CN111460742B - Method for constructing urban river and lake water network flood control and rainfall flood resource utilization model - Google Patents
Method for constructing urban river and lake water network flood control and rainfall flood resource utilization model Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for constructing a city river and lake water network flood control and rainfall flood resource utilization model, which comprises the steps of obtaining river water system pictures or vector data, river section measurement data and lake topography measurement data of a target area, generalizing a water network model of the target area, extracting typical rivers and lakes and generating a river network file; setting boundary conditions and model parameters of a model according to collected actually-measured rainfall, evaporation and wind field data; acquiring flood control standard grade requirements of flood control protection objects in a water network, controlling each parameter of a building, and drawing up a scheduling rule of a built or set pump station and a gate control building; respectively establishing a one-dimensional river channel model MIKE11 and a two-dimensional lake model MIKE21, and establishing a one-dimensional and two-dimensional hydrodynamic coupling model of MIKE FLOOD in a water network region on the basis of the one-dimensional river channel model MIKE11 and the two-dimensional lake model MIKE 21; and utilizing the constructed MIKE FLOOD one-dimensional and two-dimensional hydrodynamic coupling model.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of flood control and rainfall flood resource utilization of urban river and lake water networks, in particular to a construction method of a flood control and rainfall flood resource utilization water network model.
Background
With the rapid development of the urbanization process of China, population, industry and wealth are rapidly concentrated to cities, and the urbanization process is accelerated continuously to provide brand new requirements for the city ability to cope with flood disasters. According to statistics, about 2/3 of cities in China suffer flood disasters to different degrees, and most of the cities are in heavy rainfall areas such as long triangles and bead triangles. According to requirements, the flood control standard recurrence period of the first-class cities in China is 200 years, but the current flood control standard recurrence period of some cities is only one-100-50 years (for example, nanjing), and great flood control standard improvement requirements are also met. Meanwhile, due to uneven distribution in rainfall year, partial cities in China face the problem of water supply safety guarantee, and the guarantee rate of production and living water in the dry season needs to be further improved.
At present, flood control measures commonly applied in cities comprise dikes, flood diversion projects, reservoir flood control projects and the like, river discharge is enlarged, and flood diversion, dredging and flood interception are performed through construction and application of the projects so as to achieve the flood control purpose.
The advanced urban water treatment experience in the world takes the utilization of rain flood resources as one of the main purposes. After the urban drainage capacity is improved and the river channel overflowing capacity is increased in the early stage, the utilization of rainwater resources is promoted actively in the 70 s, an urban river comprehensive water control countermeasure system is provided, and the rainwater and flood resources are utilized to provide social and economic development services while flood disasters are prevented. The Low Impact Development (LID) concept was introduced in the United states in the 1990's, and Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) were launched in the United kingdom. The above examples are the world's exploration for the utilization of rain flood resources, but these exploration are mainly means of drainage and collection of water by pipe networks.
At present, the communication of urban rivers and lakes and water networks is an objective fact formed after the communication of rivers and lakes is increased along with the development of modern urban economy, and the flood control and water resource utilization benefits of the water networks play an important role in improving the urban flood control standard and guaranteeing the development of urban social economy. Simply speaking, the city can utilize setting up pump station, gate etc. in the water network and controlling the building, store the water level of water network in the flood season, with flood reclamation harm as benefit when guaranteeing flood control safety, guarantee water supply safety in the withered season. The method solves the problems that firstly, a model of a flood control and rain flood resource utilization water network needs to be established, the hydrodynamic process of the water network is accurately simulated, and services are provided for scientifically dispatching gates, pump stations and the like in the water network to control buildings and efficiently utilize rain flood resources.
The invention content is as follows:
in order to overcome the defects of the background art, the invention provides a method for constructing a flood control and rainfall flood resource utilization model of an urban river, lake and water network, so that rainfall flood resources are better utilized.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for constructing a flood control and rainfall flood resource utilization model of an urban river/lake water network comprises the following steps:
step 1, acquiring river water system pictures or vector data, river section measurement data and lake topography measurement data of a target area, generalizing a water network model of the target area, extracting typical rivers and lakes and generating a river network file;
step 3, acquiring flood control standard grade requirements of flood control protection objects in the water network, controlling each parameter of the building, and drawing up a scheduling rule of a built or set pump station and gate control building;
step 4, respectively establishing a one-dimensional river channel model MIKE11 and a two-dimensional lake model MIKE21, and establishing a one-dimensional and two-dimensional hydrodynamic coupling model of MIKE FLOOD in the water network region on the basis of the one-dimensional river channel model MIKE11 and the two-dimensional lake model MIKE 21;
step 5, judging whether the FLOOD control capability of the water network meets the FLOOD control requirement by using the constructed MIKE FLOOD one-dimensional and two-dimensional hydrodynamic coupling model, if not, returning to the step 2, if yes, entering the step 6,
and 6, determining parameters of the water network control building according to the parameters obtained in the step 3, and determining a model according to the step 4.
