CN105046592A - Plain area water system characteristic evaluation method based on ArcGIS (Geographic Information System) - Google Patents
Plain area water system characteristic evaluation method based on ArcGIS (Geographic Information System) Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of the hydrographic engineering, in particular to a plain area water system characteristic evaluation method based on an ArcGIS (Geographic Information System). The plain area water system characteristic evaluation method comprises the following steps: 1) scanning a paper topographic map, and obtaining a picture with a geographic coordinate system and a projection; 2) carrying out water system classification on the picture obtained in the step 1), and independently digitizing each level of water system to obtain a digital plain river network map; 3) according to a water system structure characteristic index, endowing a water system characteristic parameter of the water system structure characteristic of the digital plain river network map; and 4) according to the digital plain river network map obtained in the step 2) and the water system characteristic parameter obtained in the step 3, carrying out comprehensive evaluation on the plain water system. The plain area water system characteristic evaluation method has the beneficial effects that the water system characteristics and the hydrographic characteristics of a plain river network are comprehensively and systematically expressed through five indexes. Compared with a traditional complex and repeated index, the evaluation method is more systematic and scientific.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to hydraulic engineering technical field, be specifically related to a kind of plains region drainage characteristic evaluation method based on ArcGIS.
Background technology
The growth of Plain water system is strong by mankind's activity interference, aqueous development has run counter to the law of development of natural stream networks, and be difficult to as natural stream networks DEM extracts the network of waterways automatically, extract water system and carry out classification, thus cause river, plains region quantity, the statistics of length is difficult to carry out.
Existing plains region water system planning quantivative approach is various and unitarity is short of.Plain River Network Areas elevation difference is less, dividing without obvious upstream and downstream, and water system is generally crisscross in latticed, and the distribution of water system and structure (or general layout) are difficult to directly be described with traditional geomorphology's stage division.From existing document, current water system planning quantivative approach mainly contains the index such as Water Surface Ratio, river surface rate, drainage density, river frequency, river growth coefficient, river networks structure degree of stability, network of waterways complexity, river (chain) curvature, length ratio, branching ratio, box counting dimension, Horton dimension.Quantitative method is variant because of the acquiring way difference of study area lineament, network of waterways data.
Some indexs characterizing natural stream networks structure are more directly applied in the water system of Plain.As length ratio, branching ratio and Horton dimension.The setting up of index such as length ratio, branching ratio are the features based on each rank length of natural stream networks and quantity with index variation, and the partition of the level of natural stream networks (as Stralher classification) starts to increase to downstream rank from upstream based on aqueous development, river course broadens and river is long becomes this rule large.And Plain water system is very different due to the reason of its morphologic characteristics and formation and natural stream networks (as dendritic drainage), using natural stream networks structure index can quantitative region of no relief water system planning feature to a certain extent, but uses widely and also need further theoretical analysis and practical proof.
The poor efficiency polyisomenism of index.As Fractal Dimensions of Network of Waterways number and drainage density have significant correlation.How selecting some fewer but better indexs, can reduce the poor efficiency analysis that a large amount of indexs is brought, can show again feature and the change of plains region water system planning fully, is the research of current water system planning research in the urgent need to induction and conclusion.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention, for prior art Problems existing, provides feature and the change of a kind of abundant performance plains region water system planning, the plains region drainage characteristic evaluation method based on ArcGIS that assess effectiveness is high.
