusher is provided with nitrogen protection means, which will reduce the oxygen concentration in the feed system and crushing silo by injecting nitrogen. The crushing workshop is provided with independent air draft for negative pressure air draft, and generated waste gas is pumped to the incineration system as air supply.

The hazardous liquid pit D15 supplies hazardous liquid into the rotary kiln incineration system D2 and the plasma disposal system D6 through the hazardous liquid feeding mechanism D16, respectively.

The hazardous liquid feeding mechanism D16 comprises an activated carbon adsorption system D161 communicated with the discharge end of the hazardous liquid pit D15, and a first waste solvent storage tank D162 and a second waste solvent storage tank D165 communicated with the discharge end of the activated carbon adsorption system D161, wherein the first waste solvent storage tank D162 is used for providing hazardous liquid for the rotary kiln incineration system D2 through a first hazardous liquid pipeline, a first waste solvent booster pump D163 is arranged on the first hazardous liquid pipeline, the second waste solvent storage tank D165 is used for providing hazardous liquid for the plasma disposal system D6 through a second hazardous liquid pipeline, and a second waste solvent booster pump D166 is arranged on the second hazardous liquid pipeline.

The rotary kiln incineration system D2 comprises a rotary kiln D22 and a rotary kiln feeding system D21 communicated with the feeding end of the rotary kiln D22, and a slag outlet of the rotary kiln D22 is connected with a rotary kiln slag conveyor D23.

The plasma treatment system D6 comprises a chain plate conveyor D62, a gasifier feed hopper D61 arranged at the discharge end of the chain plate conveyor D62 and a plasma gasifier D64 connected with the discharge end of the gasifier feed hopper D61 through a screw conveyor D63, wherein a slag outlet of the plasma gasifier D64 is connected with a gasifier slag conveyor D65.

The hazardous waste incineration disposal system disposes of hazardous waste as follows.

In general, the hazardous waste ingredients generated by enterprises are very complex and contain several or even tens of different chemical substances. The general process of waste compatibility is as follows:

(1) detecting the properties of the waste such as solid, semisolid, liquid, barreled waste and the like needing to be incinerated, and determining the heat value, volatile matters, halogen and heavy metal content; while specifying its flammability, viscosity (liquid), chemical reactivity, etc.

(2) And the heat value, the volatile matters, the halogen, the alkali metal and the like are calculated in a matching way according to the compatibility principle, so that the stability of the heat value and the halogen content and the alkali metal content are ensured to be lower than the requirements of a compatibility scheme.

(3) And determining the compatibility of different wastes according to the calculation result, and mixing and stirring by using a grab bucket to achieve uniformity.

(4) Incompatible waste is strictly forbidden to enter the incinerator in the collocation process, and adverse effects (the compatibility of the waste is determined by an analysis laboratory) are avoided after the incompatible waste is mixed. The current research results show that there is a significant interaction between some waste products during incineration.

The compatibility scheme can not guarantee the stability of the collected dangerous waste types and components, so that the corrosion to a waste heat boiler and a flue gas purification facility is prevented or lightened in order to guarantee the stable operation of two disposal lines, and the following compatibility scheme is designed and adopted:

(1) The solid and semi-solid waste are mixed uniformly before entering the furnace, so that the properties and the heat value of the waste are uniform as much as possible, and the detected heat value meets the requirement and can be fed into the furnace. The rotary kiln incineration system was designed to have a heating value of 3500kcal/kg of the incoming waste, and the plasma disposal system was designed to have a heating value of 2000kcal/kg of the incoming waste.

(2) The liquid waste is pumped into a storage tank and is sprayed into the incinerator through an independent spray gun so as to determine the conveying time and flow of various waste liquids according to the incineration condition.

(3) The physicochemical properties of the industrial hazardous waste entering the incineration plant are approximately as follows: lower heating value: 3200-41000 kJ/kg; moisture of solid waste: 25% -45%; paste waste moisture: 0% -82%; liquid waste moisture: 0-99%; solid waste ash: 5% -25%; volatile components: 3% -40%. The low heat value waste is matched with the high heat waste and then put into a kiln for burning, so that the stability of the working condition in the kiln is ensured.