Preferably, the boundary conditions include: water level, flow, rainfall, evaporation, wind field of the water network.
Preferably, the model parameters include: riverbed roughness, riverbed resistance, water density and vortex viscosity coefficient.
Preferably, the control building comprises a pump station and a gate
Preferably, the control building parameters include specific geographic location parameters, design parameters, floor space, and scheduling rules for the pumping station and the gates.
Preferably, the geographic position parameters of the pump station and the gate comprise coordinates; the design parameters of the pump station and the gate comprise the elevation of a gate bottom plate, the number of gate holes and the width.
Preferably, controlling the building dispatching rules comprises:
scheduling the water level of the fixed city lake by using a pump station, opening the pump station when the water level of the fixed city lake rises above the warning water level of the fixed city lake, and closing the pump station when the water level of the fixed city lake falls below the fortification water level of the fixed city lake; when the incoming water is continuously large, the water level of the pump station is continuously increased after the pump station works and exceeds (the target area meets the flood control standard water level + the solid city lake warning water level for 50 years)/2, the gate is opened to assist flood discharge, and when the water level is lower than the solid city lake warning water level of the target area, the gate is closed.
Preferably, the specific method for judging whether the flood control capability of the water network meets the flood control requirement comprises the following steps: and acquiring the actually measured water level data of the Gucheng lake hydrological station, and judging whether the actually measured water level data of the Gucheng lake hydrological station is lower than a preset flood control standard water level.
Preferably, after judging whether the flood control capability of the water network meets the flood control requirement or not, judging whether the utilization efficiency of the water network and the rainfall flood resources meets the set requirement or not, if not, returning to the step 2, and if so, entering the step 6; the method for judging whether the utilization benefits of the water network and the rain flood resources meet the set requirements or not comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of obtaining gap data of a target area for water resource requirements, and obtaining whether the newly added water utilization amount reaches a preset water utilization amount, wherein the preset water utilization amount is a preset artificial experience parameter.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: on the basis of the traditional flood control and drainage functions of a gate and a pump station, a new function of regulating and controlling rainfall flood resources is given. By respectively establishing a MIKE11 one-dimensional river channel model and a MIKE21 two-dimensional lake model, establishing a water network region MIKE FLOOD one-dimensional and two-dimensional hydrodynamic coupling model on the basis, comprehensively considering factors such as water system conditions, water resource conditions, water engineering scheduling functions of gates, pump stations and the like of rivers and lakes in regions, optimizing the scheduling modes of the gates and the pump stations in the water network region, and meeting the requirement that the urban water network safely and fully utilizes rainfall FLOOD resources on the premise of guaranteeing the safety of FLOOD control and drainage.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating comparative analysis of water level simulation results according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a diagram of a pump station pumping and draining flow rate process in a rainfall flood resource utilization water network according to an embodiment of the present invention (negative values indicate drainage);
fig. 4 is a process diagram of the auxiliary outflow volume discharge of the gate in the rain flood resource utilization water network according to the embodiment of the present invention (negative values indicate outflow).
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The present embodiment will be described in detail with reference to the construction of a water network for resource utilization of flood control and rain flood in a certain area as an example.
Step 1, collecting basic data such as river water systems (pictures or vector data), river section measurement data, lake terrain measurement data and the like of a research area, generalizing a water network model of the research area by using an ArcGIS geographic information system, extracting typical rivers and lakes, and generating xyz files for identification of MIKE software to import the MIKE software to generate river network files;
generally speaking, the types of the collected river and lake water network data obtained through research comprise vector data, reports, tables, pictures and the like, which are relatively cluttered and huge, and the research takes an ArcGIS as a main technical means, visually and interactively processes the collected multi-source river and lake water network data, extracts the relevant data of main rivers and lakes including geographic information, and generates a river network topology file capable of being identified by MIKE software. The main data outlined in this study for the unsophisticated region include: 1) River and lake files such as a Shuiyang river, a Shuibiqiao river, an Yanxi river, a Shiguhe river, a xu river, a Gucheng lake and the like, and related river cross sections and lake underwater topography and riverbed roughness data; 2) The design parameters of the Yangjia Bay gate, the Shuibi bridge gate, the Sheshan gate, the yellow mud gate and the Maodong gate, the elevation of a gate bottom plate, the number of gate holes, the width and the like; 3) Rainfall, evaporation, runoff, water level, wind speed and other relevant hydrometeorological data.
