CN113714609B - Manual self-propagating welding method with double-source heat input - Google Patents
Manual self-propagating welding method with double-source heat input Download PDFInfo
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- CN113714609B CN113714609B CN202110886615.9A CN202110886615A CN113714609B CN 113714609 B CN113714609 B CN 113714609B CN 202110886615 A CN202110886615 A CN 202110886615A CN 113714609 B CN113714609 B CN 113714609B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/24—Features related to electrodes
- B23K9/28—Supporting devices for electrodes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
- B23K35/3601—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest with inorganic compounds as principal constituents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
- B23K35/362—Selection of compositions of fluxes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a manual self-propagating welding method with double-source heat input, which belongs to the technical field of emergency welding. The invention can complete the welding under the condition of no power source and no equipment, and the auxiliary welding rod preheats the main welding rod before welding and then welds, thereby preventing the generation of cold cracks, reducing the welding stress and improving the crack resistance of the welding joint. The welding defect caused by unskilled operation can be avoided by utilizing the invention, and the operator can be far away from the welding position, thereby reducing the psychological fear degree of the operator while ensuring the safety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of emergency welding, and particularly relates to a manual self-propagating welding method with double-source heat input.
Background
At present, the common welding methods in the field emergency repair comprise active welding and passive welding. Conventional welding technologies such as arc welding, gas welding, argon arc welding, plasma welding and the like belong to active welding, and the active welding needs heavy equipment, energy sources such as a gas source power supply and the like and needs operation of professional personnel. The passive welding is to weld metal by using a combustion synthesis technology and a combustion type welding pen suitable for manual operation under the conditions of no power supply, no gas source and no equipment, but because the temperature generated by combustion of the welding pen (rod) is limited, particularly the temperature is low or in the environment with water, the heat loss is large, the welding defects such as cracks, slag inclusion, shrinkage cavities, shrinkage porosity, air holes and the like are easy to generate, and meanwhile, the operation requirement on an operator is high, so that the problems of low metal welding efficiency, poor welding seam quality and the like are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a manual self-propagating welding method with double-source heat input, and aims to solve the technical problems that in the prior art, active welding equipment is multiple and heavy, and operation is complex, and a passive welding mode is high in operation requirement, low in efficiency and poor in welding quality.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a manual self-propagating welding method with double source heat input comprises the following steps: fixing a main welding rod and an auxiliary welding rod on a double-welding-rod self-propagating welding device, igniting the main welding rod and the auxiliary welding rod by using an ignition device, preheating a part to be welded by the auxiliary welding rod in front, and finishing self-propagating welding by the main welding rod in back;
the internal flux of the main electrode comprises the following components:
29-33 parts of copper oxide, 26-30 parts of ferric oxide, 15-17 parts of aluminum, 1.6-2.6 parts of boron trioxide, 2.5-4.2 parts of ferromanganese, 1.9-3.2 parts of ferrosilicon, 2.4-3.6 parts of aluminum oxide, 1.6-2.4 parts of silicon dioxide, 0.83-1.66 parts of nickel, 1.53-3.06 parts of silver, 0.67-1.34 parts of titanium and 1.97-3.94 parts of lanthanide rare earth elements;
the internal flux of the auxiliary welding rod comprises the following components:
1.5-2.1 parts of magnesium, 7-10 parts of aluminum, 2.5-3.6 parts of phosphorus, 3-4.3 parts of sulfur, 1.4-1.75 parts of boron trioxide, 0.6-0.75 part of barium nitrate, 1-1.25 parts of potassium nitrate, 27-34 parts of copper oxide, 24-30 parts of ferric oxide, 6-7.5 parts of nickel oxide, 1.4-3.7 parts of shellac, 1.2-3.2 parts of phenolic resin, 0.4-1.1 part of polytetrafluoroethylene, 1.8-3.6 parts of aluminum oxide, 0.4-0.8 part of nickel, 1.2-2.4 parts of silver, 0.4-0.8 part of titanium and 1.2-2.4 parts of lanthanide rare earth elements.
Preferably, the flux components of the main welding rod are as follows: 33 parts of copper oxide, 29 parts of ferric oxide, 16 parts of aluminum, 2 parts of boron trioxide, 4 parts of ferromanganese, 3 parts of ferrosilicon, 3 parts of aluminum oxide, 2 parts of silicon dioxide, 1 part of nickel, 2.8 parts of silver, 1 part of titanium and 3.2 parts of lanthanide rare earth elements;
the flux components of the auxiliary welding rod are as follows: 2 parts of magnesium, 10 parts of aluminum, 3.1 parts of phosphorus, 3.9 parts of sulfur, 1.7 parts of boron trioxide, 0.6 part of barium nitrate, 1 part of potassium nitrate, 30 parts of copper oxide, 28 parts of ferric oxide, 6 parts of nickel oxide, 3 parts of shellac, 2.8 parts of phenolic resin, 1 part of polytetrafluoroethylene, 3 parts of aluminum oxide, 0.6 part of nickel, 1.4 parts of silver, 0.4 part of titanium and 1.5 parts of lanthanide rare earth elements.