(4) The incineration system is designed to receive the element components in the waste as follows: s content is not more than 5%, cl content is not more than 5%, P content is not more than 0.5%, C content is not more than 0.2%, and salt content is not more than 3%.

The invention relates to a compatibility composition table of dangerous waste

Project	S/％	Cl/％	C/％	P/％	Dg
						Rotary kiln	＜1.5	＜1	＜0.1	＜0.5	＜
Plasma body	＜2	＜2	＜0.1	＜0.5	＜
						Project	Pb	Cd	As	Cr	Heavy metals
Rotary kiln	＜0.02	＜	＜0.02	＜0.025	＜0.5
						Plasma body	＜0.02	＜	＜0.02	＜0.025	＜0.5

The invention is provided with two independent disposal lines, one is a rotary kiln incineration line and the other is a plasma disposal line, the two disposal lines share a set of flue gas purification treatment system, the flue gas purification treatment system adopts SNCR denitration, flue gas quenching and dry deacidification (slaked lime) +active carbon spraying, cloth bag dedusting, secondary denitration and wet deacidification processes, and the waste gases of the two lines are respectively collected into the same chimney for emission after being treated by the flue gas purification treatment system. And incinerating dangerous wastes generated in the operation process of the waste lithium battery echelon utilization production line and the waste lithium battery recycling production line by adopting a rotary kiln incineration line process or a plasma disposal line process.

3.1 pretreatment System

Hazardous waste treated by the present invention is generally divided into three categories: the first is a large piece of solid waste or a large package of semi-solid waste that needs to be pre-treated; the second type is solid waste or semi-solid waste that does not require pretreatment; the third category is liquid waste. Different feeding flows are adopted for different dangerous wastes, and the specific analysis is as follows:

3.2 Rotary kiln incineration line process

The whole process route of the rotary kiln incineration system is a rotary kiln feeding system, a rotary kiln, a secondary combustion chamber, a waste heat boiler and a flue gas purifying treatment system. The solid waste is pretreated by a crusher and then is sent to a chain feed hopper through a travelling grab; waste from the grab and bucket elevator is fed into the rotary kiln feed system and into the kiln head of the rotary kiln.

Waste enters the rotary kiln from the kiln head and is subjected to three burning temperature ranges of drying, burning and burnout; the high-temperature flue gas generated by incineration continuously enters a secondary combustion chamber from the kiln tail, the temperature of the secondary combustion chamber is more than or equal to 1100 ℃, and the thorough decomposition of pollutants such as dioxin is realized through the control of the incineration working condition. The incineration waste is decomposed into incineration tail gas and slag at high temperature, the tail gas enters the downstream through a flue, and the secondary combustion chamber and the slag of the rotary kiln are discharged through the same slag outlet.

The high-temperature flue gas at the outlet of the secondary combustion chamber enters a waste heat boiler, and the waste heat boiler is used for recycling heat in the flue gas. The high-temperature flue gas fully combusted in the secondary combustion chamber enters the waste heat boiler from a flue, the temperature of the flue gas is cooled from 1100 ℃ to 500-550 ℃, and saturated steam of 1.0MPaG is generated. Meanwhile, a set of non-catalytic reduction SNCR device is arranged on the waste heat boiler and fully contacts and reacts with nitrogen oxides in the flue gas at a high temperature of 850-1100 ℃ to generate nitrogen and water to remove NOx in the flue gas. Tail gas from the outlet of the waste heat boiler enters a flue gas purifying treatment system.

The flue gas is cooled by a quenching tower D51, deacidified by a dry deacidification tower D52, dedusted by a bag-type dust remover D53, deacidified by a wet scrubbing tower D54 for secondary denitration by an SCR reaction tower D55, heated by a heater D8 and discharged into the atmosphere through a chimney D7.

