CN113717213A - 一种泡沫塑料用粘接助剂、制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种泡沫塑料用粘接助剂、制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种泡沫塑料用粘接助剂、制备方法及应用,该粘接助剂由1,6‑已二异氰酸酯缩二脲与硅烷偶联剂反应制得;制备方法为:将1,6‑已二异氰酸酯缩二脲、硅烷偶联剂分别溶解在有机溶剂中形成稀释液;将硅烷偶联剂的稀释液分批次加入到的1,6‑已二异氰酸酯缩二脲稀释液中,搅拌混合;将混合液升温至50‑60℃,搅拌反应1‑2 h即得到所述的泡沫塑料用粘接助剂。使用本发明的粘接助剂改性的泡沫塑料,通过其分子中的异氰酸酯基与泡沫塑料原液中的羟基反应形成泡沫主链的一部分,进而泡沫塑料主链中含有可助粘接的碳氧硅键结构。这促使泡沫塑料的粘接性能更加稳定,且一个泡沫塑料用粘接助剂分子中较多的碳氧硅键结构,因此,其在改性使用时用最少的添加量即能获得最佳的性能,降低了改性成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于粘接助剂的制备技术领域,具体涉及一种泡沫塑料用粘接助剂、制备方法及应用。
背景技术
一般地,现有的泡沫塑料与某些材料如玻璃、铝等粘接性能较差,市场一般采用直接添加偶联剂的方法,或者预先对基材进行处理的方式来改善。但由于直接加入硅烷偶联剂时,硅烷偶联剂的分子量比较小且每个分子含有的硅氧烷最多为6个,如果要达到较好的粘接作用,往往需要加入较多量的硅烷偶联剂,改性成本较高。如果采用处理剂对基材进行预先处理的方式,往往会导致现场操作比较麻烦,不便于施工。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是:克服现有技术中存在的不足,提供一种泡沫塑料用粘接助剂、制备方法及应用。
本发明为解决技术问题所采取的技术方案如下:
一种泡沫塑料用粘接助剂,所述泡沫塑料用粘接助剂由1,6-已二异氰酸酯缩二脲与硅烷偶联剂反应制得。
较好地,所述1,6-已二异氰酸酯缩二脲与硅烷偶联剂的摩尔比为1:(0.25-2)。
上述泡沫塑料用粘接助剂的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)将1,6-已二异氰酸酯缩二脲、硅烷偶联剂分别溶解在有机溶剂中形成稀释液;
(2)将硅烷偶联剂的稀释液分批次加入到的1,6-已二异氰酸酯缩二脲稀释液中,搅拌混合;
(3)将步骤(2)中的混合液升温至50-60℃,搅拌反应1-2 h即得到所述的泡沫塑料用粘接助剂。
较好地,所述1,6-已二异氰酸酯缩二脲与有机溶剂质量比为1:(1-2)。
较好地,所述硅烷偶联剂与有机溶剂质量比为1:(1-2)。
较好地,所述硅烷偶联剂为双氨基硅烷偶联剂或双氨基硅烷偶联剂与单氨基硅烷偶联剂的混合物,其中双氨基硅烷偶联剂与单氨基硅烷偶联剂的混合物中双氨基硅烷偶联剂与单氨基硅烷偶联剂的摩尔比为1:(1-6)。
较好地,所述双氨基硅烷偶联剂为双[3-(三甲氧基硅基)丙基]乙二胺或N-[3-(三甲氧基硅基)丙基]乙二胺;所述单氨基硅烷偶联剂为双(3-三甲氧基硅基丙基)胺、(双[3-(三乙氧基硅)丙基]胺、γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、N-苯基-γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、N-苯氨基甲基三乙氧基硅烷中的一种或多种的混合物。
较好地,所述有机溶剂包括乙酸丁酯、乙酸乙酯、丁酮、甲苯或碳酸二甲酯。
上述泡沫塑料用粘接助剂在泡沫塑料中的应用,所述泡沫塑料为聚氨酯泡沫、酚醛泡沫、环氧树脂泡沫或不饱和聚酯树脂泡沫。
较好地,泡沫塑料用粘接助剂添加量占泡沫塑料总重的0.5%-3%。
本发明的积极有益效果如下:
本发明的粘接助剂制备原料中选用有1,6-已二异氰酸酯缩二脲和双氨基硅烷偶联剂,主要利用了1,6-已二异氰酸酯缩二脲优良的涂覆性利于粘接,同时双氨基硅烷偶联剂与之反应形成扩链,并在分子链中引入碳氧硅键,增加粘接性能。
本发明的泡沫塑料用粘接助剂平均一个分子上含有多个碳氧硅键及至少0.5个异氰酸酯基,其中碳氧硅键具有较好的粘接性能,碳氧硅键越多,粘接性能越好,因此,本发明的泡沫塑料用粘接助剂本身具有优异的粘接性能。
本发明的泡沫塑料用粘接助剂当用于改性泡沫塑料的粘接性能时,通过分子中的异氰酸酯基与泡沫塑料原液中的羟基反应形成泡沫主链的一部分,进而泡沫塑料主链中含有可助粘接的碳氧硅键结构。这促使泡沫塑料的粘接性能更加稳定,且一个泡沫塑料用粘接助剂分子中较多的碳氧硅键结构,因此,其在改性使用时用最少的添加量即能获得最佳的性能,降低了改性成本。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步详细、清楚地描述,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此。
实施例1:
一种泡沫塑料用粘接助剂的制备方法,具体制备步骤如下:
(1)、按照1,6-已二异氰酸酯缩二脲:双[3-(三甲氧基硅基)丙基]乙二胺:γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷的摩尔比为1:0.5:1的比例称取物料;
(2)、在四口烧瓶中分别加入1,6-已二异氰酸酯缩二脲和乙酸丁酯,其中1,6-已二异氰酸酯缩二脲与乙酸丁酯的质量比为1:1,并将四口烧瓶置于低于20℃冷水中,开启搅拌桨至转速200r/min,在氮气保护情况下搅拌10分钟进行溶解;
(3)、将双[3-(三甲氧基硅基)丙基]乙二胺与γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷按照步骤(1)中的摩尔比例混合均匀形成混合硅烷与乙酸丁酯按质量比1:1混合均匀, 混合均匀后分成3等份,此时调整搅拌速度至600r/min,在氮气保护、低于20℃水浴条件下,每隔10分钟向步骤(2)的四口烧瓶中加入1等份的双[3-(三甲氧基硅基)丙基]乙二胺与γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷的混合溶液,待全部加完后,继续搅拌30分钟,并调整转速至200r/min;
(4)、将四口烧瓶置于50℃水中继续搅拌1小时,即制备成粘接助剂。
实施例2:
一种泡沫塑料用粘接助剂的制备方法,具体制备步骤如下:
(1)、按照1,6-已二异氰酸酯缩二脲:双(3-三甲氧基硅基丙基)胺:N-[3-(三甲氧基硅基)丙基]乙二胺的摩尔比为1:1.5:0.25的比例称取物料;
(2)、在四口烧瓶中分别加入1,6-已二异氰酸酯缩二脲和乙酸丁酯,其中1,6-已二异氰酸酯缩二脲与乙酸丁酯的质量比为1:1.5,并将四口烧瓶置于低于20℃冷水中,开启搅拌桨至转速200 r/min,在氮气保护情况下搅拌10分钟进行溶解;
(3)、将N-[3-(三甲氧基硅基)丙基]乙二胺与双(3-三甲氧基硅基丙基)胺按照步骤(1)中的摩尔比例混合均匀形成混合硅烷与乙酸丁酯按质量比1:1继续混合均匀,并将混合硅烷分成5等份,此时调整搅拌速度至600r/min,在氮气保护、低于20℃水浴条件下,每隔10分钟向步骤(2)的四口烧瓶中加入1等份的混合硅烷,待全部加完后,继续搅拌30分钟,并调整转速至200r/min;
(4)、将四口烧瓶置于55℃水中继续搅拌1.5小时,即制备成粘接助剂。
实施例3:
一种泡沫塑料用粘接助剂的制备方法,具体制备步骤如下:
(1)、按照1,6-已二异氰酸酯缩二脲:γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷:双[3-(三甲氧基硅基)丙基]乙二胺的摩尔比为1:1.5:0.5的比例称取物料;
(2)、在四口烧瓶中分别加入1,6-已二异氰酸酯缩二脲和丁酮,其中1,6-已二异氰酸酯缩二脲与丁酮的质量比为1:2,并将四口烧瓶置于低于20℃冷水中,开启搅拌桨至转速100r/min,在氮气保护情况下搅拌15分钟进行溶解;
(3)、将双[3-(三甲氧基硅基)丙基]乙二胺与γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷按照步骤(1)中的摩尔比例混合均匀形成混合硅烷与丁酮按质量比1:2继续混合均匀, 并将混合硅烷分成6等份,此时调整搅拌速度至500 r/min,在氮气保护、低于20℃水浴条件下,每隔10分钟向步骤(2)的四口烧瓶中加入1等份的混合硅烷,待全部加完后,继续搅拌40分钟,并调整转速至100r/min;
(4)、将四口烧瓶置于60℃水中继续搅拌2小时,即制备成粘接助剂。
应用案例1:
分别将上述实施例1-3中制备的泡沫塑料用粘接助剂对聚氨酯泡沫的改性,改性方法具体如下:
(1)、将98份聚醚、2份泡沫稳定剂以及0.08份的催化剂混合均匀制成A组分,并保证A组分的水分含量为千分之二,所述聚醚为YD304,所述催化剂为二月酸酐二丁基锡;
(2)、将 4份上述实施例1-3中制备的泡沫塑料用粘接助剂与96份含异氰酸酯聚合物混合,并通过蒸馏将泡沫塑料用粘接助剂中的溶剂除去最终制成B组分;
(3)、将A组份与B组份按照重量比1:1的比例混合均匀制备成聚氨酯泡沫。
将使用实施例1-3制备的泡沫塑料用粘接助剂按照上述应用案例1的改性方法改性聚氨酯泡沫的应用案例分别标记为应用案例1-1;应用案例1-2;应用案例1-3。
应用案例2:
上述实施例1制备的泡沫塑料用粘接助剂对酚醛树脂泡沫的改性,改性方法具体如下:将可发性酚醛树脂,在正戊烷作发泡剂,聚山梨酸酯80作乳化剂下,与实施例1制备的粘接助剂按质量比为100:3:3:2.5的比例在常温条件下混合均匀,并在90℃的条件下保温2小时,再继续升温至170℃保温4小时,最终发泡成型。
应用案例3:
上述实施例1制备的泡沫塑料用粘接助剂对环氧树脂泡沫的改性,改性方法具体如下:
将E51型环氧树脂,在双氰胺作固化剂,UR300作脲类促进剂,Expancel 461DU40作发泡微球下,与实施例1制备的粘接助剂按质量比为100:11:3:5:2.5的比例在常温条件下混合均匀,在150℃的条件下保温50min,最终发泡成型。
应用案例4:
上述实施例1制备的泡沫塑料用粘接助剂对不饱和聚酯树脂泡沫的改性,改性方法具体如下:
将196型不饱和聚酯树脂,在过氧化二苯甲酰作引发剂,Expancel 461DU40作发泡微球下,与实施例1制备的粘接助剂按质量比为100:0.4:4:2.5的比例在常温条件下混合均匀,在125℃的条件下保温50min,最终发泡成型。
对比例1:
本实施例作为应用案例1的对比例,与应用案例1的区别在于:聚氨酯泡沫B组分中未添加实施例1-3制备的泡沫塑料用粘接助剂,即B组分为100份含异氰酸酯聚合物;其它均同应用案例1。
对比例2:
本实施例作为应用案例2的对比例,与应用案例2的区别在于:酚醛树脂泡沫原料组分中未添加实施例1制备的泡沫塑料用粘接助剂;其它均同应用案例2。
对比例3:
本实施例作为应用案例3的对比例,与应用案例3的区别在于:环氧树脂泡沫原料组分中未添加实施例1制备的泡沫塑料用粘接助剂;其它均同应用案例3。
对比例4:
本实施例作为应用案例4的对比例,与应用案例4的区别在于:不饱和聚酯树脂泡沫原料组分中未添加实施例1制备的泡沫塑料用粘接助剂;其它均同应用案例4。
分别对上述应用案例1-4中制备的泡沫塑料以及对比例1-4制备的泡沫塑料粘接性能进行测试,粘接性能结果如表1和表2。
表1
粘接强度(MPa) | 破坏形式 | |
应用案例1-1 | 6.3 | 3%表面破坏 |
应用案例1-2 | 6.5 | 2%表面破坏 |
应用案例1-3 | 6.8 | 3%表面破坏 |
应用案例2 | 8.1 | 5%表面破坏 |
应用案例3 | 6.2 | 4%表面破坏 |
应用案例4 | 5.9 | 5%表面破坏 |
表2
粘接强度(MPa) | 破坏形式 | |
对比例1 | 2.3 | 70%表面破坏 |
对比例2 | 3.2 | 69%表面破坏 |
对比例3 | 2.0 | 67%表面破坏 |
对比例4 | 1.8 | 70%表面破坏 |
由表1和表2可知:应用案例1-4中制备的改性的泡沫塑料与对应地未经实施例1-3制备的泡沫塑料用粘接助剂改性的泡沫塑料相比,粘接性能被大幅度提升,粘接强度是未改性时的2-3倍,基材表面破坏程度大幅降低,达到改性的目的。
Claims (10)
1.一种泡沫塑料用粘接助剂,其特征在于,所述粘接助剂由1,6-已二异氰酸酯缩二脲与硅烷偶联剂反应制得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的泡沫塑料用粘接助剂,其特征在于,所述1,6-已二异氰酸酯缩二脲与硅烷偶联剂的摩尔比为1:(0.25-2)。
3.一种权利要求1所述的泡沫塑料用粘接助剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法为:
将1,6-已二异氰酸酯缩二脲、硅烷偶联剂分别溶解在有机溶剂中形成稀释液;
将硅烷偶联剂的稀释液分批次加入到的1,6-已二异氰酸酯缩二脲稀释液中,搅拌混合;
将步骤(2)中的混合液升温至50-60℃,搅拌反应1-2 h即得到所述的粘接助剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的泡沫塑料用粘接助剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述1,6-已二异氰酸酯缩二脲与有机溶剂质量比为1:(1-2)。
5.根据权利要求3所述的泡沫塑料用粘接助剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述硅烷偶联剂与有机溶剂质量比为1:(1-2)。
6.根据权利要求3所述的泡沫塑料用粘接助剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述硅烷偶联剂为双氨基硅烷偶联剂或双氨基硅烷偶联剂与单氨基硅烷偶联剂的混合物,所述双氨基硅烷偶联剂与单氨基硅烷偶联剂的混合物中双氨基硅烷偶联剂与单氨基硅烷偶联剂的摩尔比为1:(1-6)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的泡沫塑料用粘接助剂的制备方法,其特征在于:双氨基硅烷偶联剂为双[3-(三甲氧基硅基)丙基]乙二胺或N-[3-(三甲氧基硅基)丙基]乙二胺;所述单氨基硅烷偶联剂为双(3-三甲氧基硅基丙基)胺、双[3-(三乙氧基硅)丙基]胺、γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、N-苯基-γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、N-苯氨基甲基三乙氧基硅烷中的一种或多种的混合物。
8.根据权利要求3所述的泡沫塑料用粘接助剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述有机溶剂包括乙酸丁酯、乙酸乙酯、丁酮、甲苯或碳酸二甲酯。
9.一种权利要求1所述的泡沫塑料用粘接助剂在泡沫塑料中的应用,其特征在于:泡沫塑料用粘接助剂添加量占泡沫塑料总重的0.5%-3%。
10.根据权利要求9所述的泡沫塑料用粘接助剂在泡沫塑料中的应用,其特征在于:所述泡沫塑料为聚氨酯泡沫、酚醛泡沫、环氧树脂泡沫或不饱和聚酯树脂泡沫。
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