CN110590369B - 一种连续梯度TiC多孔陶瓷及其模板压缩制备方法 - Google Patents
一种连续梯度TiC多孔陶瓷及其模板压缩制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110590369B CN110590369B CN201911051800.5A CN201911051800A CN110590369B CN 110590369 B CN110590369 B CN 110590369B CN 201911051800 A CN201911051800 A CN 201911051800A CN 110590369 B CN110590369 B CN 110590369B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- sponge
- porous ceramic
- gradient
- slurry
- template
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/56—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides
- C04B35/5607—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on refractory metal carbides
- C04B35/5611—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on refractory metal carbides based on titanium carbides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
- C04B35/65—Reaction sintering of free metal- or free silicon-containing compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/06—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by burning-out added substances by burning natural expanding materials or by sublimating or melting out added substances
- C04B38/0615—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by burning-out added substances by burning natural expanding materials or by sublimating or melting out added substances the burned-out substance being a monolitic element having approximately the same dimensions as the final article, e.g. a porous polyurethane sheet or a prepreg obtained by bonding together resin particles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/40—Metallic constituents or additives not added as binding phase
- C04B2235/404—Refractory metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/42—Non metallic elements added as constituents or additives, e.g. sulfur, phosphor, selenium or tellurium
- C04B2235/422—Carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
- C04B2235/6567—Treatment time
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/658—Atmosphere during thermal treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/658—Atmosphere during thermal treatment