The tail gas of the outlet of the heat boiler enters a quenching tower, a quenching spray gun spraying system is arranged, industrial water is used as a cooling medium, the temperature of the flue gas at 550 ℃ is rapidly reduced to 200 ℃ within 1 second, the temperature range of dioxin regeneration reaction is avoided, and the purposes of inhibiting dioxin regeneration and reducing the concentration of dioxin in the tail gas are achieved. The lower part of the quenching tower is provided with an ash bucket, and the settled fly ash in the quenching process is discharged from the ash bucket. In order to avoid the situation that water cannot be sprayed in time for cooling under the unexpected conditions such as power failure, a high-level emergency water tank is arranged, and compressed air is used as power for emergency water supply. A dry deacidification reaction tower is arranged at the downstream of the quenching tower, slaked lime powder is sprayed, the slaked lime powder is fully mixed with the flue gas to perform deacidification and neutralization reaction, a part of acidic pollutants are removed, and a certain amount of activated carbon powder is sprayed to adsorb dioxin and heavy metals in the flue gas; the dry deacidification reaction product and part of the activated carbon powder are settled into fly ash and discharged through ash conveying equipment. The flue gas enters a bag-type dust collector, and a layer of filter cake is formed on the surface of a filter bag by the dry-method medicament and activated carbon powder wrapped and clamped in the flue gas, so that acidic pollutants can be continuously removed and dioxin and heavy metals can be adsorbed; the cloth bag dust remover captures most of dust in the flue gas, and the dust is collected by an ash bucket and discharged by ash discharging equipment.

The downstream sets up wet scrubber, on the one hand reduces the flue gas temperature to around 70 ℃ through the water spray, and on the other hand sets up the most acidic contaminant in the multilayer circulation alkali lye spraying desorption flue gas, cooperates the high-efficient defogging of top filler formula defroster, can make the exhaust emission reach more stringent emission index. And the smoke is reheated by a heater and then discharged at the high altitude after reaching the standard.

3.3 plasma treatment line Process

Summary of the process flow: after pretreatment, the raw materials are sent into a gasification furnace through a feeding system, hazardous waste to be treated is subjected to a series of complex chemical reactions in a thermal environment in a plasma active state, wherein organic matters including harmful substances such as dioxin, furan and the like can be thoroughly cracked to generate combustible gas, and inorganic components are melted at the bottom of the furnace to form molten slurry. And after the molten slurry is accumulated to a certain amount, leading the molten slurry out of the plasma gasification furnace through a slurry outlet channel, and adopting a direct water quenching method to slag, thereby obtaining the vitreous solid slag.

And meanwhile, the high-heat-value waste liquid is sprayed into the precombustion chamber by using the compressed air high-efficiency atomization spray gun for combustion, so that organic matters in the materials are fully volatilized in the precombustion chamber and are combusted and decomposed, and high-temperature flue gas at the outlet of the precombustion chamber enters the secondary combustion chamber.

The plasma gasification furnace generates combustible gas and gas generated by waste liquid incineration, the combustible gas and the gas are sent to the secondary combustion chamber, and the secondary combustion chamber continues to burn under the combustion supporting effect of the natural gas burner, and complete incineration is obtained. In order to ensure that dioxin possibly generated in the flue gas generated by the thermal plasma reactor is thoroughly decomposed at high temperature, the flue gas generated by the thermal plasma reactor enters a secondary combustion chamber and is combusted at high temperature of 1150 ℃ or higher again, and the residence time is longer than 3 seconds.

The high-temperature flue gas generated by the secondary combustion chamber is sent to a film wall waste heat boiler, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced from 1100-1200 ℃ to about 550 ℃, and the waste heat boiler produces 1.0Mpa saturated steam as a byproduct. An ammonia spraying port is arranged in the area with the temperature of 850-1100 ℃ of the waste heat boiler, a certain amount of ammonia water with concentration of 20% is sprayed, and the ammonia water reacts with NOx in the flue gas to generate N ₂ And water, primarily removing NOx in the flue gas through an SNCR system.

The heat recovery of the waste heat boiler is reduced to 550 ℃, and the flue gas enters a quenching tower; the alkali liquor and air are sent to a special spray gun at the top of the tower through regulation and proportioning, spray is formed in a quenching tower, and the spray is rapidly evaporated and absorbs heat in hot flue gas, so that the hot flue gas is rapidly cooled to below 200 ℃ within 1 s.

The flue gas is quenched and then is sent to a dry deacidification tower, the adding amount of the slaked lime and the activated carbon powder is controlled by a variable frequency feeder, the slaked lime and the activated carbon powder are sent to the dry deacidification tower through pneumatic conveying, and the slaked lime, the activated carbon and the flue gas are fully mixed in a dry desulfurization tower to remove acid gas and dioxin in the flue gas. A cloth bag dust collector is arranged behind the dry deacidification tower, the flue gas enters the cloth bag dust collector, and a layer of material layer is formed on the surface of the filter bag by the dry medicament and the activated carbon powder wrapped in the flue gas, so that acidic pollutants can be continuously removed and dioxin and heavy metals can be adsorbed; the cloth bag dust remover captures most of dust in the flue gas, and the dust is collected by an ash bucket and discharged by ash discharging equipment.

