CN113730639B - 一种磁性敷料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种磁性敷料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种磁性敷料及其制备方法和应用,属于药物制剂技术领域。本发明提供了一种磁性敷料,包括依次层叠设置的磁性层、载药层和保护层,所述磁性层包括聚乙烯醇、谷蛋白和铁粒子。本发明利用外部磁场对吞服的磁性敷料进行控制,通过改变外部磁场的方向使磁性敷料运动到病理位置,撤去外部磁场后,磁性敷料由环状改变成片状,完成整个病灶面的贴附,进行自主释药完成治疗。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药物制剂技术领域,尤其涉及一种磁性敷料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
由于现代社会越来越快的生活节奏,导致人们的学习工作压力大、强度大,经常会饮食不规律,不按时按点吃饭,忙时少吃,闲时暴饮暴食,导致胃溃疡恶化为胃穿孔。近年来,科研工作者们对微纳机器人的研究愈加火热,开发出了不同制造工艺与结构的微纳米机器人,并广泛应用于多个领域,如药物靶向递送、细胞的捕获与分离、3D组织组装等。同时,随着研究的不断深入,针对微纳米机器人运动的控制手段也在日益发展,根据驱动机理主要分为两种:一种是化学驱动,即通过燃料的氧化还原反应来提供微纳米机器人运动的驱动力;另一种是外场驱动,通常是利用磁场、电场、声场、光场等外加物理场来实现微纳机器人的导航运动。磁场驱动具有良好的生物兼容性、生物穿透性,同时其控制精度高,可精准的驱动微纳机器人到达病理位置,完成靶向治疗,该驱动方式在活体内部靶向治疗的应用领域展现出了巨大的潜力。
虽然磁驱动微纳机器人的载药/释药方式日趋成熟,但其治疗方式主要是通过药物的扩散效应,来实现靶向治疗。微纳机器人的释药过程中,其释放的药物与病灶没有发生直接接触,当面对某些器官内壁发生炎症或者胃穿孔的情况时,就会出现药效较低的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种磁性敷料及其制备方法和应用。本发明提供的磁性敷料能够实现药物的定点释放,进而提高药物的治疗效果。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明提供以下技术方案:
本发明提供了一种磁性敷料,包括依次层叠设置的磁性层、载药层和保护层,所述磁性层包括聚乙烯醇、谷蛋白和铁粒子。
优选地,所述谷蛋白、铁粒子和聚乙烯醇的质量比为1:8:1.1。
优选地,所述铁粒子的粒径为6~10μm。
优选地,所述保护层由海藻酸钠与氯化钙通过交联反应制得。
优选地,所述载药层为由壳聚糖和消炎药制备的水凝胶。
本发明还提供了上述技术方案所述的磁性敷料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
制备载药层;
在所述载药层的表面喷涂磁性层浆料,形成磁性层,所述磁性层浆料中包含聚乙烯醇、谷蛋白和铁粒子,得到双层敷料;
将所述双层敷料表面形成保护层,得到所述磁性敷料。
优选地,所述载药层由包括以下步骤的方法制得:将壳聚糖、消炎药和水混合,得到水凝胶,所述壳聚糖和消炎药的质量比为1:1。
优选地,所述形成磁性层后还包括磁化的步骤,所述磁化的磁感应强度为10~20mT。
优选地,所述形成保护层为将所述浆料双层敷料依次在海藻酸钠溶液和氯化钙溶液中浸渍,所述海藻酸钠溶液的质量分数为6%,所述氯化钙溶液的质量分数为4%,所述海藻酸钠溶液和氯化钙溶液的质量比为1:1。
本发明还提供了上述技术方案所述的磁性敷料或上述技术方案所述的磁性敷料在制备靶向药物中的应用。
本发明提供了一种磁性敷料,包括依次层叠设置的磁性层、载药层和保护层,所述磁性层包括聚乙烯醇、谷蛋白和铁粒子。本发明利用外部磁场对吞服的磁性敷料进行控制,通过改变外部磁场的方向使磁性敷料运动到病理位置,撤去外部磁场后,磁性敷料由环状改变成片状,完成整个病灶面的贴附,进行自主释药完成治疗。
有益效果:
磁性敷料由磁性层、载药层、保护层组成,其中载药层可根据不同的病理状态进行更换,实现可持续医疗;保护层可避免磁性敷料在运动过程中受到活体内部环境的侵蚀导致药效降低;磁性敷料在外部磁场的驱动下以不同的运动模式准确到达病灶位置,实现类似于膏药贴附治疗的方法,实现药物的定点释放,以此来提高药物的治疗效果;磁性敷料在外部磁场的作用下呈现环状,撤去磁场会呈现片状,环状为人体通过吞服进入体内提供可能,片状使其能贴附在胃穿孔部位,实现精准靶向释药治疗;本发明提供的磁性敷料操作简单、成本低廉。
进一步地,本发明的磁性敷料的原料为生物可降解材料,将磁性敷料从患处脱落后即可撤去永磁体,结束治疗,磁性敷料可以在人体内自然降解。
进一步地,本发明中保护层由海藻酸钠与氯化钙通过交联反应制得,保护层的孔隙结构随靶向位置生理环境的改变而发生改变,与病灶发生接触时,其孔隙结构变大,释放药物,随着病变位置逐渐缩小,与康复位置接触的部位,其孔隙结构缩小,逐步减少药物的释放,以此来实现药物的可控按需释放
本发明还提供了上述技术方案所述磁性敷料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:制备载药层;在所述载药层的表面喷涂磁性层浆料,形成磁性层,所述磁性层浆料中包含聚乙烯醇、谷蛋白和铁粒子,得到双层敷料;将所述双层敷料表面形成保护层,得到所述磁性敷料。
附图说明
图1为本发明在施加外部磁场的磁性敷料状态图,其中1为载药层,2为磁性层,3为保护层;
图2为本发明在未施加外部磁场的磁性敷料状态图;
图3为本发明中磁性敷料的磁性层变形原理图;
图4为本发明中磁性敷料靶向治疗的流程图,其中4为永磁体,5为病灶。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种磁性敷料,包括依次层叠设置的磁性层、载药层和保护层,所述磁性层包括聚乙烯醇、谷蛋白和铁粒子。
在本发明中,所述谷蛋白、铁粒子和聚乙烯醇的质量比优选为1:8:1.1。在本发明中,所述聚乙烯醇具有良好的生物相容性。在本发明中,所述聚乙烯醇优选以聚乙烯醇溶液的形式加入,所述聚乙烯醇溶液的质量分数为10%。
在本发明中,所述铁粒子的粒径优选为6~10μm。
在本发明中,所述磁性层作为驱动层,在外部磁场的作用下,是使磁性敷料形变和运动的关键。
在本发明中,所述保护层优选由海藻酸钠与氯化钙通过交联反应制得。在本发明中,所述保护层的主要作用是避免磁性敷料在活体内部运动的过程中载药层在不同的生理环境下发生反应导致药物的泄露,使药物对其他组织器官产生副作用。
在本发明中,所述海藻酸钠与氯化钙通过交联反应制得的保护层在酸性环境下不反应,在碱性环境下会发生溶解。
在本发明中,所述保护层的厚度优选为800~1000μm。
在本发明中,所述载药层优选为由壳聚糖和消炎药制备的水凝胶。在本发明中,所述载药层是存储载药层,可针对不同的病症制备不同的载药层。
在本发明中,所述壳聚糖和消炎药的质量比优选为1:1。在本发明中,所述壳聚糖具有突出的生物相容性、生物降解性、抗菌性、防腐蚀性、止血性和促进伤口愈合性。
在本发明中,所述消炎药优选为枸橼酸铋钾,所述枸橼酸铋钾能够促进胃黏膜的再生,从而使胃粘膜受到了一定的保护,能够减轻胃溃疡的疾病症状。
在本发明中,所述磁性敷料的磁感应强度优选为10~20mT(利用高斯计测得)。
图1为本发明在施加外部磁场的磁性敷料状态图,其中1为载药层,2为磁性层,3为保护层;图2为本发明在未施加外部磁场的磁性敷料状态图。图3为本发明中磁性敷料的磁性层变形原理图;图4为本发明中磁性敷料靶向治疗的流程图,其中4为永磁体,5为病灶。
本发明提供的磁性敷料在永磁体施加的磁场下,磁性敷料会呈现为圆环状,如式[1]、[2]所示:
τ=Mnet×B [2]
其中,m表示磁化强度曲线,R为旋转矩阵,A为横截面积,L为磁性敷料长度,Mnet为净磁矩,在未发生变形时,磁性敷料没有净磁矩,B为外部磁场的磁感应强度,τ为外部磁场产生的磁扭矩。当施加外部磁场时,磁性层2发生弯曲变形产生净磁矩,净磁矩与外部磁场产生磁扭矩,磁性敷料在磁扭矩的作用下发生弯曲,直至净磁矩与外部磁场磁感应强度的方向一致弯曲停止,形成环状磁性敷料。