- C04B2235/6581—Total pressure below 1 atmosphere, e.g. vacuum
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种连续梯度TiC多孔陶瓷及其模板压缩制备方法。该TiC多孔陶瓷两侧孔隙率分别为60~90%和80~95%,两侧密度差为20%~100%,期间连续过渡。其制备方法如下:将Ti粉、C粉、PVB和乙醇配制成料浆;选用一定孔径的聚氨酯海绵,将其裁切成梯形,放入一个宽度与梯形海绵上底尺寸相同的矩形框中,使梯形海绵由上到下产生程度不同的均匀压缩。以此海绵为模板,通过料浆浸渍法获得梯度多孔陶瓷坯体,再经无压烧结,即得到本发明的连续梯度TiC多孔陶瓷。本发明所制备的TiC多孔陶瓷呈连续梯度结构,两侧孔隙率可通过选择适当孔径的海绵、改变梯形海绵上下底的比例以及改变挂浆次数进行调控;本发明操作简单,结构可控性高,成本低廉。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及多孔陶瓷及梯度功能材料领域,具体涉及一种连续梯度TiC多孔陶瓷及其模板压缩制备方法。
背景技术
多孔陶瓷材料是一种以气孔为主相的新型陶瓷材料,由于它具有比表面积大,导热率低,耐高温,耐磨损,气孔分布均匀以及气孔形状、大小可调的特点而广泛应用于生物、化工、能源、冶炼等众多领域。添加造孔剂可以制备形状复杂的多孔陶瓷材料,但是气孔分布不均匀;发泡法制备的多孔陶瓷材料气孔均匀,但多用于制备闭气孔产品;冷冻干燥工艺可制备孔结构较复杂的多孔陶瓷,该工艺控制简单、坯体烧成收缩小;有机泡沫浸渍法可制备具有三维网状骨架结构的陶瓷体,这是一种具有特殊增强类型的新型陶瓷,良好的过滤材料多使用这种结构,它具有压力损失小、表面积大、质量轻等优点。但以上方法制备的多孔陶瓷孔隙大小及分布受到限制,且呈均匀分布。
梯度功能材料由于其组分、结构呈连续变化,因而材料性质和功能也相应于组成和结构的变化而呈梯度变化。这种材料因其两侧功能的差异而在航空航天、交通运输、核能、电子、化学、生物医学及军工等领域发挥着重要的作用。梯度功能材料的制备主要分为气相法、液相法和固相法。其中气相法主要用于材料表面处理,其组织较疏松,且不能制备块体材料;液相法比较常见的是离心浇铸法,此方法可制备高密度大体积的材料,但对熔点较高的金属不适用;固相法主要有自蔓延高温合成法和粉末冶金法,能够制备较为均匀、致密的梯度功能材料,其中自蔓延高温合成法能源利用率高,但其控制参数较为严格,对材料成分有较大限制;粉末冶金法能够得到成分梯度分布的材料,但是其增强相只能是一维或二维,且其成分只能呈阶梯状分布,而非连续变化。发明专利“离心冷冻干燥技术制备梯度多孔陶瓷的方法”(申请号:CN201410105442.2,公开号:CN103896624A)通过离心旋转并定向冷冻,再经低压干燥和烧结得到孔隙率呈连续梯度变化的多孔陶瓷。该工艺制备的梯度多孔陶瓷材料呈“内疏外密”的仿生结构,孔隙率由内向外为连续梯度变化,具有残余应力小、力学性能和稳定性好的优点,但是所制备的梯度多孔陶瓷孔径微小,且各梯度层厚度较难控制。发明专利“仿生梯度多孔陶瓷材料的制备方法”(申请号:CN201310046286.2,公开号:CN103145438A)将陶瓷浆料经过冷冻后真空冷冻干燥,最后经过烧结,得到仿生梯度多孔陶瓷材料。该工艺制备的梯度多孔陶瓷具有良好的力学性能,但是工艺复杂,且闭孔较多,孔隙率较低。
目前已有的梯度多孔陶瓷的制备工艺过程繁琐,且较难实现三维连续梯度结构,孔径较小,可调范围小。本发明制备的连续梯度TiC多孔陶瓷具有三维连续梯度结构,孔径大小及梯度变化率能够在较大范围内可调,且其复合材料的性能及应用空间大大提高,甚至能够解决目前航空航天、军工以及交通运输领域很多技术难题。
发明内容
综合对比各种梯度功能材料及多孔陶瓷的制备方法,本发明提出一种连续梯度TiC多孔陶瓷及其模板压缩制备方法。
本发明的技术方案为:一种连续梯度TiC多孔陶瓷及其模板压缩制备方法,其特征在于:该TiC多孔陶瓷具有连续梯度结构,两侧孔隙率分别为60~90%和80~95%,两侧密度差为20%~100%,期间连续过渡,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤1,模板选用及设计:选用适当孔径的聚氨酯海绵,按梯度结构要求计算海绵的最大压缩比例,设计出梯形海绵的尺寸;
步骤2,模板成型:按步骤1的设计裁切海绵,经预处理后,放入矩形框中,使海绵由上到下产生程度不同的均匀压缩,得到梯度海绵模板;
步骤3,配制料浆:称量一定量的Ti粉、C粉、PVB(聚乙烯醇缩丁醛)和乙醇,经球磨混合配制成料浆;