The flue gas after dust removal is sent into a wet scrubber through a draught fan, on one hand, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to about 70 ℃ through water spraying, and on the other hand, a plurality of layers of circulating alkali liquor are arranged for spraying and removing most of acid pollutants in the flue gas; the induced draft fan is arranged at the inlet of the chimney in cooperation with the high-efficiency demister of the top packing type, so that the whole system is in a negative pressure state, and the uncleaned and complete flue gas in the system is effectively prevented from leaking and escaping. And finally, enabling the flue gas to enter a chimney through a draught fan to reach the emission standard. The plasma treatment system and the rotary kiln incineration line share a chimney.

After being pretreated, the hazardous waste is grabbed by a feeding grab, and then sequentially enters a plasma gasification furnace D64 through a chain plate conveyor D62, a gasification furnace feed hopper D61 and a spiral feeder D63. The treated hazardous waste undergoes a series of complex chemical reactions in the hot environment of the plasma active state, wherein organic matters including harmful substances such as dioxin, furan and the like can be thoroughly cracked, and slag is discharged to obtain vitreous solid slag.

And simultaneously, the high-heat-value waste liquid can be sprayed into the plasma gasification furnace D64 through the gasification furnace waste liquid spray gun D164.

The plasma gasification furnace D64 generates combustible gas, the combustible gas is sent into a secondary combustion chamber for combustion, high-temperature flue gas at the outlet of the secondary combustion chamber enters a waste heat boiler, then enters a flue gas purification treatment system for purification treatment (the treatment method of the rotary kiln incineration line is the same), and is heated by a heater D8, and finally the treated tail gas is discharged into the atmosphere through a chimney D7.

In addition, the hazardous waste incineration disposal system is further provided with a waste heat utilization energy-saving system F, and the hazardous waste incineration disposal system is combined with the waste heat utilization energy-saving system F as shown in fig. 28 and 29, and comprises a waste heat boiler D4 for exchanging heat to high-temperature flue gas generated after hazardous waste incineration, the high-temperature flue gas at the outlet of the secondary combustion chamber enters the waste heat boiler D4, waste heat recovery is carried out on heat in the flue gas by adopting a waste heat boiler 1 furnace, the high-temperature flue gas fully combusted in the secondary combustion chamber enters the waste heat boiler through a flue, the temperature of the flue gas is cooled from 1100 ℃ to 500-550 ℃, and saturated steam of 1.0MPaG is generated at the same time. The smoke outlet of the waste heat boiler D4 is communicated with a smoke purifying treatment system D5.

The waste heat boiler D4 is provided with a steam drum D47 for introducing water to be heat-exchanged, so that the water to be heat-exchanged exchanges heat with the high-temperature flue gas. The steam drum D47 of the waste heat boiler D4 is provided with a waste heat boiler water inlet pipe D44 for supplying water to be heat-exchanged and a waste heat boiler steam exhaust pipe D45 for exhausting steam after heat exchange. The waste heat boiler water inlet pipe D44 is used for feeding water through the boiler water feeding system E4, the waste heat boiler steam exhaust pipe D45 is respectively communicated with the main pipe network E5 and the flue gas heat exchanger E3, and the waste heat boiler steam exhaust pipe D45 is used for supplying steam after heat exchange for the main pipe network E5 and the flue gas heat exchanger E3. The main pipe network E5 is used for heating or supplementing water for the battery crushing extraction system. The battery crushing and extracting system is a system which is used for crushing the waste lithium batteries and extracting the recyclable powder when the waste lithium batteries are recycled. In the extraction process, an extractant heating treatment step is required, and steam in the main pipe network E5 can be introduced into a battery crushing extraction system for water supplementing. The flue gas heat exchanger E3 is used for heating the flue gas treated by the flue gas purifying treatment system D5, and is specifically arranged at the rear end of the wet scrubber and used for heating the flue gas subjected to alkali washing by the wet scrubber. The flue gas heat exchanger E3 is provided with a flue gas heat exchanger steam inlet pipe E31 for providing steam for the flue gas heat exchanger E3 and a flue gas heat exchanger water outlet pipe E32 for discharging cooling water after heat exchange of the flue gas heat exchanger E3, and the flue gas heat exchanger water outlet pipe E32 is respectively communicated with a boiler water supply system E4 and a deionized water cooling system E8. The boiler water supply system E4 comprises a boiler water supply pipe E41 communicated with the waste heat boiler water inlet pipe D44, a boiler water inlet pipe E43 communicated with the flue gas heat exchanger water outlet pipe E32 and a water supply boiler E44 arranged between the boiler water inlet pipe E43 and the boiler water supply pipe E41, and a boiler water supply pump E42 is arranged on the boiler water supply pipe E41.

