CN113732288A - 一种利用喷射成形7055铝合金粉末制备棒材的方法 - Google Patents
一种利用喷射成形7055铝合金粉末制备棒材的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种利用喷射成形7055铝合金粉末制备棒材的方法,包括如下步骤:粉末收集、粉末筛分、包套准备、冷等静压、脱模、热挤压和热处理。本发明的有益之处在于(1)本发明将喷射成形过程中产生的附属粉末挤压成材,在降低能源损耗和生产成本的同时,减少了环境污染;(2)力学性能好,利用该方法制备的7055铝合金棒材T76态抗拉强度达625MPa,远超AMS4336A中7055‑T76511状态的力学性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种利用喷射成形7055铝合金粉末制备棒材的方法。
背景技术
喷射成形的概念最早是由英国Swansea大学的Singer教授于1968年提出,并于1972年获得专利。作为工程技术则是从1974年英国OspreyMetals公司取得专利权开始,该公司成功将Singer提出喷射成形应用于锻造毛坯的生产,发明了Osprey工艺。从整个发展过程看,国外的喷射成形技术经历了适用合金系统的实验研究(1975年~1984年)、工艺优化和雾化沉积机理研究(1984~1992年)、雾化技术规模的扩大与产业化(1992~1998年)等自身发展和重大改进的历程。近年来,喷射成形技术已成为材料科学与工程界研究和产业化发展的热点之一。
喷射成形技术的基本原理是利用高压惰性气体将金属液滴雾化成细小熔滴,并使其沿喷嘴的轴线方向高速飞行,在这些液滴尚未完全凝固之前沉积成坯件。具有所获材料晶粒细小、组织均匀、能够抑制宏观偏析等快速凝固技术的各种优点。该方法不受合金含量上限的限制,是一种制备高合金化、大规格材料的主流技术。
喷射成形工艺因参数多、中间过程控制难等问题,在喷射过程中易产生过喷粉末。在利用喷射技术制备7055铝合金锭坯过程中,会产生20%左右的附属粉末,一方面,由于其粒径分布范围广、比表面积大而氧化严重,因此很难作为终端产品直接利用,另一方面,铝粉与一般材料相比,比表面积大、燃值高、不稳定,在储存过程中如果遇到潮湿环境并达到一定浓度后,极易发生爆炸,存在一定的安全隐患。目前对该粉末的处理方式是回炉重熔,粉末回炉使本已凝固成形的粉末重新被融化成铝液,不仅造成环境污染、资源浪费及原材料利用率低等问题,而且使生产成本增加。因此,迫切需要一种新工艺来合理利用喷射过程中产生的附属粉末。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决以上现有技术的不足,提供了一种利用喷射成形7055铝合金粉末制备棒材的方法。
一种利用喷射成形7055铝合金粉末制备棒材的方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、粉末收集:将喷射成形的粉末在氮气的保护下收集于储存箱内,待冷却后用塑料袋分装密封;
S2、粉末筛分:使用旋振筛,筛选出粉末粒径小于150μm的颗粒物;
S3、包套准备:制作圆桶状的包套装置,包套装置的材质为非金属材质;
S4、冷等静压:将筛选出的粉末放置于包套装置内部,振动装实并密封,增压至180-220MPa,保压一段时间;
S5、脱模:保压结束后,卸压并取出锭坯;
S6、热挤压:将锭坯置于加热炉中,随炉升温到450±10℃,保温6-8h,再经过一次挤压呈棒料;
S7、热处理:对挤压成形的棒料进行热处理。
优选的,步骤S7中,热处理为T76热处理;
T76热处理工艺为:先在450±5℃下固溶处理3±0.2h,然后在475±5℃下固溶处理3±0.2h,水淬至室温,最后在120±5℃下时效处理6±0.2h,接着在160±5℃下时效处理7±0.2h,出炉空冷。
优选的,步骤S6中,一次挤压的模具加热温度为420±10℃,挤压速度为0.3mm/s,挤压筒温度为430±10℃;
优选的,步骤S1中,粉末为喷射过程中产生的附属7055铝合金粉末,化学成分为质量百分比2.0~2.6%的Cu、质量百分比1.8~2.3%的Mg、质量百分比0.08~0.25%的Zr、质量百分比7.6~8.4%的Zn,以及一些不可避免的杂质。
优选的,步骤S4中,使用振动平台将包套装置内部的粉末进行振动装实,将装满粉末并密封严实的包套置于冷等静压机缸体内,开启增压泵,使缸体内压力在15min升至200MPa,到压后保压10min。
优选的,步骤S2中,利用装有100目过滤网的旋振筛,将7055铝合金附属粉末筛分成第一类粉末和第二类粉末,第一类粉末粒径≤150μm,第二类粉末粒径>150μm,并选用第一类粉末进行后续生产。
优选的,步骤S3中,包套装置的材质为橡胶,包套装置的具体参数为:内径为300mm、壁厚度为10mm、高度为600mm、上盖厚度为60mm的圆桶状。
优选的,步骤S5中,脱模后的锭坯尺寸为Φ270*500mm。
有益效果:
1、本发明将喷射成形过程中产生的7055铝合金附属粉末挤压成材,在降低能源损耗和生产成本的同时、减少了环境污染。
2、通过本发明可以制得具有一定力学性能的7055铝合金棒材,其抗拉强度可以达到625MPa,远超AMS 4336A中7055-T76511状态的力学性能。
附图说明
图1是7055铝合金粉末筛分后形貌图;
图2是7055铝合金粉末筛分后粒径分布图;
图3是7055粉末挤压棒材金相组织。
具体实施方式
为了加深对本发明的理解,下面将结合实施例和附图对本发明作进一步详述,该实施例仅用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明保护范围的限定。