setting the initial water level of the fixed city lake to be 9.5 meters according to the measured data; the Biqiao river, guan xi river, shi Gu river and xu river are connected with the Gucheng lake, and the standard connection is set in the model; boundary conditions such as rainfall, evaporation, wind field and the like are set based on 2016 measured data. The roughness in the model is 0.03, the riverbed resistance is 0.32m1/3/s, the maximum iteration number is 20, the water density is set as a constant, the vortex viscosity coefficient is 0.28, and except the parameters set in the embodiment, the other parameters adopt default parameters of software.
The Shuiyangjiang and the stone mortar lake are used as outer boundary conditions of the model, wherein the Shuiyangjiang is respectively set as an upstream flow and a downstream water level boundary according to actual investigation conditions, and the stone mortar lake is subjected to simplification treatment and set as a fixed water level boundary of 8 meters.
Step 3, collecting flood control standards of flood control protection objects in the water network, and geographical positions (coordinates), scales and scheduling rules of the pump station and the gate control building according to the actual situation of the target area; according to the requirements of flood control and rain flood resource utilization in the water network area, drawing up the scheduling rules of control buildings such as pump stations, gates and the like;
the scheduling rule includes:
firstly, scheduling and controlling the water level of the fixed city lake by using a pump station, opening the pump station when the water level of the fixed city lake rises above a warning water level of the fixed city lake, and closing the pump station when the water level of the fixed city lake falls below a fortifying water level of the fixed city lake;
when the water flow is continuously large, the water level of the pump station is continuously increased after the pump station works and exceeds (the standard flood control water level + the warning water level of the solid city lake in 50 years)/2, the gate is opened to assist flood discharge, and when the water level is lower than the warning water level of the solid city lake, the gate is closed.
According to actual conditions and research requirements, the control building set by the embodiment comprises four gates and two pump stations, wherein the four gates are a Bingqiao gate, a Yangjia bay gate, a Sheshan gate and a Maoong gate; the two pump stations are assumed pump stations and are respectively positioned on the Bibi bridge river and the guan xi river.
The scheduling rules set for the gate and the pump station in the study are as follows: in the flood season of the general year, the water level of the city fixation lake is regulated and controlled by only two pumping stations, when the water level of the city fixation lake reaches 12 meters (the warning water level of the city fixation lake), the pumping stations start to work at a pumping and discharging flow of 20m & lt 3 & gt/s, and when the water level is reduced to be below 11 meters (the warning water level of the city fixation lake), the pumping stations stop working; when encountering extra heavy rainstorm in the flood year, the flood control safety can not be ensured only by a pump station, at the moment, the Bigai bridge gate and the Yanjia bay gate open to assist flood discharge, namely when the water level of the fixed-city lake is higher than 12.5 meters (namely (the water level of the flood control standard plus the warning water level of the fixed-city lake in 50 years)/2), the gate is opened to divide flood discharge, and when the water level is lower than 12 meters, the gate is closed. The snake mountain gate and the moustache gate are both in a closed state in the scheduling rule.
Step 4, respectively establishing an MIKE11 one-dimensional river channel model and an MIKE21 two-dimensional lake model; establishing a one-dimensional and two-dimensional hydrodynamic coupling model of MIKE FLOOD in the water network region on the basis;
for comparative analysis, the research is based on long-series rainfall data, and two water network models of a natural water network and a rain and flood resource utilization water network are respectively established in the full-water year, the open-water year and the dry-water year, wherein the natural water network model maintains the natural connectivity model (model one) of the water network without any scheduling measures. The rain flood resource utilization water network model is an assumed model, aims to play the function of the high pure water network as an urban reservoir, and stores flood resources for supplying water to towns in the dry period on the premise of ensuring the flood control safety of areas.