Technical solution of the present invention, for providing a kind of plains region drainage characteristic evaluation method based on ArcGIS, comprises the steps:
Step 1: to the scanning of papery topomap, and carry out registration, projection based on ArcMAP, obtain the picture of geographic coordinate system and projection;
Step 2: step 1 gained picture is carried out water type distribution according to water type distribution standard, respectively digitizing is carried out to water system at different levels, described water type distribution standard carries out classification according to river width, and described water type distribution comprises trunk river course, one-level tributary, secondary tributary Three Estate; And the standard of its correspondence is: d >=20m, 20m > d >=10m and d < 10m, d are river width; According to water type distribution, in ArcCatalog, set up water system layer at different levels respectively, digitizing is carried out to step 1 gained picture, carry out topology correction after digitizing terminates, obtain digital plain river network figure;
Step 3: according to water system planning characteristic index, gives the drainage characteristic parameter of the water system planning feature of step 2 gained numeral plain river network figure; Described water system planning characteristic index is: general features, architectural feature, complexity features; The parameter of described general features comprises drainage density and Water Surface Ratio, and the parameter of described architectural feature comprises the network of waterways and grows coefficient and Area length ratio, and the parameter of described complicacy comprises box counting dimension;
Step 4: comprehensive evaluation is carried out to Plain water system according to step 2 gained numeral plain river network figure and step 3 gained drainage characteristic parameter.
Preferably, above-mentioned based in the plains region drainage characteristic evaluation method of ArcGIS, when described papery topomap is the papery topomap of 1:5 ten thousand ratio, one-level tributary river width is 15m, and secondary tributary river width is 5m.
Preferably, above-mentioned based in the plains region drainage characteristic evaluation method of ArcGIS, the parameter of described architectural feature also comprises Area length ratio.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: technical solution of the present invention carries out theoretical analysis to current used plains region water system planning quantivative approach from the aspect such as implication, susceptibility of parameter, the similarities and differences between more each parameter and contact, find out the independent variable factor, reduce the possibility expressing repetition between multiple parameter.Adopted tens of indexs in evaluation method, whole process is more loaded down with trivial details in the past, and the present invention is by 5 indexs, and wherein Area length ratio is New Set of the present invention, can express drainage characteristic, the hydrological characteristics of plain river network like this comprehensive system.Compared with the index of numerous and diverse repetition in the past, evaluation method of the present invention has more systematicness and science.
Water type distribution in technical solution of the present invention is latticed according to plains region water system and by the larger feature of man's activity, analyzes according to river width, with in the past conflux compared with feature (as Stralher classification) according to water system, more realistic.Separate between water system index, system takes into account the features such as form, quantity, composition structure, complicacy, fully characterizes the drainage characteristic of plains region with minimum index.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the digital drainage map of the specific embodiment of the invention obtains process flow diagram;
Fig. 2 is the plain river network drainage characteristic evaluation map of the specific embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the framing topomap of the Taihu Lake basin Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou area of the embodiment 1 of the specific embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is the framing map digital result figure of the Taihu Lake basin Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou area of the embodiment 1 of the specific embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is the Taihu Lake basin Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou area drainage map of the embodiment 1 of the specific embodiment of the invention;
Embodiment
By describing technology contents of the present invention, structural attitude in detail, realized object and effect, accompanying drawing is coordinated to be explained in detail below in conjunction with embodiment.
Gordian technique design of the present invention is: adopt tens of indexs in the water system evaluation method of prior art plains region, whole process is more loaded down with trivial details, and the present invention is by 5 indexs, and drainage characteristic, the hydrological characteristics of plain river network are expressed in comprehensive system ground.
Refer to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the invention provides a kind of plains region drainage characteristic evaluation method based on ArcGIS, comprise the steps:
Step 1: scanning is carried out to papery topomap and obtains tiff format picture, carry out the registration of topomap picture, projection in ArcGIS9.x is with upper mounting plate ArcMAP, obtain the picture of geographic coordinate system and projection;
Step 2: step 1 gained topomap picture is carried out classification according to water type distribution standard, the topomap must drawn according to water type distribution standard, described water type distribution standard carries out classification according to river width, and described water type distribution comprises trunk river course, one-level tributary, secondary tributary Three Estate; And the standard of its correspondence is: d >=20m, 20m > d >=10m and d < 10m, d are river width;
According to above-mentioned water type distribution, in ArcCatalog, set up water system layer at different levels respectively, respectively digitizing is carried out to the picture in step 1, carry out topology correction after digitizing terminates, obtain digital plain river network figure;
Step 3: according to water system planning characteristic index, gives the drainage characteristic parameter of the water system planning feature of step 2 gained numeral plain river network figure; Described water system planning characteristic index is: general features, architectural feature, complexity features three class; The parameter of described general features comprises drainage density and Water Surface Ratio, and the parameter of described architectural feature comprises the network of waterways and grows coefficient and Area length ratio, and the parameter of described complicacy comprises box counting dimension;
Step 4: comprehensive evaluation is carried out to Plain water system according to step 2 gained numeral plain river network figure and step 3 gained drainage characteristic parameter.
