CN113735616A - 一种孔径渐变的多孔陶瓷的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种孔径渐变的多孔陶瓷的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113735616A
CN113735616A CN202110918818.1A CN202110918818A CN113735616A CN 113735616 A CN113735616 A CN 113735616A CN 202110918818 A CN202110918818 A CN 202110918818A CN 113735616 A CN113735616 A CN 113735616A
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slurry
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sponge
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田丽梅
李子源
商震
王养俊
王欢
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Weihai Institute Of Bionics Jilin University
Jilin University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种孔径渐变的多孔陶瓷的制备方法，本发明以聚氨酯海绵为模板，浸入陶瓷浆料，使用间隙渐变的压辊挤压沾满陶瓷浆料的海绵，可使其孔丝上附着的浆料厚度逐渐变化，通过干燥、定型烧结处理后得到孔径渐变的多孔陶瓷，该方法工艺简单，规格可控，适合大批量生产。现有的渐变孔径多孔陶瓷制备方法，本发明不会改变原有球形空隙的形状，空隙均为相互连通的圆孔，形状无畸变。

Description

一种孔径渐变的多孔陶瓷的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于功能材料技术领域。
背景技术
孔径渐变的陶瓷骨架在化学、能源等领域有着广泛应用。其制备方法主要由3D打印法、生物模板法，发泡法等，但这些方法工序复杂，制品规格不可控。文献(Cichockl Jr FR,T-rumble K P,Rodel J.Tailored porosity gradients via colloidal infiltrationof compression molded sponges[J].Journal of American Ceramic Society,1998,81(6):1661-1664.)基于有机泡沫浸浆法，通过将异型聚氨酯泡沫高温压缩定型的方法获得孔径渐变有机泡沫，再通过浸泽陶瓷浆料、烧结获得孔径渐变的陶瓷骨架，工艺可控，但由于压缩改变了原有球形空隙的形状，形状会出现畸变，在某些应用场合如金属熔体过滤会影响杂质过滤效果。
发明内容
本发明提出了一种工艺简单、可控的孔径渐变的多孔陶瓷骨制备方法，该方法具体步骤如下：
1)先将为聚氨酯海绵用10wt％-30wt％氢氧化钠溶液浸泡2小时；
2)将处理后的聚氨酯海绵浸入陶瓷浆料，使浆料完全充满海绵内部，并将多余的浆料挤出，挤压前的厚度与挤压后的厚度之比称为挤压比，挤压比越大，附着再孔丝的上的浆料的厚度越小，孔径越大，孔隙率越高。在挤压工序，使用间隙渐变的压辊挤压沾满陶瓷浆料的海棉，可使其孔丝上附着的浆料厚度逐渐变化，
3)通过干燥，定型，1350℃-1500℃烧结2-3小时，获得孔径渐变的多孔陶瓷。获得的多孔陶瓷空隙三维结构与聚氨酯泡沫相同，均为圆孔且相互连通。
所述的聚氨酯泡沫孔密度范围为10PPI～50PPI，即孔径0.5mm-3mm.
陶瓷浆料由50wt％-85wt％的陶瓷粉体、陶瓷粉体粒径为1000-5000目，1wt％～10wt％的粘接剂，0.2wt％～1wt％的分散剂和15wt％～40wt％的水组成。其中所述的陶瓷粉体为碳化硅、氧化铝或氮化硅；粘接剂为羧甲基纤维素钠，分散剂为聚丙烯酸钠。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明提供了一种工艺简单，规格可控，适合大批量生产的梯度孔径陶瓷骨架的方法，并且空隙均为相互连通的圆孔，形状无畸变。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中的压辊形状；
图2为实施例2中的压辊形状；
图3为实施例3中的压辊形状；
图4实施例1制得的多孔陶瓷。
具体实施方式
实施例1
先将孔密度为10PPI聚氨酯海绵用NaOH进行预处理。将聚氨酯海绵浸入陶瓷浆料，使浆料完全充满海绵内部，使用如图1所示的压辊挤压，之后静至干燥24小时定型，然后置入高温炉中，在500-600℃保温2小时，将聚氨酯烧除，之后继续升温至1500℃并保温1小时，获得孔径延单一方向线性渐变的多孔陶瓷。
陶瓷浆料的组分为：碳化硅粉末60wt％，粒径为2000目，氧化铝及高岭土各6wt％，羧甲基纤维素钠1.5wt％，聚丙烯酸钠0.5wt％,去离子水26％。
如图4所示为本实施例所制得的多孔陶瓷照片，从图上可以看出孔径从左侧向右侧逐渐增大，空隙均为相互连通的圆孔，形状无畸变。
实施例2
先将孔密度为10PPI聚氨酯海绵用NaOH进行预处理。将聚氨酯海绵浸入陶瓷浆料，使浆料完全充满海绵内部，使用如图2所示的压辊挤压，之后静至干燥24小时定型，然后置入高温炉中，在500-600℃保温2小时，将聚氨酯烧除，之后继续升温至1450℃并保温2小时，获得孔径从中心向两侧非线性渐变的多孔陶瓷。
陶瓷浆料的组分为：碳化硅粉末60wt％，粒径为2000目，氧化铝及高岭土各6wt％，羧甲基纤维素钠1.5wt％，聚丙烯酸钠0.5wt％,去离子水26％。
实施例3
先将孔密度为10PPI聚氨酯海绵用NaOH进行预处理。将聚氨酯海绵浸入陶瓷浆料，使浆料完全充满海绵内部，使用如图3所示的压辊挤压，之后静至干燥24小时定型，然后置入高温炉中，在500-600℃保温2小时，将聚氨酯烧除，之后继续升温至1400℃并保温2小时，获得孔径从中心向两侧线性渐变的多孔陶瓷。
陶瓷浆料的组分为：碳化硅粉末60wt％，粒径为2000目，氧化铝及高岭土各6wt％，羧甲基纤维素钠1.5wt％，聚丙烯酸钠0.5wt％,去离子水26％。