Step 5, researching the FLOOD control capability of the water network by using the constructed MIKE FLOOD model, wherein the FLOOD control capability of the water network is required to ensure the FLOOD control safety of the region (in the example, the water level of a fixed-city lake needs to be controlled to be lower than the standard FLOOD control water level in 50 years, namely 13 meters); judging whether the flood control capacity meets the requirement, if not, returning to the step 2;
the invention requires the flood control capability of the water network to ensure the flood control safety of the region, and the embodiment requires that the water level of the lake in the fixed city is controlled to be lower than the standard flood control water level of 50 years, namely 13 meters.
The judgment method is not described, and specific clear methods are needed, such as:
the method for judging whether the flood control capacity meets the requirement comprises the following steps:
acquiring measured water level data of a hydrological station;
judging whether the measured water level data of the hydrological station of the water level of the fixed city lake regulated and controlled by the dispatching rule in the step 3 is lower than a preset flood control standard water level or not; the preset flood control standard water level is the flood control standard water level in the target area in 50 years. And inquiring the target region file according to the local objective conditions of the flood control standard water level in 50 years to obtain the flood control standard water level.
The water level course of the natural water net is analyzed first. Because the natural water net does not control the building to regulate and control the water level, the water level of the Gucheng lake is basically determined by the water level of the Yangjiang river communicated with the natural water net. As shown in fig. 2, the water level of the natural water network reaches 13.46 meters in 7 months and 4 days, which exceeds the water level of the high pure water system in the first flood control standard in 50 years, and is not beneficial to flood control security.
By controlling the dispatching of the building set by the invention, in the Wen, the flat and dry water years, the water level of the water network is controlled below 13 meters, and the flood control safety can be ensured. The working process of the pumping stations and the gates in the rain flood resource utilization water network is shown in figures 3 and 4.
Step 6, quantitatively analyzing the utilization benefits of the water network and the rain flood resources on the premise of flood control security; if the benefit does not meet the requirement, returning to the step 2;
compared with a natural water network, at the end of a flood season (8 months at the bottom of the embodiment), the rain flood resource utilization water network can ensure that the water level of the fixed city lake is maintained at 11 meters, the natural water network is only 9 meters, the difference is 2 meters, and the corresponding water storage capacity of the fixed city lake is 5500 ten thousand m3. The water quantity of the part meets the requirements of the water used in the dead period of the high pure region at present.
The method for quantitatively analyzing the utilization benefits of the water network and the rainfall flood resources comprises the following steps:
acquiring gap data of the target area for water resource demand,
whether the newly added water utilization amount reaches the preset water utilization amount is obtained, the preset water utilization amount is a preset artificial experience parameter generally set by local actual conditions and water conservancy departments, and the preset water utilization amount is set to 5500 ten thousand m3
Step 7, providing a construction mode of a research area water network, wherein the key points comprise geographical positions, scales and scheduling rules of a pump station and a gate in the newly constructed water network;
the set control building comprises four gates and two pump stations, wherein the four gates are a water Biqiao gate, a Yangjia bay gate, a snake mountain gate and a Maotong gate; the two pump stations are assumed pump stations and are respectively positioned on the Bibi bridge river and the guan xi river.
The scheduling rules set for the gate and the pump station in the study are as follows: in the flood season of the general year, the water level of the city-fixing lake is regulated and controlled by only two pump stations, when the water level of the city-fixing lake reaches 12 meters (the warning water level of the city-fixing lake), the pump stations start to work at the pumping and discharging flow of 20m & lt 3 & gt/s, and when the water level is reduced to be below 11 meters (the defense water level of the city-fixing lake), the pump stations stop working; when encountering extra heavy rainstorm in the flood year, the flood control safety can not be ensured only by a pump station, at the moment, the Bigai bridge gate and the Yanjia bay gate open to assist flood discharge, namely when the water level of the fixed-city lake is higher than 12.5 meters (namely (the water level of the flood control standard plus the warning water level of the fixed-city lake in 50 years)/2), the gate is opened to divide flood discharge, and when the water level is lower than 12 meters, the gate is closed. The snake mountain gate and the moustache gate are both in a closed state in the scheduling rule.
That is, if the scheduling rule determined in step 3 meets the flood control requirement and the flood resource utilization requirement, the scheduling rule formulated in step 3 is adopted.