Plain water system is divided into general features, architectural feature, complexity features etc. and is described by the present invention:
The parameter of general features comprises drainage density and Water Surface Ratio two parameters.Drainage density (D
r) river total length (L namely in the unit area of basin
r), the namely ratio (formula (1)) of the area of water system overall length and water system sediments.The size of drainage density is relevant with the various measures of a regional physical environment such as weather, lithology, soil, vegetative coverage and mankind's nature remodeling.River network of watershed density is large, represents that Segmented fluid theory intensity is large, and strong to the accumulating capability of precipitation, drainage density low then basin water yield Regulation capacity is more weak.Water Surface Ratio (W
p) refer to water area (A under the water body mean annual water level such as river course and lake
w) ratio (formula (2)) in territory, the occupied area total area (A), be the common counter during River is analyzed.
The parameter of architectural feature comprises the network of waterways and grows coefficient (K
ω) and river Area length ratio (R
aL) two parameters.Coefficient (K is grown in tributary
ω, ω=1,2 ...) be the ratio of tributaries at different levels river length and trunk river length, represent the development degree in tributary at different levels.The present invention one-level tributary total length (L
1) and secondary tributary total length (L
2) ratio of sum and trunk river total length represents that coefficient (K is grown in the network of waterways
1,
2) (formula (3)).Trunk river Area length ratio (R
aL) be the area (A in trunk river in basin
0) with the total length (L in river
0) ratio (formula (4)), Area length is than larger, and show that the river area of unit river length is larger, river discharge capacity strengthens, otherwise Area length is than little, contracted waterway, and discharge capacity dies down.
Complexity features parameter network of waterways box counting dimension (D
0) represent.An entirety is regarded as in the network of waterways by box counting dimension, and the complicacy of the statistics network of waterways, method is easy.Box counting dimension (D
0) be apply one of maximum fractal dimension.Its computation process covers the network of waterways with the box (or grid) that the length of side is r, wherein has river in some box, do not have river in some box, and statistics has the number of river box, is designated as D
(r).The size of conversion box, obtains a series of D like this
(r).When r → 0, obtain box counting dimension (formula (5)).
Embodiment 1
Based on a plains region drainage characteristic evaluation method of ArcGIS, step is:
(A) survey region river network data are obtained
A1, scanning and registration.To study area 1:5 very much width topomap scan, precision is greater than 300dpi.In ArcMap, load scintigram, layer display degree of being set to (DegreesDecimalMinutes), carries out registration according to landform map reference, derives (rectify) and becomes tiff to scheme.In ArcCatalog, arrange coordinate system and the projection of figure, become the figure time according to study area zone position with topomap, coordinate is Beijing 1954, is projected as Gauss Kru&4&ger projection's 6 degree of points of bands 21 and is with (Beijing1954GKZone21N.prj).
A2, set up layer.One-level tributary (layer is 1.), secondary tributary (layer is 2.) 2 Linear element VectorLayers are set up in ArcCatalog, and trunk river (layer 3.), lake (layer 4.) 2 area pattern VectorLayers.Layer after foundation arranges coordinate system and projection (Beijing1954GKZone21N.prj) more respectively.
A3, digitizing.In ArcMap, load topomap and each layer after registration, respectively digitizing is carried out to each layer.One-level tributary corresponds to thick single line river in topomap, and secondary tributary corresponds to thin single line river in topomap, and lake corresponds to lake and pond in topomap, and trunk river corresponds to planar trunk river course in topomap.
After the digitizing of trunk river course terminates, again trunk river VectorLayer (.shp) is converted into raster map layer (.img), then Reclassify instrument is utilized, carry out binary conversion treatment to raster map layer, recycling arcscan carries out Automatic Vector and extracts center line (layer 5.).On the basis completing single width map digital, respectively each layer is spliced, cuts, superposed, finally obtain study area numeral drainage map (digital plain river network figure).