实施方式:
一种利用喷射成形7055铝合金粉末制备棒材的方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、粉末收集:将喷射成形过程中雾化产生的7055铝合金粉末在氮气的保护下收集于储存箱,待冷却后用塑料袋分装密封,并置于铁桶中加盖储存,避免氧化。
S2、粉末筛分:利用装有100目过滤网的旋振筛,将上述7055铝合金附属粉末筛分成第一类粉末和第二类粉末,第一类粉末粒径≤150μm,第二类粉末粒径>150μm,由于第二类粉末中含有尺寸较大的颗粒或片状物质,无法用于后续生产。
S3、包套准备:以橡胶为原材料,制作内径为300mm、壁厚度为10mm、高度为600mm、上盖厚度为60mm的圆桶状包套装置。
S4、冷等静压:将筛分后的第一类7055铝合金粉末装于橡胶包套内,利用振动平台振动装实,然后盖上上盖进行密封;将装满粉末并密封严实的包套置于冷等静压机缸体内,开启增压泵,使缸体内压力在15min升至200MPa,到压后保压10min。
S5、脱模:保压结束后,卸掉冷等静压机缸体内压力,取出包套,脱模后得到7055铝合金粉末冷等静压锭坯,锭坯尺寸为Φ270*500mm。
S6、热挤压:将冷等静压得到的粉末锭坯置于加热炉中,随炉升温至450±10℃,保温6~8h,使用2000T挤压机进行一次挤压,得到Φ60mm棒材(双孔出料)。挤压速度为0.3mm/s,模具加热温度为420±10℃,挤压筒温度为430±10℃。
S7、热处理:将经热挤压得到的一次挤压棒材进行T76热处理。T76热处理工艺为:首先在450±5℃下固溶处理3±0.2h,然后在475±5℃下固溶处理3±0.2h,水淬至室温,最后在120±5℃下时效处理6±0.2h,接着在160±5℃下时效处理7±0.2h,出炉空冷。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种利用喷射成形7055铝合金粉末制备棒材的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、粉末收集:将喷射成形的粉末在氮气的保护下收集于储存箱内,待冷却后用塑料袋分装密封;
S2、粉末筛分:使用旋振筛,筛选出粉末粒径小于150μm的颗粒物;
S3、包套准备:制作圆桶状的包套装置,包套装置的材质为非金属材质;
S4、冷等静压:将筛选出的粉末放置于包套装置内部,振动装实并密封,增压至180-220MPa,保压一段时间;
S5、脱模:保压结束后,卸压并取出锭坯;
S6、热挤压:将锭坯置于加热炉中,随炉升温到450±10℃,保温6-8h,再经过一次挤压呈棒料;
S7、热处理:对挤压成形的棒料进行热处理。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用喷射成形7055铝合金粉末制备棒材的方法,其特征在于,步骤S7中,热处理为T76热处理;
T76热处理工艺为:先在450±5℃下固溶处理3±0.2h,然后在475±5℃下固溶处理3±0.2h,水淬至室温,最后在120±5℃下时效处理6±0.2h,接着在160±5℃下时效处理7±0.2h,出炉空冷。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用喷射成形7055铝合金粉末制备棒材的方法,其特征在于,步骤S6中,一次挤压的模具加热温度为420±10℃,挤压速度为0.3mm/s,挤压筒温度为430±10℃。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用喷射成形7055铝合金粉末制备棒材的方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中,粉末为喷射过程中产生的附属7055铝合金粉末,化学成分为质量百分比2.0~2.6%的Cu、质量百分比1.8~2.3%的Mg、质量百分比0.08~0.25%的Zr、质量百分比7.6~8.4%的Zn,以及一些不可避免的杂质。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用喷射成形7055铝合金粉末制备棒材的方法,其特征在于,步骤S4中,使用振动平台将包套装置内部的粉末进行振动装实,将装满粉末并密封严实的包套置于冷等静压机缸体内,开启增压泵,使缸体内压力在15min升至200MPa,到压后保压10min。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用喷射成形7055铝合金粉末制备棒材的方法,其特征在于,步骤S2,利用装有100目过滤网的旋振筛,将7055铝合金附属粉末筛分成第一类粉末和第二类粉末,第一类粉末粒径≤150μm,第二类粉末粒径>150μm,并选用第一类粉末进行后续生产。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用喷射成形7055铝合金粉末制备棒材的方法,其特征在于,步骤S3中,包套装置的材质为橡胶,包套装置的具体参数为:内径为300mm、壁厚度为10mm、高度为600mm、上盖厚度为60mm的圆桶状。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用喷射成形7055铝合金粉末制备棒材的方法,其特征在于,步骤S5中,脱模后的锭坯尺寸为Φ270*500mm。
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