The deionized water cooling system E8 is used for cooling deionized water for cooling the plasma gasification furnace. The deionized water cooling system E8 comprises a cooling water inlet pipe E81, a heat exchanger E82 and a cooling water outlet pipe E83. The cooling water inlet pipe E81 is used for introducing external circulating cooling water. The heat exchanger E82 is communicated with a cooling water inlet pipe E81 and is used for cooling deionized water in the deionized water preparation system E7. The cooling water outlet pipe E83 is communicated with the heat exchanger E82 and is used for discharging cooling water after heat exchange, and the discharged cooling water enters the cooling water tower. The outlet pipe E32 of the flue gas heat exchanger is communicated with the cooling water inlet pipe E81 through a water supplementing pipe E84.

The deionized water preparation system E7 comprises a desalted water inlet pipe E71 for introducing desalted water into a factory, a deionized water preparation system E72 communicated with the desalted water inlet pipe E71, a deionized water tank E73 communicated with the deionized water preparation system E72 and a deionized water supply pipeline E75 communicated with a water cooling pipeline on the plasma gasification furnace, wherein a deionized water pump E74 is arranged on the deionized water supply pipeline E75. Deionized water tank E73 is used to exchange heat with heat exchanger E82.

And a cooler E6 is further arranged on the water outlet pipe E32 of the flue gas heat exchanger and is used for further cooling the cooling water after heat exchange of the flue gas heat exchanger E3. The exhaust pipe D45 of the waste heat boiler is provided with a sub-cylinder D46, and the main pipe net E5 and the gas inlet pipe E31 of the flue gas heat exchanger are respectively communicated with the sub-cylinder D46.

When the waste heat utilization energy-saving system F is in actual work, high-temperature flue gas generated after dangerous waste incineration enters the waste heat boiler D4, waste heat recovery is carried out on heat in the flue gas by adopting the waste heat boiler, the temperature of the flue gas is cooled from 1100 ℃ to 500-550 ℃, and saturated steam of 1.0MPaG is generated. The generated saturated steam enters a branch cylinder D46 through a waste heat boiler steam exhaust pipe D45, and the saturated steam is respectively conveyed to a main pipe network E5 and a flue gas heat exchanger E3 by the branch cylinder D46. The steam in the main pipe network E5 enters a battery crushing extraction system for water supplementing and heating the extractant. Or the steam in the main pipe network E5. Realizing the full utilization of heat. The flue gas heat exchanger E3 exchanges heat with the flue gas treated by the wet scrubber in the flue gas purifying treatment system D5, and the flue gas can be discharged into the atmosphere through a chimney after being heated. The temperature of the steam subjected to heat exchange by the flue gas heat exchanger E3 is reduced to form a liquid state, and the liquid state enters the cooler E6 for cooling. The part of the cooling water cooled by the cooler E6 is used as the water supplementing water of the deionized water cooling system E8, and the part of the cooling water directly flows back to the boiler water supply system E4. The cooling water cooled by the cooler E6 enters the cooling water inlet pipe E81 through the water supplementing pipe E84 and is converged with the introduced external circulating cooling water, and enters the heat exchanger E82, and the deionized water in the deionized water tank E73 exchanges heat with the cooling water in the heat exchanger E82, so that the purpose of cooling and cooling the deionized water is effectively achieved. The cooled deionized water enters a water cooling channel arranged on an oxygen plasma torch in the plasma gasification furnace and is communicated with the water cooling channel to form a circulating water cooling loop so as to cool the oxygen plasma in operation.