A4, drainage map topology is revised.In ArcCatalog, set up personal data collection (PERSONALGEODATABASE), its lower establishment key element collection (featuredataset), and define coordinate system, create factor kind (featureclass).Under this key element collection, a newly-built topology rule (topology), cluster error (Clustertolerrance) is 10m.Network of waterways topology rule for Linear element has: can not have hanging node (<50m); Dummy node can not be had; Can not wiredly intersect and overlapping (between different key element); Self intersection and oneself overlap can not be had; A line feature can only be made up of a part; Can not intersect and interior contact etc.
(B) preliminary data of network of waterways length and area is obtained
B1, one-level tributary river width are generalized as 15m.
B2, secondary tributary river width are generalized as 5m.
B3, in ArcMap, open wire layer 1., open attribute list (openatributetable), field (addfield) is increased at option (options), field is called length, utilize caculategeometry computational length, unit is km, and recycling statistic adds up total length (L
1).
B4, in ArcMap, open wire layer 1., increase field (addfield) at option (options), field is called area, utilizes fieldcaculate reference area, area=length × 0.015, and unit is km
2.Statistic is utilized to add up the total area (A
1).
B5, in ArcMap, open wire layer 2., method is identical with B1, adds up its total length (L
2).
B6, in ArcMap, open wire layer 2., increase field (addfield) at option (options), field is called area, utilizes fieldcaculate reference area, area=length × 0.005, and unit is km
2.Add up its total area (A
2).
B7, in ArcMap, open planar layer 3., in attribute list, increase field area, add up its total area (A
0), unit is km
2.
B8, in ArcMap, open planar layer 4., method is identical with B5, adds up its total area (A
h).
In ArcMap, open wire layer 5., method is identical with B1, adds up its total length (L
0).
(C) network of waterways general features
C1, calculating drainage density (D
r), the region total area is A:
C2, calculating Water Surface Ratio (W
p), the region total area is A:
(D) river networks structure feature
Coefficient (K is grown in D1, the calculating network of waterways
1,2):
D2, calculating trunk river Area length ratio (R
aL):
(E) network of waterways complexity features
In ArcMap, the trunk river axis in the network of waterways, one-level tributary, secondary tributary layer are merged (union), obtain the single factor vector figure in the whole network of waterways.Utilize the toraster in crossover tool (conversiontools) that VectorLayer is converted into raster map layer, the size (r) of conversion is set to 300m, 250m, 200m, 150m, 100m, 50m respectively.Grid quantity (N is added up respectively in attribute list (openatributetable)
(r)): N
(300), N
(250), N
(200), N
(150), N
(100), N
(50).
By r in attribute list, N (r) imports in excel, LOG10 function is utilized to calculate its logarithm value respectively, obtain LOG10r row and LOG10N (r) row, box counting dimension (D0) is obtained for-SLOPE (LOG10N (r) arranges, and LOG10r arranges) utilizing SLOPE function.
These parameters, in general features, drainage density characterizes unit area river development degree, and Water Surface Ratio characterizes the Regulation capacity in unit area river and lake; In architectural feature, the network of waterways is grown coefficient and is characterized the composition in river at different levels, the network of waterways and the development degree in tributary, and master stream Area length is than the discharge capacity characterizing the area in master stream and the asynchronism of length variations and master stream; In complicacy parameter, box counting dimension characterizes the complicacy of network of waterways distribution.
Embodiment 2
For Taihu Lake basin Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou area 1960s 50,000 topomap, Hangjiahu Plain district is positioned at Taihu Lake basin south, and area is about 7607km
2.In district, river course is crisscross, belongs to typical plains region, drainage density 2.3km/km
2, Water Surface Ratio is about 8.6%.The 1:5 ten thousand papery topomap of Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou area 1960s is scanned, registration (referring to Fig. 3 study area framing topomap), digitizing (referring to Fig. 4 map digital), topology verification, splicing and cutting etc., obtain drainage map (referring to Fig. 5 study area drainage map).Table 1 is river network in plain areas of the present invention water system river classification.Table 2 is the present invention 2 water system planning index parameter system.Following table 1 is plains region of the present invention water type distribution, and table 2 is water system planning index parameter systems of the present invention.