步骤4,挂浆成型:将步骤2)制备的梯度海绵模板放入步骤3)配制的料浆中进行浸渍,干燥后获得梯度TiC多孔陶瓷坯体;
步骤5,烧结:将步骤4)所得多孔陶瓷坯体放入高温炉中进行烧结,即得到连续梯度TiC多孔陶瓷。
本发明的技术特征还有:步骤1所述聚氨酯海绵为平板状,其孔径范围为25~60PPI(Pores Per Inch);所述梯形海绵上底与下底的长度比为1:1.2~2。
本发明的技术特征还有:步骤2所述的海绵预处理方法为:将海绵在浓度为10%的NaOH溶液中浸泡10h,之后放置于CMC(羟甲基纤维素钠)溶液中浸泡20h;所述矩形框的长度、宽度、厚度分别与梯形海绵的高度、上底长度、厚度相同,其材质可以是金属、陶瓷或石墨。
本发明的技术特征还有:步骤3所述的料浆配制方法为:按照C的重量百分比10~20wt.%称量Ti粉和C粉放入滚筒球磨机中干混4~8h,球料比为4:1;称量一定量的PVB和乙醇,配制成2~5wt.%的PVB乙醇溶液,按质量比1:1向混合后的干粉中加入PVB乙醇溶液,继续滚筒球磨8~24h,制得料浆。
本发明的技术特征还有:步骤4所述的挂浆成型方法为:将梯度模板完全浸入料浆,取出后通过挤压或离心旋转方式排出多余的料浆后干燥,重复上述步骤4~7次后,经室温干燥或烘箱加热干燥,获得连续梯度TiC多孔陶瓷坯体。
本发明的技术特征还有:步骤5所述烧结工艺条件为:烧结温度1400~1700℃,在真空或惰性气体保护下保温0.5~2小时。
本发明的TiC多孔陶瓷两侧孔隙率可通过选择适当孔径的海绵、改变梯形海绵上下底的比例以及改变挂浆次数进行调控,两侧孔隙率分别在60~90%和80~95%,两侧密度差在20%~100%间可调;本发明制备的连续梯度TiC多孔陶瓷可单独使用或作为金属基复合材料的增强体,应用于航空航天、军工、交通运输等领域的关键零部件生产。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例中有机海绵模板示意图;
图2是本发明实施例中梯度模板示意图;
图3是本发明实施例二中梯度模板实物图;
图4是本发明实施例二制备的连续梯度TiC多孔陶瓷实物图。
其中,1是矩形框,2是挂浆后烧结前的梯度模板。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及实施例,对本发明的具体实施方式进行说明。其中,全部实施例所用原料为Ti粉、C粉,所用聚氨酯海绵孔径范围为25~60PPI,梯形海绵上底长度30mm,厚度10mm,所用矩形框尺寸为30×60×10mm。
实施例一
选择25PPI的聚氨酯海绵为原始模板,按上底与下底的长度比为1:1.2的比例将其裁剪成梯形后,放入浓度为10%的NaOH溶液中浸泡10h,再放置于CMC(羟甲基纤维素钠)溶液中浸泡20h进行预处理;将预处理后的海绵放入矩形框中,使海绵由下底至上底产生程度不同的均匀压缩,得到梯度海绵模板,放置备用;称取Ti粉88克、C粉12克,加入玛瑙球400克,滚筒球磨4h后获得混合粉体,称取PVB 4克、乙醇96毫升配制成4wt.%PVB乙醇溶液,倒入混合粉体中继续滚筒球磨20h得到均匀料浆;将梯度模板浸入浆料中,取出后通过离心旋转方式排除多余浆料,放入烘箱中干燥,如此浸渍4次后获得连续梯度TiC多孔陶瓷坯体,再将坯体放入高温炉中,在氩气保护下升温至1400℃保温2h进行烧结,即得连续梯度TiC多孔陶瓷。
测得上述连续梯度TiC多孔陶瓷两侧孔隙率分别为90%和92%,两侧密度差为20.0%。
实施例二
选择25PPI的聚氨酯海绵为原始模板,按上底与下底的长度比为1:1.5的比例将其裁剪成梯形后,放入浓度为10%的NaOH溶液中浸泡10h,再放置于CMC(羟甲基纤维素钠)溶液中浸泡20h进行预处理;将预处理后的海绵放入矩形框中,使海绵由下底至上底产生程度不同的均匀压缩,得到梯度海绵模板,放置备用;称取Ti粉85克、C粉15克,加入玛瑙球400克,滚筒球磨6h后获得混合粉体,称取PVB 3克、乙醇97毫升配制成3wt.%PVB乙醇溶液,倒入混合粉体中继续滚筒球磨12h得到均匀料浆;将梯度模板浸入浆料中,取出后通过挤压方式排除多余浆料,放入烘箱中干燥,如此浸渍7次后获得连续梯度TiC多孔陶瓷坯体,再将坯体放入高温炉中,在氩气保护下升温至1600℃保温1h进行烧结,即得连续梯度TiC多孔陶瓷。
测得上述连续梯度TiC多孔陶瓷两侧孔隙率分别为79%和86%,两侧密度差为50.8%。
实施例三
选择35PPI的聚氨酯海绵为原始模板,按上底与下底的长度比为1:2的比例将其裁剪成梯形后,放入浓度为10%的NaOH溶液中浸泡10h,再放置于CMC(羟甲基纤维素钠)溶液中浸泡20h进行预处理;将预处理后的海绵放入矩形框中,使海绵由下底至上底产生程度不同的均匀压缩,得到梯度海绵模板,放置备用;称取Ti粉80克、C粉20克,加入玛瑙球400克,滚筒球磨8h后获得混合粉体,称取PVB 5克、乙醇95毫升配制成5wt.%PVB乙醇溶液,倒入混合粉体中继续滚筒球磨8h得到均匀料浆;将梯度模板浸入浆料中,取出后通过离心旋转方式排除多余浆料,放入烘箱中干燥,如此浸渍6次后获得连续梯度TiC多孔陶瓷坯体,再将坯体放入高温炉中,在氮气保护下升温至1700℃保温0.5h进行烧结,即得连续梯度TiC多孔陶瓷。