The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (4)

1. A waste battery recycling system, comprising:

the waste lithium battery echelon utilization production line is used for screening, disassembling and capacity detection of the waste lithium battery, and Pack assembly is carried out on lithium ion single batteries capable of being used in the echelon; the waste lithium battery echelon utilization production line comprises a waste lithium battery dismantling system (A) for dismantling waste batteries, a capacity-dividing system for carrying out capacity-dividing treatment on battery cells with capacity within a certain range, and a Pack recombination system for leading qualified single batteries into Pack groups;

the waste lithium battery recycling production line is used for recycling lithium ion single batteries which cannot be utilized in a echelon manner and waste lithium ion single batteries generated in the operation process of the waste lithium battery echelon utilization production line;

the hazardous waste incineration disposal system is used for incinerating hazardous waste generated in the operation process of the waste lithium battery echelon utilization production line and the waste lithium battery recycling production line;

The waste lithium battery dismantling system (A) comprises a battery pack dismantling system (A1) for dismantling waste battery packs into battery modules, a module code scanning detection system (A2) for scanning code detection of the battery modules to judge whether the battery modules can be utilized in a gradient manner and are dismantled continuously, and a battery module dismantling system (A3) for dismantling the battery modules which can be dismantled continuously, which are arranged in sequence along a production line; a recovery area (A6) for storing battery modules which can be utilized in a gradient manner, a discharge area (A5) for deeply discharging the battery modules which can be continuously disassembled, and a first manipulator (A41) for sorting whether the battery modules which can be utilized in a gradient manner and continuously disassembled are loaded and unloaded are arranged between the module code scanning detection system (A2) and the battery module disassembling system (A3);

the battery pack disassembling system (A1) comprises an annular conveying platform (A11) for conveying waste battery packs, a plurality of disassembling operation platforms (A12) which are arranged at two sides of the annular conveying platform (A11) at intervals and are used for transversely conveying the waste battery packs and are convenient for workers to disassemble, and a PLC (programmable logic controller) for controlling the whole operation of the device, wherein a jacking transplanting machine (A13) for jacking the waste battery packs and transversely conveying the waste battery packs to the disassembling operation platform (A12) is arranged below the annular conveying platform (A11) corresponding to the disassembling operation platform (A12), a battery module conveying device (A14) for conveying battery modules disassembled by the workers is arranged below the disassembling operation platform (A12), and controlled ends of the annular conveying platform (A11), the disassembling operation platform (A12), the jacking transplanting machine (A13) and the battery module conveying device (A14) are respectively connected to the output end of the PLC;

The waste lithium battery recycling production line comprises:

the waste single battery crushing system (B) is used for physically crushing the lithium ion single battery to realize recovery of valuable materials in crushed materials;

the wet extraction system (C) is used for receiving the nickel-cobalt powder output by the waste single battery crushing system (B) and recycling sulfate in the nickel-cobalt powder;

the waste single battery crushing system (B) comprises:

the battery crusher (B2) is used for crushing the input waste single batteries; the bottom end of the battery breaker (B2) is provided with an electrolyte outlet and is communicated with a condensation recovery system (B10) for recovering and disposing the electrolyte;

the low-temperature baking furnace (B3) is connected with a discharge hole of the battery crusher (B2) and is used for drying crushed materials of the battery crusher so as to evaporate and decompose electrolyte in the crushed materials;

the first hammer mill (B5) is connected with a discharge hole of the low-temperature baking furnace (B3) and is used for carrying out primary hammer milling on the dried material;

the first linear screen (B6) is connected with a discharge hole of the first hammer mill (B5) and is used for carrying out primary screening on the primary hammer-milled material;