Preferably, the specifications of the components in the flux of the main welding rod and the auxiliary welding rod are as follows: analytically pure copper oxide below 200 meshes, analytically pure iron oxide below 200 meshes, analytically pure nickel oxide below 200 meshes, analytically pure aluminum powder below 80 meshes, analytically pure ferromanganese below 200 meshes, analytically pure ferrosilicon below 200 meshes, analytically pure aluminum oxide below 200 meshes, analytically pure silicon dioxide below 150 meshes, analytically pure nickel powder below 200 meshes, analytically pure silver powder below 80 meshes, analytically pure titanium powder below 80 meshes, lanthanide rare earth element below 200 meshes, analytically pure magnesium powder below 80 meshes, analytically pure potassium nitrate below 200 meshes, analytically pure shellac, analytically pure phosphorus below 80 meshes, analytically pure sulfur below 80 meshes, analytically pure phenolic resin and analytically pure polytetrafluoroethylene.
Preferably, the main welding rod and the auxiliary welding rod have the same structure and are both paper tubes with plugs at the upper ends, welding flux is filled in the paper tubes, and the lower ends of the welding flux in the paper tubes are sequentially provided with ignition powder columns and ignition wires; the height-diameter ratio H/D of the welding flux filled in the main welding rod and the auxiliary welding rod is more than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 0.3, and the forming compressive stress is more than or equal to 0.566 Mpa and less than or equal to P and less than or equal to 2.113 Mpa; the outer diameter of the paper tube of the main welding rod and the auxiliary welding rod is phi 10 mm-phi 16mm, and the wall thickness is 0.2 mm.
Preferably, the double-welding-rod passive welding device comprises a welding rod clamping mechanism, a welding rod moving mechanism and a foldable support frame, wherein the welding rod clamping mechanism is connected with the welding rod moving mechanism, and the welding rod clamping mechanism and the welding rod moving mechanism are both arranged on the support frame; the welding rod clamping mechanism can clamp a main welding rod and an auxiliary welding rod, the main welding rod and the auxiliary welding rod can be ignited by the ignition device and then spontaneously combust, and the welding rod moving mechanism moves to weld along a welding line.
Preferably, the support frame comprises two longitudinal rods, two transverse rods and four height-adjustable vertical rods, a long groove for accommodating the vertical rods is formed in the middle of each longitudinal rod along the length direction of the longitudinal rod, two ends of each transverse rod are respectively connected with the end portions of the longitudinal rods, the two longitudinal rods and the two transverse rods are assembled into a rectangular frame through bolts, and the upper ends of the four vertical rods are respectively connected with four corners of the rectangular frame through rotating shafts in a rotating manner; the lower end of the upright stanchion is provided with an adjustable ground foot.
Preferably, the welding rod moving mechanism comprises a hand wheel, a lead screw, a rack and a welding fixing block connected with the welding rod clamping mechanism, the welding fixing block is in threaded fit with the lead screw, the hand wheel is arranged at the tail end of the lead screw, the lead screw is arranged in parallel to the rack, two ends of the lead screw and two ends of the rack are both arranged on a fixing plate, and the fixing plate is arranged on the support frame; two driving gears which are arranged in parallel are arranged on the outer wall of the welding fixing block, and both the two driving gears are meshed with the rack; the other end of the driving gear is connected with the transmission flexible shafts, and is connected with the welding rod clamping mechanism through the two transmission flexible shafts for downward conveying the main welding rod and the auxiliary welding rod.
Preferably, guide rods are arranged below the racks in parallel, two ends of each guide rod are arranged on the fixing plate, rollers are arranged on the side walls of the welding fixing blocks, and guide grooves matched with the rollers are formed in the upper surfaces of the guide rods; the two upright posts can be arranged in the strip groove in parallel, the strip groove is a through groove which is communicated up and down, a fixing plate of the welding rod moving mechanism can be inserted into the strip groove, a lead screw of the welding rod moving mechanism is arranged in parallel with the cross rod, the lead screw is arranged above the longitudinal rod, and the guide rod is arranged below the longitudinal rod; the welding rod clamping mechanism is arranged in the rectangular frame.
Preferably, the welding rod clamping mechanism comprises a spherical hinge, a spherical hinge fixing sleeve and a fixing rod, the spherical hinge is arranged in a lantern ring of the spherical hinge fixing sleeve, and the fixing rod is rotatably connected with the spherical hinge fixing sleeve; the welding rod conveying mechanism is connected with the two transmission flexible shafts, and downwards conveys the main welding rod and the auxiliary welding rod in the welding process; the fixing rod for installing the main welding rod is connected with the welding fixing block in a rotating mode.
Preferably, the spherical hinge fixing sleeve comprises two semicircular hoops, the open ends of one sides of the two semicircular hoops are connected through bolts, and the open ends of the other sides of the two semicircular hoops are connected with connecting lugs fixed on the fixing rod through bolts.
Preferably, the welding rod conveying mechanism comprises a base and two gear shafts arranged in parallel, the upper end of the base is connected with the fixed rod, the two gear shafts are vertically arranged on the side face of the base, the two bases are respectively provided with two gear shafts for clamping welding rods, and the two pairs of gear shafts respectively clamp the main welding rod and the auxiliary welding rod; the end part of the gear shaft is provided with a transmission gear, the two transmission gears are meshed, and the tail end of one gear shaft is connected with the transmission flexible shaft.
Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in: compared with the prior art, the invention manually controls the sequence of ignition of the main welding rod and the auxiliary welding rod by the ignition device by installing the main welding rod and the auxiliary welding rod on the double-welding-rod passive welding device, the auxiliary welding rod is preheated in front, the main welding rod is welded in back, and the double-welding-rod passive welding device clamps the main welding rod and the auxiliary welding rod and transports the rods along a welding route to complete welding. The invention can complete the welding under the condition of no power source, no air source and other energy sources and professional equipment, and can slow down the cooling speed after welding by assisting the pre-welding preheating of the welding rod, reduce the welding stress and improve the crack resistance of the welding joint. The welding defect caused by unskilled operation can be avoided by using the welding device, the operator can be far away from the welding position, the operation is safe and reliable, and the psychological fear degree of the operator is reduced while the safety is ensured.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a dual wire passive welding apparatus used in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a view of the dual wire passive welding device of FIG. 1 in the direction of A;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the support stand of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the electrode moving mechanism of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the electrode clamping mechanism of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the welding rod of the present invention;
in the figure: 100-support frame, 101-vertical rod, 102-vertical rod, 103-horizontal rod, 104-rotating shaft, 105-strip groove, 106-adjustable ground foot, 107-strip mounting hole;
200-a welding rod clamping mechanism, 201-a fixed rod, 202-a spherical hinge, 203-a spherical hinge fixed sleeve, 204-a connecting rod, 205-a gear shaft, 206-a welding rod, 2060-a paper tube, 2061-a main welding rod, 2062-an auxiliary welding rod, 2063-a priming charge column, 2064-a firing cable and 2065-a plug; 207-drive gear, 208-base, 209-drive flexible shaft;
300-welding rod moving mechanism, 301-hand wheel, 302-fixing plate, 303-lead screw, 304-welding rod connecting block, 305-driving shaft, 306-driving gear, 307-roller, 308-guide rod, 309-limit screw, 310-guide groove and 311-rack.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a manual self-propagating welding method with double-source heat input, which comprises the following steps: the main welding rod 2061 and the auxiliary welding rod 2062 are fixed on a double-welding-rod self-propagating welding device (figures 1 and 2), after the main welding rod and the auxiliary welding rod are ignited by an ignition device, the auxiliary welding rod preheats the part to be welded in front, and the main welding rod completes self-propagating welding in the back.
In the welding process, the auxiliary welding rod preheats the part to be welded in front, and the main welding rod finishes welding in the back. Preheating the auxiliary welding rod before welding is beneficial to reducing the hardness of a heat affected zone, preventing cold cracks and improving the plasticity of a welding joint. The method is suitable for medium and high carbon steel with poor weldability, and is mainly used for preheating welded parts and improving wettability. The application occasions are suitable for: preheating is needed in low-temperature environments such as low temperature, plateau and underwater.
The internal flux of the main electrode used in the present invention comprises the following components:
29-33 parts of copper oxide, 26-30 parts of ferric oxide, 15-17 parts of aluminum, 1.6-2.6 parts of boron trioxide, 2.5-4.2 parts of ferromanganese, 1.9-3.2 parts of ferrosilicon, 2.4-3.6 parts of aluminum oxide, 1.6-2.4 parts of silicon dioxide, 0.83-1.66 parts of nickel, 1.53-3.06 parts of silver, 0.67-1.34 parts of titanium and 1.97-3.94 parts of lanthanide rare earth elements.
The internal flux of the auxiliary welding rod comprises the following components:
1.5-2.1 parts of magnesium, 7-10 parts of aluminum, 2.5-3.6 parts of phosphorus, 3-4.3 parts of sulfur, 1.4-1.75 parts of boron trioxide, 0.6-0.75 part of barium nitrate, 1-1.25 parts of potassium nitrate, 27-34 parts of copper oxide, 24-30 parts of ferric oxide, 6-7.5 parts of nickel oxide, 1.4-3.7 parts of shellac, 1.2-3.2 parts of phenolic resin, 0.4-1.1 part of polytetrafluoroethylene, 1.8-3.6 parts of aluminum oxide, 0.4-0.8 part of nickel, 1.2-2.4 parts of silver, 0.4-0.8 part of titanium and 1.2-2.4 parts of lanthanide rare earth elements.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the flux components of the main electrode are: 33 parts of copper oxide, 29 parts of ferric oxide, 16 parts of aluminum, 2 parts of boron trioxide, 4 parts of ferromanganese, 3 parts of ferrosilicon, 3 parts of aluminum oxide, 2 parts of silicon dioxide, 1 part of nickel, 2.8 parts of silver, 1 part of titanium and 3.2 parts of lanthanide rare earth elements;
the flux components of the auxiliary welding rod are as follows: 2 parts of magnesium, 10 parts of aluminum, 3.1 parts of phosphorus, 3.9 parts of sulfur, 1.7 parts of boron trioxide, 0.6 part of barium nitrate, 1 part of potassium nitrate, 30 parts of copper oxide, 28 parts of ferric oxide, 6 parts of nickel oxide, 3 parts of shellac, 2.8 parts of phenolic resin, 1 part of polytetrafluoroethylene, 3 parts of aluminum oxide, 0.6 part of nickel, 1.4 parts of silver, 0.4 part of titanium and 1.5 parts of lanthanide rare earth elements.
The flux of the main welding rod and the auxiliary welding rod comprises the following components in specification: analytically pure copper oxide below 200 meshes, analytically pure iron oxide below 200 meshes, analytically pure nickel oxide below 200 meshes, analytically pure aluminum powder below 80 meshes, analytically pure ferromanganese below 200 meshes, analytically pure ferrosilicon below 200 meshes, analytically pure aluminum oxide below 200 meshes, analytically pure silicon dioxide below 150 meshes, analytically pure nickel powder below 200 meshes, analytically pure silver powder below 80 meshes, analytically pure titanium powder below 80 meshes, lanthanide rare earth element below 200 meshes, analytically pure magnesium powder below 80 meshes, analytically pure potassium nitrate below 200 meshes, analytically pure shellac, analytically pure phosphorus below 80 meshes, analytically pure sulfur below 80 meshes, analytically pure phenolic resin and analytically pure polytetrafluoroethylene.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the main welding rod 2061 and the auxiliary welding rod 2062 have the same structure, and are paper tubes 2060 each having a plug 2065 at the upper end, as shown in fig. 6. The paper tube 2060 is filled with the welding flux, the lower end of the welding flux in the paper tube 2060 is sequentially provided with the ignition powder column 2063 and the ignition wire 2064, and the tail end of the ignition wire 2064 extends to the outside of the paper tube, so that the ignition by the ignition device is facilitated. During the specific manufacturing, the height-diameter ratio H/D of the flux filled in the main welding rod and the auxiliary welding rod is more than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 0.3, and the forming compressive stress is more than or equal to 0.566 Mpa and less than or equal to P and less than or equal to 2.113 Mpa; the outer diameter of the paper tube of the main welding rod and the auxiliary welding rod is phi 10 mm-phi 16mm, and the wall thickness is 0.2 mm.
For example, when the height-diameter ratio H/D =0.2 and the forming compressive stress P =1.5Mpa are filled with the powder, the combustion speed is basically stabilized at about 12.0mm/s after the main welding rod and the auxiliary welding rod are formed, and the welding operation is convenient to implement.
The main welding rod and the auxiliary welding rod are both arranged on the double-welding-rod passive welding device for welding. As shown in fig. 1-2, the dual-welding-rod passive welding device includes a welding rod clamping mechanism 200, a welding rod moving mechanism 300 and a foldable support frame 100, the welding rod clamping mechanism 200 is connected to the welding rod moving mechanism 300, and both the welding rod clamping mechanism 200 and the welding rod moving mechanism 300 are disposed on the support frame 100; the electrode holding mechanism 200 can hold two electrodes 206 at the same time and feed the two electrodes downward, the two electrodes 206 are a main electrode 2061 and an auxiliary electrode 2062, and the main electrode 2061 and the auxiliary electrode 2062 can be ignited by an ignition device and can be spontaneously ignited, and the welding is moved along a welding route by the electrode moving mechanism 300.
In an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the supporting frame 100 includes two vertical rods 101, two horizontal rods 103, and four vertical rods 102 with adjustable heights, a long groove 105 for accommodating the vertical rod 102 is disposed in the middle of the vertical rod 101 along the length direction thereof, two ends of the horizontal rod 103 are respectively connected to the ends of the vertical rods 101, the two vertical rods 101 and the two horizontal rods 103 are assembled into a rectangular frame through bolts, and the upper ends of the four vertical rods 102 are respectively connected to the four corners of the rectangular frame through a rotating shaft 104; the lower end of the upright rod 102 is provided with an adjustable anchor 106, so that the two longitudinal rods are parallel to each other and the whole body is kept stable. The outer side wall of the long groove 105 on the longitudinal rod 101 is provided with a long mounting hole 107 for mounting the welding rod moving mechanism 300. The supporting frame with a frame structure is assembled by the vertical rods, the transverse rods and the vertical rods, and plays a role in integral supporting. When not in use, the welding rod moving mechanism 300 can be detached from the longitudinal rod, the vertical rod is folded to be accommodated in the long strip groove of the longitudinal rod, and two transverse rods are detached to be accommodated.
In an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, the welding rod moving mechanism 300 includes a handwheel 301, a lead screw 303, a rack 311, and a welding fixing block 304 for connecting with the welding rod clamping mechanism 200, the welding fixing block 304 is in threaded fit with the lead screw 303, the handwheel 301 is disposed at the end of the lead screw 303, the lead screw 303 is disposed parallel to the rack 311, both ends of the lead screw 303 and the rack 311 are disposed on a fixing plate 302, and the fixing plate 302 is disposed on the support frame 100; two driving gears 306 arranged in parallel are arranged on the outer wall of the welding fixing block 304, and both the two driving gears 306 are meshed with the rack 311; the other end of the driving gear 306 is connected with a transmission flexible shaft 209, and is connected with the welding rod clamping mechanism 200 through the two transmission flexible shafts 209, and is used for conveying the main welding rod 2061 and the auxiliary welding rod 2062 downwards. The hand wheel is shaken to drive the lead screw to rotate, and then the welding fixing block moves along the lead screw; meanwhile, the welding fixing block drives the driving gear to move horizontally along the rack, the two driving gears are meshed with the rack to realize simultaneous movement and rotation, the rotating driving gear drives the two transmission flexible shafts to rotate, and then power is transmitted to the welding rod clamping mechanism 200.
As a preferable structure, as shown in fig. 4, a guide rod 308 is arranged below the rack 311 in parallel, two ends of the guide rod 308 are arranged on the fixing plate 302, a roller 307 is arranged on a side wall of the fixed welding block 304, and a guide groove 310 matched with the roller 308 is arranged on an upper surface of the guide rod 308. By means of the matching of the roller and the guide groove, the welding fixing block can be supported and guided. During specific manufacturing, the fixing plate 302, the lead screw 303 and the guide rod 308 are connected through bolts, and then the fixing plate 302 is fixed in the long groove 105 of the longitudinal rod 101 through bolts, so that assembly and disassembly are facilitated.
When the device is not used, the two upright posts 102 can be arranged in the long groove 105 in parallel, and the long groove 105 is a through groove which is communicated up and down. When the welding rod moving mechanism is used, the fixing plate 302 of the welding rod moving mechanism 300 can be inserted into the long groove 105, the lead screw 303 of the welding rod moving mechanism 300 is arranged in parallel with the cross rod 103, the lead screw 303 is arranged above the longitudinal rod 101, and the guide rod 201 is arranged below the longitudinal rod 101; the welding rod clamping mechanism 200 is arranged in the rectangular frame, and the whole device is compact in structure and convenient to operate after being assembled.
In an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 5, the welding rod clamping mechanism 200 includes a spherical hinge 202, a spherical hinge fixing sleeve 203 and a fixing rod 201, the spherical hinge 202 is disposed in a loop of the spherical hinge fixing sleeve 203, and the fixing rod 201 is connected to the spherical hinge fixing sleeve 203; the welding rod welding device comprises two spherical hinges 202, two spherical hinge fixing sleeves 203 and two fixing rods 201, wherein the two spherical hinge fixing sleeves 203 are connected through a connecting rod 204, a main welding rod 2061 and an auxiliary welding rod 2062 are respectively arranged in a reserved hole in the fixing rod 201, a welding rod conveying mechanism connected with two transmission flexible shafts 209 is arranged below the fixing rod 201, and the main welding rod 2061 and the auxiliary welding rod 2062 are conveyed downwards in the welding process; wherein, the fixing rod 201 for installing the main welding rod 2061 can be rotatably connected with the welding fixing block 304, or the fixing rod 201 for installing the auxiliary welding rod 2062 can be rotatably connected with the welding fixing block 304. By adopting the structure, the positions and the angles of the two welding rods can be adjusted, and the welding rod conveying mechanism is driven by the transmission flexible shaft, so that the two welding rods are conveyed downwards.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, as shown in fig. 1 and 5, the spherical hinge fixing sleeve 203 comprises two semicircular hoops, one side open ends of the two semicircular hoops are connected through bolts, and the other side open ends of the two semicircular hoops are connected with the connecting single lug fixed on the fixing rod 201 through bolts. When the welding rod fixing device is used, one fixing rod is fixed on the welding fixing block, the position of one welding rod can be fixed, and the position and the angle of the other welding rod can be adjusted through the matching of the spherical hinge and the spherical hinge fixing sleeve, so that the position adjustment of the two welding rods is realized.
In an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, 2, and 5, the welding rod conveying mechanism includes a base 208 and two gear shafts 205 arranged in parallel, the upper end of the base 208 is connected to the fixing rod 201, the two gear shafts 205 are vertically arranged on the side surface of the base 208, two gear shafts 205 for clamping the welding rod 206 are respectively arranged on the two bases 208, and the two pairs of gear shafts 205 respectively clamp the main welding rod 2061 and the auxiliary welding rod 2062; the end of the gear shaft 205 is provided with a transmission gear 207, the two transmission gears 207 are meshed, and the tail end of one gear shaft 205 is connected with a transmission flexible shaft 209. The transmission flexible shaft drives the gear shaft to rotate, and then the two transmission gears which are meshed with each other can be driven to rotate simultaneously, so that the welding rods between the two gear shafts are driven to be conveyed downwards. The two transmission flexible shafts rotate simultaneously, so that the two welding rods can be driven simultaneously to synchronously convey the two welding rods downwards.
The welding process by using the double-welding-rod passive welding device is as follows: the hand-operated handwheel 301 can drive the welding fixing block 304 to move along the guide rod 308, and simultaneously drive the two driving gears 306 to roll along the rack 311, and the two driving gears 306 respectively drive the two transmission flexible shafts 209 to rotate through the driving shaft 305; and then drive two pairs of drive gears 207 through two transmission flexible axle 209 and rotate, two pairs of intermeshing drive gears 207 are through two pairs of gear shafts 205 centre gripping main welding rod and auxiliary welding rod simultaneously go up and down respectively, make things convenient for the welding.
When the required welded plate is thick, the welding mode that main welding rods and auxiliary welding rods are carried out simultaneously is adopted, the two welding rods are combusted simultaneously, more heat can be provided for a welding area, and the welding quality can be ensured when the thick plate is welded. In this case, the flux components of the main electrode and the auxiliary electrode are the same, and the components are as follows: 24-30 parts of copper oxide, 20-25 parts of ferric oxide, 12-15 parts of aluminum, 4-5 parts of nickel protoxide, 1.6-4 parts of boron trioxide, 2.5-6.3 parts of ferromanganese, 1.9-4.8 parts of ferrosilicon, 1.8-6 parts of aluminum oxide, 1.2-4 parts of silicon dioxide, 0.8-1.6 parts of nickel, 1.8-3.6 parts of silver, 0.8-1.6 parts of titanium and 1.6-3.2 parts of lanthanide rare earth elements. Preferably, the components are as follows:
30 parts of copper oxide, 24 parts of ferric oxide, 14 parts of aluminum, 4 parts of nickel protoxide, 3.2 parts of boron trioxide, 5.7 parts of ferromanganese, 4 parts of ferrosilicon, 6 parts of aluminum oxide, 3.2 parts of silicon dioxide, 0.8 part of nickel, 2.1 parts of silver, 0.8 part of titanium and 2.2 parts of lanthanide rare earth elements.
In addition, the welding can be carried out in a mode that a main welding rod is used for welding in the front, an auxiliary welding rod is used for welding in a mode of heat preservation after welding in the rear, most high-carbon steels have a process of heat treatment after welding in the welding process, the heat loss is reduced, heat preservation or heat treatment after welding is carried out, welding slag protection is formed, and the heat treatment after welding is mainly annealing stress relief. The application occasions are as follows: when welding is carried out in the field, the external environment temperature changes greatly, and the requirement on welding performance is higher in the area.
The main welding rod and the auxiliary welding rod are insulated at the front and the rear, low-temperature heat treatment can be carried out on the welding line under the condition that the welding line is not cooled, hydrogen elimination treatment after welding is realized, hydrogen escape in the welding line and a heat affected zone is accelerated, the effect of preventing welding cracks from being generated during welding of low alloy steel is very obvious, and the welding quality of a welding joint is improved. At this time, the flux of the main electrode has the following components:
23-31 parts of copper oxide, 19-25 parts of ferric oxide, 6-8 parts of nickel oxide, 12-16 parts of aluminum, 2.1-4 parts of boron trioxide, 3.3-6.2 parts of ferromanganese, 2.5-4.7 parts of ferrosilicon, 2.4-4 parts of silicon dioxide, 0.4-0.8 part of nickel, 1.2-2.4 parts of silver, 0.4-0.8 part of titanium and 1.2-2.4 parts of lanthanide rare earth elements.
The flux of the auxiliary welding rod comprises the following components:
17-21 parts of copper oxide, 12-14.6 parts of ferric oxide, 11-13.4 parts of ferric oxide, 9-11 parts of nickel oxide, 17-21 parts of aluminum, 4-5 parts of magnesium, 1.8-3.9 parts of potassium nitrate, 3-6.4 parts of sodium nitrate, 2.2-4.7 parts of starch, 1.4-3.7 parts of shellac, 1.4-3.7 parts of collodion, 0.4-1.1 parts of ethyl cellulose, 1.8-3.6 parts of aluminum oxide, 0.4-0.8 part of nickel, 1.2-2.4 parts of silver, 0.4-0.4 part of titanium and 1.2-2.4 parts of lanthanide rare earth elements.
As a preferred embodiment, the flux composition of the main electrode is as follows: 30 parts of copper oxide, 25 parts of ferric oxide, 8 parts of nickel oxide, 15 parts of aluminum, 3 parts of boron trioxide, 5 parts of ferromanganese, 3 parts of ferrosilicon, 4 parts of aluminum oxide, 3 parts of silicon dioxide, 0.5 part of nickel, 1.4 parts of silver, 0.6 part of titanium and 1.5 parts of lanthanide rare earth elements. The flux composition of the auxiliary electrode is as follows: 21 parts of copper oxide, 13 parts of ferric oxide, 12 parts of ferric oxide, 11 parts of nickel protoxide, 15 parts of aluminum, 4 parts of magnesium, 2 parts of potassium nitrate, 4 parts of sodium nitrate, 3 parts of starch, 3 parts of shellac, 2 parts of collodion, 1 part of ethyl cellulose, 3.2 parts of aluminum oxide, 0.4 part of nickel, 2.2 parts of silver, 0.8 part of titanium and 2.2 parts of lanthanide rare earth elements.
The specific specifications of the components are as follows: analytically pure copper oxide (-200 mesh), analytically pure iron oxide (-200 mesh), analytically pure aluminum powder (-80 mesh), analytically pure magnesium powder (-80 mesh), analytically pure phosphorus (-80 mesh), analytically pure sulfur (-80 mesh), analytically pure nickel oxide (-200 mesh), analytically pure nickel protoxide (-200 mesh), analytically pure ferroferric oxide (-200 mesh), analytically pure ferrosilicon (-200 mesh), analytically pure ferromanganese (-200 mesh), analytically pure aluminum oxide (-200 mesh), analytically pure silica (-150 mesh), analytically pure nickel powder (-200 mesh), analytically pure silver powder (-80 mesh), analytically pure titanium powder (-80 mesh), lanthanide rare earth element (-200 mesh), analytically pure ferroferric oxide (-200 mesh), analytically pure potassium nitrate (-200 mesh), analytically pure sodium nitrate (-200 mesh), analytically pure nickel powder (-200 mesh), analytically pure starch, analytically pure shellac, analytically pure collodion, analytically pure ethyl cellulose, analytically pure phenolic resin, analytically pure polytetrafluoroethylene.
During specific operation, according to the actual condition of a welded workpiece, the main welding rod and the auxiliary welding rod can be arranged in the welding device according to different welding positions (flat welding, horizontal welding, vertical fillet welding, fillet clamping welding, vertical welding and the like) and heat treatment requirements before and after welding and the like, the relative positions of the main welding rod and the auxiliary welding rod are adjusted through the welding rod clamping mechanism, the main welding rod and the auxiliary welding rod are ignited by utilizing the ignition device, and the two double spontaneous combustion welding rods can complete different forms of welding (preheating before welding, slow cooling in the welding process, heat treatment after welding and the like). Compared with the existing welding pen or pen type welding rod, the ignition sequence of the main welding rod and the auxiliary welding rod can be adjusted according to actual needs, the parts to be welded can be preheated, kept warm and slowly cooled, the microstructure of welding seam metal can be subjected to solid solution strengthening, fine grain strengthening, precipitation strengthening and dispersion strengthening, the wettability of the welding seam is increased, and the mechanical property of a welding joint is improved. Compared with the conventional welding technology, the invention does not need energy sources such as a power supply, an air source and the like and professional equipment, can complete the welding under the condition of no power source or equipment, and has safe and reliable operation; can avoid the welding defect that the misoperation arouses, improve welding quality.
In conclusion, the invention is especially suitable for field passive welding operation, and is convenient and quick to operate. Can drive main welding rod and the auxiliary welding rod on the weld fixing block through waveing the hand wheel and remove along the lead screw, fortune strip demand when can satisfying the welding can avoid because of the welding defect that the operation is not skilled and causes, can also make operating personnel keep away from the welding position, reduces operating personnel's psychological fear degree when guaranteeing safety. The invention does not need external energy and equipment, is convenient to carry and simple to operate, and meets the requirement of emergent welding of metal parts when the external energy such as a power supply and an air source and welding equipment are lacked under the emergency conditions such as the field and the battlefield. The method is suitable for the field of emergency welding maintenance, the main welding rod and the auxiliary welding rod with different components can be reasonably selected according to specific welding requirements, the required welding requirements (preheating before welding, welding performance optimization, postweld heat treatment and the like) are met, operators do not need to be trained in welding skills, welding defects caused by improper operation can be avoided, and the operation is safe and reliable.
In the description above, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein, and it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed above.
Claims (5)
1. A manual self-propagating welding method with double source heat input is characterized by comprising the following steps: fixing a main welding rod and an auxiliary welding rod on a double-welding-rod self-propagating welding device, igniting the main welding rod and the auxiliary welding rod by using an ignition device, preheating a part to be welded by the auxiliary welding rod in front, and finishing self-propagating welding by the main welding rod at the rear;
the internal flux of the main electrode comprises the following components:
29-33 parts of copper oxide, 26-30 parts of ferric oxide, 15-17 parts of aluminum, 1.6-2.6 parts of boron trioxide, 2.5-4.2 parts of ferromanganese, 1.9-3.2 parts of ferrosilicon, 2.4-3.6 parts of aluminum oxide, 1.6-2.4 parts of silicon dioxide, 0.83-1.66 parts of nickel, 1.53-3.06 parts of silver, 0.67-1.34 parts of titanium and 1.97-3.94 parts of lanthanide rare earth elements;
the internal flux of the auxiliary electrode comprises the following components:
1.5-2.1 parts of magnesium, 7-10 parts of aluminum, 2.5-3.6 parts of phosphorus, 3-4.3 parts of sulfur, 1.4-1.75 parts of boron trioxide, 0.6-0.75 part of barium nitrate, 1-1.25 parts of potassium nitrate, 27-34 parts of copper oxide, 24-30 parts of ferric oxide, 6-7.5 parts of nickel oxide, 1.4-3.7 parts of shellac, 1.2-3.2 parts of phenolic resin, 0.4-1.1 part of polytetrafluoroethylene, 1.8-3.6 parts of aluminum oxide, 0.4-0.8 part of nickel, 1.2-2.4 parts of silver, 0.4-0.8 part of titanium and 1.2-2.4 parts of lanthanide rare earth elements;
the welding flux of the main welding rod and the auxiliary welding rod comprises the following components in specification: analytically pure copper oxide below 200 meshes, analytically pure iron oxide below 200 meshes, analytically pure nickel oxide below 200 meshes, analytically pure aluminum powder below 80 meshes, analytically pure ferromanganese below 200 meshes, analytically pure ferrosilicon below 200 meshes, analytically pure aluminum oxide below 200 meshes, analytically pure silicon dioxide below 150 meshes, analytically pure nickel powder below 200 meshes, analytically pure silver powder below 80 meshes, analytically pure titanium powder below 80 meshes, lanthanide rare earth element below 200 meshes, analytically pure magnesium powder below 80 meshes, analytically pure potassium nitrate below 200 meshes, analytically pure shellac, analytically pure phosphorus below 80 meshes, analytically pure sulfur below 80 meshes, analytically pure phenol resin and analytically pure polytetrafluoroethylene;
the main welding rod and the auxiliary welding rod have the same structure and are both paper tubes with plugs at the upper ends, welding flux is filled in the paper tubes, and ignition powder columns and ignition wires are sequentially arranged at the lower ends of the welding flux in the paper tubes; the height-diameter ratio H/D of the flux filled in the main welding rod and the auxiliary welding rod is more than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 0.3, and the forming compressive stress is more than or equal to 0.566 Mpa and less than or equal to P and less than or equal to 2.113 Mpa; the outer diameter of the paper tube of the main welding rod and the auxiliary welding rod is phi 10 mm-phi 16mm, and the wall thickness is 0.2 mm;
the double-welding-rod self-propagating welding device comprises a welding rod clamping mechanism, a welding rod moving mechanism and a foldable support frame, wherein the welding rod clamping mechanism is connected with the welding rod moving mechanism, and the welding rod clamping mechanism and the welding rod moving mechanism are arranged on the support frame; the welding rod clamping mechanism can clamp a main welding rod and an auxiliary welding rod, the main welding rod and the auxiliary welding rod can be ignited by the ignition device and then spontaneously combust, and the welding rod moving mechanism moves to weld along a welding line;
the welding rod moving mechanism comprises a hand wheel, a lead screw, a rack and a welding fixing block connected with the welding rod clamping mechanism, the welding fixing block is in threaded fit with the lead screw, the hand wheel is arranged at the tail end of the lead screw, the lead screw is arranged in parallel with the rack, two ends of the lead screw and two ends of the rack are both arranged on a fixing plate, and the fixing plate is arranged on the supporting frame; two driving gears which are arranged in parallel are arranged on the outer wall of the welding fixing block, and both the two driving gears are meshed with the rack; the other end of the driving gear is connected with the transmission flexible shafts, and is connected with the welding rod clamping mechanism through the two transmission flexible shafts and used for conveying the main welding rod and the auxiliary welding rod downwards;
the welding rod clamping mechanism comprises a spherical hinge, a spherical hinge fixing sleeve and a fixed rod, the spherical hinge is arranged in a lantern ring of the spherical hinge fixing sleeve, and the fixed rod is connected with the spherical hinge fixing sleeve; the welding rod conveying mechanism is connected with the two transmission flexible shafts, and downwards conveys the main welding rod and the auxiliary welding rod in the welding process; the fixing rod for installing the main welding rod is rotationally connected with the welding fixing block.
2. The dual source heat input manual self-propagating welding method of claim 1, characterized in that: the welding flux of the main welding rod comprises the following components: 33 parts of copper oxide, 29 parts of ferric oxide, 16 parts of aluminum, 2 parts of boron trioxide, 4 parts of ferromanganese, 3 parts of ferrosilicon, 3 parts of aluminum oxide, 2 parts of silicon dioxide, 1 part of nickel, 2.8 parts of silver, 1 part of titanium and 3.2 parts of lanthanide rare earth elements;
the flux components of the auxiliary welding rod are as follows: 2 parts of magnesium, 10 parts of aluminum, 3.1 parts of phosphorus, 3.9 parts of sulfur, 1.7 parts of boron trioxide, 0.6 part of barium nitrate, 1 part of potassium nitrate, 30 parts of copper oxide, 28 parts of ferric oxide, 6 parts of nickel oxide, 3 parts of shellac, 2.8 parts of phenolic resin, 1 part of polytetrafluoroethylene, 3 parts of aluminum oxide, 0.6 part of nickel, 1.4 parts of silver, 0.4 part of titanium and 1.5 parts of lanthanide rare earth elements.
3. The dual source heat input manual self-propagating welding method of claim 1, characterized in that: the supporting frame comprises two longitudinal rods, two transverse rods and four vertical rods with adjustable heights, a long-strip groove for accommodating the vertical rods is formed in the middle of each longitudinal rod along the length direction of the longitudinal rod, the two ends of each transverse rod are connected with the end portions of the longitudinal rods respectively, the two longitudinal rods and the two transverse rods are assembled into a rectangular frame through bolts, and the upper ends of the four vertical rods are connected with the four corners of the rectangular frame through rotating shafts respectively in a rotating mode; the lower end of the upright rod is provided with an adjustable ground foot.
4. The dual source heat input manual self-propagating welding method of claim 1, characterized in that: the lower side of the rack is provided with guide rods in parallel, two ends of each guide rod are arranged on the fixing plate, the side wall of each welding fixing block is provided with a roller, and the upper surface of each guide rod is provided with a guide groove matched with the roller.
5. The dual source heat input manual self-propagating welding method of claim 1, characterized in that: the welding rod conveying mechanism comprises a base and two gear shafts arranged in parallel, the upper end of the base is connected with the fixed rod, the two gear shafts are vertically arranged on the side face of the base, the two bases are respectively provided with two gear shafts for clamping welding rods, and the two pairs of gear shafts respectively clamp the main welding rod and the auxiliary welding rod; the end part of the gear shaft is provided with a transmission gear, the two transmission gears are meshed, and the tail end of one gear shaft is connected with the transmission flexible shaft.
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