Claims (6)

1.一种孔径渐变的多孔陶瓷的制备方法，其特征在于，该方法具体步骤如下：
1)先将为聚氨酯海绵用10wt％-30wt％氢氧化钠溶液浸泡2小时；
2)将处理后的聚氨酯海绵浸入陶瓷浆料，使浆料完全充满海绵内部，并将多余的浆料挤出，在挤压工序中使用间隙渐变的压辊挤压沾满陶瓷浆料的聚氨酯海棉，可使其孔丝上附着的浆料厚度逐渐变化；
3)通过干燥，定型，1350℃-1500℃烧结2-3小时，获得孔径渐变的多孔陶瓷。
2.根据权利要求1所述的孔径渐变的多孔陶瓷的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的聚氨酯泡沫孔密度范围为10PPI～50PPI，即孔径0.5mm-3mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的孔径渐变的多孔陶瓷的制备方法，其特征在于，陶瓷浆料由50wt％-85wt％的陶瓷粉体、陶瓷粉体粒径为1000-5000目，1wt％～10wt％的粘接剂，0.2wt％～1wt％的分散剂和15wt％～40wt％的水组成。
4.根据权利要求3所述的孔径渐变的多孔陶瓷的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的陶瓷粉体为碳化硅、氧化铝或氮化硅。
5.根据权利要求3所述的孔径渐变的多孔陶瓷的制备方法，其特征在于，粘接剂为羧甲基纤维素钠，分散剂为聚丙烯酸钠。
6.根据权利要求3所述的孔径渐变的多孔陶瓷的制备方法，其特征在于，陶瓷粉体粒径为2000目。
CN202110918818.1A 2021-08-11 2021-08-11 一种孔径渐变的多孔陶瓷的制备方法 Pending CN113735616A (zh)

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CN114274312B (zh) * 2022-01-25 2022-08-30 东北大学 一种制备泡沫陶瓷的装置及方法

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