The magnetic separation mechanism (B11) is connected with the discharge hole of the first hammer mill (B5) and is used for carrying out magnetic separation on the materials subjected to primary hammer milling so as to separate out the steel shell;

the second hammer mill (B12) is connected with a discharge hole of the magnetic separation mechanism (B11) and is used for carrying out secondary hammer milling on the magnetically separated materials;

the cyclone dust collector (B13) is connected with a discharge port of the second hammer mill (B12) and is used for carrying out primary separation treatment on granular copper aluminum foil, diaphragm paper and positive and negative electrode powder;

a drum screen (B14) connected with the discharge port of the cyclone dust collector (B13) and used for separating and outputting positive and negative electrode mixture;

the gravity separation system is connected with a discharge port of the rotary screen (B14) and is used for roughly separating and respectively recycling copper foil and aluminum foil in the residual materials;

the battery crusher (B2) and the low-temperature baking furnace (B3) are provided with a first negative pressure adsorption system for carrying out negative pressure adsorption collection on waste gas in the production process, a first hammer mill (B5), a first linear screen (B6), a magnetic separation mechanism (B11), a second hammer mill (B12), a drum screen (B14) and a gravity separation system are provided with a second negative pressure adsorption system for carrying out negative pressure adsorption collection on waste gas in the production process, the first negative pressure adsorption system is connected with a waste gas treatment system (B4) for treating waste gas, and a dust collection treatment system (B16) for treating collected dust is connected and arranged above the second negative pressure adsorption system and the cyclone collector (B13);

The battery crusher (B2) is connected with the low-temperature baking furnace (B3), the low-temperature baking furnace (B3) is connected with the first hammer mill (B5), the first linear screen (B6) is connected with the magnetic separation mechanism (B11), the magnetic separation mechanism (B11) is connected with the second hammer mill (B12), the second hammer mill (B12) is connected with the rotary screen (B14) and the rotary screen (B14) is connected with the gravity separation system through conveying mechanisms;

the wet extraction system (C) comprises:

the leaching device (C1) is used for removing aluminum and iron from the nickel cobalt powder after battery crushing and sorting;

the extraction device (C2) is connected with the liquid outlet end of the leaching device (C1) and is used for extracting the leached filtrate to obtain nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate and manganese sulfate products; and

the lithium carbonate production device (C3) is connected with the slag outlet end of the leaching device (C1) and is used for treating the leached fluoride sediments to obtain lithium carbonate;

the discharging end of the extraction device (C2) is connected with a sulfate crystallization kettle (C24) for concentrating and crystallizing nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate and manganese sulfate solutions obtained by extraction respectively, the discharging end of the sulfate crystallization kettle (C24) is connected with a first flash dryer (C25) for rapidly drying crystallized sulfate, and the top end of the first flash dryer (C25) is provided with a cloth bag dust collector;

The hazardous waste incineration disposal system comprises a pretreatment and feeding system (D1), a rotary kiln incineration system (D2) and a plasma disposal system (D6) which are respectively connected with the discharge end of the pretreatment and feeding system (D1), wherein the air outlet ends of the rotary kiln incineration system (D2) and the plasma disposal system (D6) are communicated with a waste heat boiler (D4) for recovering waste heat in high-temperature flue gas, the air outlet end of the waste heat boiler (D4) is communicated with a flue gas purification treatment system (D5), and the flue gas purification treatment system (D5) is connected with a chimney (D7) for exhausting; the gas outlet ends of the rotary kiln incineration system (D2) and the plasma treatment system (D6) are communicated with a secondary combustion chamber (D3) for thoroughly decomposing dioxin pollutants, and the gas outlet end of the secondary combustion chamber (D3) is communicated with the gas inlet end of the waste heat boiler (D4); the waste heat boiler (D4) is provided with a non-catalytic reduction SNCR device which is fully contacted and reacted with nitrogen oxides in the flue gas under the high temperature condition so as to primarily remove the nitrogen oxides in the flue gas; the flue gas purification treatment system (D5) is also provided with an SCR reaction tower (D55) for further removing nitrogen oxides in the flue gas.

2. The waste battery recycling system according to claim 1, wherein the waste lithium battery is derived from a scraped car or a waste household appliance; the waste lithium battery is one or more of a cylindrical battery, a soft package battery or a square shell battery.