患者通过吞服的方式让环形磁性敷料进入人体内部,随后环形磁性敷料在永磁体4的控制下运行至病灶5处,并与病灶5发生接触。缓慢撤去永磁体4,磁性敷料缓慢变形直至呈现片状,磁性敷料载药层紧密贴敷在患处,随后在接下来一段时间内对患处进行药物释放,实行精准的靶向治疗。治疗完成后,再次利用永磁体对磁性敷料施加磁扭矩,使之便形成环状,从患处脱落。
本发明还提供了上述技术方案所述的磁性敷料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
制备载药层;
在所述载药层的表面喷涂磁性层浆料,形成磁性层,所述磁性层浆料中包含聚乙烯醇、谷蛋白和铁粒子,得到双层敷料;
将所述双层敷料表面形成保护层,得到所述磁性敷料。
本发明制备载药层。
在本发明中,所述载药层优选由包括以下步骤的方法制得:将壳聚糖、消炎药和水混合,得到水凝胶,所述壳聚糖和消炎药的质量比优选为1:1。本发明对所述消炎药的具体限定优选与上述方案一致,在此不再赘述。
得到载药层后,本发明在所述载药层的表面喷涂磁性层浆料,形成磁性层,所述磁性层浆料中包含聚乙烯醇、谷蛋白和铁粒子,得到双层敷料。本发明对所述聚乙烯醇、谷蛋白和铁粒子的用量以及粒径的限定优选与上述方案一致,在此不再赘述。
在本发明中,所述喷涂的厚度优选为1~2mm。
所述喷涂后,本发明优选还包括固化的步骤,本发明对所述固化的具体方式没有特殊的限定,采用本领域技术人员熟知的方式即可。
形成磁性层后,本发明优选以所述磁性层为内侧,所述载药层为外侧,弯曲在圆柱面后,进行磁化,得到双层敷料。
在本发明中,所述磁化的磁感应强度优选为10~20mT。本发明优选利用充磁机进行磁化,所述充磁机的磁感应强度优选为2.5~3T。在本发明中,所述磁化的作用是使磁性层具有特定的磁化曲线,便于实现敷料的吞服、递送。
得到双层敷料后,本发明将所述双层敷料在保护层浆料中浸渍,形成保护层,得到所述磁性敷料。
在本发明中,所述保护层浆料优选由海藻酸钠溶液和氯化钙溶液混合制得,所述海藻酸钠溶液的质量分数优选为6%,所述氯化钙溶液的质量分数优选为4%,所述海藻酸钠溶液和氯化钙溶液的质量比优选为1:1。
本发明还提供了上述技术方案所述的磁性敷料或上述技术方案所述的磁性敷料在制备靶向药物中的应用。本发明对所述应用的具体方式没有特殊的限定,采用本领域技术人员熟知的方式即可。
在本发明中,所述应用优选为用于胃溃疡期间进行病理位置的靶向治疗以及胃穿孔手术后加快创口愈合。
在本发明中,所述磁性敷料实现体内精准靶向治疗的方法具体为如下步骤:
a.磁性敷料准备:治疗前提前准备好需要用的磁性敷料,呈现片状。
b.通过永磁体对磁性敷料施加磁扭矩,磁性敷料在磁扭矩的作用下变形成为环状,此时保护层在外侧,磁性层在内测。
c.患者通过吞服形式将环形磁性敷料摄入体内进入胃部。
d.通过永磁体是环形磁性敷料运动至患者胃部患处,并与患处紧密贴合。
e.撤去永磁体的控制,即撤去磁扭矩的作用,磁性敷料缓慢恢复成片状,此过程中,因为磁性敷料的材料具有较强的贴附性,磁性敷料的保护层和患处始终紧密贴合。
f.磁性敷料保护层须在炎症部位特殊的生理环境下降解,载药层暴露,对患处进行药物释放,实现精准治疗。
g.治疗结束后,再次通过永磁体对磁性敷料施加磁扭矩,让磁性敷料变形成环状,从患处脱落。
h.根据实际需求,可重复上述步骤,实现多种药物的同部位靶向精准治疗,直至整个治疗过程结束。磁性敷料为生物可降解材料,将磁性敷料从患处脱落后即可撤去永磁体,结束治疗,让磁性敷料在人体内自然降解。
为了进一步说明本发明,下面结合实例对本发明提供的磁性敷料及其制备方法和应用进行详细地描述,但不能将它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
实施例1
采用壳聚糖与枸橼酸铋钾按质量比1:1制备水凝胶作为其载药层,
谷蛋白:铁粒子:聚乙烯醇溶液(质量分数10%)的质量比=1:8:11,铁粒子的粒径为6μm,将谷蛋白、铁粒子和聚乙烯醇溶液混合,得到磁性层浆料,将磁性层浆料喷涂在载药层表面,厚度为100μm,然后固化,形成固化敷料,将固化敷料弯曲套到圆柱面,磁性层在内侧,载药层在外侧,对其进行磁化(磁感应强度为10mT),得到双层敷料,将双层敷料置入海藻酸钠溶液(质量分数6%)中,再将其转入氯化钙溶液(质量分数4%)中,海藻酸钠溶液与氯化钙溶液的质量比为1:1,利用海藻酸钠与氯化钙的交联反应在双层敷料表面封装完成一层酸性环境下不反应、碱性环境下会发生溶解的海藻酸钙水凝胶保护层,形成磁性敷料。
磁性敷料实现体内精准靶向治疗的方法具体为如下步骤:
a.磁性敷料准备。
b.通过永磁体对磁性敷料施加磁扭矩,磁性敷料在磁扭矩的作用下变形成为环状,此时保护层在外侧,磁性层在内测。
c.患者通过吞服形式将环形磁性敷料摄入体内进入胃部。
d.通过永磁体是环形磁性敷料运动至患者胃部患处,并与患处紧密贴合。
e.撤去永磁体的控制,即撤去磁扭矩的作用,磁性敷料缓慢恢复成片状,此过程中,因为磁性敷料的材料具有较强的贴附性,磁性敷料的保护层和患处始终紧密贴合。
f.磁性敷料保护层须在炎症部位特殊的生理环境下降解,载药层暴露,对患处进行药物释放,实现精准治疗。
g.治疗结束后,再次通过永磁体对磁性敷料施加磁扭矩,让磁性敷料变形成环状,从患处脱落。
h.根据实际需求,可重复上述步骤,实现多种药物的同部位靶向精准治疗,直至整个治疗过程结束。磁性敷料为生物可降解材料,将磁性敷料从患处脱落后即可撤去永磁体,结束治疗,让磁性敷料在人体内自然降解。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制。应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种磁性敷料,其特征在于,包括依次层叠设置的磁性层、载药层和保护层,所述磁性层包括聚乙烯醇、谷蛋白和铁粒子;利用外部磁场对吞服的所述磁性敷料进行控制,通过改变外部磁场的方向使所述磁性敷料运动到病理位置,实现药物的定点释放,所述磁性敷料在外部磁场的作用下呈现环状,环状使磁性敷料通过吞服形式进入人体内,撤去外部磁场后,所述磁性敷料由环状改变成片状,完成整个病灶面的贴附,进行自主释药完成治疗;所述磁性层为内侧,所述载药层为外侧,弯曲在圆柱面后,进行磁化,所述磁化的作用是使磁性层具有特定的磁化曲线,实现敷料的吞服、递送。
2.根据权利要求1所述的磁性敷料,其特征在于,所述谷蛋白、铁粒子和聚乙烯醇的质量比为1:8:1.1。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的磁性敷料,其特征在于,所述铁粒子的粒径为6~10μm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的磁性敷料,其特征在于,所述保护层由海藻酸钠与氯化钙通过交联反应制得。
5.根据权利要求1所述的磁性敷料,其特征在于,所述载药层为由壳聚糖和消炎药制备的水凝胶。
6.权利要求1~5任一项所述的磁性敷料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
制备载药层;
在所述载药层的表面喷涂磁性层浆料,形成磁性层,所述磁性层浆料中包含聚乙烯醇、谷蛋白和铁粒子,得到双层敷料;
将所述双层敷料表面形成保护层,得到所述磁性敷料。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述载药层由包括以下步骤的方法制得:将壳聚糖、消炎药和水混合,得到水凝胶,所述壳聚糖和消炎药的质量比为1:1。
8.根据权利要求6或所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述形成磁性层后还包括磁化的步骤,所述磁化的磁感应强度为10~20mT。
9.根据权利要求6或所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述形成保护层为将所述浆料双层敷料依次在海藻酸钠溶液和氯化钙溶液中浸渍,所述海藻酸钠溶液的质量分数为6%,所述氯化钙溶液的质量分数为4%,所述海藻酸钠溶液和氯化钙溶液的质量比为1:1。
10.权利要求1~5任一项所述的磁性敷料或权利要求6~9任一项所述的制备方法制得的磁性敷料在制备靶向药物中的应用。
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