测得上述连续梯度TiC多孔陶瓷两侧孔隙率分别为74%和87%,两侧密度差为100.0%。
实施例四
选择50PPI的聚氨酯海绵为原始模板,按上底与下底的长度比为1:1.7的比例将其裁剪成梯形后,放入浓度为10%的NaOH溶液中浸泡10h,再放置于CMC(羟甲基纤维素钠)溶液中浸泡20h进行预处理;将预处理后的海绵放入矩形框中,使海绵由下底至上底产生程度不同的均匀压缩,得到梯度海绵模板,放置备用;称取Ti粉90克、C粉10克,加入玛瑙球400克,滚筒球磨7h后获得混合粉体,称取PVB 2克、乙醇98毫升配制成2wt.%PVB乙醇溶液,倒入混合粉体中继续滚筒球磨24h得到均匀料浆;将梯度模板浸入浆料中,取出后通过挤压方式排除多余浆料,在室温下自然干燥,如此浸渍5次后获得连续梯度TiC多孔陶瓷坯体,再将坯体放入高温炉中,在氩气保护下升温至1500℃保温1.5h进行烧结,即得连续梯度TiC多孔陶瓷。
测得上述连续梯度TiC多孔陶瓷两侧孔隙率分别为71%和83%,两侧密度差为71.3%。
实施例五
选择60PPI的聚氨酯海绵为原始模板,按上底与下底的长度比为1:1.5的比例将其裁剪成梯形后,放入浓度为10%的NaOH溶液中浸泡10h,再放置于CMC(羟甲基纤维素钠)溶液中浸泡20h进行预处理;将预处理后的海绵放入矩形框中,使海绵由下底至上底产生程度不同的均匀压缩,得到梯度海绵模板,放置备用;称取Ti粉86克、C粉14克,加入玛瑙球400克,滚筒球磨5h后获得混合粉体,称取PVB 4克、乙醇96毫升配制成4wt.%PVB乙醇溶液,倒入混合粉体中继续滚筒球磨22h得到均匀料浆;将梯度模板浸入浆料中,取出后通过离心旋转方式排除多余浆料,在室温下自然干燥,如此浸渍4次后获得连续梯度TiC多孔陶瓷坯体,再将坯体放入高温炉中,在氩气保护下升温至1600℃保温1h进行烧结,即得连续梯度TiC多孔陶瓷。
测得上述连续梯度TiC多孔陶瓷两侧孔隙率分别为82%和88%,两侧密度差为50.4%。
实施例六
选择60PPI的聚氨酯海绵为原始模板,按上底与下底的长度比为1:2的比例将其裁剪成梯形后,放入浓度为10%的NaOH溶液中浸泡10h,再放置于CMC(羟甲基纤维素钠)溶液中浸泡20h进行预处理;将预处理后的海绵放入矩形框中,使海绵由下底至上底产生程度不同的均匀压缩,得到梯度海绵模板,放置备用;称取Ti粉82克、C粉18克,加入玛瑙球400克,滚筒球磨6h后获得混合粉体,称取PVB 5克、乙醇95毫升配制成5wt.%PVB乙醇溶液,倒入混合粉体中继续滚筒球磨16h得到均匀料浆;将梯度模板浸入浆料中,取出后通过离心旋转方式排除多余浆料,放入烘箱中干燥,如此浸渍7次后获得连续梯度TiC多孔陶瓷坯体,再将坯体放入高温炉中,在氩气保护下升温至1650℃保温1h进行烧结,即得连续梯度TiC多孔陶瓷。
测得上述连续梯度TiC多孔陶瓷两侧孔隙率分别为60%和80%,两侧密度差为100.0%。
上面结合附图对本发明的实施例进行了说明,但上述说明并非对本发明的限制,本发明也不仅限于上述实施例。凡是在本发明的实质和原理范围内进行的变化、代替、添加、简化,组合等均视为等效的置换方式,也属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种连续梯度TiC多孔陶瓷的模板压缩制备方法,其特征在于:
(1)该TiC多孔陶瓷具有连续梯度结构,两侧孔隙率分别为60~90%和80~95%,两侧密度差为20%~100%,期间连续过渡;
(2)该制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤1,模板选用及设计:选用适当孔径的聚氨酯海绵,按梯度结构要求计算海绵的最大压缩比例,设计出梯形海绵的尺寸;
步骤2,模板成型:按步骤1的设计裁切海绵,经预处理后,放入矩形框中,使海绵由上到下产生程度不同的均匀压缩,得到梯度海绵模板;
步骤3,配制料浆:称量一定量的Ti粉、C粉、PVB和乙醇,经球磨混合配制成料浆;
步骤4,挂浆成型:将步骤2)制备的梯度海绵模板放入步骤3)配制的料浆中进行浸渍,干燥后获得梯度TiC多孔陶瓷坯体;
步骤5,烧结:将步骤4)所得多孔陶瓷坯体放入高温炉中进行烧结,即得到连续梯度TiC多孔陶瓷;
其中,步骤1所述聚氨酯海绵为平板状,其孔径范围为25~60PPI;所述梯形海绵上底与下底的长度比为1∶1.2~2。
2.按照权利要求1所述的一种连续梯度TiC多孔陶瓷的模板压缩制备方法,其特征在于:步骤2所述的海绵预处理方法为:将海绵在浓度为10%的NaOH溶液中浸泡10h,之后放置于CMC溶液中浸泡20h;所述矩形框的长度、宽度、厚度分别与梯形海绵的高度、上底长度、厚度相同,其材质是金属、陶瓷或石墨。