3. A waste battery recycling process, characterized in that it is based on a waste battery recycling system according to claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of:

s1, carrying out echelon utilization on waste batteries, wherein the method comprises the following steps of:

disassembling the waste lithium batteries, sequentially disassembling the waste battery packs into single batteries by using a waste lithium battery disassembling system (A), performing code scanning detection on the single batteries to judge whether the single batteries can be utilized in a gradient manner and continuously disassembled, and outputting the disassembled single batteries;

manually screening the disassembled single batteries, classifying the intact single batteries and the damaged single batteries respectively, collecting and storing the damaged single batteries in a disqualified battery storage area, and entering a recycling recovery process for further treatment;

and (3) capacity detection: detecting the capacity of an intact single battery cell, judging whether the single battery can be utilized in a cascade, utilizing the single battery capable of being utilized in the cascade, collecting the single battery incapable of being utilized in the cascade, and then entering a recycling process for further treatment;

And (3) capacity division: storing energy of the single batteries capable of being utilized in a echelon manner in the capacity-dividing region, and recovering the battery capacity of the single batteries;

pack grouping: performing performance analysis on the monomer batteries subjected to capacity division treatment, and performing Pack matching on qualified monomer batteries through a Pack recombination system;

s2, recycling the lithium ion single batteries which cannot be utilized in a cascade manner and the waste lithium ion single batteries generated in the operation process of the waste lithium battery cascade utilization production line, wherein the recycling method comprises the following steps of:

acid leaching discharge: putting the lithium ion single battery into a dilute acid soaking tank, and performing acid leaching and discharging for a certain time;

washing: putting the lithium ion single battery subjected to acid leaching discharge into a washing tank for washing;

crushing, roasting and sorting: physically crushing and sorting the lithium ion single battery to obtain steel shell, aluminum foil, copper sheet, graphite powder and nickel-cobalt-containing powder;

the nickel-cobalt-containing powder sequentially passes through a leaching process, an extraction process and a lithium carbonate production process, and finally a lithium carbonate product is prepared after flash evaporation and drying;

s3, incinerating dangerous wastes generated in the operation process of the waste lithium battery echelon utilization production line and the waste lithium battery recycling production line by adopting a rotary kiln incineration line process or a plasma disposal line process.

4. A waste battery recycling process according to claim 3, wherein in the step S2, the steps of crushing, roasting and sorting comprise the steps of:

feeding: conveying the waste single batteries into a battery crusher (B2);

rough breaking: coarsely crushing the waste single batteries by using a battery crusher (B2);

and (3) electrolyte recovery: the battery crusher (B2) discharges electrolyte mixed with the coarsely crushed materials to a condensation recovery system (B10) for condensation recovery;

baking at low temperature: the coarsely broken materials are conveyed to a low-temperature baking furnace (B3) in a full-closed mode, drying, evaporating and decomposing electrolyte is carried out, and the dried materials are conveyed in the next full-closed mode;

and (3) ultralow temperature condensation: firstly, enabling gas generated in the rough breaking and low-temperature baking process to enter an ultralow-temperature condensing system through micro negative pressure gas collection, collecting a sublimated liquid phase, discharging tail gas into a waste gas treatment system (B4), and discharging the tail gas into the atmosphere after cooling, washing, UV photodecomposition and active carbon treatment;

primary hammer mill: the dried material is conveyed into a first hammer mill (B5) in a full-closed manner to be subjected to primary grinding;

sorting magnetic shells: synchronously carrying out magnetic separation on the materials subjected to primary grinding in the process of conveying the lower section, and separating out a steel shell;

Secondary grinding: removing the material from the magnetic shell, carrying out full-closed conveying, entering a second hammer mill (B12) for secondary grinding, completing separation of anode powder and cathode powder from copper aluminum foil, and kneading the copper aluminum foil into spherical particles;

winnowing: after the materials in the step S8 are sent into a cyclone dust collector (B13) in a sealing way, carrying out primary sorting treatment on granular copper aluminum foil, diaphragm paper and anode and cathode powder;

and (3) recycling anode and cathode powder: the materials after winnowing enter a drum screen (B14) for sorting, powder mixed by positive and negative electrodes is output, and the powder is collected by a ton bag;

and (3) recycling diaphragm paper: recycling the diaphragm paper separated in the step S10;

and (3) recovering copper aluminum foil: the materials after the diaphragm paper is removed are sent to a gravity separation system, copper foil and aluminum foil are roughly separated and respectively recovered;

dust collection treatment: and (3) adsorbing the dust-containing gas in the whole process by a negative pressure fan, and then enabling the adsorbed gas to enter a dust collection treatment system for powder recovery and treatment, and discharging the recovered gas after reaching the standard.

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