The water system river classification of table 1 river network in plain areas
| Rank | Actual river width | 1:50000 papery topomap illustrates | Conversion river width | Function |
| Trunk river | >20m | > 0.4mm two-wire | Chi in proportion | Flood passage |
| One-level tributary | 10～20m | The thick single line of 0.3mm | 15m | Charge for remittance |
| Secondary tributary | 0～10m | The thin single line of 0.15mm | 5m | Charge for remittance |
Table 2 water system planning index parameter system
Embodiment 3
Within 2000, lack digital topography map in the past, be unfavorable for drainage characteristic analysis.The present invention is based on ArcGIS technology, adopt straightforward procedure to extract topomap water system data, be convenient to implementation and operation.
The present invention is by 3 class, 5 index characterization Plain River Network Areas drainage characteristics, and separate between water system index, system takes into account the features such as form, quantity, composition structure, complicacy, fully characterizes the drainage characteristic of river network in plain areas with minimum index.Wherein Area length ratio is New Set of the present invention, and compared with the index of numerous and diverse repetition in the past, evaluation method of the present invention has more systematicness and science.And method is simple to operate, be convenient to promote to other areas.The advantage that table 3 is index parameter system of the present invention.
Table 3
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby the scope of the claims of the present invention is limited; every utilize instructions of the present invention and accompanying drawing content to do equivalent structure or equivalent flow process conversion; or be directly or indirectly used in other relevant technical fields, be all in like manner included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1., based on a plains region drainage characteristic evaluation method of ArcGIS, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
Step 1: to the scanning of papery topomap, and carry out registration, projection based on ArcMAP, obtain the picture of geographic coordinate system and projection;
Step 2: step 1 gained picture is carried out water type distribution according to water type distribution standard, described water type distribution standard carries out classification according to river width, and described water type distribution comprises trunk river course, one-level tributary, secondary tributary Three Estate; And the standard of its correspondence is: d >=20m, 20m > d >=10m and d < 10m, d are river width; According to water type distribution, in ArcCatalog, set up water system layer at different levels respectively, digitizing is carried out to step 1 gained picture, carry out topology correction after digitizing terminates, obtain digital plain river network figure;
Step 3: according to water system planning characteristic index, gives the drainage characteristic parameter of the water system planning feature of step 2 gained numeral plain river network figure; Described water system planning characteristic index is: general features, architectural feature, complexity features; The parameter of described general features comprises drainage density and Water Surface Ratio, and the parameter of described architectural feature comprises the network of waterways and grows coefficient and Area length ratio, and the parameter of described complicacy comprises box counting dimension;
Step 4: comprehensive evaluation is carried out to Plain water system according to step 2 gained numeral plain river network figure and step 3 gained drainage characteristic parameter.
2. the plains region drainage characteristic evaluation method based on ArcGIS according to claim 1, is characterized in that, when described papery topomap is the papery topomap of 1:5 ten thousand ratio, one-level tributary river width is 15m, and secondary tributary river width is 5m.
3. the plains region drainage characteristic evaluation method based on ArcGIS according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the parameter of described architectural feature also comprises Area length ratio.
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| CN116912435A (en) * | 2023-04-03 | 2023-10-20 | 江苏省气候中心 | Plain water network area river channel data and DEM correction method thereof |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105550937A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-05-04 | 清华大学 | Grading display method for GIS elements of digital irrigation area |
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| CN115329857A (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2022-11-11 | 武汉理工大学 | Inland river navigation water area grading method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN115329857B (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2024-02-09 | 武汉理工大学 | Inland navigation water area grade division method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN116912435A (en) * | 2023-04-03 | 2023-10-20 | 江苏省气候中心 | Plain water network area river channel data and DEM correction method thereof |
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