3.按照权利要求1所述的一种连续梯度TiC多孔陶瓷的模板压缩制备方法,其特征在于:步骤3所述的料浆配制方法为:按照C的重量百分比10~20wt.%称量Ti粉和C粉放入滚筒球磨机中干混4~8h,球料比为4∶1;称量一定量的PVB和乙醇,配制成2~5wt.%的PVB乙醇溶液,按质量比1∶1向混合后的干粉中加入PVB乙醇溶液,继续滚筒球磨8~24h,制得料浆。
4.按照权利要求1所述的一种连续梯度TiC多孔陶瓷的模板压缩制备方法,其特征在于:步骤4所述的挂浆成型方法为:将梯度模板完全浸入料浆,取出后通过挤压或离心旋转方式排出多余的料浆后干燥,重复上述步骤4~7次后,经室温干燥或烘箱加热干燥,获得连续梯度TiC多孔陶瓷坯体。
5.按照权利要求1所述的一种连续梯度TiC多孔陶瓷的模板压缩制备方法,其特征在于:步骤5所述烧结工艺条件为:烧结温度1400~1700℃,在真空或惰性气体保护下保温0.5~2小时。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201911051800.5A CN110590369B (zh) | 2019-10-31 | 2019-10-31 | 一种连续梯度TiC多孔陶瓷及其模板压缩制备方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201911051800.5A CN110590369B (zh) | 2019-10-31 | 2019-10-31 | 一种连续梯度TiC多孔陶瓷及其模板压缩制备方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN110590369A CN110590369A (zh) | 2019-12-20 |
CN110590369B true CN110590369B (zh) | 2020-12-22 |
Family
ID=68852280
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201911051800.5A Active CN110590369B (zh) | 2019-10-31 | 2019-10-31 | 一种连续梯度TiC多孔陶瓷及其模板压缩制备方法 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN110590369B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111233478B (zh) * | 2020-01-20 | 2021-04-06 | 北京交通大学 | 一种碳化钛梯度多孔陶瓷的分层挂浆制备方法 |
CN111943716A (zh) * | 2020-08-20 | 2020-11-17 | 安徽工业大学 | 一种新型赤泥-粉煤灰基梯度结构多孔陶瓷的制备方法 |
CN112850799A (zh) * | 2021-01-26 | 2021-05-28 | 河海大学 | 一种用于化学链制氢的双尺度多孔钙钛矿制备方法 |
CN113735616A (zh) * | 2021-08-11 | 2021-12-03 | 吉林大学 | 一种孔径渐变的多孔陶瓷的制备方法 |
CN114318255B (zh) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-09-16 | 贵研铂业股份有限公司 | 一种由易氧化金属镀膜保护制备的高致密NiV合金溅射靶材及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6162310A (en) * | 1998-08-05 | 2000-12-19 | Tseng; Shao-Chien | Method for producing porous sponge like metal of which the shapes and sizes of pores are controllable |
EP2123618A1 (en) * | 2008-05-13 | 2009-11-25 | L'AIR LIQUIDE, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Ceramic foam with gradient of porosity in heterogeneous catalysis |
CN106830980A (zh) * | 2017-02-15 | 2017-06-13 | 莱芜市南洋多孔材料有限公司 | 一种采用泡沫浸渍‑高温烧结制备多孔碳化钛陶瓷的方法 |