It will be appreciated that modifications and variations are possible to those skilled in the art in light of the above teachings, and it is intended to cover all such modifications and variations as fall within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for constructing a flood control and rainfall flood resource utilization model of an urban river/lake water network is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, acquiring river water system pictures or vector data, river section measurement data and lake topographic measurement data of a target area, generalizing a target area water network model, extracting typical rivers and lakes, and generating a river network file;
step 2, setting boundary conditions and model parameters of a one-dimensional river channel model MIKE11 and a two-dimensional lake model MIKE21 according to collected actually measured rainfall, evaporation and wind field data; the boundary conditions comprise the water level and the flow of the water network;
step 3, acquiring flood control standard grade requirements of flood control protection objects in the water network, controlling each parameter of the building, and drawing up a scheduling rule of a built or set pump station and gate control building;
step 4, respectively establishing a one-dimensional river channel model MIKE11 and a two-dimensional lake model MIKE21, and establishing a one-dimensional and two-dimensional hydrodynamic coupling model of MIKE FLOOD in a water network region on the basis of the one-dimensional river channel model MIKE11 and the two-dimensional lake model MIKE 21;
step 5, judging whether the FLOOD control capability of the water network meets the FLOOD control requirement by using the constructed MIKE FLOOD one-dimensional and two-dimensional hydrodynamic coupling model, if not, returning to the step 2, if so, entering the step 6,
step 6, determining parameters of the water network control building according to the step 3, and determining a model according to the step 4;
judging whether the flood control capacity of the water network meets the flood control requirement or not, judging whether the rainfall flood resource utilization benefit of the water network meets the set requirement or not, if not, returning to the step 2, and if so, entering the step 6; the method for judging whether the rainfall flood resource utilization benefit of the water network meets the set requirement comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of obtaining gap data of a target area for water resource requirements, and obtaining whether the newly added water utilization amount reaches a preset water utilization amount, wherein the preset water utilization amount is a preset artificial experience parameter.
2. The method for constructing the urban river, lake and water network flood control and rainfall flood resource utilization model according to claim 1, wherein the boundary conditions further include: rainfall, evaporation, wind field of the water net.
3. The method for constructing the urban river, lake and water network flood control and rainfall flood resource utilization model according to claim 1, wherein the model parameters include: riverbed roughness, riverbed resistance, water density and vortex viscosity coefficient.
4. The method for constructing the urban river/lake water network flood control and rainfall flood resource utilization model according to claim 1, characterized in that: the control building comprises a pump station and a gate.
5. The method for constructing the urban river, lake and water network flood control and rainfall flood resource utilization model according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the control building parameters comprise specific geographic position parameters, design parameters, floor area and scheduling rules of the pump station and the gate.
6. The method for constructing the urban river/lake water network flood control and rainfall flood resource utilization model according to claim 1, characterized in that: the geographic position parameters of the pump station and the gate comprise coordinates; the design parameters of the pump station and the gate comprise the elevation of a gate bottom plate, the number of gate holes and the width.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the control building scheduling rules include:
scheduling the water level of the Gucheng lake by using a pump station, opening the pump station when the water level of the Gucheng lake rises above the guard water level of the Gucheng lake, and closing the pump station when the water level of the Gucheng lake falls below the guard water level of the Gucheng lake; when the incoming water is continuously large, the water level of the pump station is continuously increased after the pump station works and exceeds (the target area meets the flood control standard water level + the solid city lake warning water level for 50 years)/2, the gate is opened to assist flood discharge, and when the water level is lower than the solid city lake warning water level of the target area, the gate is closed.
8. The method for constructing the urban river and lake water network flood control and rainfall flood resource utilization model according to claim 1, wherein the specific method for judging whether the flood control capability of the water network meets the flood control requirement comprises the following steps: and acquiring actually measured water level data of the solid city lake hydrological station, and judging whether the actually measured water level data of the solid city lake hydrological station is lower than a preset flood control standard water level.
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| CN112227292A (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2021-01-15 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Intelligent analysis method for water choking of open-web arch bridge based on one-dimensional hydrodynamic model |
| CN113047212A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-06-29 | 福建省水利水电勘测设计研究院 | Water control method combining urban torrential flood control and inland river ecological water replenishing |
| CN113449983B (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2024-01-05 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Novel urban wetland planning and designing method |
| CN115758712B (en) * | 2022-11-11 | 2024-05-14 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | Urban rainfall flood whole-process distributed hydrologic hydrodynamic coupling model construction method |
| CN116136083B (en) * | 2023-04-20 | 2023-06-27 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Water safety and hydrodynamic force regulation and control method for intelligent water conservancy campus |
| CN116882741A (en) * | 2023-07-10 | 2023-10-13 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Method for dynamically and quantitatively evaluating super-standard flood disasters |
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