CN113722924B - Method for determining density of ground rainfall station in small drainage basin - Google Patents
Method for determining density of ground rainfall station in small drainage basin Download PDFInfo
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- CN113722924B CN113722924B CN202111041954.3A CN202111041954A CN113722924B CN 113722924 B CN113722924 B CN 113722924B CN 202111041954 A CN202111041954 A CN 202111041954A CN 113722924 B CN113722924 B CN 113722924B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for determining the density of a small-drainage-basin ground rainfall station, which comprises the following steps: s1: collecting the total rainfall on the ground monitored by the small watershed by using a rainfall station monitoring instrument; s2: setting a rainfall threshold, determining an effective monitoring area of the small basin monitoring ground, and calculating the rainfall of the effective monitoring area; s3: determining a central point of a non-effective monitoring area in the monitoring ground of the small watershed, and determining the rainfall thereof; s4, calculating a rainfall relative error; s5: and determining the density of the rainfall station according to the rainfall relative error. The rainfall station density determining method can optimize the layout of the rainfall stations, is not limited by the use scene and the topography, is suitable for the rainfall analysis of various small watercourses, has simple calculation method, does not need to search the geographical data of the rainfall stations and the small watercourses, and is convenient for the deployment of the rainfall station network planning.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rainfall station optimization, and particularly relates to a method for determining the density of a small-basin ground rainfall station.
Background
Scientific layout of the rainfall station network is a key to obtaining accurate rainfall data, but no standardized procedure involving the water monitoring network is involved except for the general guidelines of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) on minimum network density. The problem of the layout of the rainfall station network is attracting a great deal of attention.
When considering the layout of the rainfall stations, the number and the positions of the rainfall stations need to be considered, and accurate rainfall and space-time distribution of rainfall of the river basin can be obtained. For existing rainfall station networks, it is considered to cancel redundant stations to achieve this. Such as statistical methods, spatial interpolation methods, basin-based geographic feature methods, user investigation methods, and hybrid methods. However, these methods are generally computationally complex and have poor versatility.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of optimal distribution of rainfall stations, and provides a method for determining the density of ground rainfall stations in a small drainage basin.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the method for determining the density of the small-basin ground rainfall station comprises the following steps:
s1: collecting the total rainfall on the ground monitored by the small watershed by using a rainfall station monitoring instrument;
s2: setting a rainfall threshold, determining an effective monitoring area of the small basin monitoring ground, and calculating the rainfall of the effective monitoring area;
s3: based on the effective monitoring area, determining a central point of a non-effective monitoring area in the small-basin monitoring ground, and determining rainfall thereof;
s4: according to the rainfall of the effective monitoring area and the rainfall of the non-effective monitoring area, calculating the relative rainfall error;
s5: and determining the density of the rainfall station according to the rainfall relative error.
Further, in step S2, the specific method for determining the effective monitoring area of the small-basin monitoring ground is as follows: setting a rainfall threshold, dividing the small-river-basin monitoring ground into closed circles with equidistant diameters, and setting an area in the closed circles, in which the rainfall exceeds the threshold, as an effective monitoring area.
Further, in step S2, the calculation formula of the rainfall Q of the effective monitoring area is:
wherein R is eff Representing the radius of the effective monitored area, R max Representing the radius of the small watershed monitoring ground, R ed Representation of smallThe radius of the non-effective monitoring area in the drainage basin monitoring ground, h eff Indicating the runoff rainfall of the effective monitoring area.
Further, in step S3, the specific method for determining the preliminary site division information is as follows: and equidistant arrangement of the rainfall stations on a closed loop line of the effective monitoring area to form a closed polygon, and connecting diagonal lines of the closed polygon to obtain a central point of the non-effective monitoring area.
Further, in step S3, the calculation formula of the rainfall P in the non-effective monitoring area is:
wherein beta represents the distance between stations of rainfall, S ueff Represents the area of a closed polygon in the non-active monitoring area, h ueff Representing the amount of rainfall at the center point of the closed polygon.
Further, in step S4, the calculation formula of the relative error of the rainfall is:
wherein Q represents the rainfall of the effective monitoring area, P represents the rainfall of the non-effective monitoring area, and Z represents the total rainfall of the small-basin monitoring ground.
Further, in step S5, the calculation formula of the rainfall station density M is:
wherein Q represents the rainfall of the effective monitoring area, P represents the rainfall of the non-effective monitoring area, S ueff Representing the area of a closed polygon in the non-active monitoring area, R eff Representing the radius of the effective monitored area, R max Representing the radius of the small watershed monitoring ground, R ed Representing the radius of the non-effective monitoring area in the small watershed monitoring surface.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the rainfall station density determining method can optimize the layout of the rainfall stations, is not limited by the use scene and the topography, is suitable for the rainfall analysis of various small watercourses, has simple calculation method, does not need to search the geographical data of the rainfall stations and the small watercourses, and is convenient for the deployment of the rainfall station network planning.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of determining a density of a rain station.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Before describing particular embodiments of the present invention, in order to make the aspects of the present invention more apparent and complete, abbreviations and key term definitions appearing in the present invention will be described first:
the small river basin is usually a relatively independent and closed natural water collecting area below 50 square meters below two-level and three-level branches by taking the water diversion ridge and the outlet section of a downstream river channel as boundaries. Water conservancy generally refers to a river basin having an area of less than 50 square meters or a river course that is substantially within a county range. The area of the small watershed is generally not more than 50 square meters. The basic constituent unit of the small drainage basin is a micro drainage basin, and is a minimum natural water collecting unit defined for accurately dividing the boundary of the natural drainage basin and forming a drainage basin topological relation.
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention provides a method for determining the density of a small-basin ground rainfall station, which comprises the following steps:
s1: collecting the total rainfall on the ground monitored by the small watershed by using a rainfall station monitoring instrument;
s2: setting a rainfall threshold, determining an effective monitoring area of the small basin monitoring ground, and calculating the rainfall of the effective monitoring area;
s3: based on the effective monitoring area, determining a central point of a non-effective monitoring area in the small-basin monitoring ground, and determining rainfall thereof;
s4: according to the rainfall of the effective monitoring area and the rainfall of the non-effective monitoring area, calculating the relative rainfall error;
s5: and determining the density of the rainfall station according to the rainfall relative error.
In the embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the specific method for determining the effective monitoring area of the small-basin monitoring ground is as follows: setting a rainfall threshold, dividing the small-river-basin monitoring ground into closed circles with equidistant diameters, and setting an area in the closed circles, in which the rainfall exceeds the threshold, as an effective monitoring area.
In each rainfall, the rainfall is unevenly distributed on the ground, the rainfall is generally reduced from a storm area to the edge, an effective monitoring area is extracted, the accuracy of setting the rainfall station can be ensured, the use efficiency of the rainfall station is improved, and the waste is avoided.
In the embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the specific method for determining the effective monitoring area of the small-basin monitoring ground is as follows: setting a rainfall threshold, dividing the small-river-basin monitoring ground into closed circles with equidistant diameters, and setting an area in the closed circles, in which the rainfall exceeds the threshold, as an effective monitoring area.
In the embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the calculation formula of the rainfall Q of the effective monitoring area is:
wherein R is eff Representing the radius of the effective monitored area, R max Representing the radius of the small watershed monitoring ground, R ed Representing the radius, h, of a non-effective monitoring area in a small watershed monitoring ground eff Indicating the runoff rainfall of the effective monitoring area.
In the embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, the specific method for determining the preliminary site division information is as follows: and equidistant arrangement of the rainfall stations on a closed loop line of the effective monitoring area to form a closed polygon, and connecting diagonal lines of the closed polygon to obtain a central point of the non-effective monitoring area.
In the embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, the calculation formula of the rainfall P of the non-effective monitoring area is:
wherein beta represents the distance between stations of rainfall, S ueff Represents the area of a closed polygon in the non-active monitoring area, h ueff Representing the amount of rainfall at the center point of the closed polygon.
In the embodiment of the present invention, in step S4, the calculation formula of the relative error of the rainfall is:
wherein Q represents the rainfall of the effective monitoring area, P represents the rainfall of the non-effective monitoring area, and Z represents the total rainfall of the small-basin monitoring ground.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, in step S5, a calculation formula of the rainfall station density M is:
wherein Q represents the rainfall of the effective monitoring area, P represents the rainfall of the non-effective monitoring area, S ueff Representing the area of a closed polygon in the non-active monitoring area, R eff Representing the radius of the effective monitored area, R max Representing the radius of the small watershed monitoring ground, R ed Representing the radius of the non-effective monitoring area in the small watershed monitoring surface.
The working principle and the working process of the invention are as follows: the amount of rainfall for a period of time is unevenly distributed on the monitored ground, typically decreasing from the center of the storm to the edges. The invention locates the storm center in the effective monitoring area, and the monitoring data of the area is representative. And after the effective monitoring range and the total rainfall are determined according to the set threshold and the total rainfall, determining an ineffective monitoring area by adopting a central point. And (3) supposing that a plurality of rainfall stations are distributed on the edge of the non-effective monitoring area, connecting the rainfall stations in a straight line to form a polygon, and determining the center of the polygon. The storm in the center of the polygon is the storm amount of missed detection. And finally, determining the density of the rainfall station according to the rainfall relative error.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the rainfall station density determining method can optimize the layout of the rainfall stations, is not limited by the use scene and the topography, is suitable for the rainfall analysis of various small watercourses, has simple calculation method, does not need to search the geographical data of the rainfall stations and the small watercourses, and is convenient for the deployment of the rainfall station network planning.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the embodiments described herein are for the purpose of aiding the reader in understanding the principles of the present invention and should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to such specific statements and embodiments. Those of ordinary skill in the art can make various other specific modifications and combinations from the teachings of the present disclosure without departing from the spirit thereof, and such modifications and combinations remain within the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (3)
1. The method for determining the density of the small-basin ground rainfall station is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: collecting the total rainfall on the ground monitored by the small watershed by using a rainfall station monitoring instrument;
s2: setting a rainfall threshold, determining an effective monitoring area of the small basin monitoring ground, and calculating the rainfall of the effective monitoring area;
s3: based on the effective monitoring area, determining a central point of a non-effective monitoring area in the small-basin monitoring ground, and determining rainfall thereof;
s4: according to the rainfall of the effective monitoring area and the rainfall of the non-effective monitoring area, calculating the relative rainfall error;
s5: determining the density of the rainfall station according to the relative error of the rainfall;
in the step S2, a calculation formula of the rainfall Q of the effective monitoring area is as follows:
wherein R is eff Representing the radius of the effective monitored area, R max Representation ofSmall basin monitoring ground radius, R ed Representing the radius, h, of a non-effective monitoring area in a small watershed monitoring ground eff Representing runoff rainfall of the effective monitoring area;
in the step S3, the calculation formula of the rainfall P in the non-effective monitoring area is as follows:
wherein beta represents the distance between stations of rainfall, S ueff Represents the area of a closed polygon in the non-active monitoring area, h ueff Representing the rainfall of the closed polygon center point;
in the step S4, the calculation formula of the relative error of the rainfall is:
wherein Q represents the rainfall of an effective monitoring area, P represents the rainfall of a non-effective monitoring area, and Z represents the total rainfall of the monitoring ground of a small watershed;
in the step S5, the calculation formula of the rainfall station density M is:
wherein Q represents the rainfall of the effective monitoring area, P represents the rainfall of the non-effective monitoring area, S ueff Representing the area of a closed polygon in the non-active monitoring area, R eff Representing the radius of the effective monitored area, R max Representing the radius of the small watershed monitoring ground, R ed Representing the radius of the non-effective monitoring area in the small watershed monitoring surface.
2. The method for determining the density of the small-basin ground rainfall station according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the specific method for determining the effective monitoring area of the small-basin monitoring ground is as follows: setting a rainfall threshold, dividing the small-river-basin monitoring ground into closed circles with equidistant diameters, and setting an area in the closed circles, in which the rainfall exceeds the threshold, as an effective monitoring area.
3. The method for determining the density of the small-basin ground rainfall station according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the specific method for determining the preliminary site division information is as follows: and equidistant arrangement of the rainfall stations on a closed loop line of the effective monitoring area to form a closed polygon, and connecting diagonal lines of the closed polygon to obtain a central point of the non-effective monitoring area.
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| KR102076595B1 (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2020-02-12 | 강원대학교산학협력단 | System and method for providing realtime rainfall information using vehicle rainsensor bigdata |
| WO2021003768A1 (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2021-01-14 | 大连理工大学 | Rural grass-roots flood early-warning method based on antecedent precipitation and upstream-downstream topological relationship |
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