CN109396446B (zh) * | 2018-11-20 | 2020-10-30 | 山东科技大学 | 一种多级孔复合材料过滤体及其制备方法 |
-
2019
- 2019-10-31 CN CN201911051800.5A patent/CN110590369B/zh active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN110590369A (zh) | 2019-12-20 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN110590369B (zh) | 一种连续梯度TiC多孔陶瓷及其模板压缩制备方法 | |
Kieback et al. | Processing techniques for functionally graded materials | |
Bonabi et al. | Fabrication of metallic composite foam using ceramic porous spheres “Light Expanded Clay Aggregate” via casting process | |
CN111233478B (zh) | 一种碳化钛梯度多孔陶瓷的分层挂浆制备方法 | |
Zamanian et al. | The effect of particle size on the mechanical and microstructural properties of freeze‐casted macroporous hydroxyapatite scaffolds | |
CN104894418A (zh) | 一种原位合成尖晶石晶须增强铝基复合泡沫及其制备方法 | |
CN103602845B (zh) | 一种孔隙率、孔径可控开孔泡沫铜的制备方法 | |
CN106830942B (zh) | 一种多孔b4c陶瓷骨架及其冷冻注模工艺 | |
CN109095930A (zh) | 一种氮化硼泡沫材料及其制备方法 | |
CN109516810A (zh) | 一种基于p曲面的多孔碳化硅陶瓷的制备方法 | |
CN109928756A (zh) | 一种碳化硅增强碳基复合材料及制备方法 | |
CN101994043A (zh) | 一种高铌钛铝多孔金属间化合物梯度材料及其制备方法 | |
CN113698215B (zh) | 一种致密的层状碳化硅陶瓷及其制备方法 | |
CN114192801B (zh) | 一种基于增材制造的三维双连通结构复合材料的制备方法 | |
CN115677364A (zh) | 一种多层次碳化锆增强碳基复合材料及其制备方法和应用 | |
WO2011011603A2 (en) | Glass encapsulated hot isostatic pressed silicon carbide | |
Sutygina et al. | Manufacturing of open-cell metal foams by the sponge replication technique | |
Liu et al. | A novel approach for developing boron carbide (B4C)/cyanate ester (CE) co-continuous Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) with eliminated abrupt interfaces | |
Han et al. | Fabrication of Ceramics with Complex Porous Structures by the Impregnate–Freeze‐Casting Process | |
CN108439990B (zh) | 一种二硼化钛基陶瓷复合材料及其制备方法 | |
Chen et al. | Preparation of novel reticulated porous ceramics with hierarchical pore structures | |
CN105948810B (zh) | 一种三维网状通孔复合材料及其制备 | |
CN105272264B (zh) | 一种复式双连续相SiC/Si复合材料的制备方法 | |
KR100395036B1 (ko) | 개포형 금속포움 제조방법 | |
CN114622146B (zh) | 一种涂层改性铌纤维增强钛铝基复合材料的制备方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |